CN110057343B - Method for measuring angle and monitoring plane displacement by using total station - Google Patents

Method for measuring angle and monitoring plane displacement by using total station Download PDF

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CN110057343B
CN110057343B CN201910457058.1A CN201910457058A CN110057343B CN 110057343 B CN110057343 B CN 110057343B CN 201910457058 A CN201910457058 A CN 201910457058A CN 110057343 B CN110057343 B CN 110057343B
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monitoring
observation
monitoring point
coordinates
total station
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CN110057343A (en
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刘垚
朱建峰
许俊伟
刘国良
尹鹏程
刘玉涛
卢金栋
马宏建
李治国
李坤
李学刚
张泽卫
卢卫锋
刘坤昊
肖方奇
姜山
刘建军
李秋光
夏晟
王洋洋
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China Railway Tunnel Group Co Ltd CRTG
CRTG Survey and Design Institute Co Ltd
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China Railway Tunnel Group Co Ltd CRTG
CRTG Survey and Design Institute Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C3/00—Measuring distances in line of sight; Optical rangefinders
    • G01C3/10—Measuring distances in line of sight; Optical rangefinders using a parallactic triangle with variable angles and a base of fixed length in the observation station, e.g. in the instrument

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for measuring angle and monitoring plane displacement by using a total station, which comprises the following steps: setting at least one monitoring point on a monitored target; establishing two forced centering observation piers in a stable area near a monitored target, establishing a coordinate system, enabling the observation pier A and the observation pier B to be located under the same coordinate system, and measuring the coordinates of the observation pier A and the observation pier B; respectively observing rear view points corresponding to the observation pillars A and B from the observation pillars A and B by using a total station, and respectively obtaining a horizontal angle alpha and a horizontal angle beta of corresponding monitoring points under the generated coordinate system; and obtaining the coordinates of the monitoring points by simultaneous equations according to the horizontal angle and the position of the observation pier. By adopting the method of the invention and using the total station to measure the angle and monitor the plane displacement, the influence of the terrain and the climate on the angle measurement precision can be avoided, and the monitoring precision is effectively improved.

Description

Method for measuring angle and monitoring plane displacement by using total station
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering monitoring, and particularly relates to a method for measuring angle monitoring plane displacement by using a total station.
Background
In the civil engineering construction process, peripheral sensitive buildings or projects need to be monitored frequently, and currently, a total station is mainly used for measuring plane coordinates for monitoring plane displacement, but the total station has great influence on the measurement distance due to the sight distance and the climate, so that the monitoring precision cannot meet the requirements of on-site production and specifications.
At present, in order to improve the precision of monitoring the plane displacement of a building by a total station, an observation position is mainly close to a target point, so that the observation visual range is shortened; or when weather conditions are good. However, as the urbanization process in China is increasingly accelerated, many civil engineering surroundings cannot be observed in a short distance, or observation cannot be performed after meteorological conditions are stable, so that the original method for monitoring by using a total station needs to be improved, and the influence of distance and climate on angle measurement accuracy can be avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for measuring angle monitoring plane displacement by using a total station, aiming at the defects of the prior art, so that the influence of terrain and weather on angle measurement precision can be avoided, and the monitoring precision is effectively improved.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the technical scheme that the method for measuring the angle and monitoring the plane displacement by using the total station comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting a monitoring point on a monitored target.
Establishing two forced centering observation piers, namely an observation pier A and an observation pier B, in a stable area near the monitored target, respectively arranging a rear viewpoint C and a rear viewpoint D in the stable area near the rear of the observation pier A and the observation pier B, wherein the rear viewpoint C is in direct view with the observation pier A, and the rear viewpoint D (2-2) is in direct view with the observation pier B; the observation pillars are not visible.
Establishing a coordinate system to enable the observation pier A and the observation pier B to be located under the same coordinate system, wherein the coordinate of the observation pier A is A (x)a，ya) And the coordinate of the B observation pier is B (x)b，yb) (ii) a The coordinate of the C rear viewpoint is C (x)c，yc) D coordinates of the rear viewpoint are D (x)d，yd) (ii) a Wherein: x is the number ofa、ya、xb、yb、xc、yc、xdAnd ydAre all natural numbers.
And step four, measuring the corresponding C rear viewpoint (2-1) from the observation pier A by using a total station, generating a coordinate system by using the total station, and measuring to obtain a horizontal angle alpha corresponding to the monitoring point under the generated coordinate system.
And measuring a corresponding D rear view point on the observation pier B by using a total station, generating a coordinate system by using the total station, and measuring to obtain a horizontal angle beta corresponding to the monitoring point under the generated coordinate system.
And fifthly, setting the coordinates of the monitoring points as (x, y), and obtaining the coordinates (x, y) corresponding to the monitoring points according to the coordinates and the horizontal angle of the observation pier A and the observation pier B in the step three. Obtaining the initial coordinates (x) of the monitoring points1，y1)。
Step six, when the plane displacement of the monitoring point needs to be obtained, repeating the step four and the step five to obtain the coordinate (x) of the monitoring point at the moment2，y2)。
Seventhly, coordinates (x) of the monitoring points are obtained2，y2) With initial coordinates (x)1Y1), and the obtained difference is the plane displacement of the monitoring point; the displacement amounts in each direction are as follows:
Δx＝x2-x1 (5)；
Δy＝y2-y1 (6)；
further, when a plurality of monitoring points are selected, each monitoring point is separately monitored, and when each monitoring point is detected, the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh steps are repeated to respectively obtain the plane displacement of each monitoring point, namely the plane displacement of the monitored target.
Further, the specific process of the fifth step is as follows: setting the coordinates (x, y) of the monitoring point, observing the coordinates A (x) of the pier by the A in the third stepa，ya) And the horizontal angle α in step four yields the following equation:
Figure BDA0002076913020000031
ka＝tanα (2)；
observing the coordinates B (x) of the pier (4) by the B in step threeb，yb) And the horizontal angle β in step four yields the following equation:
Figure BDA0002076913020000032
kb＝tanβ (4)；
and solving x and y by combining the above equations to obtain the corresponding coordinates (x, y) of the monitoring point.
Further, in the third step, a coordinate system is established by a wire measuring method.
The method for measuring the angle and monitoring the plane displacement by using the total station has the following advantages: the total station is used for measuring the angle and monitoring the plane displacement, the distance does not need to be measured in the process, the distance measurement error of the total station is avoided, the influence of the terrain and the weather on the distance measurement precision is avoided, and the monitoring precision is effectively improved.
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Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an arrangement for monitoring planar displacement according to the present invention.
Wherein: 1. a target point; 2-1.C rear viewpoint; 2-2.D rear viewpoint; 3.A observation pier; and 4.B observation pier.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a method for measuring angle and monitoring plane displacement by using a total station, which comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1:
step one, selecting a monitoring point 1 on a monitored target; the monitored object is a building.
Establishing two forced centering observation piers, namely an observation pier A3 and an observation pier B4, in a stable area near a monitored target, respectively, arranging a rear viewpoint C2-1 and a rear viewpoint D2-2 in a stable area near the rear parts of the observation pier A3 and the observation pier B4, respectively, enabling the rear viewpoint C2-1 to be in communication with the observation pier A3, and enabling the rear viewpoint D2-2 to be in communication with the observation pier B4; the observation piers are not in sight; no specific requirement exists between the C rear viewpoint 2-1 and the D rear viewpoint 2-2, and the vision can be performed or not.
For the case of blindness between observation piers, for example, observation pier 3A and observation pier 4B are in two different alleys. If the two mustaches are communicated at a distance, the C rear viewpoint 2-1 and the D rear viewpoint 2-2 can be established at the communicated positions, and at the moment, the two rear viewpoints are in communication; if the C back viewpoint 2-1 and the D back viewpoint 2-2 are not established at a place of communication, the two back viewpoints are not in sight.
In engineering measurement, a stable area is a relative concept, does not have an absolute standard, and needs to consider various influence factors of a peripheral area, such as other buildings, whether construction exists or not, and the judgment principle refers to an area with negligible displacement movement change.
Establishing a coordinate system to enable the observation pier 3A and the observation pier 4B to be located under the same coordinate system, wherein the coordinate of the observation pier 3A is A (x)a，ya) And the coordinate of the B observation pillar 4 is B (x)b，yb) (ii) a The coordinate of the rear viewpoint C is C (x)c，yc) The coordinate of the rear viewpoint D is D (x)d，yd) (ii) a Wherein: x is the number ofa、ya、xb、yb、xc、yc、xdAnd ydAre all natural numbers. And establishing a coordinate system by a wire measuring method.
And step four, measuring a corresponding C rear view point 2-1 from the observation pier A3 by using a total station, generating a coordinate system by using the total station, and measuring to obtain a horizontal angle alpha corresponding to the monitoring point 1 under the generated coordinate system. Since the coordinates of the C back viewpoint 2-1 and the coordinates of the A observation pier 3 are known, a unique coordinate system is generated after the total station measures the coordinates.
And measuring a corresponding D rear view point 2-2 from the observation pier 4B by using a total station, generating a coordinate system by using the total station, and measuring to obtain a horizontal angle beta corresponding to the monitoring point 1 under the generated coordinate system. Since the coordinates of the D rear view point 2-2 and the coordinates of the B observation pier 4 are known, a unique coordinate system is generated after the total station measures the coordinates.
Step five, setting the coordinates of the monitoring point 1 as (x, y), and observing the coordinate A (x) of the pier 3 by the coordinate A in the step threea，ya) And the horizontal angle α in step four yields the following equation:
Figure BDA0002076913020000051
ka＝tanα (2)；
the coordinates B (x) of the pier 4 are observed by B in step threeb，yb) And the horizontal angle β in step four yields the following equation:
Figure BDA0002076913020000052
kb＝tanβ (4)；
solving x and y by combining the above equations to obtain coordinates (x, y) corresponding to the monitoring point (1);
Figure BDA0002076913020000053
Figure BDA0002076913020000054
setting the initial coordinate of the corresponding monitoring point 1 as (x)1，y1) Substituting the initial coordinates into the formula in step five, where x1Substitution of x, y1Replacing y, calculating to obtain the initial coordinate (x) of the monitoring point 11，y1)。
Step six, when the plane displacement of the monitoring point (1) needs to be obtained, obtaining the coordinate (x) of the monitoring point (1) at the moment2，y2)。
Step seven, coordinates (x) of the monitoring point 1 are detected2，y2) With initial coordinates (x)1，y1) Comparing, wherein the difference is the plane displacement of the monitoring point 1; the displacement amounts in each direction are as follows:
Δx＝x2-x1 (5)；
Δy＝y2-y1 (6)。
when a plurality of monitoring points 1 are selected, each monitoring point 1 is separately monitored, and when each monitoring point is detected, the steps of four, five, six, seven and eight are repeated, so that the plane displacement of each monitoring point 1 is obtained, and the plane displacement of the monitored target is obtained.
For a general building, one monitoring point 1 cannot truly reflect whether a monitoring plane has displacement change, so that a plurality of monitoring points 1 are generally selected, and during monitoring, the monitoring points 1 are independent from each other, namely, the monitoring points 1 are respectively monitored. And finally, obtaining whether the displacement change of the monitored target occurs or not according to the displacement change value of each monitoring point 2. Specifically, whether the displacement change of each monitoring point 1 changes in the same direction or the change directions are not the same, and if the displacement change in the same direction, the change displacement of the monitored target is determined.
In the art, the unit chosen for monitoring is mm. Compared with the method commonly adopted in the prior art, the method in the prior art is characterized in that one observation pier is used as an observation pier, the other observation pier is used as a rear view point, the slope distance between the monitoring point and the total station and the included angle of the monitoring point are measured, and the coordinates of the monitoring point are obtained. In ranging, there is an error because the speed of light propagation changes, while the velocity of light in the total station is constant.
Selecting one monitoring point 1, setting A observation pier coordinates (1000 ), B observation pier coordinates (1114.2456, 921.0254) and monitoring point 1 coordinates (1189.2546, 1024.5443);
the data obtained using the prior art method are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 deviation of monitoring points measured by the prior art method
Number of observations 1 st time 2 nd time 3 rd time
X value of monitoring point 1189.2546 1189.2546 1189.2546
Y value of monitoring point 1024.5443 1024.5443 1024.5443
x difference value (m) 0.0009 -0.0003 0.0002
y difference value (m) -0.0006 -0.0005 0.0006
The data obtained by the method of the present invention are shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2 deviation of monitoring points measured by the method of the present invention
Number of observations 1 st time 2 nd time 3 rd time
Observation angle A 7°23′21.9″ 7°23′21.8″ 7°23′22.2″
Observation angle B 54°4′23.2″ 54°4′24.0″ 54°4′23.7″
X value of monitoring point 1189.2549 1189.2542 1189.2547
Y value of monitoring point 1024.5444 1024.5442 1024.5446
x difference value (m) -0.0003 0.0004 -0.0001
y difference value (m) -0.0001 -0.0002 -0.0003
In the construction field, during actual monitoring, the selected unit is mm, the same monitoring point is monitored three times by adopting the method in the prior art and the method in the application, the coordinates of the monitoring point are shown as x value and y value in tables 1 and 2, the deviation from the standard value is shown as x difference value and y difference value item in tables 1 and 2, and the data in tables 1 and 2 shows that the x difference value and the y difference value are smaller than the difference value of the method in the prior art by adopting the method in the invention. The method is suitable for field monitoring, and the monitoring precision of the monitoring points is improved.

Claims (4)

1. A method of measuring angular monitoring plane displacement using a total station, the method comprising the steps of:
step one, selecting a monitoring point (1) on a monitored target;
establishing two forced centering observation piers, namely an observation pier A (3) and an observation pier B (4), in a stable area near a monitored target, respectively, arranging a rear viewpoint C (2-1) and a rear viewpoint D (2-2) in a stable area near the rear of the observation pier A (3) and the observation pier B (4), wherein the rear viewpoint C (2-1) is in communication with the observation pier A (3), and the rear viewpoint D (2-2) is in communication with the observation pier B (4); the observation piers are not in sight;
establishing a coordinate system to enable the observation pier A (3) and the observation pier B (4) to be located under the same coordinate system, wherein the coordinate of the observation pier A (3) is A (x)a，ya) The coordinate of the B observation pillar (4) is B (x)b，yb) (ii) a The coordinate of the C rear viewpoint (2-1) is C (x)c，yc) And the coordinate of the D rear viewpoint (2-2) is D (x)d，yd) (ii) a Wherein: x is the number ofa、ya、xb、yb、xc、yc、xdAnd ydAre all natural numbers;
measuring the corresponding C rear viewpoint (2-1) from the observation pier A (3) by using a total station, generating a coordinate system by using the total station, and measuring to obtain a horizontal angle alpha corresponding to the monitoring point (1) under the generated coordinate system;
measuring a D rear viewpoint (2-2) from the observation pier (4) B by using a total station, generating a coordinate system by using the total station, and measuring to obtain a horizontal angle beta corresponding to the monitoring point (1) under the generated coordinate system;
fifthly, setting the coordinates of the monitoring point (1) as (x, y), and obtaining the coordinates (x, y) corresponding to the monitoring point (1) according to the coordinates and horizontal angles of the observation pier (3) A and the observation pier (4) B in the third step; the coordinate of the monitoring point (1) is marked as (x) in the primary monitoring1，y1)
Step six, when the plane displacement of the monitoring point (1) needs to be obtained, repeating the step four and the step five to obtain the coordinate (x) of the monitoring point (1) at the moment2，y2)；
Seventhly, coordinates (x) of the monitoring points (1) are obtained2，y2) With initial coordinates (x)1，y1) Comparing, wherein the obtained difference is the plane displacement of the monitoring point (1); the displacement amounts in each direction are as follows:
Δx＝x2-x1 (5)；
Δy＝y2-y1 (6)。
2. the method for measuring angular monitoring plane displacement by using a total station as claimed in claim 1, wherein when a plurality of monitoring points (1) are selected, each monitoring point (1) is separately monitored, and when each monitoring point is detected, the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh steps are repeated to obtain the plane displacement of each monitoring point (1) respectively, that is, the plane displacement of the monitored target is obtained.
3. The method for measuring angular monitoring plane displacement using a total station as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the specific procedure of step five is as follows: setting the coordinates (x, y) of the monitoring point (1);
observing the coordinates A (x) of the pier (3) from said A in step threea，ya) And the horizontal angle α in step four yields the following equation:
Figure FDA0002076913010000021
ka＝tanα (2)；
observing the coordinates B (x) of the pier (4) by the B in step threeb，yb) And the horizontal angle β in step four yields the following equation:
Figure FDA0002076913010000022
kb＝tanβ (4)；
and solving x and y by simultaneously solving the above equations to obtain the corresponding coordinates (x, y) of the monitoring point (1).
4. The method for measuring angular monitoring plane displacement using a total station as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the coordinate system is established by wire measurement in said three steps.
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102226697A (en) * 2011-04-12 2011-10-26 杨浩 Precise settlement monitoring method with total station instrument
CN102278970A (en) * 2011-06-14 2011-12-14 北京林业大学 Technique for monitoring positioning and deformation based on angular distance difference of total station
CN102409703A (en) * 2011-08-17 2012-04-11 北京交通大学 Monitoring method for horizontal displacement of foundation pit pile top and monitoring device thereof
CN104457684A (en) * 2014-12-31 2015-03-25 杨浩 Total station three-dimensional deformation monitoring method free from fixed station setting points
CN109269486A (en) * 2018-11-01 2019-01-25 中铁隧道局集团有限公司 A kind of modified total station monitoring displacement method of vibration

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5968626B2 (en) * 2012-01-11 2016-08-10 株式会社トプコン Attachment device and total station

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102226697A (en) * 2011-04-12 2011-10-26 杨浩 Precise settlement monitoring method with total station instrument
CN102278970A (en) * 2011-06-14 2011-12-14 北京林业大学 Technique for monitoring positioning and deformation based on angular distance difference of total station
CN102409703A (en) * 2011-08-17 2012-04-11 北京交通大学 Monitoring method for horizontal displacement of foundation pit pile top and monitoring device thereof
CN104457684A (en) * 2014-12-31 2015-03-25 杨浩 Total station three-dimensional deformation monitoring method free from fixed station setting points
CN109269486A (en) * 2018-11-01 2019-01-25 中铁隧道局集团有限公司 A kind of modified total station monitoring displacement method of vibration

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