CN110072903A - 热塑性聚氨酯基质树脂 - Google Patents
热塑性聚氨酯基质树脂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110072903A CN110072903A CN201780075320.5A CN201780075320A CN110072903A CN 110072903 A CN110072903 A CN 110072903A CN 201780075320 A CN201780075320 A CN 201780075320A CN 110072903 A CN110072903 A CN 110072903A
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- matrix resin
- thermoplastic polyurethane
- fiber
- composition according
- polyurethane matrix
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种热塑性聚氨酯基质树脂组合物,其包含至少一种C3‑8链烷二醇、至少一种烷氧基化的芳族二醇和至少一种聚异氰酸酯。此外,本发明涉及纤维增强的复合材料,其包含本发明的固化的热塑性聚氨酯聚合物基质和纤维材料。此外,描述了用于制备本发明的纤维增强复合材料的方法以及该组合物或纤维增强复合材料在铁路车辆、汽车、飞机、船舶、航天器、摩托车、自行车、体育用品、头盔、功能性服装、鞋子、桥梁和建筑物中的建筑部件或风力涡轮机叶片中的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种热塑性聚氨酯基质树脂组合物,其包含至少一种C3-8链烷二醇、至少一种烷氧基化的芳族二醇和至少一种聚异氰酸酯。此外,本发明涉及纤维增强的复合材料,其包含本发明的固化的热塑性聚氨酯聚合物基质和纤维材料。此外,描述了用于制备本发明的纤维增强复合材料的方法以及该组合物或纤维增强复合材料在铁路车辆、汽车、飞机、船舶、航天器、摩托车、自行车、体育用品、头盔、功能性服装、鞋子、桥梁和建筑物中的建筑部件或风力涡轮机叶片中的用途。
背景技术
纤维增强的复合材料(FRC)含有嵌入固化基质树脂中的纤维材料。由于成品部件应承受高的机械应力,所采用的形成基质的树脂应在固化后与纤维材料牢固连接,以避免纤维增强复合材料中的缺陷。通常,热固性基质树脂用于生产纤维增强的复合材料,其通常表现出极高的反应性,导致在固化过程中产生的热量增加,这可能损害纤维材料的性能。此外,基于热固性基质的组合物由于固化时间而需要延长的制造过程。此外,所得复合热固性材料的形状的后固化改性仅可通过去除材料,例如切割或研磨,而得以实现。另一方面,用热塑性基质而处理的纤维材料层通常具有不足的机械性能。
仍然需要可以后固化改性,但仍可用于高速、高容量工艺,例如RTM的热塑性基质。因此,本发明的一个目的是提供一种改进的热塑性聚氨酯基质树脂组合物,其满足上述需要,特别是提供短的制造过程(高Tg,但可成形)和良好的机械性能(高硬度)。
发明内容
本发明人惊奇地发现,本文所述的热塑性聚氨酯基质树脂组合物提供改善的硬度特性和高玻璃化转变温度(Tg),使其非常适用于例如在RTM过程中生产的用于结构应用的高性能纤维增强部件。具体而言,已发现短链空间抑制的邻位二醇,如1,2–丙二醇或2,3–丁二醇,与MDI反应,形成适用于RTM加工的高Tg的热塑性PU树脂,但仍然可以模塑/成型。该树脂的分子量可以通过使用支化的聚异氰酸酯,诸如聚合MDI而控制。通过使用烷氧基化的芳族二醇,例如乙氧基化的双酚A,可以改善所述短链多元醇与聚异氰酸酯的混溶性。
在本说明书中,术语“一”和“一个”和“至少一个”与术语“一个或多个”相同并且可以互换使用。具体而言,如本文所用,“至少一种”涉及1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或更多种,并且是指分别化合物的不同类型,但不是组合物中分子的绝对数量。因此,“至少一种二醇”是指组合物包含至少1种但任选2种或更多种不同的二醇。
在本发明的上下文中,术语“基本上不含”应解释为组合物中所含的分别化合物的量基于组合物的总重量小于5重量%、4重量%、3重量%、2重量%、1.5重量%、1重量%、0.75重量%、0.5重量%、0.25重量%或0.1重量%,其中所述量分别以降序而更优选。例如,4重量%比5重量%更优选,3重量%比4重量%更优选。
除非另有明确说明,否则术语“树脂”或“基质树脂”应解释为“双组分聚氨酯基质树脂”。
在本发明中,除非另有明确说明,否则至少一种聚异氰酸酯(ii)的异氰酸酯(NCO)基团与至少一种二醇(i)和至少一种二醇(iii)的羟基(OH)的总和的摩尔比也称为NCO:OH。
在第一方面,本发明涉及一种热塑性聚氨酯基质树脂组合物,其包含
(i)至少一种式(I)的C3-8链烷二醇
其中,
R1、R1′、R2、R2′、R3和R3′各自独立地选自H和经取代或未经取代的C1-4烷基;及
n为0、1、2或3,优选为0;
其中,若n=0、2或3,则R1、R1′、R2和R2′至少之一为经取代或未经取代的C1-4烷基;
(ii)至少一种聚异氰酸酯;及
(iii)至少一种烷氧基化的芳族二醇。
此外,本发明涉及纤维增强的复合材料,其包含本发明的固化的热塑性聚氨酯基质树脂组合物和纤维材料,其特征在于所含纤维材料基于所述纤维增强复合材料总体积的比例大于30体积%。
此外,本发明涉及制备本发明的纤维增强复合材料的方法,其包括以下步骤:
1)提供包含纤维材料的外部模具;
2)优选在压力下,将本发明的热塑性聚氨酯基质树脂组合物引入所述模具中;及
3)在最高140℃,优选60至120℃的温度下使所述组合物进行固化。
除此之外,本发明还涉及本发明的组合物或本发明的纤维增强复合材料在铁路车辆、汽车、飞机、船舶、航天器、摩托车、自行车、体育用品、训练设备、手机和笔记本电脑外壳、头盔、功能性服装、鞋子、桥梁和建筑物中的建筑部件或风力涡轮机叶片中的用途。
在权利要求中阐述了本发明的其他优选实施方案。
本发明的热塑性聚氨酯基质树脂组合物包含:
(i)至少一种式(I)的C3-8链烷二醇
其中,
R1、R1′、R2、R2′、R3和R3′各自独立地选自H和经取代或未经取代的C1-4烷基;及
n为0、1、2或3,优选为0;
其中,若n=0、2或3,则R1、R1′、R2和R2′至少之一为经取代或未经取代的C1-4烷基;
(ii)至少一种聚异氰酸酯;和
(iii)至少一种烷氧基化的芳族二醇。
根据本发明的热塑性聚氨酯基质树脂组合物的(i)项的至少一种空间限制的二醇为包含至少两个醇官能团和至少3个且多至8个碳原子的硬烃主链的醇化合物。
在不同的实施方案中,所述二醇是邻位二醇,即n=0。
在不同的优选的实施方案中,两个羟基中至少一个是仲羟基或叔羟基,优选为仲羟基。更优选的实施方案,其中两个羟基均为仲羟基或叔羟基,优选为仲羟基。这意味着在优选的实施方案中,R1′和R2′均是H。
进一步优选的是,所述经取代或未经取代的烷基选自甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、2–丁基和叔丁基,优选为甲基和乙基。如果取代的话,则取代基优选羟基,从而使二醇为多元醇。
在不同的实施方案中,R1和/或R2为甲基或乙基,优选为甲基。特别优选的是其中n=0且R1和R2均为甲基或R1为H且R2为甲基的实施方案。
在其中n=0的优选实施方案中,R1和R1′中的至少一个和R2和R2′中的至少一个不是氢,而是C1-4烷基,优选为甲基或乙基,更优选为甲基。最优选的实施方案是其中R1和R2是甲基且R1′和R2′是氢,即该化合物为2,3–丁二醇。
在其他的优选实施方案中,n为1或2,优选为1。.在该实施方案中,R3和R3′优选为H。当n=1时,所有的R1、R1′、R2、R2′均可为氢。这产生1,3–丙二醇。当n=2或3时,所述羟基不可以都是伯羟基,即R1、R1′、R2和R2′中的至少一个不是氢。
在不同的实施方案中,所述二醇选自2,3–丁二醇、2,3–戊二醇、2,3–己二醇、3,4–己二醇、1,2–丙二醇、1,3–丙二醇、1,2–丁二醇、1,2–戊二醇、1,2–己二醇,优选为2,3–丁二醇和1,2–丙二醇,更优选为2,3–丁二醇。
在优选的实施方案中,所用的二醇可以在空间上受到限制。如这里关于邻位二醇所用的“空间限制的”或“空间抑制的”是指式(I)化合物的分子部分不能沿着带有羟基的两个碳原子的轴而自由旋转。
根据本发明,基于热塑性聚氨酯基质树脂组合物的总重量,热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)基质树脂组合物含有至少10重量%的至少一种根据项目(i)的式(I)的二醇。在更优选的实施方案中,基于TPU基质树脂组合物中所有多元醇的总重量,项目(i)的化合物的含量为10至70重量%,优选为20至50重量%。
这些包括众所周知的脂族、脂环族或芳族单体二异氰酸酯。优选分子量为160g/mol至500g/mol的聚异氰酸酯,特别是芳族聚异氰酸酯。在不同的实施方案中,使用芳族聚异氰酸酯,例如二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)的异构体,包括4,4′–二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(4,4′–MDI)、2,2′–二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(2,2′–MDI)、2,4′–二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(2,4′–MDI);亚苯基二异氰酸酯的异构体,例如1,3–亚苯基二异氰酸酯、1,4–亚苯基二异氰酸酯;萘–1,5–二异氰酸酯(NDI),甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)的异构体,例如2,4–TDI和2,6–TDI;间–和对–四甲基二甲苯二异氰酸酯(TMXDI),间–和对–二甲苯二异氰酸酯(XDI),3,3′–二甲基二苯基–4,4′–二异氰酸酯(TODI),甲苯二异氰酸酯,萘、二–和四烷基二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,4,4′–二苄基二异氰酸酯及其组合物。特别优选的是4,4′–二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(4,4′–MDI)和2,4′–二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(2,4′–MDI)以及它们的混合物。
虽然不是优选的,但也可以使用脂族和脂环族异氰酸酯,例如亚乙基二异氰酸酯,十二烷二异氰酸酯,二聚脂肪酸二异氰酸酯,4,4′–二苄基二异氰酸酯,1,6–二异氰酸酯基–2,2,4–三甲基己烷,丁烷–1,4–二异氰酸酯,己烷–1,6–二异氰酸酯(HDI),四甲氧基丁–1,4–二异氰酸酯,1,12–二异氰酸酯基–十二烷,4,4′–二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯,1,3–环己烷或1,4–环己烷二异氰酸酯,1–甲基–2,4–二异氰酸酯基–环己烷,1–异氰酸酯基甲基–3–异氰酸酯基–1,5,5–三甲基环己烷(异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,IPDI),氢化或部分氢化的MDI([H]12MDI(氢化的))或[H]6MDI(部分氢化)及其组合物。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,至少一种聚异氰酸酯包括至少一种聚合的聚异氰酸酯。这些可用于控制所得TPU树脂的分子量。特别优选的是聚合MDI,其可以单独使用或与单体MDI(混合物)组合使用。
根据本发明的不同的实施方案,根据项目(ii)的至少一种聚异氰酸酯选自4,4′–二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、2,4–二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、聚合的4,4′–二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、聚合的2,4–二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯以及上述的混合物。如果使用聚合的二异氰酸酯,优选它们不超过所用聚异氰酸酯总量的50摩尔%。在优选的实施方案中,这种聚合二异氰酸酯与单体二异氰酸酯组合使用,其用量为所用聚异氰酸酯总量的最多50摩尔%,优选最多40摩尔%,更优选最多30摩尔%。
所述至少一种聚异氰酸酯(ii)的粘度优选小于80mPa·s,特别优选为30-60mPa·s(DIN ISO 2555,Brookfield RVT,3号转子,25℃;50rpm)。
在优选的实施方案中,所述热塑性聚氨酯基质树脂组合物含有基于热塑性聚氨酯基质树脂组合物的总重量为1至80重量%的聚异氰酸酯。在更优选的实施方案中,聚异氰酸酯的含量为20至75重量%,最优选的实施方案中为40至70重量%。聚异氰酸酯的平均NCO官能度优选至少2,更优选至少2.05,甚至更优选至少2.1。具体而言,优选异氰酸酯的平均NCO官能度为2.0至2.3,更优选2.05至2.2,甚至更优选2.1至2.15。所用聚异氰酸酯的量还取决于如下定义的所需NCO:OH摩尔比。
在不同的实施方案中,相对于组合物中聚异氰酸酯的总重量,所述聚异氰酸酯包含10至70重量%,优选30至50重量%的聚合MDI。其余部分优选为单体MDI。
本发明的热塑性聚氨酯基质树脂组合物还包含烷氧基化的芳族二醇(iii)。如本文所用,“芳族二醇”是指具有芳族核作为中心单元和两个羟基的二醇。所述二醇也可包含两个芳环。羟基优选不是酚基,即不直接键合于芳环上。
芳族核结构可以是稠合的芳基和/或杂芳基结构,并且可以包含其他取代基。这种芳族核结构的实例包括但不限于苯、萘、蒽、菲、咪唑、吡啶、吡咯、嘧啶、吡嗪、喹啉、吩嗪的取代形式。具有多个芳环的芳族二醇的实例是基于联苯、三联苯、2,2′–联吡啶、二苯基甲烷、1,1–二苯基乙烷或2,2–二苯基丙烷的二醇。
特别优选的是基于苯酚和甲醛、乙醛或丙酮或其混合物的芳族二醇,更优选为双酚A、双酚F或双酚A/F.
所述烷氧基化的芳族二醇优选为乙氧基化、丙氧基化的或两者。所述二醇优选为式(II)的那些:
在此,Rx选自CH2、CH(CH3)或C(CH3)2。每个n、n′、m和m′的值使得n+n′+m+m′=1至20,优选n+n′+m+m′=1至8。
Ry和Rz的选择应使Ry=H并且Rz=甲基,或反之亦然。
链段a1和a1′代表环氧丙烷单元(PO),并且a2和a2′代表环氧乙烷单元(EO)。式(II)中的虚线示意性地表示结合的氧化烯链段a1、a1′、a2和a2′的顺序是可变的。因此,应理解,这些单元以交替或随机的方式排列成嵌段。这种烷氧基化的芳族二醇的制备可以根据本领域已知的方法和本领域技术人员已知的方法而进行。
还应理解,在烷氧基化时可以出现在与中心单元结合的两条链中具有不同的烷氧基化度的二醇分子。还应理解的是,在烷氧基化时,会产生一系列不同的分子。这是显而易见的,这是由于烷氧基化的总程度(n+n′+m+m′)可以不是偶数值,也可以不是整数。
在不同的实施方案中,与乙氧基化或混合的EO/PO二醇相比,优选式(II)的丙氧基化芳族二醇,即n=n′=0。
优选,式(II)的芳族二醇,其中Rx=CH2或C(CH3)2,更优选C(CH3)2。
最优选,式(II)的芳族二醇,其中Rx=C(CH3)2,n=n′=0且烷氧基化的总程度为2至16,优选2.5至16,更优选3至12。
有利的是所述组合物包含的式(II)不同二醇的混合物。
基于树脂组合物的总重量,根据(iii)的芳族二醇的用量优选为2至75重量%。基于多元醇的总量,式(II)的芳族二醇的量可以为5至90重量%,优选10至80重量%。
根据某些实施方案,组合组分(i)和(iii)的OH基团与所述聚异氰酸酯(ii)的NCO基团的摩尔比为2:1至1:10,优选2:1至1:5,最优选2:1至1:2。
基于双组分聚氨酯基质树脂的总重量,本发明的聚氨酯基质树脂组合物优选包含0至10重量%的至少一种辅助物质。优选将所述至少一种辅助物质与组分(i)和(iii)完全或部分混合。可以加入辅助物质以改变组合物的性质,例如粘度、润湿性能、稳定性、反应动力学、避免气泡形成、储存寿命或粘合性。辅助物质的实例是流平剂、润湿剂、催化剂和干燥剂。
作为催化剂,聚氨酯基质树脂组合物可以包含基于铁、钛、锆、铝、铅、锡和优选铋的金属有机化合物。在一个优选的实施方案中,所述催化剂含有脂肪酸或多羟基化合物作为螯合剂,其对金属原子的摩尔比为0.25:1至2:1。通常而言,适合作为螯合剂的物质特别是包含OH、COOH或酯基的那些。在交联反应期间,所述螯合剂因此也可以与聚氨酯基质树脂组合物进行反应,并牢固地掺入固化的热固性聚氨酯聚合物基质中。
可用于聚氨酯基质树脂组合物的另一组催化剂是基于叔胺的那些。作为实例,可以使用线性或优选环状的脂族胺,例如甲基环己胺、二甲基苄胺、三丁胺、单乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、三亚乙基二胺、胍、吗啉、N–甲基吗啉、二氮杂双环辛烷(DABCO)、1,8–二氮杂双环–(5,4,0)–十一碳–7–烯(DBU)或者二氮杂双环壬烯(DBN)。
在一个优选的实施方案中,催化剂的含量基于聚氨酯基质树脂组合物总重量为0.01至5重量%,优选最多2重量%。
根据某些实施方案,聚氨酯基质树脂组合物中不存在颜料、分子筛和/或增塑剂。此外,聚氨酯基质树脂组合物优选不含有机溶剂。
根据多种实施方案,可以添加例如呈纳米颗粒形式的填料,以调节聚氨酯基质树脂组合物的韧性和/或粘度。
本发明的TPU组合物可以是2C PU组合物,其中第一组分包含多元醇(i)和(iii)以及所有其他多元醇,若存在的话,第二组分包含聚异氰酸酯(ii)。然后在如上所述,任选在催化剂存在下使两种组分进行混合而发生固化,其中所述催化剂可以加入第一或第二组分中或单独加入。任选,可以使用脱模剂。
本发明还涉及通过使多元醇(i)和(iii)与聚异氰酸酯(ii)反应而得到的热塑性聚氨酯基质树脂。以上公开的所有实施方案同样适用于那些树脂。
在一个优选的实施方案中,固化的热塑性聚氨酯基质优选具有高于60℃,更优选高于80℃的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)(通过DSC测量,DIN11357),并且在–10℃至+70℃之间的温度下弹性模量大于1000MPa(依据DIN EN ISO 527)。
本发明还涉及一种复合材料,其包含本发明的固化的热塑性聚氨酯聚合物基质和纤维材料,其中将所述固化的热塑性聚氨酯聚合物基质用作增强粘合剂。在优选的实施方案中,基于所述纤维增强复合材料的总体积,所述纤维材料的所含比例大于30体积%。在更优选的实施方案中,基于所述纤维增强复合材料的总体积,纤维材料的所含比例为30至65体积%,最优选40至60体积%。
纤维重量分数可以通过实验而测定,例如通过灼烧损失法(ASTM D2854)或基质消化法(ASTM D3171)。体积%的碳纤维优选可以根据DIN EN 2564:1998-08而测量,在玻璃纤维的情况下,优选DIN EN ISO1172:1998-12而测量。对于在非导电基质中含有导电纤维(诸如碳)的单向复合材料,可以通过比较复合材料与纤维的电阻率而(ASTM D3355)直接测定纤维定体积分数。
所述纤维材料优选含有选自玻璃纤维、合成纤维、碳纤维、硼纤维、陶瓷纤维、金属纤维、天然纤维及其组合物的纤维,最优选玻璃纤维、碳纤维及其组合物。纤维的分别类别的具体实例公开于A.R.Bunsell,J.Renard“纤维增强复合材料的基础”,CRC Press 2005,ISBN0750306890。合成纤维的实例包括聚酯纤维、聚乙烯纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚酰胺纤维,诸如聚酰胺6或聚酰胺6.6、聚亚胺纤维、聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)和芳族聚酰胺纤维。陶瓷纤维包括氧化物和非氧化物陶瓷纤维,诸如氧化铝/二氧化硅纤维、玄武岩纤维和硅化碳纤维。金属纤维的实例是钢、不锈钢或铝纤维。天然纤维的实例是木纤维、剑麻纤维、亚麻纤维、大麻纤维、椰子纤维、香蕉纤维和黄麻纤维。
所述纤维材料可优选呈垫的形式,诸如连续纤维垫或短切原丝毡、织物、无纺无、非卷曲织物、针织织物、帘布或粗纱。
在优选的实施方案中,可以使用两种或更多种形式的纤维材料。这些形式可分别包含一种或多种上述纤维。
纤维的长度可以是0.1至1mm,1至50mm或50mm以上。在优选的实施方案中,纤维长度大于50mm,更优选高于500mm,最优选纤维是“无端的”,即该纤维是连续纤维。无端纤维或连续纤维用于连续纤维垫中,用于制造无端的纤维增强复合材料,特别是无端的纤维增强塑料。“连续”或“无端的”是指纤维从纤维垫的一端到达另一端,使得纤维末端位于纤维垫的外边缘而不是纤维垫的内侧。这改善了纤维增强复合材料的机械性能。
在优选的实施方案中,使用长度大于500mm的玻璃纤维或碳纤维,更优选这些纤维呈垫、无纺无和非卷曲织物或其组合物的形式。
所述纤维增强复合材料还可包含粘合剂。适用于本文应用的粘合剂配方是本领域公知的,并且可以选自热固性或热塑性粘合剂组合物作为其非限制性实例。粘合剂用于确保预制件的内聚力。优选,所述粘合剂是基于热塑性聚氨酯的粘合剂,其形式为至少一种异氰酸酯、至少一种多元醇,例如聚酯和/或聚醚基的多元醇,和任选的一种或多种二醇的反应产物。所述粘合剂可进一步包含添加剂,例如染料、填料(例如硅酸盐、滑石、碳酸钙、粘土或炭黑)、触变剂(例如膨润土、热解硅酸、尿素衍生物、原纤化或纸浆短纤维)、颜色糊剂和/或颜料、导电性添加剂(例如导电性炭黑或高氯酸锂)、增塑剂、增粘剂、其他热塑性聚合物、稳定剂、粘合促进剂、流变添加剂、蜡等。任选,适合于本文应用的粘合剂还可以包含纤维,其可以选自上述纤维材料。
本发明还提供一种制备纤维增强复合材料的方法,包括以下步骤:
1)提供包含纤维材料的外部模具;
2)优选在压力下,将所述聚氨酯基质树脂组合物引入所述模具中;及
3)在最高140℃,优选60至120℃的温度下使所述组合物固化。
在所述方法的步骤1)中,可以使用纤维材料与合适粘合剂的组合。
用于制备纤维增强复合材料的方法包括注射和注入方法或其组合。具体而言,本发明的方法包括两种实施方案。流入可以通过在压力下注射(树脂传递模塑或RTM方法)而快速进行,任选也可以通过真空辅助(VARTM)进行。通过注射,会建立压力,通常压力可以增加到30至120bar以用于高压RTM,对于低压RTM,最高10bar。在RTM方法中使用的优选聚氨酯基质树脂具有短的开放时间,但此后表现出快速反应。优选,聚氨酯基质树脂的粘度较低,并且在模具填充的方法条件下可以仅略微增加。必须注意确保流速的选择应使空气或气体可以从纤维材料之间逸出。
在注入方法的情况下,优选长的开放时间,因此所述聚氨酯基质树脂应优选不含催化剂。或者,可以使用延迟或温度活化的催化剂。流入纤维材料、气泡的位移和模具填充可以在延长的时间内进行。由于反应的进展缓慢,纤维材料可以完全嵌入到基质材料中。
在RTM方法的情况下,模具填充在短时间内进行。将聚氨酯基质树脂在压力下引入模具中。低的初始粘度会确保纤维的快速嵌入。在该实施方案中,所述组合物优选还含有催化剂。在短时间后,后者加速反应并因此使固化快速进行。这也可以通过升高的温度而得到辅助。然后可以在模具中停留很短的时间。
由于在混合后开始形成大分子,因此方便的是仅生产并直接加工所需量的聚氨酯基质树脂混合物,或者在另一种方法中,连续生产聚氨酯基质树脂并将其引入模具中。
一旦模具填充后,则聚氨酯基质树脂开始固化。如上所述,固化优选在增压下进行,如通过注射而实现。这有助于防止起泡。固化可在没有额外加热的情况下而进行。由大分子形成而引起的反应热不会导致底材的局部过热。可以加热该填充的模具以使交联反应加速。可以加热到最高140℃、优选60至120℃的温度,因此会确保更快的反应速率。因此,模制部件可以更早地从模具中移除,然后可用于进一步的工作操作。
通过本方法的目标温度控制可以实现固化的加速,而不必通过选择聚氨酯基质树脂。由于本发明的组合物,可以生产纤维增强的复合材料,其显示出较少的缺陷、改善的机械强度,并且由于固化的聚氨酯基质树脂的热塑性质而允许后固化形状的改性。
本发明的组合物或本发明的纤维增强复合材料可以用于铁路车辆、汽车、飞机、船舶、航天器、摩托车、自行车、体育用品,例如滑雪板、滑雪板、球拍、高尔夫球杆、钓鱼竿、棒球棒、冰球棒、箭头、射箭弓、冲浪板和标枪、训练设备、手机和笔记本电脑外壳、头盔、功能性服装、鞋子、桥梁和建筑物中的建筑部件或风力涡轮机叶片中。
具体实施方式
实施例
实施例1:热塑性聚氨酯基质树脂组合物
Tg:118℃
实施例2:热塑性聚氨酯基质树脂组合物
Tg:88℃
实施例3:热塑性聚氨酯基质树脂组合物
Tg:83℃
实施例4:热塑性聚氨酯基质树脂组合物
Tg:85℃
实施例5:热塑性聚氨酯基质树脂组合物
Tg:83℃
实施例6:热塑性聚氨酯基质树脂组合物
Tg:83℃
对比实施例1:热塑性聚氨酯基质树脂组合物
Tg:78℃
对比实施例2:热塑性聚氨酯基质树脂组合物
Tg:70℃。
Claims (10)
1.一种热塑性聚氨酯基质树脂组合物,其包含:
(i)至少一种式(I)的C3-8链烷二醇
其中,
R1、R1′、R2、R2′、R3和R3′各自独立地选自H和经取代或未经取代的C1-4烷基;及
n为0、1、2或3,优选为0;
其中,若n=0、2或3,则R1、R1′、R2和R2′至少之一为经取代或未经取代的C1-4烷基;
(ii)至少一种聚异氰酸酯;及
(iii)至少一种烷氧基化的芳族二醇。
2.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中,
(a)n=0;和/或
(b)R1′或R2′或两者均为H;和/或
(c)R1和/或R2选自甲基和乙基,优选为甲基。
3.根据权利要求1或2的组合物,其中式(I)的二醇选自以下组中:2,3–丁二醇、2,3–戊二醇、2,3–己二醇、3,4–己二醇、1,2–丙二醇、1,3–丙二醇、1,2–丁二醇、1,2–戊二醇、1,2–己二醇,优选为2,3–丁二醇和1,2–丙二醇,更优选为2,3–丁二醇。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一的组合物,其中组合的组分(i)和(iii)的OH基团与所述聚异氰酸酯(ii)的NCO基团的摩尔比为2:1至1:10,优选为2:1至1:5,最优选为2:1至1:2。
5.根据权利要求1至4之一的组合物,其中至少一种聚异氰酸酯选自芳族聚异氰酸酯,优选选自以下组中:4,4′–二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、2,4′–二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、聚合的4,4′–二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、聚合的2,4′–二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯以及上述的混合物。
6.根据权利要求1至5之一的组合物,其中至少一种烷氧基化的芳族二醇为式(II)的化合物:
其中,Rx选自CH2、CH(CH3)或C(CH3)2,Ry为H且Rz为甲基,或者Ry为甲基且Rz为H,并且n、n′、m和m′的值使得n+n′+m+m′=1至20,优选n+n′+m+m′=1至8。
7.根据权利要求1至6之一的组合物,其中所述热塑性聚氨酯基质树脂组合物还包含至少一种催化剂。
8.包含根据权利要求1至7之一的固化的热塑性聚氨酯基质树脂组合物的纤维增强的复合材料,其特征在于,基于所述纤维增强的复合材料的总体积,所含的纤维材料的比例大于30体积%。
9.制备根据权利要求8的纤维增强的复合材料的方法,其包括以下步骤:
1)提供包含所述纤维材料的外部模具;
2)优选在压力下,将根据权利要求1至7之一的热塑性聚氨酯基质树脂组合物引入所述模具中;及
3)在最高140℃、优选60至120℃的温度下使所述组合物固化。
10.根据权利要求1至7之一的组合物或根据权利要求8的纤维增强的复合材料在铁路车辆、汽车、飞机、船舶、航天器、摩托车、自行车、体育用品、训练设备、手机和笔记本电脑外壳、头盔、功能性服装、鞋子、桥梁和建筑物中的建筑部件或风力涡轮机叶片中的用途。
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