CN110092726A - 一种Bictegravir中间体的合成方法 - Google Patents
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C213/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种Bictegravir中间体的合成方法,起始原料3‑羰基环戊羧酸(式Ⅰ)在酶的条件下,发生不对称还原反应,生成(3R)‑3‑羟基环戊烷羧酸(式Ⅱ);式Ⅱ与叠氮磷酸二苯酯(DPPA)发生重排合环反应,生成(1R,5S)‑2‑氧‑4‑氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷‑3‑酮(式Ⅲ);式Ⅲ在盐酸中水解,直接得到Bictegravir中间体(1R,3S)‑3‑氨基环戊醇盐酸盐。本发明所用原料价廉易得,成本低;反应选择性高,副产物少,收率高,总收率达63.5%;本发明反应路线短,缩短了生产周期,减少了三废排放,同时避免了氢气加压还原和格氏试剂反应,安全环保,适合工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药化学领域,具体涉及Bictegravir中间体(1R,3S)-3-氨基环戊醇盐酸盐的合成方法。
背景技术
Bictegravir是吉利德科学公司研发的抗艾滋病新药,属于HIV整合酶抑制剂。2018年2月,艾滋病鸡尾酒疗法新药Biktarvy(Bictegravir50mg+Emtricitabine200mg+Tenofovir Alafenamide 25mg)上市。EvaluatePharma预计2022年Biktarvy的销售额将达到43亿美元。
Bictegravir化学结构式如下:
Bictegravir原料药的合成工艺中涉及到中间体(1R,3S)-3-氨基环戊醇盐酸盐的合成。吉利德公司专利WO2015195656公开了一种(1R,3S)-3-氨基环戊醇盐酸盐的合成方法,化学反应路线如下:
该方法以(-)-文斯内酯为初始原料,首先以钯炭为催化剂进行加氢还原生成(1S,4R)-2-氮杂双环[2,2,1]庚烷-3-酮;(1S,4R)-2-氮杂双环[2,2,1]庚烷-3-酮用二叔丁基二碳酸酯进行Boc保护,得到(1S,4R)-3-氧代-2-氮杂双环[2.2.1]庚烷-2-羧酸叔丁酯;后者与格氏试剂甲基溴化镁进行加成反应,生成(1S,3R)-1-(3-叔丁氧羰基氨基环戊基)-1-乙酮;后者用间氯过氧化苯甲酸氧化,生成(1R,3S)-3-(叔丁氧羰基氨基)环戊醇乙酸酯;(1R,3S)-3-(叔丁氧羰基氨基)环戊醇乙酸酯在氢氧化钠水溶液中水解得到(1R,3S)-3-(叔丁氧羰基氨基)环戊醇;(1R,3S)-3-(叔丁氧羰基氨基)环戊醇乙酸酯脱Boc保护并与L-扁桃酸成盐进行结晶以提高手性纯度,然后与氯化氢成盐生成(1R,3S)-3-氨基环戊醇盐酸盐。该合成方法存在以下不足:(1)手性(-)-文斯内酯由文斯内酯化学拆分制得,价格昂贵;(2)反应需要用到钯炭催化加氢和格氏试剂,对设备和人员操作要求高,生产成本高;(3)反应路线长,收率低,废水,废渣产生量大。
中国专利文献CN201810503486公开了一种(1R,3S)-3-氨基环戊醇盐酸盐的制备方法,但此方法只是对吉利德公司专利WO2015195656合成路线中其中一步的氧化剂进行了改进,对整个合成路线无大的创新;中国专利文献CN201810336724公开了用于制备bictegravir的中间体及其制备方法,此方法对WO2015195656进行了一定的创新,但同样还具有路线长,收率低,生产成本高的的缺点。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种Bictegravir中间体(1R,3S)-3-氨基环戊醇盐酸盐的合成方法。
术语说明:
式Ⅰ化合物:3-羰基环戊羧酸,具有式Ⅰ所示的结构;
式Ⅱ化合物:(3R)-3-羟基环戊烷羧酸,具有式Ⅱ所示的结构;
式Ⅲ化合物:(1R,5S)-2-氧-4-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-3-酮,具有式Ⅲ所示的结构;
Enzyme:酶,在本发明中包括羰基还原酶,氧化还原辅酶和氧化还原辅酶再生需要的脱氢酶;
DPPA:叠氮磷酸二苯酯。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种Bictegravir中间体(1R,3S)-3-氨基环戊醇盐酸盐的合成方法,以3-羰基环戊羧酸为起始原料,包括步骤:
(1)于溶剂A中,在酶和辅酶再生体系存在下,使3-羰基环戊羧酸(式Ⅰ)发生不对称还原反应,生成(3R)-3-羟基环戊烷羧酸(式Ⅱ);
(2)在溶剂B中,(3R)-3-羟基环戊烷羧酸(式Ⅱ)与叠氮磷酸二苯酯(DPPA)发生重排合环反应,生成(1R,5S)-2-氧-4-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-3-酮(式Ⅲ);
(3)(1R,5S)-2-氧-4-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-3-酮(式Ⅲ)在盐酸中水解,得到Bictegravir中间体(1R,3S)-3-氨基环戊醇盐酸盐。
根据本发明优选的,步骤(1)中,所述溶剂A为0.1mol/L pH为6.5-7的磷酸盐缓冲液;反应温度为23-28℃;
根据本发明优选的,步骤(1)中,所述酶为羰基还原酶和氧化型辅酶NAD+;质量用量羰基还原酶为式Ⅰ的0.2倍量,氧化型辅酶NAD+为式Ⅰ的0.1倍量;
根据本发明优选的,步骤(1)中,所述辅酶再生体系为葡萄糖和葡萄糖脱氢酶;质量用量葡萄糖为氧化型辅酶NAD+的5倍量,葡萄糖脱氢酶为氧化型辅酶NAD+的1倍量;
根据本发明优选的,步骤(2)中,所述溶剂B为甲苯或乙腈;反应温度为70-80℃;摩尔用量叠氮磷酸二苯酯为式Ⅱ的1.1倍量;
根据本发明优选的,步骤(3)中,所述盐酸浓度为4mol/L,反应温度为95-100℃。
以上各步骤的产物需要分离后处理,均按现有技术即可。优选的后处理方法见实施例。
本发明Bictegravir中间体(1R,3S)-3-氨基环戊醇盐酸盐的合成方法,起始原料3-羰基环戊羧酸(式Ⅰ)在酶的条件下,发生不对称还原反应,生成(3R)-3-羟基环戊烷羧酸(式Ⅱ);(3R)-3-羟基环戊烷羧酸(式Ⅱ)与叠氮磷酸二苯酯(DPPA)发生重排合环反应,生成(1R,5S)-2-氧-4-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-3-酮(式Ⅲ);(1R,5S)-2-氧-4-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-3-酮(式Ⅲ)在盐酸中水解,直接得到Bictegravir中间体(1R,3S)-3-氨基环戊醇盐酸盐;该化合物是制备Bictegravir的关键中间体,可用于制备Bictegravir原料药。
本发明上述制备方法中所涉及的合成路线如下:
本发明的有益效果:
本发明的核心创新之处在化合物Ⅱ结构中的羧基和叠氮磷酸二苯酯(DPPA)首先发生重排反应生成异氰酸酯中间态,异氰酸酯中间态直接与化合物Ⅱ结构中的羟基发生闭环反应,同时利用羟基的手性产生手性诱导作用使氨基具备手性,避免了化学拆分,大大提高的整个合成路线的收率。
本发明所用原料价廉易得,成本低;反应选择性高,副产物少,反应稳定可控,收率高,总收率达63.5%,ee值97%以上;本发明反应路线短,缩短了生产周期,减少了三废排放,同时避免了氢气加压还原和格氏试剂反应,安全环保,适合工业化生产。
附图说明
附图1为(1R,5S)-2-氧-4-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-3-酮的核磁氢谱;
附图2为(1R,3S)-3-氨基环戊醇盐酸盐的核磁氢谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明,但不限于此。所有实施例中收率都是摩尔收率。
实施例1:(3R)-3-羟基环戊烷羧酸(式Ⅱ)的制备
1L反应瓶中加入500ml 0.1mol/L的磷酸盐缓冲液(pH=6.7),3-羰基环戊羧酸50g,搅拌使完全溶解。再加入羰基还原酶10g,辅酶NAD+5g,葡萄糖25g,葡萄糖脱氢酶5g。体系于25℃反应,搅拌反应24小时。将体系用20g硅藻土过滤,水相用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,每次用量200ml。乙酸乙酯相用无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,得到浅黄色油状物52.2g。ee值≥98.5%,收率102.8%。
ESI-MS 129.1(M-1)。
实施例2:(1R,5S)-2-氧-4-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-3-酮的制备
1L反应瓶中加入甲苯400ml,(3R)-3-羟基环戊烷羧酸50g,叠氮磷酸二苯酯116.2g,升温至70-80℃反应10小时。将反应体系降温至30℃以下,加入300ml 10%碳酸钠水溶液搅拌30分钟,分液,甲苯相再加入300ml 10%碳酸钠水溶液搅拌30分钟,再次分液后合并水相,水相用400ml甲苯萃取,合并甲苯相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压缩干甲苯得到棕褐色固体48.3g。48.3g棕褐色固体用150ml乙腈重结晶,得到浅黄色固体31.6g。ee值≥97%,收率64.8%。ESI-MS 128.1(M+1)。
1H-NMR
(500MHz,DMSO)δ5.00(m,1H),4.10(p,1H),3.41(hept,1H),2.08(ddd,1H),1.90(dq,1H),1.65(m,4H)。
产物(1R,5S)-2-氧-4-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-3-酮的核磁氢谱见附图1。
实施例3:(1R,3S)-3-氨基环戊醇盐酸盐的制备
500ml反应瓶中加入4mol/L盐酸盐200ml,(1R,5S)-2-氧-4-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-3-酮20g,升温至回流反应,反应5小时。降温后减压浓缩,基本缩干后加入200ml纯净水,再加入3g活性炭室温下搅拌2小时脱色。过滤,滤液减压蒸干,再加入200ml甲苯减压浓缩,带走产品中剩余的水。最后得到的固体中加入100ml乙腈,充分搅拌,过滤后固体烘干,得到白色固体20.7g。ee值≥97%,收率95.4%。合成路线总收率63.5%。ESI-MS 102.1(M+1)。
1H-NMR(500MHz,D2O)
δ4.29(m,1H),3.64(tt,1H),2.17(m,1H),2.07(m,1H),1.77(m,3H),1.62(dt,1H)。
终产物(1R,3S)-3-氨基环戊醇盐酸盐的核磁氢谱见附图2。
Claims (7)
1.一种Bictegravir中间体(1R,3S)-3-氨基环戊醇盐酸盐的合成方法,以3-羰基环戊羧酸为起始原料,包括步骤:
(1)于溶剂A中,在酶和辅酶再生体系存在下,使3-羰基环戊羧酸(式Ⅰ)发生不对称还原反应,生成(3R)-3-羟基环戊烷羧酸(式Ⅱ);
(2)在溶剂B中,(3R)-3-羟基环戊烷羧酸(式Ⅱ)与叠氮磷酸二苯酯(DPPA)发生重排合环反应,生成(1R,5S)-2-氧-4-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-3-酮(式Ⅲ);
(3)(1R,5S)-2-氧-4-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-3-酮(式Ⅲ)在盐酸中水解,得到Bictegravir中间体(1R,3S)-3-氨基环戊醇盐酸盐。
2.如权利要求1所述的Bictegravir中间体(1R,3S)-3-氨基环戊醇盐酸盐的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述溶剂A为0.1mol/L pH为6.5-7的磷酸盐缓冲液;反应温度为23-28℃。
3.如权利要求1所述的Bictegravir中间体(1R,3S)-3-氨基环戊醇盐酸盐的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述酶为羰基还原酶和氧化型辅酶NAD+;质量用量羰基还原酶为式Ⅰ的0.2倍量,氧化型辅酶NAD+为式Ⅰ的0.1倍量。
4.如权利要求1所述的Bictegravir中间体(1R,3S)-3-氨基环戊醇盐酸盐的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述辅酶再生体系为葡萄糖和葡萄糖脱氢酶;质量用量葡萄糖为氧化型辅酶NAD+的5倍量,葡萄糖脱氢酶为氧化型辅酶NAD+的1倍量。
5.如权利要求1所述的Bictegravir中间体(1R,3S)-3-氨基环戊醇盐酸盐的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述溶剂B为甲苯或乙腈;反应温度为70-80℃;摩尔用量叠氮磷酸二苯酯为式Ⅱ的1.1倍量。
6.如权利要求1所述的Bictegravir中间体(1R,3S)-3-氨基环戊醇盐酸盐的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述盐酸浓度为4mol/L,反应温度为95-100℃。
7.如权利要求1所述的Bictegravir中间体(1R,3S)-3-氨基环戊醇盐酸盐的合成方法,包括步骤:
(1)向1L反应瓶中加入500ml0.1mol/L pH=6.7的磷酸盐缓冲液,3-羰基环戊羧酸50g,搅拌使完全溶解;再加入羰基还原酶10g,辅酶NAD+5g,葡萄糖25g,葡萄糖脱氢酶5g,体系于25℃反应,搅拌反应24小时;将体系用20g硅藻土过滤,水相用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,每次用量200ml;乙酸乙酯相用无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,得到浅黄色油状物(3R)-3-羟基环戊烷羧酸;
(2)向1L反应瓶中加入甲苯400ml,(3R)-3-羟基环戊烷羧酸50g,叠氮磷酸二苯酯116.2g,升温至70-80℃反应10小时;将反应体系降温至30℃以下,加入300ml10%碳酸钠水溶液搅拌30分钟,分液,甲苯相再加入300ml10%碳酸钠水溶液搅拌30分钟,再次分液后合并水相,水相用400ml甲苯萃取,合并甲苯相,用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压缩干甲苯得到棕褐色固体48.3g,48.3g棕褐色固体用150ml乙腈重结晶,得到浅黄色固体(1R,5S)-2-氧-4-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-3-酮;
(3)向500ml反应瓶中加入4mol/L盐酸盐200ml,(1R,5S)-2-氧-4-氮杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-3-酮20g,升温至回流反应,反应5小时;降温后减压浓缩,基本缩干后加入200ml纯净水,再加入3g活性炭室温下搅拌2小时脱色;过滤,滤液减压蒸干,再加入200ml甲苯减压浓缩,带走剩余的水;最后得到的固体中加入100ml乙腈,充分搅拌,过滤后固体烘干,得到白色固体(1R,3S)-3-氨基环戊醇盐酸盐。
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