CN105627918B - Quickly draw tooling and method in axis hole benchmark scene for precision visual measurement - Google Patents
Quickly draw tooling and method in axis hole benchmark scene for precision visual measurement Download PDFInfo
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- CN105627918B CN105627918B CN201410635996.3A CN201410635996A CN105627918B CN 105627918 B CN105627918 B CN 105627918B CN 201410635996 A CN201410635996 A CN 201410635996A CN 105627918 B CN105627918 B CN 105627918B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to geometric sense Technology of Precision Measurement fields, and in particular to tooling and method are quickly drawn in a kind of axis hole benchmark scene for precision visual measurement, and purpose provides a kind of extraction tooling and method.The tooling includes that axis benchmark draws tooling and hole benchmark extraction tooling.This method includes the D coordinates value established tooling coordinate system, the mark orienting reflex ball centre of sphere under tooling coordinate system, mounting shaft hole benchmark scene quickly five tooling, measurement and data processing steps of extraction.When extraction tooling of the invention and the method based on the tooling can effectively solve the problem that the large scale machine parts using the measurement of precision visual measuring system using the intersection point of the axis and datum plane in axis or hole as datum mark definition of object co-ordinate systems, problem is quickly established at the scene for measuring coordinate system and workpiece coordinate system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to geometric sense Technology of Precision Measurement fields, and in particular to a kind of axis hole base for precision visual measurement
Quickly draw tooling and method in quasi- scene.
Background technique
In geometric sense accurate measurement, it usually needs measured to measured workpiece coordinate system, analyze the geometry of measured workpiece
Form and position error, or obtain workpiece coordinate system and measure the spatial relationship of coordinate system, and then complete measurement task.Due to axis hole form
Largely it is present in component of machine, using the intersection point of the axis and datum plane in axis or hole as datum mark definition of object co-ordinate systems
It is a kind of common Method for Coordinate Definition.In face of above-mentioned measurement problem, in contact type measurement, such as three-dimensional coordinates measurement is utilized
Machine measures measured workpiece, can directly carry out sampling site measurement on axis or hole wall using coordinate machine gauge head, pass through cylinder
The data processing methods such as fitting obtain the axis of axis hole and the intersection point of datum plane, and then measure workpiece coordinate system.
In precision visual measurement, need to be arranged in measurement space visual properties, measurement exists the result is that feature is arranged
The three-dimensional coordinate in space solves the problems, such as the measurement of the above-mentioned measured workpiece that local Coordinate System is defined with axis hole using visible sensation method
When, need to establish the relationship between axis hole material standard and vision measurement visual properties, i.e. axis hole base in precision visual measurement
Quasi- extraction problem.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of axis hole benchmark scenes for precision visual measurement quickly to draw tooling and method.
The present invention is implemented as follows:
A kind of axis hole benchmark scene quickly extraction tooling, including axis benchmark extraction tooling and hole for precision visual measurement
Benchmark draws tooling.
It includes axis benchmark lead, the first leading-off rods and the first orienting reflex that axis benchmark as described above, which draws tooling,
Ball;Wherein, axis benchmark lead is that made of metal is circular, is matching hole, internal diameter and axis ruler inside axis benchmark lead
Very little to match, front end face is benchmark plane;First leading-off rods is " √ " shape that short side is horizontally arranged, one end of the first leading-off rods
It is connect with one end of axis benchmark lead, the other end installs the first orienting reflex ball.
It includes hole benchmark lead, the second leading-off rods and the second orienting reflex that hole benchmark as described above, which draws tooling,
Ball, hole benchmark lead are ladder-like rotary table, and point diameter is less than rear end diameter, and front end portion, which is used as, matches dowel pin, and second draws
One end of rod is connect with the rear end face of hole benchmark lead, and the other end of the second leading-off rods installs the second orienting reflex
Ball.
A kind of extraction side for quickly drawing tooling based on the axis hole benchmark scene as described above measured for precision visual
Method includes the following steps:
Step 1: establishing tooling coordinate system;
Step 2: D coordinates value of the mark orienting reflex ball centre of sphere under tooling coordinate system;
Step 3: tooling is quickly drawn at mounting shaft hole benchmark scene;
Step 4: measurement;
Step 5: data processing.
Tooling coordinate system step is established as described above, the axis benchmark lead front end surface of tooling is drawn with axis benchmark
The leading portion annular shape table top for drawing tooling hole benchmark lead with hole benchmark is respectively the XOY plane of two pieces tooling coordinate system,
The hole of axis benchmark lead or hole benchmark draw the friendship of the axis and datum plane with dowel pin of tooling hole benchmark lead
Putting is coordinate origin O, and the line of subpoint of the centre of sphere of orienting reflex ball on datum plane and origin O are coordinate system X-axis,
Subpoint is directed toward by origin in direction, and what the hole of axis benchmark lead or hole benchmark drew tooling hole benchmark lead matches dowel pin
Axis be coordinate system Z axis, direction by origin be directed toward orienting reflex ball direction.
Tooling coordinate system step is established as described above, Accurate Calibration goes out to orient anti-on metering type high accuracy three coordinate machine
Penetrate D coordinates value of the ball centre of sphere under respective tooling coordinate system.
Tooling step is quickly drawn at mounting shaft hole benchmark as described above scene, and benchmark extraction tooling is installed to tested machine
On the reference axis or datum hole of tool component.
Measuring process as described above is sat using the space that precision visual measuring system measures the fixed direction reflective ball centre of sphere
Mark;Make to draw tooling rotating around the hole of axis benchmark lead or hole benchmark draw tooling hole benchmark lead with dowel pin
Axis rotation measures directional lighting ball, then rotary tooling using precision visual measuring system, then measures, until tooling rotation one
Week.
Data processing step as described above, using the 3 d space coordinate of fixed direction reflective ball and its under tooling coordinate system
Coordinate value carry out data processing, solve three-dimensional coordinate of the tooling coordinate origin O in the case where measuring coordinate system.
Data processing step as described above, specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) plane normal vector (A, B, C) is obtained;
If it is (X that benchmark, which draws space coordinate of the fixed direction reflective ball in the case where measuring coordinate system in the entire rotary course of tooling,m1,
Ym1,Zm1)、(Xm2,Ym2,Zm2)、…、(Xmn,Ymn,Zmn) (n >=4), coordinate value of the fixed direction reflective ball under tooling coordinate system be
(Xa,0,Za);
By fixed direction reflective ball centre of sphere point coordinate measurement process it is found that all the points in the same plane, if its plane equation is
AX+BY+CZ+D=0;By (Xmi,Ymi,Zmi) (i=1,2 ..., n, n >=4) bring into equation constitute Simultaneous Equations, solve flat
Face equation parameter (A, B, C, D) obtains plane normal vector (A, B, C);
(2) central coordinate of circle (X is calculatedc, Yc, Zc);
By fixed direction reflective ball centre of sphere point coordinate measurement process it is found that all the points are on the same circle, if its equation is (X-
Xc)2+(Y-Yc)2+(Z-Zc)2=R2, unknown parameter (X can be solved by bringing all the points coordinate into equationc, Yc, Zc) and R;
(3) coordinate value (X of the work coordinate system origin O in the case where measuring coordinate system is calculatedo, Yo, Zo);
Utilize vector (A, B, C) and coordinate (Xc, Yc, Zc) obtain one, space mistake (Xo, Yo, Zo) and direction vector be (A,
B, C) linear equation, which is the Z axis of tooling coordinate system, linearly uncompensation distance Za, acquire work coordinate system original
Coordinate value (X of the point O in the case where measuring coordinate systemo, Yo, Zo)。
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
Extraction tooling of the invention and the method based on the tooling can effectively solve the problem that be surveyed using precision visual measuring system
When measuring the large scale machine parts using the intersection point of the axis and datum plane in axis or hole as datum mark definition of object co-ordinate systems, measurement
Problem is quickly established at the scene of coordinate system and workpiece coordinate system.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the axis benchmark that tooling is quickly drawn at a kind of axis hole benchmark scene for precision visual measurement of the invention draws
The structural schematic diagram of tooling out;
Fig. 2 is that the hole benchmark that tooling is quickly drawn at a kind of axis hole benchmark scene for precision visual measurement of the invention draws
The structural schematic diagram of tooling out;
Fig. 3 is using a kind of Kong Ji for quickly drawing tooling for the axis hole benchmark scene of precision visual measurement of the invention
Standard draws the flow chart of the method for tooling;
In figure: 1. axis benchmark leads, 2. first leading-off rods, 3. first orienting reflex balls, 4. hole benchmark leads,
5. the second leading-off rods, 6. second orienting reflex balls.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples quickly to a kind of axis hole benchmark scene for precision visual measurement of the invention
It draws tooling and method is introduced:
A kind of axis hole benchmark scene quickly extraction tooling, including axis benchmark extraction tooling and hole for precision visual measurement
Benchmark draws tooling, wherein as shown in Figure 1, it includes axis benchmark lead 1, the first leading-off rods 2 and that axis benchmark, which draws tooling,
One orientation reflection sphere 3.Wherein, axis benchmark lead 1 is that made of metal is circular, its inside is matching hole, internal diameter and axis
Size matches, its front end face is benchmark plane.First leading-off rods 2 is " √ " shape that short side is horizontally arranged, and first draws
One end of bar is connect with one end of axis benchmark lead, and the other end installs the first orienting reflex ball 3.As shown in Fig. 2, hole benchmark
Drawing tooling includes hole benchmark lead 4, the second leading-off rods 5 and the second orienting reflex ball 6, and hole benchmark lead 4 is rank
Scalariform rotary table, point diameter are less than rear end diameter, and front end portion, which is used as, matches dowel pin, and one end and the hole benchmark of the second leading-off rods 5 draw
The rear end face connection of end 4, the other end of the second leading-off rods 5 install the second orienting reflex ball out.
As shown in figure 3, a kind of axis hole benchmark scene for measure for precision visual using above-mentioned tooling is quickly drawn
Method includes the following steps:
Step 1: establishing tooling coordinate system;
The axis benchmark lead front end surface of tooling is drawn with axis benchmark and hole benchmark draws tooling hole benchmark exit
First 4 leading portion annular shape table top is respectively the XOY plane of two pieces tooling coordinate system, and the hole of axis benchmark lead or hole benchmark draw
The intersection point of the axis and datum plane with dowel pin of tooling hole benchmark lead 4 is coordinate origin O out, orienting reflex ball
The line of subpoint of the centre of sphere on datum plane and origin O are coordinate system X-axis, and subpoint, axis benchmark are directed toward by origin in direction
The axis with dowel pin that the hole of lead or hole benchmark draw tooling hole benchmark lead 4 is coordinate system Z axis, and direction is by original
Point is directed toward orienting reflex ball direction.
Step 2: D coordinates value of the calibration orienting reflex ball centre of sphere under tooling coordinate system;
Accurate Calibration goes out the orienting reflex ball centre of sphere under respective tooling coordinate system on metering type high accuracy three coordinate machine
D coordinates value.
Step 3: tooling is quickly drawn at mounting shaft hole benchmark scene;
Benchmark extraction tooling is installed on the reference axis or datum hole of tested mechanical part.
Step 4: measurement;
The space coordinate of the fixed direction reflective ball centre of sphere is measured using precision visual measuring system;Make to draw tooling rotating around axis
The hole of benchmark lead or hole benchmark draw the axis rotation with dowel pin of tooling hole benchmark lead 4, utilize vision essence
Close measuring system measures directional lighting ball, then rotary tooling, then measures, until tooling rotates a circle.
Step 5: data processing;
Data processing is carried out using the 3 d space coordinate of fixed direction reflective ball and its coordinate value under tooling coordinate system, is asked
Solve three-dimensional coordinate of the tooling coordinate origin O in the case where measuring coordinate system.Specifically comprise the following steps:
(1) plane normal vector (A, B, C) is obtained;
If it is (X that benchmark, which draws space coordinate of the fixed direction reflective ball in the case where measuring coordinate system in the entire rotary course of tooling,m1,
Ym1,Zm1)、(Xm2,Ym2,Zm2)、…、(Xmn,Ymn,Zmn) (n >=4), coordinate value of the fixed direction reflective ball under tooling coordinate system be
(Xa,0,Za), above-mentioned coordinate value is obtained by second step;
By fixed direction reflective ball centre of sphere point coordinate measurement process it is found that all the points in the same plane, if its plane equation is
AX+BY+CZ+D=0;By (Xmi,Ymi,Zmi) (i=1,2 ..., n, n >=4) bring into equation constitute Simultaneous Equations, utilize minimum
Square law can solve plane equation parameter (A, B, C, D), and then can get plane normal vector (A, B, C);
(2) central coordinate of circle (X is calculatedc, Yc, Zc);
By fixed direction reflective ball centre of sphere point coordinate measurement process it is found that all the points are on the same circle, if its equation is (X-
Xc)2+(Y-Yc)2+(Z-Zc)2=R2, unknown parameter (X can be solved by bringing all the points coordinate into equationc, Yc, Zc) and R.
(3) coordinate value (X of the work coordinate system origin O in the case where measuring coordinate system is calculatedo, Yo, Zo);
Utilize vector (A, B, C) and coordinate (Xc, Yc, Zc) one, space mistake (X can be obtainedo, Yo, Zo) and direction vector be
The linear equation of (A, B, C), this straight line are the Z axis of tooling coordinate system, linearly uncompensation distance Za, work can be acquired
Coordinate value (X of the coordinate origin O in the case where measuring coordinate systemo, Yo, Zo)。
Extraction tooling of the invention and the method based on the tooling can effectively solve the problem that be surveyed using precision visual measuring system
When measuring the large scale machine parts using the intersection point of the axis and datum plane in axis or hole as datum mark definition of object co-ordinate systems, measurement
Problem is quickly established at the scene of coordinate system and workpiece coordinate system.
Claims (9)
1. tooling is quickly drawn at a kind of axis hole benchmark scene for precision visual measurement, including axis benchmark draws tooling and Kong Ji
Standard draws tooling;It includes axis benchmark lead, the first leading-off rods and the first orienting reflex ball that the axis benchmark, which draws tooling,;
Wherein, axis benchmark lead (1) is that made of metal is circular, is matching hole, internal diameter and axis inside axis benchmark lead (1)
Size matches, and front end face is benchmark plane;First leading-off rods (2) is " √ " shape that short side is horizontally arranged, the first leading-off rods
One end connect with one end of axis benchmark lead, the other end install the first orienting reflex ball (3).
2. tooling is quickly drawn at a kind of axis hole benchmark scene for precision visual measurement according to claim 1, special
Sign is: it includes hole benchmark lead (4), the second leading-off rods (5) and the second orienting reflex that the hole benchmark, which draws tooling,
Ball (6), hole benchmark lead (4) are ladder-like rotary table, and point diameter is less than rear end diameter, and front end portion, which is used as, matches dowel pin,
One end of second leading-off rods (5) is connect with the rear end face of hole benchmark lead (4), the other end peace of the second leading-off rods (5)
Fill the second orienting reflex ball.
3. a kind of quick based on the axis hole benchmark scene for being used for precision visual measurement described in -2 any one according to claim 1
The outbound course for drawing tooling, includes the following steps:
Step 1: establishing tooling coordinate system;
Step 2: D coordinates value of the mark orienting reflex ball centre of sphere under tooling coordinate system;
Step 3: tooling is quickly drawn at mounting shaft hole benchmark scene;
Step 4: measurement;
Step 5: data processing.
4. a kind of outbound course according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described establishes tooling coordinate system step, with
Axis benchmark draws the axis benchmark lead front end surface of tooling and the leading portion of hole benchmark extraction tooling hole benchmark lead (4)
Circular table top is respectively the XOY plane of two pieces tooling coordinate system, and the hole of axis benchmark lead or hole benchmark draw tooling hole
The intersection point of the axis and datum plane with dowel pin of benchmark lead (4) is coordinate origin O, and the centre of sphere of orienting reflex ball exists
The line of subpoint and origin O on datum plane is coordinate system X-axis, and subpoint, axis benchmark exit are directed toward by origin in direction
The axis with dowel pin that the hole of head or hole benchmark draw tooling hole benchmark lead (4) is coordinate system Z axis, and direction is referred to by origin
To orienting reflex ball direction.
5. a kind of outbound course according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the mark orienting reflex ball centre of sphere is in work
The D coordinates value step under coordinate system is filled, Accurate Calibration goes out the orienting reflex ball centre of sphere and exists on metering type high accuracy three coordinate machine
D coordinates value under respective tooling coordinate system.
6. a kind of outbound course according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: quickly draw at the mounting shaft hole benchmark scene
Benchmark extraction tooling is installed on the reference axis or datum hole of tested mechanical part by tooling step out.
7. a kind of outbound course according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the measuring process utilizes precision visual
Measuring system measures the space coordinate of the fixed direction reflective ball centre of sphere;Make to draw tooling rotating around the hole or hole of axis benchmark lead
Benchmark draws the axis rotation with dowel pin of tooling hole benchmark lead (4), is measured and is oriented using precision visual measuring system
Luminescent ball, then rotary tooling, then measure, until tooling rotates a circle.
8. a kind of outbound course according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the data processing step utilizes orientation
The 3 d space coordinate of witch ball and its coordinate value under tooling coordinate system carry out data processing, and it is former to solve tooling coordinate system
Three-dimensional coordinate of the point O in the case where measuring coordinate system.
9. a kind of outbound course according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the data processing step specifically includes
Following steps:
(1) plane normal vector (A, B, C) is obtained;
If it is (X that benchmark, which draws space coordinate of the fixed direction reflective ball in the case where measuring coordinate system in the entire rotary course of tooling,m1,Ym1,
Zm1)、(Xm2,Ym2,Zm2)、…、(Xmn,Ymn,Zmn) (n >=4), coordinate value of the fixed direction reflective ball under tooling coordinate system is (Xa,0,
Za);
By fixed direction reflective ball centre of sphere point coordinate measurement process it is found that all the points in the same plane, if its plane equation be AX+BY
+ CZ+D=0;By (Xmi,Ymi,Zmi) (i=1,2 ..., n, n >=4) bring into equation constitute Simultaneous Equations, solve plane equation
Parameter (A, B, C, D) obtains plane normal vector (A, B, C);
(2) central coordinate of circle (X is calculatedc, Yc, Zc);
By fixed direction reflective ball centre of sphere point coordinate measurement process it is found that all the points are on the same circle, if its equation is (X-Xc)2+
(Y-Yc)2+(Z-Zc)2=R2, unknown parameter (X can be solved by bringing all the points coordinate into equationc, Yc, Zc) and R;
(3) coordinate value (X of the work coordinate system origin O in the case where measuring coordinate system is calculatedo, Yo, Zo);
Utilize vector (A, B, C) and coordinate (Xc, Yc, Zc) obtain one, space mistake (Xo, Yo, Zo) and direction vector be (A, B, C)
Linear equation, which is the Z axis of tooling coordinate system, linearly uncompensation distance Za, acquire work coordinate system origin O and exist
Measure the coordinate value (X under coordinate systemo, Yo, Zo)。
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