CN101274861B - Heavy metal-passivated organic fertilizer and composting method - Google Patents
Heavy metal-passivated organic fertilizer and composting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101274861B CN101274861B CN2007100649055A CN200710064905A CN101274861B CN 101274861 B CN101274861 B CN 101274861B CN 2007100649055 A CN2007100649055 A CN 2007100649055A CN 200710064905 A CN200710064905 A CN 200710064905A CN 101274861 B CN101274861 B CN 101274861B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to an organic fertilizer and a composting method for using lignin humus to passivate heavy metal. The organic fertilizer is prepared from fertilizer base stock, wood residual and lignin-degradation initiating agent, wherein, the volume ratio of the fertilizer base stock and the wood residual is 1: 1 to 2, and the total weight of the lignin-degradation initiating agent accounts for 5 to 20 percent of the total weight of the fertilizer base stock and the wood residual. The organic fertilizer and the composting method of the invention mainly make use of aerobic compost technique and lead the humus generated in degradation process of wood dust and sawdust to be in combination with municipal sludge and heavy metal in dejecta of livestock and poultry to generate humus-heavy metal, which reduces the biological availability of the heavy stock so as to realize hazard removal of compost of municipal sewage and sludge or dejecta of livestock and poultry and production of organic fertilizers with high quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of organic fertilizer, relate in particular to a kind of heavy metal-passivated organic fertilizer and compost method.
Background technology
Farmland quality directly affects the quality of agricultural-food, also is vital to the influence of food safety and international trade.In recent years, the investigation and the research of the relevant soil quality of China increase sharply, and fundamentally, are that situation serious, agricultural product quality causes anxiety because farmland quality is degenerated, and the heavy metal contamination in farmland is one of them importance.The source of heavy metal comprises sewage irrigation, atmospheric precipitation in the agricultural land soil, also has the use of organic solid castoffs such as city sewage and sludge and feces of livestock and poultry simultaneously.
In recent years, the organic fertilizer resource of China increases rapidly.China's livestock and poultry breeding industry increases with 10% year amplification, and wherein the number of animals raised of live pig and poultry has occupied the first in the world, has produced a large amount of feces of livestock and poultry therefrom, and annual production 3000000000 tons (ight soil total amount) is near 5～6 times of the industrial solid wastes total release.Equally, because the quick increase of treatment rate of domestic sewage has caused city sewage and sludge to produce in a large number.Rough Statistics, at present China's sludge yield is about 9,000,000 tons/year (80% water ratio), and this quantity to 2015 year will be doubled.Therefore how reasonably to dispose and utilize this two big class organic solid castoff, become more and more urgent problem.
As large agricultural country, the use of fertilizer has long history in China.Organic fertilizer is at culture fertility and improve crop quality, particularly improves to have the incomparable effect of chemical fertilizer on the flavoured foodstuff quality.Development Organic farming and green agriculture are very emphasized the application of fertilizer both at home and abroad.Domestic AA only accurate application of organic fertilizers material of level green food and the microbial fertilizer in formulating green food standard, stipulated.The Ministry of Agriculture has also issued " about the instruction of Tenth Five-Year Plan Period control agricultural-food fertilizer pollution " in calendar year 2001, emphasize to make full use of the organic fertilizer resource of China's abundant, with application promotion China pollution-free food, green food and the development of Organic Food of fertilizer.
But, studies show that more and more the organic fertilizer of preparation such as feces of livestock and poultry and municipal sludge is because wherein the content of pollutent is higher, and exist the risk of contaminated soil and farm crop.Because municipal effluent derives from various industry and sanitary sewage, contain some inevitably to environment and biological deleterious material, wherein heavy metal is the main factor that restricts the mud agricultural use owing to having difficult migration, easily enrichment, endangering characteristics such as big always.And intensive culture causes the use of fodder additives more and more general in the development of China, and the use of preparations such as a large amount of copper, zinc, arsenic has caused the heavy-metal residual of feces of livestock and poultry significantly to increase.There is investigation to show that if pass judgment on the fertilizer standard by European Union's pollution-free food production, Zn exceeds standard 66% in the feces of livestock and poultry of intensive culture field, 8 times of the overproof values of high-content; Cd exceeds standard 40%, and high-content is 16 times of standard value; Cu exceeds standard 34%, and high-content is 25 times of standard value; Cr and Ni exceed standard 14%; Pb exceeds standard 4%.Even pass judgment on by the general fertilizer standard of European Union, Zn exceeds standard 52%, and Cd exceeds standard 20%, and Cu exceeds standard 26%, and Cr exceeds standard 10%.The plurality of heavy metal pollutent is present in the organic manure resources such as feces of livestock and poultry, municipal sludge, causes the continuous accumulation of heavy metal in soil, and its life-time service will bring threat to soil, water body and agricultural product quality and safety.
For heavy metal contamination, except that total amount, its available state content is often even more important.Aerobic compost is a biological procedures, can be carbonic acid gas, water, ammonia and stable organic substance with organic matter degradation.Along with our going deep into to composting process research, find that composting process control can produce material impact to the form and the biological effectiveness of metallic element, the heavy metal content of easy molten attitude reduces, metastable heavy metal content increases, and the variation of organic substance has significant correlation in the metamorphosis of heavy metal and the compost.
In recent years, some investigators use the heavy metal in chemical sulphur preparation, specific ion exchanger, mineral acid and organic acid and the electrochemical method drip washing transfer composting material; Perhaps the flyash of employing and other high pH value or natural adsorbent (as kaolin) etc. " are total to compost ", to reduce the validity (Ciba of heavy metal in the compost, J., T.Korolewics, et al. (1999). ＂ The occurrence of metals in compostedmunicipal wastes and their removal. ＂ Water, Air, and Soil Pollution (1-4): 159-170; Veeken, A.H.M.and H.V.M.Hamelers (1999). ＂ Removal of heavy metals fromsewage sludge by extraction with organic acids. ＂ Water Science and Technology40 (1): 129-136; Wang Shimei etc., (2006). " yeast and two kinds of thiobacilluss are compound to chromic removal in the mud ". China Environmental Science 26 (2): 197-200).But these methods or expense are higher, or the secondary treatment problem of leacheate, and common characteristic is proterties and the quality that has changed composting material.
Humic substance is all very complicated natural polymers of a class The Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes, and its main body is various humic acid and the salt that combines with metal ion thereof, it with soil in the mineral part combine the formation organic mineral complex closely, thereby be insoluble in water.Soil ulmin forms xylogen the most classical in the theory-protein theory to be thought, the xylogen in the plant residue is the main source that humic substance forms, and xylogen forms the class xylogen under action of microorganisms, form humic acid and fulvic acid then.Xylogen is complicated plant material, has the benzene ring structure of some side chain, is difficult to decompose.Some bacteriums and higher fungi can be the side chain of xylogen and aromatic oxygenations, and then the cracking xylogen.Have a considerable amount of xylogen to form soil ulmin in compost, it is the storage vault of plant nutrition, also is the basis of soil fertility.Humic substance contains multiple functional group, and these functional groups have stronger complexing and inrichment to heavy metal ion.The complexing action of soil ulmin and heavy metal ion has significant effects to the fixing and migration of heavy metal ion.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention be by preferred degradable in conjunction with the organic matter of heavy metal as the compost stopping composition, optimize composting process, to reach heavy metal in the passivation feces of livestock and poultry, the purpose of production high-quality organic fertilizer.
At technical problem to be solved by this invention, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high-quality organic fertilizer, it obtains for the inventor screens by experiment, the form of heavy metal contaminants mainly exists with residual form and organic combined, greatly reduces the biological effectiveness of heavy metal contaminants.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of heavy metal-passivated compost method of xylogen soil ulmin that utilizes.
According to one object of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of organic fertilizer, it starts agent by composting base-material, wooden slag, lignin degradation and prepares, the volume ratio of described composting base-material and wooden slag is 1:1～2, and the weight that described lignin degradation starts agent is 5～20% of composting base-material and wooden slag gross weight.
In the present invention, relational language is defined as follows if no special instructions:
Described composting base-material is to be selected to form in the various organic wastes of soil ulmin one or more by lignin degradation, for example, and feces of livestock and poultry, municipal sludge class solid waste etc.
Described wooden slag can be for being selected from the various agriculturals that contain xylogen or in the trade waste one or more, for example, and wood chip, sawdust etc.
In the present invention, described lignin degradation starts agent and is used for making the degraded of compost xylogen to take place fast, and can promote the carrying out of degradation process.
Described lignin degradation starts the material that agent should comprise lignin degrading, it can be fungi and the microorganism that is selected from various lignin degradings, for example, aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzal) 2013, aspergillus oryzae 2014, aspergillus oryzae 2015, aspergillus niger, flat mushroom, mushroom, needle mushroom, Coprinus comatus etc., but be not limited thereto.In a specific embodiment of the present invention, select the waste material of cultivation fungi for use, to reduce production costs.
Described lignin degradation starts agent also can comprise an amount of nutrition regulating agent, as, one or more of glucide, protein substance, various trace element and VITAMIN etc. are to regulate the various nutritive elements in the compost, composting process is accelerated in the generation of the microorganism of accelerated degradation xylogen.
Preferably, described lignin degradation startup agent can be obtained by the feedstock production of following weight part:
Waste material of edible mushroom 60～100
Nutrition regulating agent 20～55.
Above-mentioned weight part obtains for the inventor screens by experiment, and the lignin degradation of this proportioning starts agent can make degradation process carry out more completely, thereby but the soil ulmin of formation complexing heavy metal as much as possible helps the passivation of heavy metal in the fertilizer.
Described waste material of edible mushroom is the tankage that produce in the edible fungus culturing, the nutriment that contains a large amount of tropinas, multiple meta-bolites and be not fully utilized.The matrix of edible fungus culturing can be wood chip, sawdust, cotton seed hulls etc.
Preferred in a preferred embodiment of the invention, described lignin degradation starts the serve as reasons feedstock production of following weight part of agent and obtains:
Waste material of edible mushroom 60～100
Industry sugar 0.5～2
Bean dregs 20～50
Riboflavin 0.005～0.02.
In a better embodiment of the present invention, the weight ratio that described lignin degradation starts the agent raw material is followed successively by 80:1:33:0.01, in another better embodiment, the weight ratio that described lignin degradation starts the agent raw material is followed successively by 66:0.6:22.5:0.006.
Preferably, the particle diameter of described wooden slag is less than 3 centimetres, comparatively fast and completely degrades to help xylogen.
Preferably, described waste material of edible mushroom is the waste material behind mushroom culture and/or the flat mushroom.
Preferred, described waste material of edible mushroom is for wood chip and/or sawdust being the waste material behind substrate culture mushroom and/or the flat mushroom.
According to another object of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of heavy metal-passivated compost method, comprise steps such as mixing, accumulation, intensification, cooling, after-ripening, its concrete steps are as follows:
1) the composting base-material is mixed with the volume ratio of wooden slag by 1:1～2;
2) lignin degradation of the mixture total weight amount 5～20% of adding composting base-material and wooden slag starts agent, and fully mixing is piled up, and carries out compost;
3) make heap temperature keep 50～70 ℃ after at least 5～7 days, be reduced to automatically when no longer heating up below 40 ℃, windrow is gone out heap;
4) windrow humidity is remained on 40%～50% after-ripening 1～2 month.
Preferably, in step 2) in, windrow humidity is remained between 55～65%, heap body oxygen content is more than 18%.In the present invention, heap body humidity is meant that windrow mixture moisture content accounts for the per-cent of mixture total weight amount.
Suitably turning ventilation adds water to keep the humidity of windrow in composting process.
In step 4), be preferably in and carry out after-ripening under the natural ventilation condition.
Preferably, in described compost method, described lignin degradation starts the serve as reasons feedstock production of following weight part of agent and obtains:
Waste material of edible mushroom 60～100
Nutrition regulating agent 20～55.
Described lignin degradation starts agent can be by getting above-mentioned raw materials with ordinary method is mixed.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, described lignin degradation starts the serve as reasons feedstock production of following weight part of agent and obtains:
Waste material of edible mushroom 60～100
Industry sugar 0.5～2
Bean dregs 20～50
Riboflavin 0.005～0.02.
Preferably, the particle diameter of described wooden slag is less than 3 centimetres.
Preferably, described waste material of edible mushroom is the waste material behind mushroom culture and/or the flat mushroom.
Preferred, described waste material of edible mushroom is for wood chip and/or sawdust being the waste material behind substrate culture mushroom and/or the flat mushroom.
The fertilizer of the inventive method preparation, the form of its heavy metal contaminants mainly exists with residual form and organic combined, greatly reduces the biological effectiveness of heavy metal contaminants, can be used as the high-quality fertilizer material and uses.
The present invention has overcome change feedstock property or the bigger defective of investment in the prior art, on the basis that does not change fertilizer character, provide a kind of the utilization in common lignin weighting agent and solid waste " compost altogether " process to produce metastable soil ulmin-heavy metal organism, with the heavy metal contaminants passivation that contains in the raw material, biological effectiveness when the reduction heavy metal utilizes in the soil, make solid waste reach the method for innoxious, stabilization and resource utilization, produce high-quality organic fertilizer product.
Below by to the explanation of better embodiment of the present invention, describe in detail but do not limit the present invention.
Embodiment
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, mainly with heavy metal-passivated Cu as illustration.
Embodiment 1: wood chip and city sewage and sludge " compost altogether "
50kg city sewage and sludge and the wood chip ratio about according to volume ratio 1:2 is mixed, add about 10.0kg lignin degradation and start agent (mushroom waste material: industry sugar: bean dregs: riboflavin=80:1:33:0.01), the humidity of regulating the heap body is between 55%～65%, behind the abundant mixing of windrow, be placed on and carry out aerobic compost in the in-vessel composting system, adopt mandatory draft type that oxygen is provided, keep heap body oxygen content more than 18%.About after heap height temperature (about 50～70 ℃ at heap body center) reaches 5 days, carry out turning and suitably add moisture that to continue heap rotten, the rotten time of heap reached about 20 days, was reduced to automatically below 40 ℃ up to temperature and heated up no longer again.Behind heap under the windrow, regulate heap body humidity and reach between 40%～50%, proceed the after-ripening about 1 month, turning is 2～3 times in this process.Compare with contrast (without the city sewage and sludge that is total to compost), content through steady, the tight combined soil ulmin bonded Cu in " compost altogether " mud has increased by 10.2% and 13.2% than the compost initial stage respectively, and the organic bonded Cu of soluble state content has reduced by 59.5%.
Embodiment 2: wood chip and feces of livestock and poultry " compost altogether "
50kg feces of livestock and poultry and the wood chip ratio about according to volume ratio 1:1 is mixed, add about 3.0kg lignin degradation and start agent (flat mushroom waste material: industry sugar: bean dregs: riboflavin=66:0.6:22.5:0.006), regulate between the humidity 55%～65% of heap body, behind the abundant mixing of windrow, be placed on and carry out aerobic compost in the in-vessel composting system, adopt mandatory draft type that oxygen is provided, keep heap body oxygen content more than 18%, about after heap height temperature (about 50～70 ℃ at heap body center) reaches 5 days, carry out turning and suitably add moisture continuation heap rotten, the heap corruption reached about 2 weeks, was reduced to automatically below 40 ℃ up to temperature and heated up no longer again.Behind heap under the windrow, regulate between the moisture content 40%～50%, proceed after-ripening about 2 months, turning is 2～3 times in this process.Compare with contrast (without the feces of livestock and poultry of " compost altogether "), the content of steady, the tight combined soil ulmin bonded Cu in the process has increased by 8.6% and 23.3% than the compost initial stage respectively, and the organic bonded Cu of soluble state content has reduced by 45.7%.
Embodiment 3: wood chip and feces of livestock and poultry " compost altogether "
50kg feces of livestock and poultry and the wood chip ratio about according to volume ratio 1:1.5 is mixed, add about 7.0kg lignin degradation and start agent (the flat mushroom waste material: industry sugar: bean dregs: riboflavin=92:1.7:46:0.018), following steps are identical with embodiment 2.Compare with contrast (without the feces of livestock and poultry of " compost altogether "), the effect of passivation Cu is similar to embodiment 2.
Embodiment 4: the variation of heavy metal Cu in the potted plant process of livestock excrement composting
By livestock excrement composting soil amount of application be 15 respectively, after the 50t/ha conversion, the livestock excrement composting product that will become thoroughly decomposed by embodiment 12 and without the rotten feces of livestock and poultry of heap respectively with mixing with soil, every basin dress mixture 2.5kg keeps soil mixture humidity to reach maxmun field capacity.The basin alms bowl is placed in the constant incubator, and control relative humidity 70%, temperature keep 25 ± 1 ℃, about constant temperature culture 8 all backs, adopt the content of the heavy metal Cu of different shape in BCR substep extraction method and the soil ulmin form grading extraction method assay determination soil.Compare with contrast (without the rotten feces of livestock and poultry of heap), use the soil of livestock excrement composting product, weak acid extracts attitude and reducible attitude Cu content is low respectively by 29.12% and 22%, and steady, tight simultaneously combined soil ulmin bonded Cu content exceeds 14.9% and 35% respectively.
Above detailed description of the present invention does not limit the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that, after having read foregoing of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modification to the present invention, but the equivalent form of value of changing or revising drops in the application's letter of authorization institute restricted portion equally.
Claims (6)
1. an organic fertilizer is characterized in that, starts agent by composting base-material, wooden slag, lignin degradation and prepares; The volume ratio of described composting base-material and wooden slag is 1: 1～2; The weight that described lignin degradation starts agent is 5～20% of composting base-material and wooden slag gross weight;
Wherein, described composting base-material is municipal sludge sewage or feces of livestock and poultry;
Described lignin degradation starts the serve as reasons feedstock production of following weight part of agent and obtains:
Waste material of edible mushroom 60～100
Industry sugar 0.5～2
Bean dregs 20～50
Riboflavin 0.005～0.02.
2. organic fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the particle diameter of described wooden slag is less than 3 centimetres.
3. organic fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described waste material of edible mushroom is the waste material behind mushroom culture and/or the flat mushroom.
4. a heavy metal-passivated compost method is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
1) composting base-material and wooden slag are mixed by 1: 1～2 volume ratio;
2) lignin degradation of the mixture total weight amount 5～20% of adding composting base-material and wooden slag starts agent, and fully mixing is piled up, and carries out compost;
3) make heap temperature keep 50～70 ℃ after at least 5～7 days, be reduced to automatically when no longer heating up below 40 ℃, windrow is gone out heap;
4) windrow humidity is remained on 40%～50% after-ripening 1～2 month;
Wherein, described composting base-material is municipal sludge sewage or feces of livestock and poultry;
Described lignin degradation starts the serve as reasons feedstock production of following weight part of agent and obtains:
Waste material of edible mushroom 60～100
Industry sugar 0.5～2
Bean dregs 20～50
Riboflavin 0.005～0.02.
5. compost method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, in step 2) in, windrow humidity is remained between 55～65%, heap body oxygen content is more than 18%.
6. compost method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described waste material of edible mushroom is the waste material behind mushroom culture and/or the flat mushroom.
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| CN2007100649055A CN101274861B (en) | 2007-03-28 | 2007-03-28 | Heavy metal-passivated organic fertilizer and composting method |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101624300B (en) * | 2009-08-03 | 2012-06-13 | 安徽莱姆佳肥业有限公司 | Method for removing heavy metal in solid organic waste compost |
| CN102515904B (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2014-10-22 | 河南工业大学 | Cyclically degradable granulated conditioning agent and application of conditioning agent in sludge compost |
| CN105198511B (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2018-09-25 | 湖北大学 | A kind of multifunctional organic fertilizer and its preparation method and application using tannery sludge and wood fibre |
| CN105732220A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-07-06 | 临沂市农业科学院 | Microbial organic fertilizer for improving soil that has been used for planting multi-batch vegetable and fruit and preparation method thereof |
| CN113072287B (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2022-11-25 | 南京师范大学 | Method for regulating generation of humic acid from sludge hydrothermal and passivating heavy metal |
| CN114430979A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-05-06 | 廊坊师范学院 | Soil application method for mushroom cultivation waste |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2104259C1 (en) * | 1996-02-27 | 1998-02-10 | Коми научный центр Уральского отделения РАН | Fertilizer composition |
| CN1322698A (en) * | 2000-05-15 | 2001-11-21 | 黄焕忠 | Biological compost treating method |
| CN1781881A (en) * | 2005-07-06 | 2006-06-07 | 麦行 | Method for producing useful organic substance using industrial and agricultural organic wastes |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2104259C1 (en) * | 1996-02-27 | 1998-02-10 | Коми научный центр Уральского отделения РАН | Fertilizer composition |
| CN1322698A (en) * | 2000-05-15 | 2001-11-21 | 黄焕忠 | Biological compost treating method |
| CN1781881A (en) * | 2005-07-06 | 2006-06-07 | 麦行 | Method for producing useful organic substance using industrial and agricultural organic wastes |
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