CN107811040A - A kind of fresh-keeping storage method of sweet potato - Google Patents
A kind of fresh-keeping storage method of sweet potato Download PDFInfo
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- CN107811040A CN107811040A CN201711063336.2A CN201711063336A CN107811040A CN 107811040 A CN107811040 A CN 107811040A CN 201711063336 A CN201711063336 A CN 201711063336A CN 107811040 A CN107811040 A CN 107811040A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/16—Coating with a protective layer; Compositions or apparatus therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Storage Of Harvested Produce (AREA)
- Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of fresh-keeping storage method of sweet potato,Screened including sweet potato,Sweet potato dries,Plant ash dries,Plant ash and sweet potato mixing,The steps such as storage,Storage of the present invention is without any chemical sterilization disinfectant,Antistaling agent,Without special canopy cellar for storing things and temperature adjustment,The investment of damping facility,Economize on resources,Cost is low and environmentally friendly,Storage phase is disease-free, and rotten phenomenon occurs,Sweet potato storage time is grown,Up to more than 12 months,In color and luster,Mouthfeel,Nutrition aspect and the basic indifference of new fresh sweet potatoes,Maintain the primary colors of sweet potato,Original flavor,It is simple to operate,It is of good preservation effect,Fresh keeping time is grown,Cost is low,And for human body non-hazardous,Edible safety performance is high,Sweet potato grower's loss can be reduced and avoid its pollution to environment,Can expand edible sweet potato colony,Consumption figure increase,Sweet potato value rises,Sweet potato grower's revenue growth,Social benefit is huge,Both it had been beneficial to grain storage in the people or had made very big contribution to alleviate the potential grain strategic security in China.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to sweet potato storage technology field, and in particular to a kind of fresh-keeping storage method of sweet potato.
Background technology
Sweet potato is also referred to as the title such as sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato.It is that China's plantation is introduced between Ming Dynasty's year in Wanli year, extremely
The present existing more than 400 years history.Sweet potato is one of four big staple food crops (paddy, wheat, sweet potato, corn) in China, at me
There is plantation in all provinces of state, and annual production is more than 100,000,000 tons.Because it belongs to dry crop, planting environment, Cultivate administration are wanted in addition
Ask not high, the strategy plantation supply situation complementary each other in arable land, water source, edible etc. is formed with other staple food crops.Sweet potato
It is using root tuber as cutting, there is following advantage：A. sweet potato category dry crop, plantation do not account for paddy field, account for water source less, and depolarization is cold
Polar region and extremely arid desert outside, headland, mountain forest hillside fields can plant；B. yield is high：The specific yield of sweet potato is institute
There are yield highest in crops, general 3000 kilograms or so of per mu yield, 6000 kilograms of the preferable per mu yield of the more fertile kind of soil property
More than；C. nutritive value is high：Trace element is planted rich in vitamin and potassium, iron, selenium, calcium etc. more than ten；D. without useless foreign matter：Fresh sweet potatoes leaf
It is fabulous vegetables, dead leaf, rattan, root are the fabulous feeds that the animals such as ox, pig, sheep survive the winter.Contain carrotene, dimension life in sweet potato
The anti-cancer material such as element, lysine, has very high nutritive value and medical value.The harvest season of sweet potato is autumn, sweet potato
Preservation is a problem of comparison is difficult, and general sweet potato is placed in the too high place of temperature and can sprouted；The place of humid is placed in,
Germ is easily caused to encroach on and rot；It is placed in too low local of temperature and easily endures cold, forms hard-core；Sweet potato under normal temperature is also only
It can preserve 30-40 days or so.
But fresh sweet potatoes volume is big, water content is high (up to 70% or so), organizes tender children, thin skin cracky, because of water content height
Easily occurred to rot by ice trouble and introduced disease.Still there is vigorous oxygen breathing after sweet potato harvesting, dioxy is produced depending on oxygen supply situation
Change carbon, carbon monoxide, ethanol and heat, such as remove its nuisance not in time and result in that sweet potato block is related to rot.The characteristic of sweet potato
Thus also determine sweet potato survive the winter safe storage when environmental requirement is high, difficulty is big.Due to the sweet potato under the conditions of current experimental technology
Storage (more than 3 months) is extremely difficult for a long time so that eats the phase year of fresh sweet potatoes less than four months, seriously inhibits sweet potato
Consumption figure and sweet potato grower plant the enthusiasm of sweet potato so that the yield recent decades of China sweet potato, which fluctuate, (produces 100000000 tons of left sides per year
It is right).
The exploration and research stored after centuries, several generations to sweet potato, it is determined that current sweet potato storage is claimed below：
1. the work before storages.In 10 DEG C of temperature --- receive and dig at 18 DEG C, receive air dry 3-5 days after digging, reject in spite of illness, damaged, water
The potato wedge flooded is stored into cellar for storing things；
2. controls 10 DEG C of interior temperature in cellar -- 14 DEG C；
3. humidity 80%----95% in controls cellar for storing things；
4. composition of air oxygen ＞ 5% in controls cellar for storing things；
5. implements chemical disinfection, sterilization in old cellar for storing things.
Even if storing sweet potato by above-mentioned requirement 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., the sweet potato for having at least 20% less than four months is rotted
Fall, in addition overwhelming majority sweet potato planting household in China is dispersed in hills, mountain area area, how sweet potato storage temperature control, control is wet, control is empty
Gas composition, sterilizing.The sweet potato of China sweet potato grower stores the sweet potato for just having more than 50% to three months and rots according to investigations, potato
Agriculture is because storage sweet potato survives the winter annual nearly 1,000,000 tons of sweet potato of rotting, and most of sweet potato growers do not have to Second Year continuous cropping potato, Zhi Nenggao
Valency purchases potato seedling growth or delayed implantion, let alone sweet potato is able to eat after the Spring Festival.Just because of the difficult China's potato industry that turns into of sweet potato storage develops
Awkward circumstances so that sweet potato turns into the proprietary luxurious food in China after the Spring Festival.
With China's urbanization, it is industrialized quickly propel, grainfield is reduced year by year, it is industrialized pollution make part arable land soil
Matter is degenerated, and part staple food grain kind per unit area yield is depended on science and technology close to the limit, and China has marched toward the row of grain importer, is tieed up by import
Great potential safety hazard be present in system.And China human mortality is also increasing year by year, prediction the year two thousand fifty China human mortality will break through 1,500,000,000, grain
Safety has turned into the potential maximum strategic security problem in China.Sweet potato is had only in existing staple food crop by its cities and towns
Change, industrialized influence minimum.If resolving sweet potato long-term storage problem, the yield of sweet potato, which turns over 2-3 kinds (more than 400,000,000 tons), is
Easily realize.So it is to eat the phase concerning extension sweet potato, improve sweet potato consumption figure, lifting sweet potato to resolve sweet potato long-term storage
The node problems of value development sweet potato production, be concerning sweet potato grower get bumper crops good harvest shake off poverty and set out on the road to prosperity the problem of, and alleviate China, even
The grain strategic security problem in the whole world.
In order to improve the storage problem of sweet potato, people's cigarette works out some sweet potato antistaling agents, but existing sweet potato is fresh-keeping
Using agriculture chemicals fungicide as main component, agriculture chemicals fungicide has certain toxicity for agent, and human body can be influenceed by, which remaining on sweet potato, is good for
Health；And sweet potato pathogenic bacteria easily develop immunity to drugs to agriculture chemicals fungicide, its fresh-keeping effect is not good enough.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to：For above-mentioned deficiency, the invention provides a kind of fresh-keeping storage side of sweet potato
Method.Storage of the present invention is without any chemical sterilization disinfectant, antistaling agent, without special canopy cellar for storing things and temperature adjustment, damping facility
Investment, economize on resources, the charcoal of storage is reusable, even if the charcoal for exiting storage also possess its original function and
Heat energy is worth, and cost is low and environmentally friendly, and storage phase is disease-free, and rotten phenomenon occurs, sweet potato storage time length, up to more than 12 months, in color
Pool, mouthfeel, in terms of nutrition with the basic indifference of new fresh sweet potatoes, maintain primary colors, the original flavor of sweet potato, and for human body non-hazardous,
Edible safety performance is high.The inventive method is simple to operate, of good preservation effect, fresh keeping time is long, cost is low, can reduce sweet potato grower's damage
Lose and avoid its pollution to environment again, can expand edible sweet potato colony, consumption figure increase, sweet potato value rises, sweet potato grower's income
Increase, social benefit is huge, both makes very big contribution beneficial to grain storage in the people or to alleviate the potential grain strategic security in China.
In order to achieve the above object, present invention employs following technical scheme：
A kind of fresh-keeping storage method of sweet potato, comprises the following steps：
（1）Sweet potato is screened：Select the new fresh sweet potatoes that surface soil is few, goes bad without small holes caused by worms, without damaged, nothing；
（2）Sweet potato dries：By step（1）Sweet potato be placed in ventilation, dry place dry 4~6d；
（3）Plant ash dries：Plant ash is placed in 2~4d of drying under sunlight；
（4）Plant ash and sweet potato mixing：By step（2）Wrap up in last layer step in the sweet potato surface dried（3）Dry plant ash；
（5）Storage：By step（4）Sweet potato and charcoal or bamboo charcoal be placed in 20~25 DEG C, room ventilation, natural humidity, nature
Mixed storage is stored under composition of air environment.
Further, in step（1）, after the completion of sweet potato primary election, even classification is carried out according to sweet potato size specification.
Further, in step（2）, the sunlit time is no more than 2h daily during the sweet potato drying.
Further, in step（5）, the 100kg sweet potato at least configures 6kg charcoals or bamboo charcoal, and potato, the distance of charcoal are small
In 30cm.
Further, in step（5）, reusable 3 years of described charcoal or bamboo charcoal, every year by the wood of reuse
Charcoal or bamboo charcoal activation once, use the charcoal or bamboo charcoal more renewed after 6 years.
Further, the activation method of the charcoal or bamboo charcoal is：Charcoal or bamboo charcoal are placed under sunlight be exposed to the sun 6~
8d。
Effect of the nine big functions of charcoal or bamboo charcoal in sweet potato stores is as follows in the present invention：
1st, adsorb：Harmful substance, the charcoals such as ethanol, methanol are discharged in sweet potato storage can adsorb removal in time, reach net
Change the effect of environmental protection sweet potato；
2nd, it is releasing far infrared：Far-infrared engergy produces resonance with the hydrone in sweet potato body, sweet potato human body is produced activity, reaches
To sweet potato constitution is strengthened, lifting sweet potato is freeze proof, disease-resistant rotten energy；
3. discharge anion：Anion energy disinfection, purify storage ambient；
4. release of trace elements：Sweet potato epidermis is conserved, promotes sweet potato to receive, self healing damaged is wiped during transportation, storage；
5. suppress microbial reproduction：Ensure sweet potato Storage period not by microbiological attack；
6. expelling parasite is sterilized：Ensure that sweet potato Storage period is not attacked by worm, bacterium；
7th, it is anti-oxidant：Regulate and control sweet potato speed of oxygen intake, suppress sweet potato top layer aging, protect sweet potato human body, strengthen sweet potato eating mouth feel；
8th, electrostatic screen and anti-electromagnetic radiation, the injury of electrostatic and electromagnetism to sweet potato storage phase can be mitigated；
9th, damping, temperature adjustment：High humidity moisture content in charcoal energy absorption air, moisture is discharged when drying；Charcoal can absorb when meeting photo-thermal
Heat, heat is discharged when cold.Have the function that damping, temperature adjustment.
In summary, the present invention has the positive effect that as a result of such scheme：
（1）Sweet potato surface of the present invention is wrapped up in using plant ash, and is mixed and put together with charcoal or bamboo charcoal, and storage need not
Any chemical sterilization disinfectant, antistaling agent, without special canopy cellar for storing things and temperature adjustment, the investment of damping facility, economize on resources, storage
Charcoal is reusable, even if the charcoal for exiting storage also possesses its original function and heat energy value, cost is low and environmentally friendly,
Rotten phenomenon that storage phase is disease-free occurs, sweet potato storage time length, up to more than 12 months, in terms of color and luster, mouthfeel, nutrition with it is fresh
The basic indifference of sweet potato, primary colors, the original flavor of sweet potato are maintained, and it is high for human body non-hazardous, edible safety performance.
（2）The invention belongs to function to store sweet potato, can purify storage ambient, greatly reduces sweet potato storage to environment
It is required that simplifying storage procedures, sweet potato is stored succinct, generalization, maintenance sweet potato top layer, repair the wiping of sweet potato top layer and damages, live
Change sweet potato internal water, strengthen the positive storage method of sweet potato human body, thoroughly change original passive obedience storage method,
Solve the difficult bottleneck problem of sweet potato long-term storage, sweet potato storage quality and time has been reached qualitative leap.
（3）The inventive method is simple to operate, of good preservation effect, fresh keeping time is long, cost is low, can reduce sweet potato grower's loss again
Its pollution to environment is avoided, can expand edible sweet potato colony, consumption figure increase, sweet potato value rises, sweet potato grower's revenue growth,
Social benefit is huge, both makes very big contribution beneficial to grain storage in the people or to alleviate the potential grain strategic security in China.
Embodiment
With reference to the embodiment storage method fresh-keeping to a kind of sweet potato of the present invention, it is described further.
Embodiment 1
A kind of fresh-keeping storage method of sweet potato, comprises the following steps：
（1）Sweet potato is screened：Select the new fresh sweet potatoes that surface soil is few, goes bad without small holes caused by worms, without damaged, nothing；After the completion of sweet potato primary election,
Even classification is carried out according to sweet potato size specification；
（2）Sweet potato dries：By step（1）Sweet potato be placed in ventilation, dry place dry 4d；During the sweet potato dries
The daily sunlit time is no more than 2h；
（3）Plant ash dries：Plant ash is placed under sunlight and dries 2d；
（4）Plant ash and sweet potato mixing：By step（2）Wrap up in last layer step in the sweet potato surface dried（3）Dry plant ash；
（5）Storage：By step（4）Sweet potato and charcoal or bamboo charcoal be placed in 20 DEG C, room ventilation, natural humidity, natural air
Mixed storage is stored under component environment；The 100kg sweet potato at least configures 6kg charcoals or bamboo charcoal, and potato, the distance of charcoal are less than
30cm；Reusable 3 years of described charcoal or bamboo charcoal, by the charcoal of reuse or bamboo charcoal activation once every year, makes
With the charcoal or bamboo charcoal more renewed after 6 years；The activation method of the charcoal or bamboo charcoal is：Charcoal or bamboo charcoal are placed in sun
Be exposed to the sun 6d under light.
Embodiment 2
A kind of fresh-keeping storage method of sweet potato, comprises the following steps：
（1）Sweet potato is screened：Select the new fresh sweet potatoes that surface soil is few, goes bad without small holes caused by worms, without damaged, nothing；After the completion of sweet potato primary election,
Even classification is carried out according to sweet potato size specification；
（2）Sweet potato dries：By step（1）Sweet potato be placed in ventilation, dry place dry 6d；During the sweet potato dries
The daily sunlit time is no more than 2h；
（3）Plant ash dries：Plant ash is placed under sunlight and dries 4d；
（4）Plant ash and sweet potato mixing：By step（2）Wrap up in last layer step in the sweet potato surface dried（3）Dry plant ash；
（5）Storage：By step（4）Sweet potato and charcoal or bamboo charcoal be placed in 25 DEG C, room ventilation, natural humidity, natural air
Mixed storage is stored under component environment；The 100kg sweet potato at least configures 6kg charcoals or bamboo charcoal, and potato, the distance of charcoal are less than
30cm；Reusable 3 years of described charcoal or bamboo charcoal, by the charcoal of reuse or bamboo charcoal activation once every year, makes
With the charcoal or bamboo charcoal more renewed after 6 years；The activation method of the charcoal or bamboo charcoal is：Charcoal or bamboo charcoal are placed in sun
Be exposed to the sun 8d under light.
Embodiment 3
A kind of fresh-keeping storage method of sweet potato, comprises the following steps：
（1）Sweet potato is screened：Select the new fresh sweet potatoes that surface soil is few, goes bad without small holes caused by worms, without damaged, nothing；After the completion of sweet potato primary election,
Even classification is carried out according to sweet potato size specification；
（2）Sweet potato dries：By step（1）Sweet potato be placed in ventilation, dry place dry 5d；During the sweet potato dries
The daily sunlit time is no more than 2h；
（3）Plant ash dries：Plant ash is placed under sunlight and dries 3d；
（4）Plant ash and sweet potato mixing：By step（2）Wrap up in last layer step in the sweet potato surface dried（3）Dry plant ash；
（5）Storage：By step（4）Sweet potato and charcoal or bamboo charcoal be placed in 23 DEG C, room ventilation, natural humidity, natural air
Mixed storage is stored under component environment；The 100kg sweet potato at least configures 6kg charcoals or bamboo charcoal, and potato, the distance of charcoal are less than
30cm；Reusable 3 years of described charcoal or bamboo charcoal, by the charcoal of reuse or bamboo charcoal activation once every year, makes
With the charcoal or bamboo charcoal more renewed after 6 years；The activation method of the charcoal or bamboo charcoal is：Charcoal or bamboo charcoal are placed in sun
Be exposed to the sun 7d under light.
Embodiment 4
Indoor storage is tested
Test address：The laboratory of 3 building, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Guangxi National Univ. science and engineering building is carried out, and interior is without warm, wet control facility.
By sweet potato and charcoal under natural humidity, composition of air environment under the conditions of mixed storage in address above mentioned (temperature become
It is 1 DEG C~26 DEG C to change scope), 100 kilograms of sweet potato configure 6 kilograms of charcoals, and potato, charcoal distance are less than 30 centimetres, separately to be not added with
Charcoal is check experiment.Experimental result is as shown in table 1.
The indoor storage of table 1 is tested
It is as shown in table 2 to test low temperature condition.
Table 2 tests low temperature condition
| Time | Less than 10 DEG C number of days | Wherein less than 16 DEG C number of days | The lowest temperature（℃） |
| 2013.10—2014.10 | 15 | 59 | 5 |
| 2014.10—2015.10 | 16 | 52 | 6 |
| 2015.10—2016.10 | 13 | 65 | 4 |
From above experimental data, configuration charcoal storage sweet potato is reliable, safe, long-acting.
In summary, sweet potato surface of the present invention is wrapped up in using plant ash, and is mixed and put together with charcoal or bamboo charcoal, storage
Tibetan process, without special canopy cellar for storing things and temperature adjustment, the investment of damping facility, saves money without any chemical sterilization disinfectant, antistaling agent
Source, the charcoal of storage is reusable, even if the charcoal for exiting storage also possesses its original function and heat energy value, into
This is low and environmentally friendly, and storage phase is disease-free, and rotten phenomenon occurs, sweet potato storage time length, up to more than 12 months, in color and luster, mouthfeel, battalion
Aspect and the basic indifference of new fresh sweet potatoes are supported, maintains primary colors, the original flavor of sweet potato, and for human body non-hazardous, edible safety
Can be high.The invention belongs to function to store sweet potato, can purify storage ambient, greatly reduces requirement of the sweet potato storage to environment,
Storage procedures are simplified, sweet potato is stored succinct, generalization, maintenance sweet potato top layer, repairs the wiping of sweet potato top layer and damages, activation sweet potato
Internal water, strengthen the positive storage method of sweet potato human body, thoroughly change original passive obedience storage method, solve
The difficult bottleneck problem of sweet potato long-term storage, makes sweet potato storage quality and time reach qualitative leap.The inventive method operates
Simply, it is of good preservation effect, fresh keeping time is long, cost is low, can reduce sweet potato grower loss and avoid its pollution to environment, food can be made
With sweet potato colony expand, consumption figure increase, sweet potato value rise, sweet potato grower's revenue growth, social benefit is huge, both beneficial to grain storage in
The people also make very big contribution to alleviate the potential grain strategic security in China.
The preferred embodiment of invention is the foregoing is only, is not intended to limit the invention, all spirit in the present invention
Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., it should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (6)
1. the fresh-keeping storage method of a kind of sweet potato, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
（1）Sweet potato is screened：Select the new fresh sweet potatoes that surface soil is few, goes bad without small holes caused by worms, without damaged, nothing；
（2）Sweet potato dries：By step（1）Sweet potato be placed in ventilation, dry place dry 4~6d；
（3）Plant ash dries：Plant ash is placed in 2~4d of drying under sunlight；
（4）Plant ash and sweet potato mixing：By step（2）Wrap up in last layer step in the sweet potato surface dried（3）Dry plant ash；
（5）Storage：By step（4）Sweet potato and charcoal or bamboo charcoal be placed in 20~25 DEG C, room ventilation, natural humidity, nature
Mixed storage is stored under composition of air environment.
A kind of 2. fresh-keeping storage method of sweet potato according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step（1）, sweet potato primary election
After the completion of, carry out even classification according to sweet potato size specification.
A kind of 3. fresh-keeping storage method of sweet potato according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step（2）, the sweet potato
The daily sunlit time is no more than 2h during drying.
A kind of 4. fresh-keeping storage method of sweet potato according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step（5）, it is described
100kg sweet potato at least configures 6kg charcoals or bamboo charcoal, and potato, the distance of charcoal are less than 30cm.
A kind of 5. fresh-keeping storage method of sweet potato according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step（5）, every year will weight
The charcoal or bamboo charcoal activation used again once, uses the charcoal or bamboo charcoal more renewed after 6 years.
A kind of 6. fresh-keeping storage method of sweet potato according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The charcoal or bamboo charcoal
Activation method is：Charcoal or bamboo charcoal are placed under sunlight the 6~8d that is exposed to the sun.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110679231A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-01-14 | 巢湖春友种业科技有限公司 | Novel process for ensuring germination rate and drying of sweet potatoes |
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