CN110122081B - Original ecological sweet potato cellaring method - Google Patents
Original ecological sweet potato cellaring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110122081B CN110122081B CN201910560163.8A CN201910560163A CN110122081B CN 110122081 B CN110122081 B CN 110122081B CN 201910560163 A CN201910560163 A CN 201910560163A CN 110122081 B CN110122081 B CN 110122081B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F25/00—Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit
- A01F25/14—Containers specially adapted for storing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F25/00—Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit
- A01F25/16—Arrangements in forage silos
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F25/00—Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit
- A01F25/16—Arrangements in forage silos
- A01F25/22—Ventilating arrangements
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Storage Of Harvested Produce (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an original ecological sweet potato cellaring method, which comprises the following steps: s1, building a cellar land; s2, controlling the temperature and humidity of the cellaring land; s3, placing the sweet potatoes into a cellar for cellar storage in a non-grounded manner. The invention fully utilizes the existing natural advantage conditions of land, hillside, terrain and the like, and has large cellaring capacity and low loss rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an original ecological preservation storage cellar for sweet potatoes, in particular to an original ecological sweet potato cellar storage method.
Background
The original sweet potato is also named sweet potato, sweet potato and the like, is one of the main crops in the food production in China, and is obtained from the following steps
The plants are widely planted in the areas from northeast to southwest of China. The rotten cellar phenomenon easily occurs in the storage process of sweet potatoes, the main reasons are 'five harms, one lack' and 'five harms': cold injury, wet injury, dry injury and diseases, the first defect is: hypoxia occurs. The sweet potato is warm and afraid of cold and moisture, and is stored at a proper temperature of 10-15 ℃ and relative humidity of about 80%. Cold damage easily occurs below 10 ℃, and the epidermis is provided with sunken plaques, which causes rottenness. The sweet potato has no physiological dormancy stage, if the temperature is high (15-20 ℃) during storage, the relative humidity is more than 85%, the sweet potato is not well ventilated, and can sprout at any time, so that the sprouting consumes internal nutrition, the taste and the flavor are not good, and the quality of the product is reduced. The sweet potato has thin surface, is easy to be infected by germs and damaged by tetanus during harvesting, and is easy to deteriorate and rot when the tetanus infected potato block is subjected to high temperature and high humidity during storage. Soft rot easily occurs at 15-25 deg.C, and black spot easily occurs at 23-27 deg.C. Therefore, the safe storage of sweet potatoes becomes an awkward problem in the production process of sweet potatoes.
The common sweet potato cellars in the prior production comprise well cellars, overground or semi-underground big house cellars, greenhouse cellars and the like. However, the sweet potato cellar has the following technical defects: in the initial stage of pit storage, because the outside air temperature is high, the pit is easy to cause damp damage, and the sweet potatoes are difficult to carry, in addition, because the pit is sealed too early or the storage amount of the sweet potatoes is too large, the respiration of the sweet potatoes is enhanced, so that the oxygen in the pit is reduced, and when the CO2 reaches 4-5%, the respiration is inhibited, so that the sweet potatoes are rotten due to oxygen deficiency; the large aboveground or semi-underground cellars require thick wall body and roof, have tight structure and need heating equipment, and have high construction cost; the construction of the greenhouse cellar also requires a storage room, an arched shed and front and back wall bodies which are enclosed by four walls, and the greenhouse cellar is difficult to preserve heat in low-temperature areas, so that the cost performance of the greenhouse cellar is low, and the greenhouse cellar is not suitable for popularization and application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide an original ecological sweet potato cellaring method. Long storage and fresh-keeping time and low cost.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an original ecological sweet potato cellaring method comprises the following steps:
s1, building a cellar land; three surfaces of the cellaring land are arranged in the rock, soil is paved on the top surface of the cellaring land, and crops are planted on the soil;
s2, controlling the temperature and humidity of the cellaring land; controlling the temperature in the cellar to be 12-14 ℃, keeping the humidity at 80-90 ℃, using rock as a natural wall, preventing the ground from hardening, arranging a ventilation door on the front surface of the cellar, arranging water reservoirs and water ditches in the cellar in a staggered manner, and arranging a plurality of ventilation pipes in the cellar;
s3, placing the sweet potatoes into a cellar for cellar storage in a non-grounded manner.
Preferably, in S2, 3 stories of houses are built in front of the cellar, one story is an air vent and a transportation way, the second story is an office, and the third story is a training room; three iron net ventilation holes with the length of 37cm and the height of 28cm are respectively arranged at the positions 0.04cm away from the ground under the two side walls of the door, 8 ventilation pipes, 12 ventilation pipes and 10 ventilation pipes are respectively arranged at the positions 43cm, 69cm and 95cm away from the cellar ground in a crossed and staggered manner, and a reservoir with the length of 1.6 meters, the width of 1.1 meter and the depth of 1.1 meter is arranged at the position 69cm in front of the ventilation pipes in the cellar; three-edge straight ditches are built in the cellar, the distance between each straight ditch and a rock wall ditch is 1.5 meters, the length of each straight ditch is 10 meters, 5 transverse ditches with the length of 1.5 meters are built in the rock ditches to 10 meters of the straight ditches, water is introduced into the 10 meters of the straight ditches, the 5 transverse ditches are alternately built in the long ditches, the water is introduced into the middle ditches of the columns, 5 long ditches with the length of 1.5 meters are alternately built, the water is introduced into the 10 meters of the straight ditches, the 5 long transverse ditches with the length of 1.5 meters are built in the straight ditches, the water is introduced into the rock wall ditches, the width of each straight ditch is 40cm, and the depth of each ditch is 25 cm.
Preferably, two cement steel bars are used as lifting bars on the upper surfaces of the straight ditches and the transverse ditches at intervals of 1.5 and 1.2 meters for bearing the sweet potato frame.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method fully utilizes the existing natural advantage conditions of land, hillside, terrain and the like, has large cellaring capacity, can store 120 tons of fresh potatoes, is convenient for vehicles to enter and exit the cellaring, saves the labor cost by 2.8 ten thousand yuan, utilizes natural ventilation and saves 8000 yuan of energy; the storage effect is good, 41.6 thousand of sweet potatoes are stored in 2017-2018, 4130 jin of rotten sweet potatoes are stored, the loss rate is 1%, the benefit is increased by 29 thousand yuan each year, and the fresh sweet potatoes are good in appearance after being taken out of the cellar and good in selling.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are described in further detail below, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.
The sweet potato plays an important role in production as a main crop in agriculture in China. Because the sweet potatoes are rich in dietary fibers, carotene, vitamin A, B, C, E, potassium, iron, copper, selenium, calcium and the like, the sweet potatoes are the first ten best vegetables which have the nutritional value selected by the world health organization, and become good health-care products. The sale price of the sweet potato is rapidly increased, and after the sweet potato is harvested,
with the increase of storage and preservation time, the selling price is continuously increased. Such as: the selling price of each 500 g in the harvest period is 0.5-0.8 yuan, and the individual variety is 0.8-1 yuan; by the spring festival, the market selling price of 500 g reaches 1.5-2 yuan, and the selling price of 500 g of individual varieties is 2.5-3 yuan. Therefore, the sweet potato fresh-keeping method can increase the planting benefit of the masses by more than one time, so that the fresh potato industry in the southwest and other areas is developed quickly at present, and the enthusiasm of the masses is high.
An original ecological sweet potato cellaring method comprises the following steps:
s1, building a cellar land; three surfaces of the cellaring land are arranged in the rock, soil is paved on the top surface of the cellaring land, and crops are planted on the soil;
s2, controlling the temperature and humidity of the cellaring land; controlling the temperature in the cellar to be 12-14 ℃, keeping the humidity at 80-90 ℃, using rock as a natural wall, preventing the ground from hardening, arranging a ventilation door on the front surface of the cellar, arranging water reservoirs and water ditches in the cellar in a staggered manner, and arranging a plurality of ventilation pipes in the cellar;
s3, placing the sweet potatoes into a cellar for cellar storage in a non-grounded manner.
Specifically, in S2, 3 floors of houses are built in front of the cellar, one floor is a ventilation opening and a transportation lane, the second floor is an office, and the third floor is a training room; three iron net ventilation holes with the length of 37cm and the height of 28cm are respectively arranged at the positions 0.04cm away from the ground under the two side walls of the door, 8 ventilation pipes, 12 ventilation pipes and 10 ventilation pipes are respectively arranged at the positions 43cm, 69cm and 95cm away from the cellar ground in a crossed and staggered manner, and a reservoir with the length of 1.6 meters, the width of 1.1 meter and the depth of 1.1 meter is arranged at the position 69cm in front of the ventilation pipes in the cellar; three-edge straight ditches are built in the cellar, the distance between each straight ditch and a rock wall ditch is 1.5 meters, the straight ditches are 10 meters, 5 transverse ditches with the length of 1.5 meters are built from the rock ditches to the straight ditches with the length of 10 meters, water is introduced into the 10 meters long ditches, the long ditches are crossed and repaired by 5 transverse ditches, the water is introduced into the middle ditches of the columns, 5 long ditches with the length of 1.5 meters are crossed and repaired, the water is introduced into the 10 meters straight ditches, the straight ditches are 40cm wide, the ditches are 25cm deep, 4 straight ditches, 3 small straight ditches, the length of 55.4 meters, the length of the transverse ditches is 20, and the length of the meter is 30 meters. The width of the ditch is 40cm, the depth of the ditch is 25cm, water in the cellar can circularly flow, and the cellar can be placed into a reservoir to be discharged into an external ditch for discharge when the temperature and the humidity are high. The water stored in the ditch is used for keeping the temperature of each place in the cellar within 10 to 15 ℃ and the humidity within 80 to 90 ℃;
furthermore, two cement steel bars are used as lifting bars at intervals of 1.5 m and 1.2 m on the vertical ditch and the horizontal ditch for bearing the sweet potato frame, namely PVCA pipes are sleeved in the screw thread steel lifting bars of the lifting bars made of two cement steel bars at intervals of 1.5 m and 1.2 m on the ditch, the PVC sleeve steel bars passing through the ditch can bear ten boxes of sweet potatoes (50 jin each box) in the cellar, and the lifting bars can be used for loading and unloading 4 tons of sweet potato vehicles.
The cellar stored sweet potatoes are utilized, 41.6 thousands of sweet potatoes (bad potatoes) are stored in 2017-2018, 4130 jin of rotten potatoes are stored, the loss rate is 1%, the cellar stored sweet potatoes in the prior art can reach 5% of loss rate, namely 16 jin of sweet potatoes are saved in 2017-2018, and the loss is reduced by 26 ten thousand yuan. Meanwhile, the fresh potatoes cellared by the method have good appearance and selling appearance, the selling price per kilogram is improved to 6 yuan, and the income is greatly improved.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of this invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed herein and that various other combinations, modifications, and environments may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the concept as disclosed herein, either as described above or as apparent to those skilled in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. An original ecological sweet potato cellaring method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, building a cellar land; three surfaces of the cellaring land are arranged in the rock, soil is paved on the top surface of the cellaring land, and crops are planted on the soil;
s2, controlling the temperature and humidity of the cellaring land; controlling the temperature in the cellar to be 12-14 ℃, keeping the humidity at 80-90 ℃, using rock as a natural wall, preventing the ground from hardening, arranging a ventilation door on the front surface of the cellar, arranging water reservoirs and water ditches in the cellar in a staggered manner, and arranging a plurality of ventilation pipes in the cellar;
s3, placing sweet potatoes in a cellar in a non-grounded manner for cellar storage;
in the step S2, 3 layers of houses are built in front of the cellar, one layer is a ventilation opening and a transportation channel, the second layer is an office, and the third layer is a training room; three iron net ventilation holes with the length of 37cm and the height of 28cm are respectively arranged at the positions 0.04cm away from the ground under the two side walls of the door, 8 ventilation pipes, 12 ventilation pipes and 10 ventilation pipes are respectively arranged at the positions 43cm, 69cm and 95cm away from the cellar ground in a crossed and staggered manner, and a reservoir with the length of 1.6 meters, the width of 1.1 meter and the depth of 1.1 meter is arranged at the position 69cm in front of the ventilation pipes in the cellar; three-edge straight ditches are built in the cellar, the distance between each straight ditch and a rock wall ditch is 1.5 meters, the straight ditches are 10 meters, 5 transverse ditches with the length of 1.5 meters are built in the rock ditches to 10 meters of the straight ditches, water is introduced into the 10 meters of the straight ditches, the 5 transverse ditches are alternately built in the long ditches, the water is introduced into the middle ditches of the columns, 5 long ditches with the length of 1.5 meters are alternately built in the straight ditches, the water is introduced into the 10 meters of the straight ditches, the 5 long transverse ditches with the length of 1.5 meters are built in the straight ditches, the water is introduced into the rock wall ditches, the width of each straight ditch is 40cm, and the depth of each ditch is 25 cm;
two cement steel bars are used as lifting bars on the vertical ditch and the horizontal ditch at intervals of 1.5 m and 1.2 m for bearing the sweet potato frame.
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| CN201910560163.8A CN110122081B (en) | 2019-06-26 | 2019-06-26 | Original ecological sweet potato cellaring method |
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| CN201910560163.8A CN110122081B (en) | 2019-06-26 | 2019-06-26 | Original ecological sweet potato cellaring method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110122080A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-08-16 | 遂宁市安居永丰绿色五二四红苕专业合作社 | A kind of ecosystem sweet potato stores sth. in a cellar room and stores sth. in a cellar method |
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| CN203369133U (en) * | 2013-07-09 | 2014-01-01 | 于三全 | Semi-underground type solar greenhouse sweet potato storage cellar |
| KR20190048066A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2019-05-09 | 정다운 | Underground crop harvesting device with soil separation function |
| CN110122080A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-08-16 | 遂宁市安居永丰绿色五二四红苕专业合作社 | A kind of ecosystem sweet potato stores sth. in a cellar room and stores sth. in a cellar method |
| CN210537562U (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2020-05-19 | 遂宁市安居永丰绿色五二四红苕专业合作社 | Original ecological sweet potato cellar storage room |
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| CN104265023B (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2016-09-21 | 重庆巴将军实业（集团）有限公司 | The method of canopy storage fruit and vegerable |
| CN107996155A (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2018-05-08 | 金碧波 | Sweet potato stores sth. in a cellar device |
| CN208402664U (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2019-01-22 | 湖北农谷巨海薯业科技有限公司 | A kind of combined type greenhouse |
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Patent Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203369133U (en) * | 2013-07-09 | 2014-01-01 | 于三全 | Semi-underground type solar greenhouse sweet potato storage cellar |
| KR20190048066A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2019-05-09 | 정다운 | Underground crop harvesting device with soil separation function |
| CN110122080A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-08-16 | 遂宁市安居永丰绿色五二四红苕专业合作社 | A kind of ecosystem sweet potato stores sth. in a cellar room and stores sth. in a cellar method |
| CN210537562U (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2020-05-19 | 遂宁市安居永丰绿色五二四红苕专业合作社 | Original ecological sweet potato cellar storage room |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110122080A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-08-16 | 遂宁市安居永丰绿色五二四红苕专业合作社 | A kind of ecosystem sweet potato stores sth. in a cellar room and stores sth. in a cellar method |
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