CN110107642B - 一种气液弹簧组合式吸振器 - Google Patents

一种气液弹簧组合式吸振器 Download PDF

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CN110107642B
CN110107642B CN201910455984.5A CN201910455984A CN110107642B CN 110107642 B CN110107642 B CN 110107642B CN 201910455984 A CN201910455984 A CN 201910455984A CN 110107642 B CN110107642 B CN 110107642B
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gas
memory alloy
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CN110107642A (zh
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陈瑾
傅博
吴涛
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Changan University
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/005Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a wound spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
    • F16F13/007Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a wound spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/04Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
    • F16F13/06Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/08Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/14Units of the bushing type, i.e. loaded predominantly radially
    • F16F13/1409Units of the bushing type, i.e. loaded predominantly radially characterised by buffering features or stoppers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/04Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
    • F16F13/06Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/08Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/14Units of the bushing type, i.e. loaded predominantly radially
    • F16F13/1481Units of the bushing type, i.e. loaded predominantly radially characterised by features of plastic springs, e.g. presence of cavities or stiffeners; characterised by features of flexible walls of equilibration chambers, i.e. membranes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • F16F13/04Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
    • F16F13/06Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
    • F16F13/20Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper characterised by comprising also a pneumatic spring
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2222/00Special physical effects, e.g. nature of damping effects
    • F16F2222/12Fluid damping
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2222/00Special physical effects, e.g. nature of damping effects
    • F16F2222/12Fluid damping
    • F16F2222/126Fluid damping using gases
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2224/00Materials; Material properties
    • F16F2224/02Materials; Material properties solids
    • F16F2224/0258Shape-memory metals, e.g. Ni-Ti alloys
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2224/00Materials; Material properties
    • F16F2224/04Fluids
    • F16F2224/046Fluids pneumatic
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2224/00Materials; Material properties
    • F16F2224/04Fluids
    • F16F2224/048High viscosity, semi-solid pastiness

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种气液弹簧组合式吸振器,包括主缸体、记忆合金弹簧、连接板;主缸体的顶部向上凸起形成气室,气室内活动设置有封气活塞;主缸体靠近外侧周向均布有多个活塞缸,每个活塞缸的底部与主缸体内部相通;每个活塞缸内设置有一个工作活塞,工作活塞上设置有上下贯通的节流孔,工作活塞的上端连接有活塞杆,每个活塞杆的上端与所述连接板的下表面连接;每个工作活塞的下表面与主缸体的底板分别连接记忆合金弹簧的上下两端;气室内填充压缩气体,气室外的主缸体内填充减振液。本发明气液弹簧组合式吸振器采用气液弹簧和记忆合金弹簧,在快速压力下具有高效、优良的吸振、减振能力。

Description

一种气液弹簧组合式吸振器
技术领域
本发明涉及减振吸振领域,具体涉及一种气液弹簧组合式吸振器。
背景技术
目前绝大部分减振装置具有较强的机械振动和噪音,这些振动和噪声会对设备产生不利的影响,甚至缩短设备的使用寿命。因此,急需一种能够在快速压力下发挥高效能吸振能力减振装置,来满足特殊环境下的减振降噪需求。
发明内容
为解决以上技术问题,本发明的主要目的是提供一种气液弹簧组合式吸振器,能够在快速压力下发挥高效的吸振、减振能力。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案予以解决。
一种气液弹簧组合式吸振器,包括主缸体、记忆合金弹簧、连接板;所述主缸体的顶部向上凸起形成气室,所述气室内活动设置有封气活塞;所述主缸体靠近外侧周向均布有多个活塞缸,每个所述活塞缸的底部与所述主缸体内部相通;每个所述活塞缸内设置有一个工作活塞,所述工作活塞上设置有上下贯通的节流孔,所述工作活塞的上端连接有活塞杆,所述活塞杆伸出所述活塞缸的顶部,每个所述活塞杆的上端与所述连接板的下表面连接;每个所述工作活塞的下表面与主缸体的底板分别连接记忆合金弹簧的上下两端;所述气室内填充压缩气体,所述气室外的主缸体内填充减振液。
进一步地,所述工作活塞为复合弹簧,所述复合弹簧包含橡胶和包覆在橡胶内部的金属弹簧,所述复合弹簧设置有上下贯通的节流孔。
进一步地,还包括浮块,所述记忆合金弹簧包含上记忆合金弹簧和下记忆合金弹簧;所述上记忆合金弹簧的上下两端分别连接所述活塞的下表面和浮块的上表面,所述下记忆合金弹簧的上下两端分别连接所述浮块的下表面和主缸体底板的上表面。
进一步地,所述活塞杆上靠近工作活塞一端设置有螺旋叶片,所述螺旋叶片的高度小于所述活塞杆处于所述活塞缸中的长度。
进一步地,所述上记忆合金弹簧和/或下记忆合金弹簧的个数不少于一个。
进一步地,每个所述活塞缸中浮块的个数不少于一个。
进一步地,所述压缩气体为氮气。
进一步地,所述减振液为硅油。
进一步地,所述气室的底部设置有导液板,所述导液板的中心设置有通孔。
本发明气液弹簧组合式吸振器采用气液弹簧和记忆合金弹簧,在快速压力下具有高效、优良的吸振、减振能力。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明气液弹簧组合式吸振器一种实施例的立体示意图;
图2为本发明气液弹簧组合式吸振器一种实施例在A处的纵向剖面图;
在以上图中:1主缸体;101气室;2记忆合金弹簧;201上记忆合金弹簧;202下记忆合金弹簧;3连接板;4封气活塞;5活塞缸;6工作活塞;601节流孔;602橡胶;603金属弹簧;7活塞杆;701螺旋叶片;8浮块;9导液板;901通孔。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更为明显易懂,下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。
在以下描述中阐述了具体细节以便于充分理解本发明。但是本发明能够以多种不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施,本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似推广。因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施方式的限制。
参考图1和图2,一种气液弹簧组合式吸振器,包括主缸体1、记忆合金弹簧2、连接板3;所述主缸体1的顶部向上凸起形成气室101,所述气室101内活动设置有封气活塞4;所述主缸体1靠近外侧周向均布有多个活塞缸5,每个所述活塞缸5的底部与所述主缸体1内部相通;每个所述活塞缸5内设置有一个工作活塞6,所述工作活塞6上设置有上下贯通的节流孔601,所述工作活塞6的上端连接有活塞杆7,所述活塞杆7伸出所述活塞缸5的顶部,每个所述活塞杆7的上端与所述连接板3的下表面连接;每个所述工作活塞6的下表面与主缸体1的底板分别连接记忆合金弹簧2的上下两端;所述气室101内填充压缩气体,所述气室101外的主缸体1内填充减振液。
以上实施例中,主缸体1向上凸起形成气室101,在气室101内活动设置可以上下移动的封气活塞4,在气室101内填充压缩气体。封气活塞4的另一侧填充减振液。由于记忆合金弹簧2具有形状记忆效应,给记忆合金弹簧2加热,记忆合金弹簧2立即伸长,温度降低,记忆合金弹簧2立即恢复原状。因此,当连接板3没有压力时,减振液温度较低,记忆合金弹簧2较短。一方面,当连接板3上部接受到向下的快速压力时,活塞杆7向下运动,带动工作活塞6向下运动,减振液流经工作活塞6上的节流孔601时摩擦耗能,导致减振液温度升高,将热量传导给浸入其中的记忆合金弹簧2,记忆合金弹簧2受热伸长,抵抗向下运动的工作活塞6。另一方面,快速压力来的突然,来不及移动到活塞上部的减振液挤压封气活塞4,封气活塞4向上移动使气室101容积变小,气室101中的气体反作用于于封气活塞4进行耗能。第三方面,减振液的温度上升,将热量传递给主缸体1,主缸体1温度上升,气室101中的气体受热膨胀,进一步反作用于封气活塞4进行耗能减振。
进一步地,所述活塞为复合弹簧,所述复合弹簧包含橡胶602和包覆在橡胶602内部的金属弹簧603,所述复合弹簧设置有上下贯通的节流孔601。
以上实施例中,优选的,活塞为复合弹簧,复合弹簧全称为橡胶602金属螺旋复合弹簧,是在金属螺旋弹簧周围包裹一层橡胶602材料复合硫化而成的一种弹簧。复合弹簧的顶部受到向下的快速压力,底部受到减振液向上的压力,同时挤压复合弹簧。金属弹簧603和橡胶602都是较好的减振材料,复合弹簧集金属弹簧603和橡胶602的优点于一体,其减振、吸振能力更优。
进一步地,还包括浮块8,所述记忆合金弹簧2包含上记忆合金弹簧201和下记忆合金弹簧202;所述上记忆合金弹簧201的上下两端分别连接所述活塞的下表面和浮块8的上表面,所述下记忆合金弹簧202的上下两端分别连接所述浮块8的下表面和主缸体1底板的上表面。
以上实施例中,在工作活塞6的下部通过上记忆合金弹簧201和下记忆合金弹簧202浮动连接了浮块8,当减振液运动中,带动浮块8上下运动,可以进一步耗能,提高减振、吸振效果。实际中,浮块8可选用密度较大的金属材料制成,其耗能效果更优。
进一步地,所述活塞杆7上靠近工作活塞6一端设置有螺旋叶片701,所述螺旋叶片701的高度小于所述活塞杆7处于所述活塞缸5中的长度。
以上实施例中,活塞杆7靠近工作活塞6的一端设置有螺旋叶片701,具体地,螺旋叶片701的高度与工作活塞6上行程之和须小于无压力时活塞杆7处于活塞缸5中的长度。当活塞杆7上下运动时,螺旋叶片701带动减振液上下运动,螺旋叶片701面积大,增大了与减振液的接触面积,加大了减振液与螺旋叶片701的摩擦耗能。
进一步地,每个所述活塞缸5中浮块8的个数不少于一个。
以上实施例中,可以设置多个浮块8进一步的增大耗能,增强减振。
进一步地,所述上记忆合金弹簧201和/或下记忆合金弹簧202的个数不少于一个。
以上实施例中,为了增强减振器的减振、吸振效果,连接浮块8的上记忆合金弹簧201或下记忆合金弹簧202的数量不限于一个。当然,也可以通过设置多组浮块8上下连接上记忆合金弹簧201和下记忆合金弹簧202的方式。
进一步地,所述压缩气体为氮气。
以上实施例中,封气活塞4与主缸体1的顶板之间的气室101中填充氮气,实际中,也可以根据情况选择其他惰性气体。
进一步地,所述减振液为硅油。
以上实施例中,主缸体1内通常填充阻尼效果较好的硅油。
进一步地,所述气室101的底部设置有导液板9,所述导液板9的中心设置有通孔901。
以上实施例中,在气室101的底部设置中心带通孔901的导液板9,减振液汇集后可均匀平衡地推挤封气活塞4。
虽然,本说明书中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种气液弹簧组合式吸振器,其特征在于,包括主缸体(1)、记忆合金弹簧(2)、连接板(3);
所述主缸体(1)的顶部向上凸起形成气室(101),所述气室(101)内活动设置有封气活塞(4);
所述主缸体(1)靠近外侧周向均布有多个活塞缸(5),每个所述活塞缸(5)的底部与所述主缸体(1)内部相通;
每个所述活塞缸(5)内设置有一个工作活塞(6),所述工作活塞(6)上设置有上下贯通的节流孔(601),所述工作活塞(6)的上端连接有活塞杆(7),所述活塞杆(7)伸出所述活塞缸(5)的顶部,每个所述活塞杆(7)的上端与所述连接板(3)的下表面连接;
所述活塞杆(7)上靠近工作活塞(6)一端设置有螺旋叶片(701),所述螺旋叶片(701)的高度小于所述活塞杆(7)处于所述活塞缸(5)中的长度;
每个所述工作活塞(6)的下表面与主缸体(1)的底板分别连接记忆合金弹簧(2)的上下两端;
所述气室(101)内填充压缩气体,所述气室(101)外的主缸体(1)内填充减振液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的气液弹簧组合式吸振器,其特征在于,所述工作活塞(6)为复合弹簧,所述复合弹簧包含橡胶(602)和包覆在橡胶(602)内部的金属弹簧(603),所述复合弹簧设置有上下贯通的节流孔(601)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的气液弹簧组合式吸振器,其特征在于,还包括浮块(8),所述记忆合金弹簧(2)包含上记忆合金弹簧(201)和下记忆合金弹簧(202);所述上记忆合金弹簧(201)的上下两端分别连接所述工作活塞(6)的下表面和浮块(8)的上表面,所述下记忆合金弹簧(202)的上下两端分别连接所述浮块(8)的下表面和主缸体(1)底板的上表面。
4.根据权利要求3所述的气液弹簧组合式吸振器,其特征在于,所述上记忆合金弹簧(201)和/或下记忆合金弹簧(202)的个数不少于一个。
5.根据权利要求3所述的气液弹簧组合式吸振器,其特征在于,每个所述活塞缸(5)中浮块(8)的个数不少于一个。
6.根据权利要求1所述的气液弹簧组合式吸振器,其特征在于,所述压缩气体为氮气。
7.根据权利要求1所述的气液弹簧组合式吸振器,其特征在于,所述减振液为硅油。
8.根据权利要求1所述的气液弹簧组合式吸振器,其特征在于,所述气室(101)的底部设置有导液板(9),所述导液板(9)的中心设置有通孔(901)。
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