CN110054762A - 一种催化丙交酯开环聚合的工艺方法 - Google Patents
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- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- NNKADNNVPMGMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].OC(=O)C(F)(F)F NNKADNNVPMGMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- QAEDZJGFFMLHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoroacetic anhydride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)OC(=O)C(F)(F)F QAEDZJGFFMLHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- C08G63/82—Preparation processes characterised by the catalyst used
- C08G63/823—Preparation processes characterised by the catalyst used for the preparation of polylactones or polylactides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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Abstract
本专利公开了一种催化丙交酯开环聚合的工艺方法,该工艺方法以三氟乙酸锌TFAA作为催化剂,以醇类物质作为引发剂或不添加引发剂,以丙交酯作为单体,在110℃—220℃下实现本体聚合,制备得到高品质聚乳酸PLA。本发明采用绿色锌类催化剂,活性高、用量少;所合成的PLA色泽好,重均分子量Mw 1.29×104—7.34×105;本体聚合,实用性高。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于聚酯催化合成技术,具体涉及一种催化丙交酯开环聚合制备聚乳酸的工艺方法。
背景技术
石油基塑料,疲劳性、耐摩擦性和尺寸稳定性好,磨耗小而硬度高,在各个领域均有应用,很好地满足了人们的生活以及工业生产的需要,给人们的生活带来了很大的便利。然而,每年产生的大量石油基塑料在使用过后存在着难以降解的弊端,给环境造成了大量的负担,产生了“白色污染”问题。生物可降解高分子材料被视为解决这一问题的最优方案,其中因为聚乳酸PLA具有无毒,无害,良好的生活相容性和生物降解性而备受人们的青睐。废弃后的聚乳酸PLA在自然界可被微生物所分解,最终生成二氧化碳CO2和水H2O。
制备聚乳酸PLA主要有直接聚合法和开环聚合法。直接聚合法是在高温的条件下使得乳酸单体进行脱水,形成聚合度较低的低聚乳酸,随后减压进行缩聚,得到高分子量的聚乳酸。开环聚合法,通过乳酸的二聚体丙交酯进行开环聚合得到高分子量的聚乳酸。
目前丙交酯开环聚合所使用的质子酸型催化剂进行催化时反应条件苛刻,所得聚合物分子量较低,光学纯度较差。路易酸型催化剂虽有很高的催化活性,副反应少,但体系中催化剂很难进行去除,残留的催化剂的毒性问题限制了其应用。稀土类金属催化剂,如钇、镧的烷基化合物以及烷氧基化合物,虽然具有很强的配位能力,催化活性高,但由于来源有限,价格昂贵,限制了工业上的广泛应用。辛酸亚锡作为目前催化丙交酯最常用的催化剂,催化活性高,催化剂用量少,聚合分子量高,但其转化率低,重金属锡可在人体中积累,对细胞产生毒害。
近年来绿色无毒的锌盐催化剂与反应系统有良好的相融相,廉价易得,安全无毒备受人们青睐,但是其催化活性较低,所得聚乳酸分子量较低。本专利采用三氟乙酸锌作为催化剂,不仅活性高,催化剂用量少,所得聚乳酸分子量高,产品颜色好,适合工业化应用。
发明内容
发明目的:针对现有技术中存在的上述技术问题,本申请提供了一种三氟乙酸锌催化丙交酯开环聚合制备聚乳酸的新工艺方法,采用该工艺获得的PLA产品分子量高、色泽好。
技术方案:本发明所述的一种三氟乙酸锌催化丙交酯开环聚合制备聚乳酸的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将丙交酯和催化剂三氟乙酸锌置于开环管中,在双排管中置换氮气,并于0.5torr—10torr的压力下保持真空5min—60min;
(2)将开环管置于反应锅内,110℃—220℃下反应0.5h—48h后,得到产物聚乳酸。
步骤(1)中,所述丙交酯为左旋丙交酯、右旋丙交酯。
步骤(1)中,还添加有引发剂,所述引发剂为醇类引发剂,包括十二醇、苯甲醇、正丁醇等,优选的,所述引发剂用量为丙交酯摩尔量的0.1‰—2‰,优选0.5‰—2‰。
步骤(1)中,在双排管中置换氮气1-3次。
步骤(1)中,所述催化剂三氟乙酸锌TFAA用量为丙交酯摩尔量的0.01‰—5‰,优选为丙交酯摩尔量的0.05‰—2‰。
步骤(1)中,对比实例采用催化剂为乙酸锌。
步骤(2)中,反应温度优选为120℃—180℃。
步骤(2)制备所得聚乳酸的数均分子量Mn 1.21×104—3.82×105、重均分子量Mw1.29×104—7.34×105,分子量分布指数PDI 1.07—1.92。
有益效果:本发明工艺方法以三氟乙酸锌TFAA作为催化剂,绿色锌类催化剂,活性高,最少用量低至0.01‰;以丙交酯作为单体,进行本体聚合,实用性高;制备得到高品质聚乳酸PLA,最高重均分子量Mw 7.34×105,色泽雪白。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本申请作出详细说明。
本申请所用分析仪器为PL-GPC120凝胶渗透色谱。
实施例1
向开环管中加入左旋丙交酯(20.00g,0.14mol)、三氟乙酸锌(217.0mg,7×10- 4mol),连接双排管,抽取管内空气,并采用N2进行置换,反复三次,并于10torr的压力下保持真空60min。将开环管至于反应锅内,并设定温度为110℃,反,48.0h。得到数均分子量Mn1.21×104、重均分子量Mw 1.29×104,分子量分布指数PDI=1.07的高品质PLA,产品颜色雪白,色泽好。
实施例2
向开环管中加入右旋丙交酯(20.00g,0.14mol)、三氟乙酸锌(173.6mg,5.6×10- 4mol)、十二醇(7×10-5mol),连接双排管,抽取管内空气,并采用N2进行置换,反复三次,并于8torr的压力下保持真空50min。将开环管至于反应锅内,并设定温度为120℃,反应39.0h。得到数均分子量Mn 1.75×104、重均分子量Mw 2.0×104,分子量分布指数PDI=1.12的高品质PLA,产品颜色雪白,色泽好。
实施例3
向开环管中加入左旋丙交酯(20.00g,0.14mol)、三氟乙酸锌(130.2mg,4.2×10- 4mol)、苯甲醇(2.8×10-4mol),连接双排管,抽取管内空气,并采用N2进行置换,反复两次,并于8torr的压力下保持真空50min。将开环管至于反应锅内,并设定温度为130℃,反应25.0h。得到数均分子量Mn 2.26×104、重均分子量Mw 2.53×104,分子量分布指数PDI=1.14的高品质PLA,产品颜色雪白,色泽好。
实施例4
向开环管中加入右旋丙交酯(20.00g,0.14mol)、三氟乙酸锌(86.8mg,2.8×10- 4mol)、苯甲醇(1.4×10-4mol),连接双排管,抽取管内空气,并采用N2进行置换,反复两次,并于6torr的压力下保持真空45min。将开环管至于反应锅内,并设定温度为140℃,反应12.0h。得到数均分子量Mn 6.48×104、重均分子量Mw 8.36×104,分子量分布指数PDI=1.29的高品质PLA,产品颜色雪白,色泽好。
实施例5
向开环管中加入左旋丙交酯(20.00g,0.14mol)、三氟乙酸锌(65.1mg,2.1×10- 4mol)、正丁醇(5.6×10-4mol),连接双排管,抽取管内空气,并采用N2进行置换,置换一次,并于6torr的压力下保持真空50min。将开环管至于反应锅内,并设定温度为150℃,反应5.0h。得到数均分子量Mn 1.53×105、重均分子量Mw 2.08×105,分子量分布指数PDI=1.36的高品质PLA,产品颜色为雪白,色泽好。
实施例6
向开环管中加入右旋丙交酯(20.00g,0.14mol)、三氟乙酸锌(43.4mg,1.4×10- 4mol)、十二醇(7.5×10-5mol),连接双排管,抽取管内空气,并采用N2进行置换,置换一次,并于5torr的压力下保持真空40min。将开环管至于反应锅内,并设定温度为150℃,反应8.0h。得到数均分子量Mn 1.65×105、重均分子量Mw 2.30×105,分子量分布指数PDI=1.39的高品质PLA,产品颜色为雪白色,色泽好。
实施例7
向开环管中加入左旋丙交酯(20.00g,0.14mol)、三氟乙酸锌(43.4mg,1.4×10- 4mol)、正丁醇(7×10-5mol),连接双排管,抽取管内空气,并采用N2进行置换,反复三次,并于5torr的压力下保持真空30min。将开环管至于反应锅内,并设定温度为160℃,反应3h30min。得到数均分子量Mn 2.24×105、重均分子量Mw 3.20×105,分子量分布指数PDI=1.43的高品质PLA,产品颜色为雪白色,色泽好。
实施例8
向开环管中加入右旋丙交酯(20.00g,0.14mol)、三氟乙酸锌(43.3mg,1.4×10- 4mol),连接双排管,抽取管内空气,并采用N2进行置换,反复三次,并于4torr的压力下保持真空20min。将开环管至于反应锅内,并设定温度为170℃,反应4.0h。得到数均分子量Mn2.81×105、重均分子量Mw 4.36×105,分子量分布指数PDI=1.55的高品质PLA,产品颜色为雪白,色泽好。
实施例9
向开环管中加入左旋丙交酯(20.00g,0.14mol)、三氟乙酸锌(21.7mg,7×10- 5mol)、正丁醇(7×10-5mol),连接双排管,抽取管内空气,并采用N2进行置换,反复两次,并于3torr的压力下保持真空20min。将开环管至于反应锅内,并设定温度为170℃,反应2h40min。得到数均分子量Mn 3.06×105、重均分子量Mw 4.95×105,分子量分布指数PDI=1.62的高品质PLA,产品颜色为雪白,色泽好。
实施例10
向开环管中加入右旋丙交酯(20.00g,0.14mol)、三氟乙酸锌(21.7mg,7×10- 5mol)、苯甲醇(1.4×10-4mol),连接双排管,抽取管内空气,并采用N2进行置换,反复两次,并于2torr的压力下保持真空15min。将开环管至于反应锅内,并设定温度为,80℃,反应45min。得到数均分子量Mn 3.35×105、重均分子量Mw 5.93×105,分子量分布指数PDI=1.77的高品质PLA,产品颜色为雪白,色泽好。
实施例11
向开环管中加入左旋丙交酯(20.00g,0.14mol)、三氟乙酸锌(4.3mg,1.4×10- 5mol),连接双排管,抽取管内空气,并采用N2进行置换,置换一次,并于2.5torr的压力下保持真空20min。将开环管至于反应锅内,并设定温度为,180℃,反应1h30min。得到数均分子量Mn 3.82×105、重均分子量Mw 7.34×105,分子量分布指数PDI=1.92的高品质PLA,产品颜色为雪白,色泽好。
实施例12
向开环管中加入右旋丙交酯(20.00g,0.14mol)、三氟乙酸锌(2.2mg,7×10-6mol)、十二醇(2.8×10-4mol)连接双排管,抽取管内空气,并采用N2进行置换,置换一次,并于1torr的压力下保持真空30min。将开环管至于反应锅内,并设定温度为190℃,反应30min。得到数均分子量Mn 3.02×105、重均分子量Mw 5.07×105,分子量分布指数PDI=1.68的高品质PLA,产品颜色为黄白色,色泽好。
实施例13
向开环管中加入左旋丙交酯(20.00g,0.14mol)、三氟乙酸锌(2.2mg,7×10-6mol)、正丁醇(1.4×10-4mol),连接双排管,抽取管内空气,并采用N2进行置换,反复三次,并于1.5torr的压力下保持真空10min。将开环管至于反应锅内,并设定温度为200℃,反应30min。得到数均分子量Mn 3.21×105、重均分子量Mw 5.59×105,分子量分布指数PDI=1.74的高品质PLA,产品颜色为黄白色,色泽好。
实施例14
向开环管中加入右旋丙交酯(20.00g,0.14mol)、三氟乙酸锌(0.4mg,1.4×10- 6mol),连接双排管,抽取管内空气,并采用N2进行置换,反复两次,并于0.5torr的压力下保持真空15min。将开环管至于反应锅内,并设定温度为210℃,反应50.0h。得到数均分子量Mn2.64×105、重均分子量Mw 4.46×105,分子量分布指数PDI=1.69的高品质PLA,产品颜色为黄白色,色泽好。
实施例15
向开环管中加入左旋丙交酯(20.00g,0.14mol)、三氟乙酸锌(0.4mg,1.4×10- 6mol)、苯甲醇(7×10-5mol),连接双排管,抽取管内空气,并采用N2进行置换,置换一次,并于2torr的压力下保持真空20min。将开环管至于反应锅内,并设定温度为220℃,反应45min。得到数均分子量Mn 1.71×105、重均分子量Mw 2.54×105,分子量分布指数PDI=1.48的高品质PLA,产品颜色为黄白色,色泽好。
对比实施例1
向开环管中加入右旋丙交酯(20.00g,0.14mol)、乙酸锌(0.4mg,1.4×10-6mol),连接双排管,抽取管内空气,并采用N2进行置换,反复两次,并于0.5torr的压力下保持真空15min。将开环管至于反应锅内,并设定温度为170℃,反应24.0h。得到数均分子量Mn 7.84×104、重均分子量Mw 1.76×105,分子量分布指数PDI=2.25的PLA,产品颜色为黄黑色,色泽差。
对比实施例2
向开环管中加入左旋丙交酯(20.00g,0.14mol)、乙酸锌(0.4mg,1.4×10-6mol)、苯甲醇(7×10-5mol),连接双排管,抽取管内空气,并采用N2进行置换,置换一次,并于2torr的压力下保持真空20min。将开环管至于反应锅内,并设定温度为220℃,反应45min。得到数均分子量Mn 5.55×104、重均分子量Mw 8.38×104,分子量分布指数PDI=1.51的PLA,产品颜色为深黄色,色泽差。
Claims (8)
1.一种催化丙交酯开环聚合的工艺方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将丙交酯和催化剂三氟乙酸锌置于开环管中,在双排管中置换氮气,并于0.5torr—10torr的压力下保持真空5min—60min;
(2)将开环管置于反应锅内,110℃—220℃下反应0.5h—48h后,得到产物聚乳酸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的工艺方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述丙交酯为左旋丙交酯、右旋丙交酯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的工艺方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,还添加有引发剂,所述引发剂为醇类引发剂,选自十二醇、苯甲醇、正丁醇。
4.根据权利要求3所述的工艺方法,其特征在于,所述引发剂用量为丙交酯摩尔量的0.1‰—2‰。
5.根据权利要求1所述的工艺方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述催化剂三氟乙酸锌TFAA用量为丙交酯摩尔量的0.01‰—5‰。
6.根据权利要求5所述的工艺方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂三氟乙酸锌TFAA用量为丙交酯摩尔量的0.05‰—2‰。
7.根据权利要求1所述的工艺方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,反应温度优选为120℃—180℃。
8.根据权利要求1所述的工艺方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)制备所得聚乳酸的数均分子量Mn 1.21×104—3.82×105、重均分子量Mw 1.29×104—7.34×105,分子量分布指数PDI1.07—1.92。
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