CN1100762A - 滤嘴滤丝和烟油滤芯,以及它们的制造方法 - Google Patents
滤嘴滤丝和烟油滤芯,以及它们的制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种乙酸纤维素长丝和/或乙酸纤维素短纤维
的滤嘴滤丝和由此制造的烟油滤芯,它们可更好的生
物降解。滤嘴滤丝的制造方法包括从乙酰值至少为
53%的乙酸纤维素丙酮溶液纺成乙酸纤维素长丝,
如果需要的话,将长丝切成短纤维;将长丝和/或短
纤维并合成滤嘴滤丝,将长丝或短纤维水解,以致至
少在长丝和短纤维表面的乙酸纤维的乙酰值小于
53%,优选小于49%。
Description
本发明涉及一种滤咀滤丝,它由乙酸纤维素长丝和/或乙酸纤维素短纤维组成。本发明还涉及用以下基本步骤制造这种滤咀滤丝的方法
-乙酰值至少为53%的乙酸纤维素丙酮溶液通过多孔喷丝板挤出纺成乙酸纤维素长丝,如果需要的话,随后将乙酸纤维素长丝切成乙酸纤维素短纤维;以及
-将多根乙酸纤维素长丝和/或乙酸纤维素短纤维并合成滤咀滤丝。
本发明还涉及一种烟油滤芯,它由横轴向压紧並借助乙酸纤维素增塑剂或粘合剂硬化的乙酸纤维素长丝和/或乙酸纤维素短纤维的滤咀滤丝段组成。
最后,本发明涉及用以下步骤制造烟油滤芯的方法:得到含有乙酸纤维素增塑剂或粘合剂的乙酸纤维素长丝和/或乙酸纤维短纤维组成的滤咀滤芯;随后横轴向压紧;如果需要的话,用包装带将这一滤咀滤丝包装;将这样压紧的滤咀滤丝切断;如果需要的话,包装成单个烟油滤芯条;最后将这些滤芯条切成单支烟油滤芯。
香烟过滤咀分解得相当缓慢,所以在有众多吸烟人口的广大地区它是一个可厌的东西。
对于大多数香烟过滤咀来说,目前使用的纤维状乙酸纤维素的乙酰值在53~57%之间(例如在USP 2953837中描述的。在这一专利中引用的数值,即乙酰基含量为38~41%,对应于上述乙酰值为53~57%)。
与其他的聚合物特别是合成聚合物相比,这样的乙酸纤维素的确是可生物降解的,但是,在环境条件作用下,这样的纤维状材料制得的香烟过滤咀至少在视觉上消失的时间间隔,以今天的评价看是太长了。
德国专利申请书4 013 293和4 013 304描述了在环境条件作用下可相当迅速分解的香烟过滤咀,但这些香烟过滤咀由纺制的聚羟丁酸(PHB)或PHB与聚羟戊酸(PHV)的共聚物纤维的横轴向压紧的纤维束段组成。现在,这样的聚合物还未用来制造滤咀滤丝和烟油滤芯,或者至少不大量使用,这可能是由于
-这种聚合物工业上不能充足供应;
-对吸烟味道的影响与醋酐纤维素不同;
-至今还未弄清将这样的聚合物加工成滤咀滤芯和烟油滤芯的一些技术问题(例如,与这样的烟油滤芯变硬有关的问题或与在这些聚合物纺成细丝中使用有疑问的溶剂有关的问题)。
从德国专利申请书3 914 022获知,通过组合及用于制造油烛、永久光亮油烛、复合油灯、其他墓地灯型、殉葬灯和箔的护套/容器的新的塑料材料易于生物降解。在德国专利申请书3 914 022中称为塑料材料的是指以纤维素酯(如乙酸纤维素)与添加剂(如聚酯、柠檬酸酯、磷酸酯和有机铁化合物)为基础的材料。但是德国专利申请书3 914 022未指出加速滤咀滤丝和烟油滤芯生物降解的可能性。此外,在德国专利申请书3 914 022中描述的配方不适合生成滤咀滤丝和烟油滤芯,因为在乙酸纤维素中增塑剂的比例太高。
最近,在一些科学文献中已描述了在各种环境条件下乙酸纤维素的微生物分解。例如,Eberhard Teufl和Rolf Willmund所写的“乙酸纤维素过滤咀在含水体系中的降解”,为1991年9月16日在荷兰乌得勒支召开的the“JOINT MEETING OF SMOKE AND TECHNOLOGY GROUPS”of the CORESTA的论文,它描述了乙酸纤维素生物降解的机理。另一篇文章是Charles M.BuChanan、Robert M Gardner、Ronald J.Komarek和David Strickler写的“乙酸纤维素在环境中的命运:滤咀滤丝纤维的需氧生物降解”,为1991年10月22日在美国北卡罗来纳州阿什维尔召开的“TOBACCO CHEMIST RESEARCH CONFERENCE”的论文,它描述了乙酸纤维素的需氧降解。
另一篇文章是C.J. Rivard等所写的“天然聚合物厌氧生物转化生成甲烷和二氧化碳中乙酰化作用的影响”,发表在“应用生物化学和生物技术”杂志1992年第34/35卷第725~736页,它描述了乙酸纤维素的厌氧降解。
从上述三篇文章可清楚看到,随着乙酰值下降,乙酸纤维素的需氧分解和厌氧分解更快。但是,上述文章未指出加速由乙酸纤维素组成的滤咀滤丝和烟油滤芯的生物降解的可能性的线索;特别是后两篇文章虽然表明,乙酸纤维素的生物降解可通过降低其乙酰值来加速,但是它们没有提到对于乙酸纤维素纤维材料的滤咀滤丝和烟油滤芯来说,如何在技术上实现这一点。
所以,概观背景技术表明,对于乙酸纤维素纤维材料组成的滤咀滤丝和由这样的滤咀滤丝制得的烟油滤芯来说,至今还不知道加速其生物降解的解决办法。
所以,本发明的目的是提供一种由乙酸纤维素长丝和/或乙酸纤维素短纤维组成的滤咀滤丝,它在环境条件作用下有更高的生物降解性。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种制造这样的滤咀滤丝的方法。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种由横轴向压紧的並用乙酸纤维素增塑剂或粘合剂硬化的乙酸纤维素长丝和/或乙酸纤维素短纤维的滤咀滤丝段组成烟油滤芯,它在环境条件作用下有更高的生物降解性。
最后,本发明的另一目的是提供一种制造这样的烟油滤芯的方法。
就滤咀滤丝来说,这一问题通过由有以下特点的乙酸纤维素长丝和/或乙酸纤维素短纤维组成的滤咀滤丝来解决:至少乙酸纤维素长丝和/或乙酸纤维素短纤维的表面由乙酰值小于53%(优选小于49%)的乙酸纤维素组成。
就制造滤咀滤丝的方法来说,这一问题通过有以下基本步骤的制造滤咀滤丝的方法来解决:
-乙酰值至少为53%的乙酸纤维素丙酮溶液通过多孔喷丝板挤出纺成乙酸纤维素长丝,如果需要的话,随后将乙酸纤维素长丝切成乙酸纤维素短纤维;以及
-将如此得到的多根乙酸纤维素长丝和/或乙酸纤维素短纤维并合成滤咀滤芯,该法的特点是,使乙酸纤维素长丝或乙酸纤维素短纤维进行水解处理,以致至少这些长丝和短纤维的乙酸纤维素,在水解处理后,其表面的乙酰值小于53%,优选小于49%。
或者
-以下乙酸纤维素用作滤咀滤丝:组成乙酸纤维素长丝和乙酸纤维素短纤维的乙酸纤维素在丙酮中是可溶的,其乙酰值至少53%,以及使乙酸纤维素长丝或短纤维进行水解处理,以至至少这些长丝和短纤维的乙酸纤维素,在水解处理后,其表面的乙酰值小于53%,优选小于49%。
-水解处理最好用氢氧化钠溶液或气态氨进行。
另外,优选的是,用气态氨的水解处理在烟油滤芯条或烟油滤芯上进行。
当然,本发明的水解处理可用除氢氧化钠和氨以外的水解剂进行,例如用其他强碱或酸,或者甚至酯分解酶,如酯酶。
所谓在本发明范围内的滤咀滤丝指的是,许多根乙酸纤维素长丝和/或乙酸纤维素短纤维的带(例如德国专利申请书4 106 603中术语“滤咀滤丝”的定义)。本发明的滤咀滤丝最好是许多根乙酸纤维素长丝的带,以致这些长丝可以卷曲,特别是在卷曲机中压缩下卷曲。
所谓长丝指的是实际上未切断的纤维,而术语“短纤维”指有限长度的纤维。(关于这两个定义见“Rompps Chemie Lexikon”第11次修订扩充本,1987年Franckh′sche Werlagshandlung,W.Keller & Co.出版,第2卷,第1283页及第5卷,第3925页,参考1974年12月的DIN 60001T2)。
本发明的烟油滤芯最好是作为香烟过滤咀,但它也可以作为雪茄、小雪茄或烟斗的过滤咀。
术语乙酰值在本发明范围内指以重量百分数表示的乙酸纤维素中键联的乙酸的比例
(参见Ullman工业化学百科全书,第5次全修订本,第A5卷,第444~445页-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH,D-6940 Weinhein,Federal Republic of Germany1986)。
本发明还有以下优点:
就本发明的滤咀滤丝和烟油滤芯来说,与已知的乙酸纤维素纤维材料的滤咀滤丝和烟油滤芯相比,它们在环境条件下其腐烂速度加快;然而在今天通常的条件下本发明的滤咀滤丝和烟油滤芯有可能在没有微生物降解危险的情况下很容易贮存。
对于本发明的滤咀滤丝的制造来说,这一点特别有好处:人们可用传统的方法开始制造由乙酸纤维素纤维材料组成的滤咀滤丝,但使用新增的水解新措施,人们得到至少在其表面有乙酰值小于53%(优选小于49%)的乙酸纤维素的乙酸纤维素长丝或短纤维的滤咀滤丝,因此本发明的滤咀滤丝的微生物分解加快。作为说明,应当指出,为了加速微生物降解,有所希望的小于49%乙酰值的乙酸纤维素不溶于丙酮,因此不能用传统的纺丝方法(用丙酮作溶剂)纺成长丝。
通过保留制造由乙酸纤维素纤维材料组成的滤咀滤丝的传统方法的原理,实现制造本发明的滤咀滤丝的新方法的设备的投资费用可保持在较低水平(使用现有的设备,只增加实现本发明的方法需要的水解体系)。
同样适用于制造本发明的烟油滤芯:在这里也保留制造由乙酸纤维素纤维材料组成的烟油滤芯的传统方法的原理,而增加的新措施的费用不高。
用以下实施例更具体地说明本发明。
对照例
制备含有28%(重)乙酸纤维素和0.5%(重)二氧化钛固体含量的乙酸纤维素纺丝丙酮溶液。将该纺丝溶液的水含量调节到3%(重)。所用的乙酸纤维素的乙酰值为55.4%,聚合度(DP)为220。过滤该纺丝溶液,並在传统的滤咀滤丝纺丝设备上用干纺法纺丝。将得到的乙酸纤维素长丝并合成带,在压缩下用卷曲机卷曲,並在转鼓干燥器中干燥。在进入卷曲机时,上述带的送入速度为550米/分钟。经卷曲的乙酸纤维素长丝带在转鼓干燥器中的停留时间为5分钟。这样从卷曲机中得到的乙酸纤维素长丝的滤咀滤丝首先用包装机松散地堆积,然后压缩成捆;该捆的残留水含量为5.5%(重)。
如此得到的滤咀滤丝的规格为3Y35HK。这一牌号指:
长丝纤度 3.3分特
总纤度 38500分特
乙酸纤维素长丝的横切面形状:Y
对照例制得的滤咀滤丝的生物降解数据列入下表(在实施例后)。
实施例1
制备如对照例中的纺丝溶液。象在对照例中那样,用这一纺丝溶液。在压缩下由卷曲机生产乙酸纤维素长丝的滤咀滤丝,但不同的是在制造这一滤咀滤丝过程中,在卷曲机以后,立即将1摩尔浓度的氢氧化钠溶液喷到由卷曲的乙酸纤维素长丝组成的滤咀滤丝上。喷洒的氢氧化钠溶液的数量为6升/小时。在转鼓干燥器干燥以前,滤咀滤丝通过一干燥传送机,在干燥传送机温度为80℃的空气用水蒸汽饱和。滤咀滤丝在干燥传送机中的停留时间为7分钟。
随后,象在对照例中那样,滤咀滤丝在转鼓干燥器中干燥到残留水含量为5.5%(重)、堆积並压缩成捆。
如此生产的滤咀滤丝的规格对应于对照例得到的滤咀滤丝的规格。
存放3周后,打开包装捆,从这一捆中取样,並测定它的-乙酰值和残留碱含量。
另外,用该样品测定滤咀滤丝在丙酮中的溶解度。
结果如下:
乙酰值 53.2%
残留碱含量 0.006%
溶解度 滤咀滤丝在丙酮中的溶液(3%)含有清晰可见的不溶部分。
如在对照例中提到的那样,按实施例1制得的滤咀滤丝的生物降解数据列入表中(在实施例后)。
实施例2
将1公斤按对照例制得的滤咀滤丝在实验室条件下水解如下:
将滤咀滤丝放入一容器中,並封闭该容器。滤咀滤丝在封闭的容器中依次在以下每种物质作用下暴露1小时
-水蒸汽
-氨蒸汽
-二氧化碳气体。
上述各阶段之间评价该容器。上述三个阶段处理被重复三次。随后从容器中取出滤咀滤丝,並测试乙酰值和溶解度。结果如下:
乙酰值 45%
溶解度 滤咀滤丝在丙酮中的溶液(3%)含有清晰可见的不溶部分。
如在对照例和实施例1中提到的那样,实施例2的滤咀滤丝的生物降解数据列入下表。
在受控的微生数条件下的生物降解性试验
为了验证按本发明的方法得到的在规定的微生物条件下生物降解加速作用,发展了一种用于水不溶性样品的改进试验方法,它类似于在DIN 38409 H52中描述的水溶性物质的降解试验。
按照这一改进的试验步骤,用测量在降解过程中微生物的耗氧量来测定微生物降解作用。
用压力表来测定耗氧量。微生物代谢生成的二氧化碳用氢氧化钠与之结合,因此不影响压力的测量。
在每一试验中,将200毫克对照例、实施例1和实施例2的滤咀滤丝放入无机培养液中。由土壤溶液得到微生物降解所需的土壤细菌。每一培养液用2毫升这种土壤滤液接种。
由氧耗量计算的样品百分重量损失列入下表。
Claims (7)
1、一种由乙酸纤维素长丝和/或乙酸纤维素短纤维组成的滤咀滤丝,其特征在于至少乙酸纤维素长丝和乙酸纤维素短纤维的表面由乙酰值小于53%,优选小于49%的乙酸纤维素组成。
2、一种用以下基本步骤制造权利要求1的滤咀滤丝的方法:-乙酰值至少为53%的乙酸纤维素丙酮溶液通过多孔喷丝板挤出纺成乙酸纤维素长丝,如果需要的话,随后将乙酸纤维素长丝切成乙酸纤维素短纤维;以及
-将如此得到的多根乙酸纤维素长丝和/或乙酸纤维素短纤维并合成滤咀滤丝,其特征在于,对乙酸纤维素长丝或短纤维进行水解处理,以致水解处理后,至少这些长丝和短纤维的乙酸纤维素的表面的乙酸值小于53%,优选小于49%。
3、根据权利要求2的方法,其特征在于,用氢氧化钠溶液或用气态氨进行水解处理。
4、一种烟油滤芯,它由横轴向压紧且借助乙酸纤维素增塑剂或粘合剂硬化的乙酸纤维素长丝和/或乙酸纤维素短纤维的滤咀滤丝段组成,其特征在于,至少乙酸纤维素长丝和乙酸纤维素短纤维的表面由乙酰值小于53%,优选小于49%的乙酸纤维素组成。
5、一种制造权利要求4的烟油滤芯的方法,其中由乙酸纤维素长丝和/或乙酸纤维素短纤维组成的滤咀滤丝混有乙酸纤维素增塑剂或粘合剂,随后横轴向压紧,如果需要的话,用包装带包装,将滤咀滤丝切成单个烟油滤芯条,最后将这些烟油滤芯条切成单支烟油滤芯,该法的特征在于:
-在滤咀滤丝中,至少乙酸纤维素长丝和乙酸纤维素短纤维的乙酸纤维素在其表面的乙酸值小于53%,优选小于49%;或
-以下乙酸纤维素用作滤咀滤丝:组成乙酸纤维素长丝和乙酸纤维素短纤维的乙酸纤维素在丙酮中是可溶的,其乙酰值至少53%,以及对乙酸纤维素长丝或短纤维进行水解处理,以使至少这些长丝或短纤维的乙酸纤维素,在水解处理后,其表面的乙酰值小于53%,优选小于49%。
6、根据权利要求5的方法,其特征在于,用氢氧化钠溶液或用气态氨进行水解处理。
7、根据权利要求6的方法,其特征在于,用气态氨在烟油滤芯条上或在烟油滤芯咀上进行水解处理。
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JPS5898411A (ja) * | 1981-11-30 | 1983-06-11 | Teijin Ltd | 血液処理用中空繊維膜およびその製造法 |
US4973503A (en) * | 1985-06-26 | 1990-11-27 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Mixed fiber tow or tube and method of making |
JPS62253601A (ja) * | 1986-04-28 | 1987-11-05 | Daicel Chem Ind Ltd | セルロ−ス球状粒子の製造方法 |
AT396862B (de) * | 1991-10-22 | 1993-12-27 | Austria Tabakwerke Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung eines zelluloseazetat-kabels und zigarettenfilter daraus |
CA2135798A1 (en) * | 1992-05-27 | 1993-12-09 | Charles M. Buchanan | Environmentally non-persistant cellulose ester fibers |
TW256845B (zh) * | 1992-11-13 | 1995-09-11 | Taisyal Kagaku Kogyo Kk |
-
1993
- 1993-07-09 DE DE4322965A patent/DE4322965C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-07-20 US US08/094,611 patent/US5427852A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-05-20 EP EP94107807A patent/EP0632969B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-20 DE DE59409065T patent/DE59409065D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-30 CA CA002124628A patent/CA2124628C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-06-20 KR KR1019940013952A patent/KR970010540B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-07-08 RU RU9494026292A patent/RU2082303C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-07-08 CN CN94108233A patent/CN1100762A/zh active Pending
- 1994-07-11 JP JP6158833A patent/JP2813859B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104153081A (zh) * | 2014-08-11 | 2014-11-19 | 浙江中烟工业有限责任公司 | 一种具有y型截面的降焦卷烟滤棒用混合单旦丝束及其制备方法和应用 |
CN104195701A (zh) * | 2014-08-11 | 2014-12-10 | 浙江中烟工业有限责任公司 | 一种具有x型截面的降焦卷烟滤棒用混合单旦丝束及其制备方法和应用 |
CN104195701B (zh) * | 2014-08-11 | 2016-06-01 | 浙江中烟工业有限责任公司 | 一种具有x型截面的降焦卷烟滤棒用混合单旦丝束及其制备方法和应用 |
CN108367220A (zh) * | 2015-10-07 | 2018-08-03 | 罗地亚阿塞托有限公司 | 包含醋酸纤维素纤维的非织造织物及其应用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59409065D1 (de) | 2000-02-17 |
KR970010540B1 (ko) | 1997-06-28 |
RU94026292A (ru) | 1996-07-10 |
CA2124628C (en) | 2003-08-05 |
JPH07123967A (ja) | 1995-05-16 |
US5427852A (en) | 1995-06-27 |
EP0632969A3 (de) | 1995-03-29 |
EP0632969A2 (de) | 1995-01-11 |
EP0632969B1 (de) | 2000-01-12 |
KR950002654A (ko) | 1995-02-16 |
CA2124628A1 (en) | 1995-01-10 |
DE4322965C1 (de) | 1994-10-06 |
RU2082303C1 (ru) | 1997-06-27 |
JP2813859B2 (ja) | 1998-10-22 |
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