CN105627918A - Axle hole reference on-site and quick leading out tool and method for visual precision measuring - Google Patents
Axle hole reference on-site and quick leading out tool and method for visual precision measuring Download PDFInfo
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- CN105627918A CN105627918A CN201410635996.3A CN201410635996A CN105627918A CN 105627918 A CN105627918 A CN 105627918A CN 201410635996 A CN201410635996 A CN 201410635996A CN 105627918 A CN105627918 A CN 105627918A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of geometric sense precision measuring and particularly relates to an axle hole reference on-site and quick leading out tool and method for visual precision measuring, aiming at providing a leading out tool and a leading out method. The tool comprises an axle reference leading out tool and a hole reference leading out tool. The method comprises following five steps: establishing a tool coordinate system, marking three-dimensional coordinate values of a center of a directional reflectance sphere on the tool coordinate system, mounting the axle hole reference on-site and quick leading out tool, measuring, and data processing. By use of the leading out tool and the method based on the tool, a measurement coordinate system and a work-piece coordinate system can be quickly established on-site when measuring a large mechanical part using a visual precision measuring system, wherein the work-piece coordinate system is defined based on a reference point which is an intersection point of an axis of an axle or a hole and a reference plane.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to geometric sense Technology of Precision Measurement field, be specifically related to a kind of axis hole benchmark on-the-spot quickly extraction frock and method measured for precision visual.
Background technology
In geometric sense accurate measurement, it usually needs measured workpiece coordinate system is measured, analyze the track geometry error of measured workpiece, or obtain workpiece coordinate system and the spatial relationship measuring coordinate system, and then complete measuring task. Owing to axis hole form is present in component of machine in a large number, it is a kind of common Method for Coordinate Definition using the intersection point of the axis in axle or hole and datum plane as datum mark definition of object co-ordinate systems. In the face of above-mentioned measurement problem, in contact type measurement, such as utilize three coordinate measuring machine that measured workpiece is measured, coordinate machine gauge head can be directly utilized on axle or hole wall, carry out sampling site measurement, obtained the axis of axis hole and the intersection point of datum plane by data processing methods such as cylinder fittings, and then record workpiece coordinate system.
In precision visual is measured, need in measurement space, arrange visual properties, the result measured is the three-dimensional coordinate arranging feature in space, when utilizing the measurement problem that visible sensation method solves the above-mentioned measured workpiece defining local Coordinate System with axis hole, needing to set up the relation between axis hole material standard and vision measurement visual properties, namely the axis hole benchmark in precision visual measurement draws problem.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of axis hole benchmark on-the-spot quickly extraction frock and method measured for precision visual.
The present invention is achieved in that
Frock is quickly drawn at a kind of axis hole benchmark scene measured for precision visual, draws frock including axle benchmark and hole benchmark draws frock.
Axle benchmark as above is drawn frock and is included axle benchmark lead, the first leading-off rods and the first orienting reflex ball; Wherein, axle benchmark lead is metal rounding ring-type, and axle benchmark lead is internal is mating holes, and its internal diameter and shaft size match, and front end face is datum plane; First leading-off rods is " �� " shape of minor face horizontal positioned, and one end of the first leading-off rods is connected with one end of axle benchmark lead, and the other end installs the first orienting reflex ball.
Hole as above benchmark is drawn frock and is included hole benchmark lead, the second leading-off rods and the second orienting reflex ball, hole benchmark lead is stepped round platform, point diameter is less than rear end diameter, fore-end is as fitting pin, one end of second leading-off rods is connected with the rear end end face of hole benchmark lead, and the other end of the second leading-off rods installs the second orienting reflex ball.
A kind of based on the on-the-spot outbound course quickly drawing frock of axis hole benchmark measured for precision visual as above, comprise the steps:
The first step: set up frock coordinate system;
Second step: mark orienting reflex ball centre of sphere D coordinates value under frock coordinate system;
3rd step: install axis hole benchmark scene and quickly draw frock;
4th step: measure;
5th step: data process.
Set up frock coordinate system step as above, the axle benchmark lead front end surface of frock and the XOY plane of the circular table top of the leading portion respectively two pieces frock coordinate system of hole benchmark extraction frock hole benchmark lead is drawn with axle benchmark, it is coordinate origin O with the intersection point of datum plane that the hole of axle benchmark lead or hole benchmark draw the axis of fitting pin of frock hole benchmark lead, the line of the centre of sphere of orienting reflex ball subpoint on datum plane and initial point O is coordinate system X-axis, subpoint is pointed to by initial point in direction, the axis of the fitting pin that the hole of axle benchmark lead or hole benchmark draw frock hole benchmark lead is coordinate system Z axis, direction, orienting reflex ball place is pointed to by initial point in direction.
Setting up frock coordinate system step as above, on metering type high accuracy three coordinate machine, Accurate Calibration goes out orienting reflex ball centre of sphere D coordinates value under respective frock coordinate system.
Frock step is quickly drawn at axis hole benchmark scene of installing as above, benchmark is drawn frock and is installed on reference axis or the datum hole of tested mechanical part.
Measuring process as above, utilizes precision visual to measure systematic survey and goes out the space coordinates of the fixed direction reflective ball centre of sphere; The axis making the fitting pin that extraction frock draws frock hole benchmark lead rotating around the hole of axle benchmark lead or hole benchmark rotates, and utilizes precision visual to measure systematic survey directional lighting ball then rotary tooling, then measures, until frock rotates a circle.
Data processing step as above, utilizes the 3 d space coordinate of fixed direction reflective ball and the coordinate figure under frock coordinate system thereof to carry out data process, solves frock coordinate origin O three-dimensional coordinate under measuring coordinate system.
Data processing step as above, specifically includes following steps:
(1) plane normal vector (A, B, C) is obtained;
If it is (X that benchmark draws fixed direction reflective ball space coordinates under measuring coordinate system in the whole rotary course of frockm1,Ym1,Zm1)��(Xm2,Ym2,Zm2)������(Xmn,Ymn,Zmn) (n >=4), fixed direction reflective ball coordinate figure under frock coordinate system is (Xa,0,Za);
By fixed direction reflective ball centre of sphere point coordinate measurement process it can be seen that institute a little in the same plane in, if its plane equation is AX+BY+CZ+D=0; By (Xmi,Ymi,Zmi) (i=1,2 ..., n, n >=4) bring equation composition Simultaneous Equations into, solve plane equation parameter (A, B, C, D), it is thus achieved that plane normal vector (A, B, C);
(2) central coordinate of circle (X is calculatedc, Yc, Zc);
By fixed direction reflective ball centre of sphere point coordinate measurement process it can be seen that institute is a little on same circle, if its equation is (X-Xc)2+(Y-Yc)2+(Z-Zc)2=R2, bring all point coordinates into equation and can solve unknown parameter (Xc, Yc, Zc) and R;
(3) evaluation work coordinate origin O coordinate figure (X under measuring coordinate systemo, Yo, Zo);
Utilize vector (A, B, C) and coordinate (Xc, Yc, Zc) obtain one, space mistake (Xo, Yo, Zo) and linear equation that direction vector is (A, B, C), this straight line is the Z axis of frock coordinate system, linearly compensates distance Za, try to achieve work coordinate system initial point O coordinate figure (X under measuring coordinate systemo, Yo, Zo)��
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The extraction frock of the present invention and the method based on this frock can effectively solve the problem that when application precision visual measures systematic survey using the intersection point of the axis in axle or hole and datum plane as the large scale machine parts of datum mark definition of object co-ordinate systems, and problem is quickly set up at the scene measuring coordinate system and workpiece coordinate system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of on-the-spot axle benchmark extraction frock quickly drawing frock of axis hole benchmark measured for precision visual of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of a kind of on-the-spot hole benchmark extraction frock quickly drawing frock of axis hole benchmark measured for precision visual of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of the method for the hole benchmark extraction frock of a kind of axis hole benchmark scene measured for precision visual quickly extraction frock of the use present invention;
In figure: 1. axle benchmark lead, 2. the first leading-off rods, 3. the first orienting reflex ball, 4. hole benchmark lead, 5. the second leading-off rods, 6. the second orienting reflex ball.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, a kind of axis hole benchmark on-the-spot quickly extraction frock and method measured for precision visual of the present invention is introduced:
Frock is quickly drawn at a kind of axis hole benchmark scene measured for precision visual, draw frock including axle benchmark and hole benchmark draws frock, wherein, as it is shown in figure 1, axle benchmark draws frock includes axle benchmark lead the 1, first leading-off rods 2 and the first orienting reflex ball 3. Wherein, axle benchmark lead 1 is metal rounding ring-type, and its inside is mating holes, and its internal diameter and shaft size match, and its front end face is datum plane. First leading-off rods 2 is " �� " shape of minor face horizontal positioned, and one end of the first leading-off rods is connected with one end of axle benchmark lead, and the other end installs the first orienting reflex ball 3. As shown in Figure 2, hole benchmark is drawn frock and is included hole benchmark lead the 4, second leading-off rods 5 and the second orienting reflex ball 6, hole benchmark lead 4 is stepped round platform, point diameter is less than rear end diameter, fore-end is as fitting pin, one end of second leading-off rods 5 is connected with the rear end end face of hole benchmark lead 4, and the other end of the second leading-off rods 5 installs the second orienting reflex ball.
Use above-mentioned frock to carry out the on-the-spot quickly outbound course of axis hole benchmark measured for precision visual as it is shown on figure 3, a kind of, comprise the steps:
The first step: set up frock coordinate system;
The axle benchmark lead front end surface of frock and the XOY plane of the circular table top of the leading portion respectively two pieces frock coordinate system of hole benchmark extraction frock hole benchmark lead 4 is drawn with axle benchmark, it is coordinate origin O with the intersection point of datum plane that the hole of axle benchmark lead or hole benchmark draw the axis of fitting pin of frock hole benchmark lead 4, the line of the centre of sphere of orienting reflex ball subpoint on datum plane and initial point O is coordinate system X-axis, subpoint is pointed to by initial point in direction, the axis of the fitting pin that the hole of axle benchmark lead or hole benchmark draw frock hole benchmark lead 4 is coordinate system Z axis, direction, orienting reflex ball place is pointed to by initial point in direction.
Second step: demarcate orienting reflex ball centre of sphere D coordinates value under frock coordinate system;
On metering type high accuracy three coordinate machine, Accurate Calibration goes out orienting reflex ball centre of sphere D coordinates value under respective frock coordinate system.
3rd step: install axis hole benchmark scene and quickly draw frock;
Benchmark is drawn frock be installed on reference axis or the datum hole of tested mechanical part.
4th step: measure;
Utilize precision visual to measure systematic survey and go out the space coordinates of the fixed direction reflective ball centre of sphere; The axis making the fitting pin that extraction frock draws frock hole benchmark lead 4 rotating around the hole of axle benchmark lead or hole benchmark rotates, and utilizes precision visual to measure systematic survey directional lighting ball then rotary tooling, then measures, until frock rotates a circle.
5th step: data process;
Utilize the 3 d space coordinate of fixed direction reflective ball and the coordinate figure under frock coordinate system thereof to carry out data process, solve frock coordinate origin O three-dimensional coordinate under measuring coordinate system. Specifically include following steps:
(1) plane normal vector (A, B, C) is obtained;
If it is (X that benchmark draws fixed direction reflective ball space coordinates under measuring coordinate system in the whole rotary course of frockm1,Ym1,Zm1)��(Xm2,Ym2,Zm2)������(Xmn,Ymn,Zmn) (n >=4), fixed direction reflective ball coordinate figure under frock coordinate system is (Xa,0,Za), above-mentioned coordinate figure is obtained by second step;
By fixed direction reflective ball centre of sphere point coordinate measurement process it can be seen that institute a little in the same plane in, if its plane equation is AX+BY+CZ+D=0; By (Xmi,Ymi,Zmi) (i=1,2 ..., n, n >=4) bring equation composition Simultaneous Equations into, utilize method of least square can solve plane equation parameter (A, B, C, D), and then plane normal vector (A, B, C) can be obtained;
(2) central coordinate of circle (X is calculatedc, Yc, Zc);
By fixed direction reflective ball centre of sphere point coordinate measurement process it can be seen that institute is a little on same circle, if its equation is (X-Xc)2+(Y-Yc)2+(Z-Zc)2=R2, bring all point coordinates into equation and can solve unknown parameter (Xc, Yc, Zc) and R.
(3) evaluation work coordinate origin O coordinate figure (X under measuring coordinate systemo, Yo, Zo);
Utilize vector (A, B, C) and coordinate (Xc, Yc, Zc) one, space mistake (X can be obtainedo, Yo, Zo) and linear equation that direction vector is (A, B, C), namely this straight line is the Z axis of frock coordinate system, linearly compensates distance Za, work coordinate system initial point O coordinate figure (X under measuring coordinate system can be tried to achieveo, Yo, Zo)��
The extraction frock of the present invention and the method based on this frock can effectively solve the problem that when application precision visual measures systematic survey using the intersection point of the axis in axle or hole and datum plane as the large scale machine parts of datum mark definition of object co-ordinate systems, and problem is quickly set up at the scene measuring coordinate system and workpiece coordinate system.
Claims (10)
1. a frock is quickly drawn at the axis hole benchmark scene measured for precision visual, draws frock including axle benchmark and hole benchmark draws frock.
2. frock is quickly drawn at a kind of axis hole benchmark scene measured for precision visual according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described axle benchmark is drawn frock and is included axle benchmark lead, the first leading-off rods and the first orienting reflex ball; Wherein, axle benchmark lead (1) is metal rounding ring-type, and axle benchmark lead (1) is internal is mating holes, and its internal diameter and shaft size match, and front end face is datum plane; " �� " shape that first leading-off rods (2) is minor face horizontal positioned, one end of the first leading-off rods is connected with one end of axle benchmark lead, and the other end installs the first orienting reflex ball (3).
3. frock is quickly drawn at a kind of axis hole benchmark scene measured for precision visual according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described hole benchmark is drawn frock and included hole benchmark lead (4), second leading-off rods (5) and the second orienting reflex ball (6), hole benchmark lead (4) is stepped round platform, point diameter is less than rear end diameter, fore-end is as fitting pin, one end of second leading-off rods (5) is connected with the rear end end face in hole benchmark lead (4), the other end of the second leading-off rods (5) installs the second orienting reflex ball.
4., based on the on-the-spot outbound course quickly drawing frock of axis hole benchmark measured for precision visual according to claim 1-3, comprise the steps:
The first step: set up frock coordinate system;
Second step: mark orienting reflex ball centre of sphere D coordinates value under frock coordinate system;
3rd step: install axis hole benchmark scene and quickly draw frock;
4th step: measure;
5th step: data process.
5. a kind of outbound course according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described sets up frock coordinate system step, the axle benchmark lead front end surface of frock and the XOY plane of the circular table top of the leading portion respectively two pieces frock coordinate system of hole benchmark extraction frock hole benchmark lead (4) is drawn with axle benchmark, it is coordinate origin O with the intersection point of datum plane that the hole of axle benchmark lead or hole benchmark draw the axis of fitting pin in frock hole benchmark lead (4), the line of the centre of sphere of orienting reflex ball subpoint on datum plane and initial point O is coordinate system X-axis, subpoint is pointed to by initial point in direction, the axis of the fitting pin that the hole of axle benchmark lead or hole benchmark draw frock hole benchmark lead (4) is coordinate system Z axis, direction, orienting reflex ball place is pointed to by initial point in direction.
6. a kind of outbound course according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described sets up frock coordinate system step, and on metering type high accuracy three coordinate machine, Accurate Calibration goes out orienting reflex ball centre of sphere D coordinates value under respective frock coordinate system.
7. a kind of outbound course according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described installation axis hole benchmark is on-the-spot quickly draws frock step, benchmark is drawn frock and is installed on reference axis or the datum hole of tested mechanical part.
8. a kind of outbound course according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described measuring process, utilize precision visual to measure systematic survey and go out the space coordinates of the fixed direction reflective ball centre of sphere; The axis making the fitting pin that extraction frock draws frock hole benchmark lead (4) rotating around the hole of axle benchmark lead or hole benchmark rotates, precision visual is utilized to measure systematic survey directional lighting ball, rotary tooling again, then measure, until frock rotates a circle.
9. a kind of outbound course according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described data processing step, utilize the 3 d space coordinate of fixed direction reflective ball and the coordinate figure under frock coordinate system thereof to carry out data process, solve frock coordinate origin O three-dimensional coordinate under measuring coordinate system.
10. a kind of outbound course according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described data processing step, specifically include following steps:
(1) plane normal vector (A, B, C) is obtained;
If it is (X that benchmark draws fixed direction reflective ball space coordinates under measuring coordinate system in the whole rotary course of frockm1,Ym1,Zm1)��(Xm2,Ym2,Zm2)������(Xmn,Ymn,Zmn) (n >=4), fixed direction reflective ball coordinate figure under frock coordinate system is (Xa,0,Za);
By fixed direction reflective ball centre of sphere point coordinate measurement process it can be seen that institute a little in the same plane in, if its plane equation is AX+BY+CZ+D=0; By (Xmi,Ymi,Zmi) (i=1,2 ..., n, n >=4) bring equation composition Simultaneous Equations into, solve plane equation parameter (A, B, C, D), it is thus achieved that plane normal vector (A, B, C);
(2) central coordinate of circle (X is calculatedc, Yc, Zc);
By fixed direction reflective ball centre of sphere point coordinate measurement process it can be seen that institute is a little on same circle, if its equation is (X-Xc)2+(Y-Yc)2+(Z-Zc)2=R2, bring all point coordinates into equation and can solve unknown parameter (Xc, Yc, Zc) and R;
(3) evaluation work coordinate origin O coordinate figure (X under measuring coordinate systemo, Yo, Zo);
Utilize vector (A, B, C) and coordinate (Xc, Yc, Zc) obtain one, space mistake (Xo, Yo, Zo) and linear equation that direction vector is (A, B, C), this straight line is the Z axis of frock coordinate system, linearly compensates distance Za, try to achieve work coordinate system initial point O coordinate figure (X under measuring coordinate systemo, Yo, Zo)��
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| CN112504084A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-03-16 | 哈尔滨飞机工业集团有限责任公司 | Reverse detection device and method for inner curved surface profile |
| CN112729170A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-04-30 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Hole axis measuring device and method based on photogrammetry |
| CN112747651A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2021-05-04 | 沪东重机有限公司 | Method for measuring angle of nozzle spray hole of marine diesel injector |
| CN114812446A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-07-29 | 南京航空航天大学 | Aircraft horizontal measurement tool calibration method based on photogrammetry technology |
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