CN110079223A - 一种高粘附、低透水的光伏电池组件封装用eva胶膜 - Google Patents

一种高粘附、低透水的光伏电池组件封装用eva胶膜 Download PDF

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CN110079223A
CN110079223A CN201910402421.XA CN201910402421A CN110079223A CN 110079223 A CN110079223 A CN 110079223A CN 201910402421 A CN201910402421 A CN 201910402421A CN 110079223 A CN110079223 A CN 110079223A
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Abstract

本发明涉及EVA胶膜制备技术领域,且公开了一种高粘附、低透水的光伏电池组件封装用EVA胶膜,包括:10~15份聚乙烯醇、3~8份微米级聚四氟乙烯超细粉、1~2份纳米二氧化钛颗粒、1~2份分散剂与0.5~1份防沉剂、70~100份EVA树脂颗粒、2~5份引发剂、0.5~2份促进剂、4~8份硅烷偶联剂、0.5~1份紫外光吸收剂、0.5~1份抗氧剂1010;将上述聚四氟乙烯超细粉与纳米二氧化钛颗粒,在分散剂与防沉剂的共同作用下,均匀分散在聚乙烯醇中,即得到防水增粘组分,并将该防水增粘组分掺杂到EVA树脂中,制备得到EVA胶膜。本发明解决了目前EVA胶膜,在有效提高胶膜与玻璃之间的粘附力的同时,无法有效提高胶膜阻水性的技术问题。

Description

一种高粘附、低透水的光伏电池组件封装用EVA胶膜
技术领域
本发明涉及EVA胶膜制备技术领域,具体为一种高粘附、低透水的光伏电池组件封装用EVA胶膜。
背景技术
用于封装太阳能电池的材料需要具有令人满意的透明度,从而提高发电效率;其次,封装材料与电池元件和连接线路的热膨胀性能差异要尽可能小,否则会导致电池片开裂、线路开裂、封装材料剥离和开裂。另外,封装材料必须能够将具有不同膨胀系数的电池材料协调组装而且自身又不发生断裂破坏。因此,封装材料必须是低模量弹性体。
乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)是一种热塑性高分子材料,是线性分子结构,成本低,易于加工使用,具有高透光率、高介电常数、低水汽透过和吸水性、优良的粘附性能和力学性能,以及优良的抗紫外光和热氧老化性能,并具有一定的化学惰性。目前EVA已经成为太阳能电池封装工艺中最常用的材料。
虽然EVA已经成为太阳能电池最常用的封装材料,但是还存在一些可靠性方面的风险,EVA与玻璃的粘结是靠乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯中的氢键成分与玻璃产生作用力,达到粘合的目的,这种力比较弱,通常只有30N/cm,与玻璃的粘附力不够大,在长期使用后存在损失甚至出现EVA胶膜与玻璃分离的风险。为了解决这个问题,通常增加粘附力的方法是在EVA中添一种粘附力促进剂,这样可以使EVA胶膜与玻璃的粘附力达到80N/cm以上,但是胶膜在长期湿热老化后,仍然存在粘附力明显降低的弊端,尤其对于一些边缘封装不是很好的组件,容易在边缘粘附力低的地方形成通道,造成组件短路,最终导致报废。因此,EVA胶膜粘附力降低的问题是目前急需要解决的。
授权公告号为CN102911611B的发明专利公开了一种太阳能电池组件封装用EVA胶膜,通过采用含有-CnH2n-Si-(OCmH2m+1)3支链结构的粘附力促进高聚物,并将其控制在高聚物伯碳、仲碳或者叔碳原子上,来提高胶膜与玻璃之间的粘附力,该EVA胶膜在长期湿热老化后,仍然具有优异的粘附作用力,解决了胶膜在长期湿热老化后的粘附力明显降低问题。但是上述发明专利在提高胶膜与玻璃之间的粘附力的同时,-CnH2n-Si-(OCmH2m+1)3支链结构中含有的硅氧键会对水分子进行吸附,在长期湿热环境的使用中,胶膜的阻水性能将会具有较大程度的降低。
本发明提供一种高粘附、低透水的光伏电池组件封装用EVA胶膜,旨在解决目前EVA胶膜,在有效提高胶膜与玻璃之间的粘附力的同时,无法有效提高胶膜阻水性的技术问题。
发明内容
(一)解决的技术问题
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种高粘附、低透水的光伏电池组件封装用EVA胶膜,解决了目前EVA胶膜,在有效提高胶膜与玻璃之间的粘附力的同时,无法有效提高胶膜阻水性的技术问题。
(二)技术方案
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种高粘附、低透水的光伏电池组件封装用EVA胶膜,包括以下重量份数配比的原料:10~15份聚乙烯醇、3~8份微米级聚四氟乙烯超细粉、1~2份纳米二氧化钛颗粒、1~2份分散剂与0.5~1份防沉剂、70~100份EVA树脂颗粒、2~5份引发剂、0.5~2份促进剂、4~8份硅烷偶联剂、0.5~1份紫外光吸收剂、0.5~1份抗氧剂1010;
将上述聚四氟乙烯超细粉与纳米二氧化钛颗粒,在分散剂与防沉剂的共同作用下,均匀分散在聚乙烯醇中,即得到防水增粘组分,并将该防水增粘组分掺杂到EVA树脂中,制备得到EVA胶膜。
优选的,所述聚乙烯醇的黏度为40~65、醇解度为87~89%。
优选的,所述聚四氟乙烯的平均粒径≤5um。
优选的,所述EVA胶膜的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)在转速为120~180rpm的搅拌状态下,将10~15份聚乙烯醇溶解在热的蒸馏水中,在转速为300~500rpm的搅拌状态下,加入3~8份微米级聚四氟乙烯超细粉、1~2份纳米二氧化钛颗粒、1~2份分散剂与0.5~1份防沉剂,转为600~800rpm下搅拌1~3h,之后,在转速为300~500rpm、温度为65~75℃下保持恒温搅拌;
(2)将70~100份EVA树脂颗粒加入到装有搅拌装置和加热装置的反应器中,在温度为150~180℃、转速为300~500rpm的搅拌状态下,先缓慢将步骤(1)制备的防水增粘组分加入到反应器中,转为600~800rpm下搅拌1~3h;
在转速为300~500rpm的搅拌状态下,将2、2~5份引发剂、0.5~2份促进剂、4~8份硅烷偶联剂、0.5~1份紫外光吸收剂、0.5~1份抗氧剂1010加入反应器中,转为600~800rpm下搅拌1~3h;
(3)先将上述混合均匀的物料加入到密炼机中,在温度为150~180℃、转速为300~500rpm下混炼1~3h,之后挤出,挤出物经流延机、冷却、牵引、卷曲工序,制备得到EVA胶膜。
(三)有益的技术效果
与现有技术相比,本发明具备以下有益的技术效果:
将平均粒径≤5um的聚四氟乙烯超细粉与纳米二氧化钛颗粒,在聚丙烯酰胺分散剂与气相二氧化硅防沉剂的共同作用下,均匀分散在聚乙烯醇中,即得到防水增粘组分,并将该防水增粘组分掺杂到EVA树脂中,制备得到EVA胶膜;
本发明制备的EVA胶膜与玻璃的粘附力为153~164N/cm,与对比例中EVA胶膜与玻璃的粘附力116N/cm相比,取得了显著提高EVA胶膜与玻璃之间粘附力的技术效果;
在温度23℃、相对湿度65%下,本发明制备出的EVA胶膜的透湿量为0.02~0.04g/M2.24h.0.1MPa,与对比例中制备出的EVA胶膜的透湿量0.17g/M2.24h.0.1MPa相比,取得了显著降低EVA胶膜透水性的技术效果。
具体实施方式
实施例一:
高粘附、低透水的光伏电池组件封装用EVA胶膜的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)在转速为120rpm的搅拌状态下,将10kg黏度为40~65、醇解度为87~89%的聚乙烯醇,加入到温度为65℃热的蒸馏水中,聚乙烯醇完全溶解后,在转速为300rpm的搅拌状态下,加入3kg平均粒径≤5um的聚四氟乙烯超细粉、1kg纳米二氧化钛颗粒、1kg聚丙烯酰胺分散剂与0.5kg气相二氧化硅防沉剂,转为600rpm下搅拌1h,之后,在转速为300rpm、温度为65℃下保持恒温搅拌;
(2)将70kgEVA树脂颗粒加入到装有搅拌装置和加热装置的反应器中,在温度为150℃、转速为300rpm的搅拌状态下,先缓慢将步骤(1)制备的防水增粘组分加入到反应器中,转为600rpm下搅拌1h;
在转速为300rpm的搅拌状态下,将2kg过氧化二苯甲酰引发剂、0.5kgN,N'-二甲基对甲苯胺促进剂、4kgγ―(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷偶联剂、0.5kg2,2’-二羟基-4-甲氧基二苯酮紫外光吸收剂、0.5kg抗氧剂1010加入反应器中,转为600rpm下搅拌1h;
(3)先将上述混合均匀的物料加入到密炼机中,在温度为150℃、转速为300rpm下混炼1h,之后挤出,挤出物经流延机、冷却、牵引、卷曲工序,制备得到EVA胶膜;
(4)上述制备的EVA胶膜与玻璃的粘附力为153N/cm;在温度23℃、相对湿度65%下,上述EVA胶膜的透湿量为0.04g/M2.24h.0.1MPa。
实施例二:
高粘附、低透水的光伏电池组件封装用EVA胶膜的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)在转速为180rpm的搅拌状态下,将15kg黏度为40~65、醇解度为87~89%的聚乙烯醇,加入到温度为75℃热的蒸馏水中,聚乙烯醇完全溶解后,在转速为500rpm的搅拌状态下,加入8kg平均粒径≤5um的聚四氟乙烯超细粉、2kg纳米二氧化钛颗粒、2kg聚丙烯酰胺分散剂与1kg气相二氧化硅防沉剂,转为800rpm下搅拌3h,之后,在转速为500rpm、温度为75℃下保持恒温搅拌;
(2)将100kgEVA树脂颗粒加入到装有搅拌装置和加热装置的反应器中,在温度为180℃、转速为500rpm的搅拌状态下,先缓慢将步骤(1)制备的防水增粘组分加入到反应器中,转为800rpm下搅拌3h;
在转速为500rpm的搅拌状态下,将5kg过氧化二苯甲酰引发剂、2kgN,N'-二甲基对甲苯胺促进剂、8kgγ―(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷偶联剂、1kg2,2’-二羟基-4-甲氧基二苯酮紫外光吸收剂、1kg抗氧剂1010加入反应器中,转为800rpm下搅拌3h;
(3)先将上述混合均匀的物料加入到密炼机中,在温度为180℃、转速为500rpm下混炼3h,之后挤出,挤出物经流延机、冷却、牵引、卷曲工序,制备得到EVA胶膜;
(4)上述制备的EVA胶膜与玻璃的粘附力为158N/cm;在温度23℃、相对湿度65%下,上述EVA胶膜的透湿量为0.02g/M2.24h.0.1MPa。
实施例三:
高粘附、低透水的光伏电池组件封装用EVA胶膜的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)在转速为150rpm的搅拌状态下,将12kg黏度为40~65、醇解度为87~89%的聚乙烯醇,加入到温度为70℃热的蒸馏水中,聚乙烯醇完全溶解后,在转速为400rpm的搅拌状态下,加入5kg平均粒径≤5um的聚四氟乙烯超细粉、1.5kg纳米二氧化钛颗粒、1.5kg聚丙烯酰胺分散剂与0.8kg气相二氧化硅防沉剂,转为700rpm下搅拌2h,之后,在转速为400rpm、温度为70℃下保持恒温搅拌;
(2)将80kgEVA树脂颗粒加入到装有搅拌装置和加热装置的反应器中,在温度为160℃、转速为400rpm的搅拌状态下,先缓慢将步骤(1)制备的防水增粘组分加入到反应器中,转为700rpm下搅拌2h;
在转速为400rpm的搅拌状态下,将3kg过氧化二苯甲酰引发剂、1kgN,N'-二甲基对甲苯胺促进剂、6kgγ―(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷偶联剂、0.8kg2,2’-二羟基-4-甲氧基二苯酮紫外光吸收剂、0.8kg抗氧剂1010加入反应器中,转为700rpm下搅拌2h;
(3)先将上述混合均匀的物料加入到密炼机中,在温度为160℃、转速为400rpm下混炼2h,之后挤出,挤出物经流延机、冷却、牵引、卷曲工序,制备得到EVA胶膜;
(4)上述制备的EVA胶膜与玻璃的粘附力为164N/cm;在温度23℃、相对湿度65%下,上述EVA胶膜的透湿量为0.02g/M2.24h.0.1MPa。
对比例:
光伏电池组件封装用EVA胶膜的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将80kgEVA树脂颗粒加入到装有搅拌装置和加热装置的反应器中,在温度为160℃、转速为400rpm的搅拌状态下,将3kg过氧化二苯甲酰引发剂、1kgN,N'-二甲基对甲苯胺促进剂、6kgγ―(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷偶联剂、0.8kg2,2’-二羟基-4-甲氧基二苯酮紫外光吸收剂、0.8kg抗氧剂1010加入反应器中,转为700rpm下搅拌2h;
(2)先将上述混合均匀的物料加入到密炼机中,在温度为160℃、转速为400rpm下混炼2h,之后挤出,挤出物经流延机、冷却、牵引、卷曲工序,制备得到EVA胶膜;
(3)上述制备的EVA胶膜与玻璃的粘附力为116N/cm;在温度23℃、相对湿度65%下,上述EVA胶膜的透湿量为0.17g/M2.24h.0.1MPa。

Claims (4)

1.一种高粘附、低透水的光伏电池组件封装用EVA胶膜,其特征在于,包括以下重量份数配比的原料:10~15份聚乙烯醇、3~8份微米级聚四氟乙烯超细粉、1~2份纳米二氧化钛颗粒、1~2份分散剂与0.5~1份防沉剂、70~100份EVA树脂颗粒、2~5份引发剂、0.5~2份促进剂、4~8份硅烷偶联剂、0.5~1份紫外光吸收剂、0.5~1份抗氧剂1010;
将上述聚四氟乙烯超细粉与纳米二氧化钛颗粒,在分散剂与防沉剂的共同作用下,均匀分散在聚乙烯醇中,即得到防水增粘组分,并将该防水增粘组分掺杂到EVA树脂中,制备得到EVA胶膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的EVA胶膜,其特征在于,所述聚乙烯醇的黏度为40~65、醇解度为87~89%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的EVA胶膜,其特征在于,所述聚四氟乙烯的平均粒径≤5um。
4.根据权利要求1所述的EVA胶膜,其特征在于,所述EVA胶膜的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)在转速为120~180rpm的搅拌状态下,将10~15份聚乙烯醇溶解在热的蒸馏水中,在转速为300~500rpm的搅拌状态下,加入3~8份微米级聚四氟乙烯超细粉、1~2份纳米二氧化钛颗粒、1~2份分散剂与0.5~1份防沉剂,转为600~800rpm下搅拌1~3h,之后,在转速为300~500rpm、温度为65~75℃下保持恒温搅拌;
(2)将70~100份EVA树脂颗粒加入到装有搅拌装置和加热装置的反应器中,在温度为150~180℃、转速为300~500rpm的搅拌状态下,先缓慢将步骤(1)制备的防水增粘组分加入到反应器中,转为600~800rpm下搅拌1~3h;
在转速为300~500rpm的搅拌状态下,将2、2~5份引发剂、0.5~2份促进剂、4~8份硅烷偶联剂、0.5~1份紫外光吸收剂、0.5~1份抗氧剂1010加入反应器中,转为600~800rpm下搅拌1~3h;
(3)先将上述混合均匀的物料加入到密炼机中,在温度为150~180℃、转速为300~500rpm下混炼1~3h,之后挤出,挤出物经流延机、冷却、牵引、卷曲工序,制备得到EVA胶膜。
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