CN110063213A - A kind of method of the wild rice stem plantation high-yield cultivating of torrid areas - Google Patents
A kind of method of the wild rice stem plantation high-yield cultivating of torrid areas Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method of the wild rice stem of torrid areas plantation high-yield cultivating, include the following steps: that (1) variety selection and hay kind are screened, selects double season hays；(2) nursery, the kind Jiao Dun by aerial part is sliced off and with soil are stored 1~3 month in 0~5 DEG C of freezer, are taken out and are carried out nursery；(3) zizania latifoliai field selection is handled with base manure, applies pig manure or 3~4 tons of chicken manure, 8~10kg of ternary compound fertilizer per acre before field planting；(4) it is colonized, shallow water is first filled before field planting, planting density is 1100~1300 plants, 0.8~1.2m of line-spacing, 0.4~0.6m of spacing in the rows per acre；(5) field management, field planting starts dry field one week after a week, then shallow water position, dry field each one week are filled again, then fill deep water until harvesting, and need to be spaced and spray within one week 2 fenaminosulfs, 472.5 grams of effective component are sprayed per acre, (6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, (7) harvest in time, and the wild rice stem per mu yield that the present invention realizes torrid areas reaches 3500kg or more, and wild rice stem can harvest in 1~2 month in winter, solve the problems, such as wild rice stem main producing region winter insufficient supply.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to the side of the wild rice stem plantation high-yield cultivating of a kind of torrid areas
Method.
Background technique
White Zizania latifolia (Griseb.) Stapf of water chestnut is the distinctive aquatic vegetable in China, and nutritive value is higher,
It is known as " ginseng waterborne ", the heat that has effects that dispel promotes the production of body fluid, quenches the thirst, diuresis, dehumidifying, tonneau.Chinese medicine thinks that wild rice stem cures mainly summer-heat and damp abdomen
Bitterly, the diseases such as the chronic heat of middle coke, polydipsia, difficulty in urination and defecation and wine poison, cream be few.Plantation is concentrated mainly on middle and lower reach of Yangtze River province at present,
Such as Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Fujian, Hubei province like being very that in the streets spreading " would rather nothing on the one with Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces to wild rice stem
Meat, can not one day without wild rice stem ".The Zizania latifolia Cultivars in China are relatively more, are broadly divided into single cropping hay and double season hays, Yangtze river basin wild rice stem master
Single cropping hay being produced for the autumn and two class of Qiu Xiashuan season hay, single cropping hay dividing pier to be colonized in Clear and Bright to grain rains, the double season hays of summer and autumn can divide spring and autumn
In two seasons, before and after grain rains, the autumn was planted in front of and after the beginning of autumn for spring planting.Double season hays are primary in early June to the last ten-days period pregnant hay, late August to September
The last ten-days period, pregnant hay was primary again.Single cropping hay is late August to the early September pregnant hay of, although wild rice stem can be cold storage 1~2 month after harvesting,
But in 1~2 month around the Spring Festival, usually purchase is less than fresh wild rice stem in the market, if therefore being capable of pregnant hay knot during this period
Hay will obtain huge economic benefit.
The edible part of wild rice stem is its abnormal meat tender stem, formation basic theory be plant endobiosis a kind of edible fungus
Smut, its mycelia follow plant strain growth, to scape tissue when heading by this mycelium metabolite-heteroauxin
Stimulation enlarges into the tender fleshy stem of fertilizer, and the quality key of wild rice stem is the growth and development situation of smut, smut
The influence of growth and metabolism vulnerable to external factor such as temperature and nutritional condition, such as the optimum temperature of the pregnant hay of wild rice stem is 15~25
DEG C, and lower than 10 DEG C or higher than 30 DEG C, it all will not pregnant hay.Hainan Province is the main winter vegetable farm in China, and winter is average
Temperature is higher than 18.5 DEG C, and the warm winter environment in Hainan Province is very suitable to tiller and the knot hay of wild rice stem, but from 80 years 20th century
All previous introduction and Experiment is failed since generation, and Hainan Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Vegetable Research Institute in 2017 is from Hubei Wuhan, Guangzhou willow
18 single cropping, double-season early rice kinds are introduced a fine variety in the ground such as state, Lishui of Zhejiang and Jinhua, and wherein the highest kind of yield is respectively double season hays
3 hay of Jinjiao No.1 and single cropping hay list, per mu yield are only respectively 1616kg and 1610kg (Li Deming, Cai Xinglai, Hainan Zizania latifolia Cultivars
Comparative test, hubei agricultural science, 2017,56 (4): 674-677), and usually high yield wild rice stem per mu yield is up to 4000kg (Zhou Li
Red, the public vermachen of clock, Guo get Ping, Wang Shankang, wild rice stem new varieties worship hay No.1 and introduce a fine variety performance test, modern agriculture in Ningbo City Yinzhou District
Science and technology, 2015,15:98,105).Therefore, at present wild rice stem torrid areas introduce a fine variety otherwise failure or yield can not be with main product
Area compares, through analyzed its main problem also reside in existing cultivation technique and torrid areas weather and soil characteristic it is inadaptable, this
Invention will provide a kind of torrid areas wild rice stem plantation high yield method, will realize that torrid areas Water Bamboo Yield reaches and surpasses with this method
Main producing region is crossed, but also wild rice stem listing around the Spring Festival may be implemented, has filled up winter wild rice stem market.
Summary of the invention
In consideration of it, the present invention be result by summarizing current Hainan Province's wild rice stem introduction and Experiment and there are the problem of, propose
One kind can effectively improve Water Bamboo Yield torrid areas wild rice stem plantation high-yield cultivating method, solve current torrid areas
The low problem with main producing region winter insufficient supply of Water Bamboo Yield.
Technical solution of the present invention is achieved by the steps of:
A kind of method of the wild rice stem plantation high-yield cultivating of torrid areas, includes the following steps:
(1) variety selection and hay kind are screened
It selects double season hays to carry out division propagations, filters out that stooling is strong, hay meat is stout and strong delicate, it is disease-free without male hay, grey hay
Kind strain；
(2) nursery
Kind Jiao Dun by aerial part is sliced off and with soil is stored 1~3 month in 0~5 DEG C of freezer, and taking-up, which is placed in, educates
Seedling Tanaka carries out nursery；Seedling to nursery Tanaka is long to 5~10cm, and each kind of hay pier tillering seedling uses sharp knife up to 40~80
Kind of a Jiao Dun is rived, several small piers are divided into, every pier retains tillering seedling 15~20；
(3) zizania latifoliai field selection is handled with base manure
The selection paddy field that plumbing is convenient, fertility is good is for transplanting wild rice stem；Before wild rice stem field planting, plot is turned over one time,
And it needs to use sufficient base manure before field planting, applies pig manure or 3~4 tons of chicken manure, 8~10kg of ternary compound fertilizer per acre；
(4) it is colonized
According to harvest time arrange resident time, wild rice stem since field planting to harvesting need 65~75 days, the tiller of wild rice stem and
Pregnant hay in October to next year 5 it is monthly can；Shallow water is filled before Seeding planting, first will not float i.e. in old stem and seedling base portion insertion mud
Can, planting density is 1100~1300 plants, 0.8~1.2m of line-spacing, 0.4~0.6m of spacing in the rows per acre；
(5) field management
1. water layer management
The water level of zizania latifoliai field is shallow water position (5~8cm of the depth of water) when field planting, carries out dry field processing after being colonized one week, with not existing
Crack shows silk hair crack only for degree, and dry field fills shallow water again after a week, and shallow water position keeps after a week dry field one week again, then
Deep water (water level is maintained at 18~22cm, and is no more than wild rice stem eye) is filled, until harvesting；
2. top dressing management
3~5kg of ternary compound fertilizer is chased after per acre in the pregnant hay phase, not Nitrogen Top Dressing；
3. progestogenic hay is handled
A fenaminosulf is sprayed to tillering seedling length to 70~80cm, then every spraying 1 fenaminosulf again after a week, twice
Spraying concentration is all 472.5 grams/acre of effective component；
(6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Using carbendazim and jinggangmeisu control rust and helminthosporium leaf spot, by periodically carrying out Artificially taking away the egg cases or spray
Niclosamide prevention and treatment Pomacea canaliculata is applied, carries out vole prevention and treatment by placing rat poison trapping；
(7) it harvests
Harvesting standard is lobus cardiacus cripetura, and the blades of 3 close-fitting leaves, the obvious beam in leaf sheath junction are at waisted, the pregnant hay portion of wild rice stem
Position obviously is expanded, and leaf sheath splits micro- dew hay meat, and exposed portion can be harvested no more than 1.0~1.5cm.
The present invention handles by using freezer suspend mode during wild rice stem growing and cultivation and sprays fenaminosulf to realize hay
1~2 month of Bai Dongji harvests, and the high yield of wild rice stem is realized by Optimization Planting density, fertilizing method and water layer management.
Wherein, although China's Zizania latifolia Cultivars are various at present, according to the unique weather conditions in torrid areas, present invention choosing
Double season hays, such as Zhejiang hay 6 are selected, can further shorten growth cycle in conjunction with warm tropical climate condition, improve annual output.
On the one hand the present invention can effectively reduce kind of a hay pier nutrients mass flow by the way that the kind Jiao Dun with soil is carried out freezer suspend mode processing
It loses, it on the other hand can be with flexible modulation implantation time.Additionally by tillering seedling it is long to 70~80cm when spray high agent in two times
The fenaminosulf of amount carries out the processing of progestogenic hay to wild rice stem, it is ensured that wild rice stem simultaneously pregnant hay rate up to 90% or more.By handling above
The winter unified harvesting of torrid areas wild rice stem may be implemented.
More scientific reasonable cultivation step is further needed exist for, wild rice stem high yield is just able to achieve.For torrid areas soil fertilizer
Hypodynamic problem, the present invention have found that wild rice stem growth requirement is not achieved in the fertility of sheep dung and cow dung according to pre-stage test, need to apply
With pig manure or chicken manure, and dose will reach 3~4 tons per acre.Since the high yield of wild rice stem abstains from plant overgrowing, when applying fertilizer
Want Shaoshi or not nitrogen fertilizer application (such as ammonium bicarbonate and urea), and Rational Application compound fertilizer (pregnant hay fertilizer).The thickness of stalk and the production of wild rice stem
Measure it is directly related, in order to promote stalk sturdy, wild rice stem field planting to carry out dry field processing after a week, so that root system be promoted to stretch downwards
Exhibition guarantees that stalk is sturdy.In addition, plant strain growth is very fast since torrid areas mean temperature is higher, wild rice stem plantation must rationally be pacified
Seeding density in planting just can guarantee yield, and according to pre-stage test, the planting density of wild rice stem is 1100~1300 plants per acre, line-spacing 1
Rice, 0.5 meter of spacing in the rows.
It further illustrates, in step (2), kind of a Jiao Dun is rived with sharp knife, be divided into several small piers, every pier retains tillering seedling 15
~20.Since torrid areas mean temperature is higher, every pier retains tillering seedling 15~20, can guarantee the yield of later period wild rice stem
And condition, tillering seedling is less than the decline of 15 yield, the not only low output but also head is small more than 20.
It further illustrates, in step (2), the kind Jiao Dun by aerial part is sliced off and with soil is stored up in 2~3 DEG C of freezer
It deposits 1 month.Kind Jiao Dun band soil is subjected to freezer suspend mode, and its cold storing temperature (2~3 DEG C) of strict control and storage time (1
Month), kind of the storage of hay pier nutriment can be conducive to improve tiller number and guarantee that tillering seedling is healthy and strong, in addition cold storage suspend mode can
To guarantee later period wild rice stem pregnant hay in due course.
It further illustrates, in step (3), the base manure is using decomposed pig manure and chicken manure and dose reaches 3~4 per acre
Ton, ternary compound fertilizer N:P2O5:K2=15:15:15 or N:P2O5:K2O=17:17:17.Since wild rice stem belongs to fertilizer-favorable plant,
Especially organic manure, the fertility of torrid areas soil is not generally high in addition, therefore wants Shi Chongfei in torrid areas plantation wild rice stem.
It is found according to pre-stage test, applies the yield of the cow dung of same weight or the processing group wild rice stem of sheep dung than application pig manure or chicken manure
Processing group low output 20% or so, therefore plant wild rice stem be preferred with applying pig manure and chicken manure.It is further noted that torrid areas
Weather conditions are easy to cause plant to overgrow, therefore want Shaoshi or not nitrogen fertilizer application when fertilising.
It further illustrates, in step (4), planting density is 1100~1300 plants, line-spacing 1m, spacing in the rows 0.5m per acre.
It further illustrates, in step (4), shallow water is first filled before Seeding planting, being inserted into old stem and seedling base portion will not in mud
Float.If too deep in insertion mud when Seeding planting, it is unfavorable for tiller；If crossed shallowly, easy lodging is unfavorable for root of hair, and
And later period stalk is thinner.
It further illustrates, in the water layer management of step (5), progress dry field processing after being colonized one week, dry field is after a week again
Secondary filling shallow water, shallow water position keep after a week, being just able to maintain deep water level within dry field one week again.Dry field processing be conducive to wild rice stem root of hair and
Later period stalk is sturdy, and shallow water position ensure that the basic water requirement of wild rice stem seedling, and the later period fills deep water and avoids sunlight irradiation and temperature
It is excessively high, it ensure that the condition and quality of wild rice stem, but water level is no more than wild rice stem eye, in order to avoid influence the tiller of wild rice stem.
Further illustrate, in the processing of the progestogenic hay of step (5), interval sprays 2 fenaminosulfs in one week, spray per acre effectively at
Divide 472.5 grams.Fenaminosulf by spraying high dose can effectively promote the pregnant hay rate of wild rice stem.
It further illustrates, in step (7), it is disconnected that collecting method is that neat basal part of stem breaks a kind of sedge pipe, every hay when receiving 10 or more
Leaf, which stops up, is put into the edge of a field, and unified neat wild rice stem eye prescinds blade, retains the long 30~40cm of hay, and when harvesting avoids fleshy stem exposure
The young hay neighbouring with damage in the sun.Wild rice stem has to harvesting in time, this be guarantee one of Water Bamboo Yield and quality it is important
Link.If too early, wild rice stem is excessively tender, low output for harvesting；Harvest too late, hay meat pastiness, quality is coarse, and fiber increases, and quality becomes
It is bad.Also, when torrid areas harvests, the range for retaining hay length is tied up and controlled, fleshy stem solar exposure is avoided, thus
The problem of avoiding wild rice stem fleshy stem greening, the quality of wild rice stem caused to substantially reduce.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention is during wild rice stem growing and cultivation, by adopting
Fenaminosulf is handled and sprayed with freezer suspend mode to realize that 1~2 month of wild rice stem winter harvests, and passes through Optimization Planting density, fertilising side
Method and water layer management realize the high yield of wild rice stem.
Specific embodiment
In order to be best understood from the technology of the present invention content, specific embodiment is provided below, the present invention is described further.
Experimental method used in the embodiment of the present invention is conventional method unless otherwise specified.
Material used in the embodiment of the present invention, reagent etc., are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method of the wild rice stem plantation high-yield cultivating of torrid areas, includes the following steps:
(1) variety selection and hay kind are screened
Select double season hays " Zhejiang hay 6 ", carry out division propagation, filter out that stooling is strong, hay meat is stout and strong delicate, without male hay,
Grey hay, disease-free kind strain；
(2) nursery
Kind Jiao Dun by aerial part is sliced off and with soil is stored 1 month in 0 DEG C of freezer, and taking-up is placed in nursery Tanaka
Carry out nursery；Seedling to nursery Tanaka is long to 5~10cm, and each kind of hay pier tillering seedling will plant hay up to 40~80, with sharp knife
Pier is rived, and several small piers are divided into, and every pier retains tillering seedling 15；
(3) zizania latifoliai field selection is handled with base manure
The selection paddy field that plumbing is convenient, fertility is good is for transplanting wild rice stem；Before wild rice stem field planting, plot is turned over one time,
And it needs to use sufficient base manure before field planting, applies 4 tons of rotted pig manure, ternary compound fertilizer (N:P per acre2O5:K2=15:15:15) 8~
10kg；
(4) it is colonized
According to harvest time arrange resident time, wild rice stem since field planting to harvesting need 65~75 days, the tiller of wild rice stem and
The pregnant hay time is May October to next year；Shallow water is filled before Seeding planting, first will not float i.e. in old stem and seedling base portion insertion mud
Can, too deep tiller is not prosperous, too it is shallow then soil it is not firm, easy wind is floated, and planting density is 1300 plants, line-spacing 0.8m per acre, spacing in the rows
0.4m；
(5) field management
1. water layer management
The water level of zizania latifoliai field is shallow water position (5~8cm of the depth of water) when field planting, carries out dry field processing after being colonized one week, with not existing
Crack shows silk hair crack only for degree, and dry field fills shallow water again after a week, and shallow water position keeps after a week dry field one week again, then
Deep water (water level is maintained at 18~22cm, and is no more than wild rice stem eye) is filled, until harvesting；
2. top dressing management
Ternary compound fertilizer 5kg is chased after per acre in the pregnant hay phase, not Nitrogen Top Dressing；
3. progestogenic hay is handled
A fenaminosulf is sprayed to 70cm to tillering seedling is long, then every spraying 1 fenaminosulf again after a week, spraying twice
Concentration is all 472.5 grams/acre of effective component；
(6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Common disease and pest on wild rice stem mainly includes that rust, helminthosporium leaf spot, Pomacea canaliculata and vole bite, using carbendazim and
Jinggangmeisu carries out control rust and helminthosporium leaf spot, prevents and treats Fu Shou by periodically carrying out Artificially taking away the egg cases or spraying niclosamide
Spiral shell carries out vole prevention and treatment by placing rat poison trapping；And pay attention to destruction of the swamp eel to ridge；
(7) it harvests
The standard of harvesting is lobus cardiacus cripetura, and the blades of 3 close-fitting leaves, the obvious beam in leaf sheath junction are at waisted, the pregnant hay of wild rice stem
Position is obviously expanded, and leaf sheath splits micro- dew hay meat, and exposed portion, which is no more than 1.0~1.5cm, to be harvested；Collecting method is neat stem
Base portion breaks a kind of sedge pipe disconnected, and every stopped up when receiving 10 or more with hay leaf is put into the edge of a field, and unified neat wild rice stem eye prescinds blade, retains
Hay grows 30~40cm, when harvesting avoid fleshy stem exposure in the sun with damage neighbouring young hay.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method of the wild rice stem plantation high-yield cultivating of torrid areas, includes the following steps:
(1) variety selection and hay kind are screened
Select double season hays " Zhejiang hay 6 ", carry out division propagation, filter out that stooling is strong, hay meat is stout and strong delicate, without male hay,
Grey hay, disease-free kind strain；
(2) nursery
Kind Jiao Dun by aerial part is sliced off and with soil is stored 3 months in 5 DEG C of freezer, and taking-up is placed in nursery Tanaka
Carry out nursery；Seedling to nursery Tanaka is long to 5~10cm, and each kind of hay pier tillering seedling will plant hay up to 40~80, with sharp knife
Pier is rived, and several small piers are divided into, and every pier retains tillering seedling 20；
(3) zizania latifoliai field selection is handled with base manure
The Tian Yang of the selection former years rice cultivation that plumbing is convenient, fertility is good is for transplanting wild rice stem；It, will before wild rice stem field planting
Plot is turned over one time, and needs to use sufficient base manure before field planting, applies 4 tons of Chicken dung, ternary compound fertilizer (N:P per acre2O5:K2O
=17:17:17) 8~10kg mus；
(4) it is colonized
According to harvest time arrange resident time, wild rice stem since field planting to harvesting need 65~75 days, the tiller of wild rice stem and
The pregnant hay time is May October to next year；Shallow water is filled before Seeding planting, first will not float i.e. in old stem and seedling base portion insertion mud
Can, too deep tiller is not prosperous, too it is shallow then soil it is not firm, easy wind is floated, and planting density is 1100 plants, line-spacing 1.2m per acre, spacing in the rows
0.6m；
(5) field management
1. water layer management
The water level of zizania latifoliai field is shallow water position (5~8cm of the depth of water) when field planting, carries out dry field processing after being colonized one week, with not existing
Crack shows silk hair crack only for degree, and dry field fills shallow water again after a week, and shallow water position keeps after a week dry field one week again, then
Deep water (water level is maintained at 18~22cm, and is no more than wild rice stem eye) is filled, until harvesting；
2. top dressing management
Ternary compound fertilizer 3kg is chased after per acre in the pregnant hay phase, not Nitrogen Top Dressing；
3. progestogenic hay is handled
A fenaminosulf is sprayed to 80cm to tillering seedling is long, then every spraying 1 fenaminosulf again after a week, spraying twice
Concentration is all 472.5 grams/acre of effective component；
(6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Common disease and pest on wild rice stem mainly includes that rust, helminthosporium leaf spot, Pomacea canaliculata and vole bite, using carbendazim and
Jinggangmeisu carries out control rust and helminthosporium leaf spot, prevents and treats Fu Shou by periodically carrying out Artificially taking away the egg cases or spraying niclosamide
Spiral shell carries out vole prevention and treatment by placing rat poison trapping；And pay attention to destruction of the swamp eel to ridge；
(7) it harvests
The standard of harvesting is lobus cardiacus cripetura, and the blades of 3 close-fitting leaves, the obvious beam in leaf sheath junction are at waisted, the pregnant hay of wild rice stem
Position is obviously expanded, and leaf sheath splits micro- dew hay meat, and exposed portion, which is no more than 1.0~1.5cm, to be harvested；Collecting method is neat stem
Base portion breaks a kind of sedge pipe disconnected, and every stopped up when receiving 10 or more with hay leaf is put into the edge of a field, and unified neat wild rice stem eye prescinds blade, retains
Hay grows 30~40cm, when harvesting avoid fleshy stem exposure in the sun with damage neighbouring young hay.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method of the wild rice stem plantation high-yield cultivating of torrid areas, includes the following steps:
(1) variety selection and hay kind are screened
Select double season hays " Zhejiang hay 6 ", carry out division propagation, filter out that stooling is strong, hay meat is stout and strong delicate, without male hay,
Grey hay, disease-free kind strain；
(2) nursery
Kind Jiao Dun by aerial part is sliced off and with soil is stored 2 months in 2 DEG C of freezer, and taking-up is placed in nursery Tanaka
Carry out nursery；Seedling to nursery Tanaka is long to 5~10cm, and each kind of hay pier tillering seedling will plant hay up to 40~80, with sharp knife
Pier is rived, and several small piers are divided into, and every pier retains tillering seedling 18；
(3) zizania latifoliai field selection is handled with base manure
The Tian Yang of the selection former years rice cultivation that plumbing is convenient, fertility is good is for transplanting wild rice stem；It, will before wild rice stem field planting
Plot is turned over one time, and needs to use sufficient base manure before field planting, applies 3 tons of Chicken dung, ternary compound fertilizer (N:P per acre2O5:K2O
=17:17:17) 8~10kg；
(4) it is colonized
According to harvest time arrange resident time, wild rice stem since field planting to harvesting need 65~75 days, the tiller of wild rice stem and
The pregnant hay time is May October to next year；Shallow water is filled before Seeding planting, first will not float i.e. in old stem and seedling base portion insertion mud
Can, too deep tiller is not prosperous, too it is shallow then soil it is not firm, easy wind is floated, and planting density is 1200 plants, line-spacing 1.0m per acre, spacing in the rows
0.5m；
(5) field management
1. water layer management
The water level of zizania latifoliai field is shallow water position (5~8cm of the depth of water) when field planting, carries out dry field processing after being colonized one week, with not existing
Crack shows silk hair crack only for degree, and dry field fills shallow water again after a week, and shallow water position keeps after a week dry field one week again, then
Deep water (water level is maintained at 18~22cm, and is no more than wild rice stem eye) is filled, until harvesting；
2. top dressing management
Ternary compound fertilizer 4kg is chased after per acre in the pregnant hay phase, not Nitrogen Top Dressing；
3. progestogenic hay is handled
A fenaminosulf is sprayed to 75cm to tillering seedling is long, then every spraying 1 fenaminosulf again after a week, spraying twice
Concentration is all 472.5 grams/acre of effective component；
(6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Common disease and pest on wild rice stem mainly includes that rust, helminthosporium leaf spot, Pomacea canaliculata and vole bite, using carbendazim and
Jinggangmeisu carries out control rust and helminthosporium leaf spot, prevents and treats Fu Shou by periodically carrying out Artificially taking away the egg cases or spraying niclosamide
Spiral shell carries out vole prevention and treatment by placing rat poison trapping；And pay attention to destruction of the swamp eel to ridge；
(7) it harvests
The standard of harvesting is lobus cardiacus cripetura, and the blades of 3 close-fitting leaves, the obvious beam in leaf sheath junction are at waisted, the pregnant hay of wild rice stem
Position is obviously expanded, and leaf sheath splits micro- dew hay meat, and exposed portion, which is no more than 1.0~1.5cm, to be harvested；Collecting method is neat stem
Base portion breaks a kind of sedge pipe disconnected, and every stopped up when receiving 10 or more with hay leaf is put into the edge of a field, and unified neat wild rice stem eye prescinds blade, retains
Hay grows 30~40cm, when harvesting avoid fleshy stem exposure in the sun with damage neighbouring young hay.
Comparative example 1- plants high-yield cultivating method according to the wild rice stem of embodiment 3, only changes the step in (2) at freezer suspend mode
Reason, the kind hay pier direct nursery that aerial part will be sliced off and handled without freezer suspend mode；Remaining cultivation condition and processing with reality
It is identical to apply example 3.
Comparative example 2- plants high-yield cultivating method according to the wild rice stem of embodiment 3, only changes the step in (3), every before field planting
Mu applies pig manure or 2 tons of chicken manure, ternary compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=17:17:17) 8~10kg；Remaining cultivation condition and processing are equal
It is same as Example 3.
Comparative example 3- plants high-yield cultivating method according to the wild rice stem of embodiment 3, only changes the step in (4), planting density is
1500 plants per acre, line-spacing 0.5m, spacing in the rows 0.3m；Remaining cultivation condition and processing are same as Example 3
Comparative example 4- plants high-yield cultivating method according to the wild rice stem of embodiment 3, only changes the step progestogenic hay in (5) and handles,
Only spray 1 fenaminosulf；Remaining cultivation condition and processing are same as Example 3.
It will be handled according to the wild rice stem growing and cultivation of Examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1~4, while starting nursery October,
And harvested in early January next year, and count the economical character of wild rice stem, the result is as follows:
It can be seen that in comparative example 1 according to upper table, due to the direct nursery without freezer suspend mode processing, plant Jiao Dunying
It supports substance to be lost, be reduced compared with the tiller number of embodiment, average hay is wide, single shell hay reduces again, the reduction of single cropping per mu yield；Comparative example
Amount in 2 using pig manure or chicken manure is lower than the usage amount that this patent requires, and leads to that average hay is wide, single shell hay is far below implementation again
Example, thus yield is relatively low；In comparative example 3, since planting density is larger, lead to that average hay is wide, single shell hay reduces again, single cropping
Per mu yield reduces；1 fenaminosulf is only sprayed in comparative example 4, and the pregnant hay rate of wild rice stem is caused to be significantly lower than embodiment, therefore per mu yield
It reduces；And the wild rice stem for the torrid areas recommended according to the present invention plants high-yield cultivating method, and wild rice stem not only may be implemented in January
Listing, and single cropping per mu yield can reach 4000kg or more, wherein with the wild rice stem cultivation condition of embodiment 3 for optimal, single cropping
Per mu yield can reach 4171kg, and pregnant hay rate reaches 96.2%.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Within mind and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method of the wild rice stem plantation high-yield cultivating of torrid areas, characterized by the following steps:
(1) variety selection and hay kind are screened
It selects double season hays to carry out division propagations, filters out that stooling is strong, hay meat is stout and strong delicate, without male hay, grey hay, disease-free kind
Strain；
(2) nursery
Kind Jiao Dun by aerial part is sliced off and with soil is stored 1~3 month in 0~5 DEG C of freezer, and taking-up is placed in nursery field
Middle carry out nursery；Seedling to nursery Tanaka is long to 5~10cm, and each kind of hay pier tillering seedling will be planted up to 40~80 with sharp knife
Jiao Dun rives, and is divided into several small piers, and every pier retains tillering seedling 15~20；
(3) zizania latifoliai field selection is handled with base manure
The selection paddy field that plumbing is convenient, fertility is good is for transplanting wild rice stem；Before wild rice stem field planting, plot is turned over one time, and
It needs to use sufficient base manure before field planting, applies pig manure or 3~4 tons of chicken manure, 8~10kg of ternary compound fertilizer per acre；
(4) it is colonized
Resident time is arranged according to harvest time, the harvesting to needs 65~75 days wild rice stem since field planting, the tiller of wild rice stem and pregnant hay
In October to next year 5 it is monthly can；Shallow water is first filled before Seeding planting, will not float in old stem and seedling base portion insertion mud,
Planting density is 1100~1300 plants, 0.8~1.2m of line-spacing, 0.4~0.6m of spacing in the rows per acre；
(5) field management
1. water layer management
The water level of zizania latifoliai field is shallow water position when field planting, and the depth of water is 5~8cm, dry field processing is carried out after being colonized one week, not show crack
Or only showing silk hair crack is degree, dry field fills shallow water again after a week, and shallow water position keeps after a week dry field one week again, then fills deep
Water, holding water level is 18~22cm, and is no more than wild rice stem eye, until harvesting；
2. top dressing management
3~5kg of ternary compound fertilizer is chased after per acre in the pregnant hay phase, not Nitrogen Top Dressing；
3. progestogenic hay is handled
A fenaminosulf is sprayed to 70~80cm to tillering seedling is long, then every spraying 1 fenaminosulf again after a week, spraying twice
Concentration is all 472.5 grams/acre of effective component；
(6) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Using carbendazim and jinggangmeisu control rust and helminthosporium leaf spot, killed by periodically carrying out Artificially taking away the egg cases or spraying
Spiral shell amine prevents and treats Pomacea canaliculata, carries out vole prevention and treatment by placing rat poison trapping；
(7) it harvests
Harvesting standard is lobus cardiacus cripetura, and at waisted, the pregnant hay position of wild rice stem is bright for the blades of 3 close-fitting leaves, the obvious beam in leaf sheath junction
Aobvious to expand, leaf sheath splits micro- dew hay meat, and exposed portion can be harvested no more than 1.0~1.5cm.
2. a kind of method of the wild rice stem plantation high-yield cultivating of torrid areas according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
(2) in, the kind Jiao Dun by aerial part is sliced off and with soil is stored 1 month in 2~3 DEG C of freezer.
3. a kind of method of the wild rice stem plantation high-yield cultivating of torrid areas according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
(3) in, the base manure uses decomposed pig manure and chicken manure, ternary compound fertilizer N:P2O5:K2=15:15:15 or N:P2O5:K2O
=17:17:17.
4. a kind of method of the wild rice stem plantation high-yield cultivating of torrid areas according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
(4) in, planting density is 1100~1300 plants, line-spacing 1m, spacing in the rows 0.5m per acre.
5. a kind of method of the wild rice stem plantation high-yield cultivating of torrid areas according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step
(7) in, it is disconnected that collecting method is that neat basal part of stem breaks a kind of sedge pipe, and every stopped up when receiving 10 or more with hay leaf is put into the edge of a field, unified
Neat wild rice stem eye prescinds blade, retains the long 30~40cm of hay, when harvesting avoid fleshy stem exposure in the sun with damage neighbouring children
Hay.
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| CN115053722A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-09-16 | 金华市农业科学研究院(浙江省农业机械研究院) | Water amount control equipment and method for verifying influence of soil water content on effective tillering number of cane shoots |
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Effective date of registration: 20240306 Address after: 201, Building A, Haikou Thermal Science Plaza, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, No. 4 Xueyuan Road, Longhua District, Haikou City, Hainan Province, 570100 Patentee after: He Yan Country or region after: China Address before: 571101 No. 4, Longhua, Haikou District, Hainan, Xueyuan Road Patentee before: Analysis & Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Country or region before: China |