CN110044710B - Test simulation device for subsidence of soil hole under precipitation funnel - Google Patents
Test simulation device for subsidence of soil hole under precipitation funnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN110044710B CN110044710B CN201910384545.XA CN201910384545A CN110044710B CN 110044710 B CN110044710 B CN 110044710B CN 201910384545 A CN201910384545 A CN 201910384545A CN 110044710 B CN110044710 B CN 110044710B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 146
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 150
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0284—Bulk material, e.g. powders
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
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- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for simulating a collapse test of a soil hole under a precipitation funnel, wherein a main body box in a covering layer system is arranged on a supporting steel plate through acrylic structural adhesive, a karst cavity in a karst stratum system is bonded under the supporting steel plate, the supporting steel plate is bonded on the karst cavity in the karst stratum system through the acrylic structural adhesive, and a osmometer and a miniature soil pressure gauge in a measurement control system are connected with a soil box in the covering layer system through a water pressure connecting hole and a soil pressure connecting hole on the main body box in the covering layer system; a first prefabricated soluble block is placed in the karst cave, the upper part of the prefabricated soluble block is hemispherical with the same diameter as the karst cave, a prefabricated soluble block is placed in the karst cave, and the upper part of the prefabricated soluble block is hemispherical with the same diameter as the karst cave. Simple structure, convenient to use through monitoring facilities monitoring soil body normal water, soil pressure change, surveys soil body leakage change through sand collection unit, through the pressure in the T type pipe control karst chamber.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering geological disaster simulation, in particular to a device for simulating a subsidence test of a soil hole under a precipitation funnel, which is mainly suitable for researching ground subsidence caused by manual water pumping in a karst soil hole development area and also suitable for researching ground subsidence caused by rising of underground water tables.
Background
Ground subsidence is one of the common geological disasters in karst soil cave development areas in China. In the covered karst area, karst cracks and karst caves at the lower parts of the cracks provide conditions for soil body leakage of the upper earth covering layer, and soil body is continuously leaked from the karst cracks under natural conditions, so that soil holes are formed at the contact part of the soil layer and the karst stratum, the soil holes can be kept stable under the action of no external force, and once other external forces act, the upper earth covering layer is possibly collapsed, namely ground collapse occurs.
In all external force factors, artificial water pumping can greatly accelerate the process, and some existing stable soil holes can be quickly expanded to collapse after water pumping for a few hours, and once collapse occurs, group collapse is easily formed, so that the collapse area is quickly expanded.
The collapse of the soil holes under the action of the precipitation funnel is a complex process, the number and the size of the soil holes formed in the funnel field are not fixed, the soil holes which are generally positioned near the center of the funnel are more densely developed, and the soil holes are larger in size as the soil holes are closer to the center of the funnel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a simulation device for a subsidence test of a soil hole under a precipitation funnel, which has a simple structure and convenient use, can form the precipitation funnel by controlling water supply of a covering layer and water level in a water pumping tank, monitors water and soil pressure changes in soil by monitoring equipment, monitors flow changes in the water tank, observes soil leakage changes by a sand collecting unit, and controls pressure in a karst cavity by a T-shaped pipe, thereby quantitatively researching the subsidence process of the covering layer soil hole.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical measures:
the utility model provides a soil hole subsidence test analogue means under precipitation funnel, includes overburden system, karst stratum system, supporting steel sheet and measurement control system, its characterized in that: the main body box in the covering layer system is arranged on the supporting steel plate through the acrylic acid structural adhesive, the karst cavity in the karst stratum system is adhered below the supporting steel plate, the supporting steel plate is adhered on the karst cavity in the karst stratum system through the acrylic acid structural adhesive, and the osmometer and the miniature earth pressure gauge in the measurement control system are connected with the earth box in the covering layer system through the water pressure connecting hole and the earth pressure connecting hole on the main body box in the covering layer system; a first prefabricated soluble block is arranged in the first karst slab hole, the upper part of the first prefabricated soluble block is hemispherical with the same diameter as the first karst slab hole, a first watertight film is wrapped on the hemispherical surface of the first prefabricated soluble block, a second prefabricated soluble block is arranged in the second karst slab hole, the upper part of the second prefabricated soluble block is hemispherical with the same diameter as the second karst slab hole, a second watertight film is wrapped on the hemispherical surface of the second prefabricated soluble block, a third prefabricated soluble block is arranged in the third karst slab hole, the upper part of the third prefabricated soluble block is hemispherical with the same diameter as the third karst slab hole, and a third watertight film is wrapped on the hemispherical surface of the third prefabricated soluble block; the exhaust valve is arranged in the horizontal direction of the T-shaped pipe, the exhaust valve is arranged at the upper end of the vertical direction of the T-shaped pipe, and the water control valve is arranged at the lower end of the vertical direction of the T-shaped pipe.
The main body box in the covering layer system is adhered to the supporting steel plate, the karst cavity in the karst stratum system is adhered to the lower part of the supporting steel plate, the supporting steel plate is arranged above the karst cavity in the karst stratum system through an adhesive, and the monitoring equipment in the measurement control system is connected with the main body box through a connecting hole in the covering layer system.
The cover layer system is made of organic glass and comprises a main body box, a permeable screen plate, a soil box, a cover layer water supply box, a cover layer water pumping box and a karst plate. The main body box is glued on the supporting steel plate, a soil pressure connecting hole and a water pressure connecting hole are formed in the front face of the main body box, a first leakage hole, a second leakage hole and a third leakage hole are drilled in the bottom of the main body box, the permeable screen plate is glued on the inner wall of the main body box, the soil box is positioned between the two permeable screen plates, the cover layer water supply box is positioned on the right side of the soil box, the cover layer water pumping box is positioned on the left side of the soil box, the karst plate is directly placed on the inner bottom face of the main body box, and a first karst plate hole, a second karst plate hole and a third karst plate hole are drilled on the karst plate;
the karst stratum system is made of organic glass and comprises a karst cavity, a water supply tank, a drain pipe, a T-shaped pipe, a first sand collecting unit, a second sand collecting unit and a third sand collecting unit. The water supply tank is communicated with the karst cavity through a connecting pipe, a water injection valve is arranged on the connecting pipe, the water drain pipe is communicated with the lower part of the karst cavity and is communicated with the atmosphere, a water drain valve is arranged at the lower end of the water drain pipe, the T-shaped pipe is communicated with the karst cavity, and the first sand collecting unit, the second sand collecting unit and the third sand collecting unit are respectively bonded with the bottom of the supporting steel plate;
the upper part of the supporting steel plate is adhered with a main body box in the coating system, the lower part of the supporting steel plate is adhered with a karst cavity in the karst stratum system, and a first steel plate hole, a second steel plate hole and a third steel plate hole which are mutually independent are drilled on the supporting steel plate side by side;
the measurement control system comprises an electromagnetic flowmeter, a miniature water pump, an osmometer, a miniature soil pressure meter and a flowing water collecting unit. Wherein, electromagnetic flowmeter settles on the hard tube and is connected with overburden supply tank, and miniature suction pump passes through hose and overburden suction tank intercommunication, and the osmometer passes through the water pressure connecting hole on the main part case and links to each other with the soil box, and miniature soil pressure meter passes through the soil pressure connecting hole on the main part case and links to each other with the soil box, and the drain pipe below is directly arranged in to the flowing water collecting unit.
Further, a first prefabricated soluble block is arranged in the first karst slab hole, wherein the upper part of the soluble block is hemispherical with the diameter the same as that of the first karst slab hole, the lower part of the soluble block is a strip-shaped part which extends to the bottom of the first sand collecting unit in height, and a first watertight film is wrapped on the hemispherical surface of the first prefabricated soluble block; a second prefabricated soluble block is arranged in the second karst slab hole, wherein the upper part of the soluble block is hemispherical with the same diameter as the second karst slab hole, the lower part of the soluble block is a long strip which extends to the bottom of the second sand collecting unit in height, and a second watertight film is wrapped on the hemispherical surface of the second prefabricated soluble block; the third prefabricated soluble block is placed in the third karst slab hole, wherein the upper part of the soluble block is hemispherical with the diameter identical to that of the third karst slab hole, the lower part of the soluble block is a long strip which extends to the bottom of the third sand collecting unit, and a third watertight film is wrapped on the hemispherical surface of the third prefabricated soluble block.
Further, the first sand collecting unit, the second sand collecting unit and the third sand collecting unit are cuboid collecting cavities with scales on the sides and holes on the five sides, so that the sand leakage of each soil hole at each moment can be read visually.
Further, the exhaust valve is arranged in the horizontal direction of the T-shaped pipe, the exhaust valve is arranged at the upper end of the vertical direction of the T-shaped pipe, and the water control valve is arranged at the lower end of the vertical direction of the T-shaped pipe, so that the pressure intensity in the cavity can be conveniently controlled.
Key components and connection relation thereof, and technical problems and difficulties solved by the key components:
the key components are prefabricated soluble blocks, sand collecting units and T-shaped pipes. The hemispherical part of the prefabricated soluble block body is buried in the soil layer, so that the problem that an ideal soil hole is formed in the soil layer without disturbing the soil body is solved, the long strip-shaped part of the soluble block body is a support of the hemispherical block body, the problem that the hemispherical part is easy to be blocked in the slump process is solved, and the watertight film wrapped by the hemispherical part effectively prevents the condition that the hemispherical block body is melted in the landfill process to cause the slump of the whole soil layer; each sand collecting unit is respectively arranged below each prefabricated dissolvable block body, so that soil leakage in the collapse process of different soil holes can be respectively collected, the problem that the collapse condition of each soil hole cannot be respectively and intuitively monitored is solved, and the problem that soil cannot be smoothly leaked due to local pressure change below the soil hole is solved by the water permeability; the T-shaped pipe connected to the right side of the stratum cavity solves the problem that the pressure is difficult to control in the process of injecting and draining the stratum cavity, can ensure that the pressure in the stratum cavity is always the same as the atmospheric pressure in the process of injecting water, and can also give consideration to the vacuum corrosion process.
The invention is improved and distinguished relative to the prior invention:
the existing karst collapse test is mainly in the vertical seepage, erosion and vacuum erosion mechanism research, the soil hole collapse research under the action of a precipitation funnel is insufficient, and the invention can realize the mechanism research of vertical seepage, erosion and vacuum erosion and the mechanism research of soil body collapse under the action of the precipitation funnel, wherein under the precipitation funnel, the research of the influence of one or more factors such as erosion force, buoyancy force, vacuum erosion force and the like on the soil hole collapse can be realized; the prior test is mainly researched from karst fracture development, the influence of external force on a soil hole under the condition of generating stable soil holes is not realized, the test is stopped on the research of a single soil hole, and how the soil holes are mutually influenced is not researched. According to the invention, the conditions required by the collapse of the soil body in the development area of the karst soil hole in the natural world caused by manual water pumping can be predicted, so that the occurrence of disasters can be prevented by controlling the water pumping.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
in the prior art, a larger hole is formed in a karst plate bottom plate, a movable baffle is arranged at the hole, after filling of soil is completed, the baffle is directly opened to enable part of soil above the hole to fall off so as to form a soil hole, the karst cavity in the condition is communicated with the atmosphere, the pressure change in the karst cavity is ignored, the formed soil hole is different from the soil hole formed by slow development in the nature, and the stress field formed around the soil hole cannot be better analogous to the stress field in the nature; the invention can control the pressure intensity in the karst cavity at the lower part, can better simulate the soil hole form in the nature, and can form an ideal soil hole by controlling the water level change in the karst cavity, thereby completing the collapse test of the soil hole under the precipitation funnel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a simulation device for a subsidence test of a soil hole under a precipitation funnel;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a portion of the support steel plate of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a portion of the karst panel of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a portion of the main body tank of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion of the water permeable mesh sheet of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion of the sand collection unit of FIG. 1;
in the figure: 1-main tank, 2-overburden water supply tank, 3-overburden water pump, 4-permeable screen, 5A-first karst cave, 5B-second karst cave, 5C-third karst cave, 6A-first floor cave, 6B-second floor cave, 6C-third floor cave, 7A-first steel plate cave, 7B-second steel plate cave, 7C-third steel plate cave, 8A-first watertight film, 8B-second watertight film, 8C-third watertight film, 9A-first prefabricated soluble block, 9B-second prefabricated soluble block, 9C-third prefabricated soluble block, 10-supporting steel plate, 11-karst cave, 12A-first sand collecting unit, 12B-second sand collecting unit, 12C-third sand collecting unit, 13-connecting pipe, 14-drain pipe, 15-T pipe, 16-karst tank, 17-ball valve (ball valve), 18-water injection valve (ball valve), 19-drain valve (valve), 19-21-drain valve (valve) (21-21), ordinary pressure meter (valve) (21-21), ordinary tap (valve) (28), micro-meter (meter), micro-water pump (meter) and micro-meter (meter) water pump (meter) are connected to the micro-pressure gauge (meter).
Detailed Description
Example 1:
the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As can be seen from fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, the device for simulating the collapse test of the soil hole under the precipitation funnel comprises a cover layer system, a karst stratum system, a supporting steel plate 10 and a measurement control system, and is characterized in that: the main body box 1 in the coating system is arranged on the supporting steel plate 10 through acrylic structural adhesive and is used for simulating a coating and forming a precipitation funnel, and the karst cavity 11 in the karst stratum system is adhered below the supporting steel plate 10 and is used for simulating a karst stratum; the supporting steel plate 10 is adhered to a karst cavity 11 in the karst stratum system through acrylic structural adhesive and is used for supporting and connecting the upper covering layer system and the lower karst stratum system; the osmometer 30 and the miniature soil pressure gauge 31 in the measurement control system are connected with the soil box in the cover layer system through the water pressure connecting hole 24 and the soil pressure connecting hole 32 on the main body box 1 in the cover layer system; for monitoring changes in the measured physical quantity during the test. A first prefabricated soluble block 9A is arranged in the first karst slab hole 5A, the upper part of the first prefabricated soluble block 9A is hemispherical with the diameter the same as that of the first karst slab hole 5A and is used for simulating a soil hole, the lower part of the first prefabricated soluble block 9A is a strip-shaped part which extends to the bottom of the first sand collecting unit 12A in height and is used for supporting the hemispherical soluble block, and a first watertight film 8A is wrapped on the hemispherical surface of the first prefabricated soluble block 9A to prevent the hemispherical soluble block from being melted in the wet soil filling process; the second prefabricated soluble block 9B is placed in the second karst cave 5B, the upper part of the second prefabricated soluble block 9B is hemispherical with the same diameter as the second karst cave 5B and used for simulating a soil cave, the lower part of the second prefabricated soluble block 9B is an elongated shape which extends to the bottom of the second sand collecting unit 12B in height and used for supporting the hemispherical soluble block, the hemispherical surface of the second prefabricated soluble block 9B is wrapped with the second watertight film 8B, the third karst cave 5C is placed in the third karst cave 5C and is provided with the third prefabricated soluble block 9C, the upper part of the third prefabricated soluble block 9C is hemispherical with the same diameter as the third karst cave 5C and used for simulating a soil cave, the lower part of the third prefabricated soluble block 9C is an elongated shape which extends to the bottom of the third sand collecting unit 12C and used for supporting the hemispherical soluble block, and the hemispherical surface of the third prefabricated soluble block 9C is wrapped with the third watertight film 8C so as to prevent the hemispherical soluble block from being melted in the wet soil filling process. The exhaust valve 19 is arranged in the horizontal direction of the T-shaped pipe 15, the extraction valve 20 is arranged at the upper end of the T-shaped pipe 15 in the vertical direction, the water control valve 21 is arranged at the lower end of the T-shaped pipe 15 in the vertical direction, and the pressure change in the karst cavity 11 in the process of filling and draining can be controlled by the combined use of the three valves.
The cover layer system is made of organic glass and comprises a main body box 1, a permeable net plate 4, a soil box 25, a cover layer water supply box 2, a cover layer water pumping box 3 and a karst plate 23. The main body box 1 is arranged on the supporting steel plate 10 through acrylic structural adhesive and is used for forming a precipitation funnel on a covering layer, wherein a soil pressure connecting hole 32 formed in the front surface of the main body box 1 is used for connecting a miniature soil pressure gauge 31, a water pressure connecting hole 24 is used for connecting an osmometer 30, and a first bottom plate hole 6A, a second bottom plate hole 6B and a third bottom plate hole 6C are formed in the bottom of the main body box 1 and are used for soil leakage; the water permeable screen 4 is adhered to the inner wall of the main body box 1 through acrylic structural adhesive and is used for simulating seepage boundaries; the soil box 25 is positioned between the two water-permeable net plates 4 and is used for accommodating overburden soil; the cover water supply tank 2 is positioned on the right side of the soil box 25 and is used for providing water source for the soil box 25; the cover layer pumping tank 3 is positioned at the left side of the soil box 25 and is used for simulating a pumping well; the karst board 23 is directly placed on the inner bottom surface of the main body box 1, wherein a first karst board hole 5A, a second karst board hole 5B and a third karst board hole 5C are formed in the karst board 23 and are used for supporting soil and carrying out soil leakage at fixed positions.
The karst stratum system is made of organic glass and comprises a karst cavity 11, a karst water supply tank 16, a drain pipe 14, a T-shaped pipe 15, a first sand collecting unit 12A, a second sand collecting unit 12B and a third sand collecting unit 12C. The karst cavity 11 is adhered below the supporting steel plate 10 through acrylic structural adhesive and is used for simulating karst stratum; the karst water supply tank 16 is communicated with the karst cavity 11 through a connecting pipe 13 and is used for supplying water into the karst cavity 11, wherein a water injection valve 17 for controlling the water injection process is arranged on the connecting pipe 13; the drain pipe 14 is communicated below the karst cavity 11 and is communicated with the atmosphere and used for draining water in the karst cavity 11, and a drain valve 18 for controlling the draining process is arranged at the lower end of the drain pipe 14; the T-shaped pipe 15 is communicated with the karst cavity 11 through a small hole on the right side of the karst cavity 11 and is used for controlling the pressure intensity in the karst cavity 11; the first sand collecting unit 12A, the second sand collecting unit 12B and the third sand collecting unit 12C are respectively bonded with the bottom of the supporting steel plate 10 through acrylic structural adhesive and are used for collecting collapse amounts of the overlying soil bodies at different positions.
The supporting steel plate 10 is provided with a first steel plate hole 7A, a second steel plate hole 7B and a third steel plate hole 7C which are mutually independent in parallel, and the first steel plate hole, the second steel plate hole and the third steel plate hole are used for enabling the upper soil covering body to be smoothly leaked out.
The measurement control system comprises an electromagnetic flowmeter 27, a micro water pump 29, an osmometer 30, a micro soil pressure gauge 31 and a running water collecting unit 22. An electromagnetic flowmeter 27 is arranged on the hard pipe 26 and is communicated with the cover water supply tank 2 for measuring the water supply speed and the total water supply amount in the cover water supply tank 2, wherein one end of the hard pipe 26 is directly placed into the cover water supply tank 2, and the other end of the hard pipe 26 is connected with an external water pipe; the miniature water suction pump 29 is connected to one end of the hose 28 and communicated with the cover layer water suction tank 3, and is used for lowering the water level in the cover layer water suction tank 3, and the other end of the hose 28 is directly placed into the cover layer water suction tank 3; the osmometer 30 is connected with soil in the soil box 25 through a water pressure connecting hole 7 on the main body box 1 and is used for measuring pore water pressure in the soil; the miniature soil pressure gauge 31 is connected with soil in the soil box 25 through a soil pressure connecting hole 32 on the main body box 1 and is used for measuring pore water pressure in the soil; the running water collecting unit 22 is placed directly under the drain pipe for observing the total water discharge in the karst cavity 11.
Further, the first sand collecting unit 12A, the second sand collecting unit 12B and the third sand collecting unit 12C are cuboid collecting cavities with scales on the sides and holes on the five sides, so that the sand leakage of each soil hole at each moment can be read visually.
The description of each part in the rainfall funnel soil hole collapse test simulation device is as follows:
the main body box 1 can be of a cuboid structure, the thickness is about 20mm, the length is about 1200mm, the width is about 600mm, the height is about 600mm, the second bottom plate hole 6B is positioned at the center of the bottom of the main body box, the first bottom plate hole 6A and the third bottom plate hole 6C are about 200mm away from the center of the second bottom plate hole 6B, the radius is about 60mm, and the center of the three bottom plate holes is about 300mm away from the long side of the main body box; the water pressure connecting holes 24 can be round holes with the radius of about 10mm, the total number of 3 rows and 9 columns is about 27, the interval between each row is about 60mm, the center of the round hole in the lowest row is about 80mm away from the inner bottom surface of the cover layer cavity, the interval between each row is about 80mm, and the middle row is positioned at the center line of the long side of the main body box; the soil pressure connecting holes 32 can be round holes with the radius of about 15mm, are provided with 4 rows of round holes, have the horizontal spacing of about 150mm, are about 60mm away from the inner bottom surface of the main body box 1, and are symmetrically distributed on the center line of the long side of the main body box 1; the water permeable net plate 4 can be a rectangular plate, the length is about 600mm, the width is about 600mm, the thickness is about 20mm, wherein 9 rows and 9 columns of round holes with the radius of about 5mm and the spacing of about 30mm are uniformly distributed in the center of the plate; the soil box 25 may be a rectangular parallelepiped structure, with a length of about 800mm, a width of about 600mm, and a height of about 600 mm; the cover layer water supply tank 2 can be a cuboid structure with the length of about 200mm, the width of about 600mm and the height of about 600 mm; the cover layer pumping tank 3 can be of a cuboid structure with the length of about 200mm, the width of about 600mm and the height of about 600 mm; the karst slab 23 can be a rectangular slab with the thickness of about 10mm, the length of about 600mm and the width of about 600mm, the second karst slab hole 5B is positioned at the center of the bottom of the main body box, the first karst slab hole 5A and the third karst slab hole 5C are about 200mm away from the center of the second karst slab hole 5B, the radius is about 50mm, and the centers of the three karst slab holes are about 300mm away from the long side of the main body box; the first prefabricated soluble block 9A, the second prefabricated soluble block 9B and the third prefabricated soluble block 9C may have a hemispherical shape at an upper portion of about 25mm radius, a cylindrical shape at a lower portion of about 25mm radius at a bottom surface, and a height of about 230 mm.
The karst cavity 11 may be a rectangular parallelepiped with a thickness of about 20mm, a length of about 800mm, a width of about 600mm, and a height of about 600 mm; the karst water supply tank 16 may be a cube with a side length of about 300mm, and the connecting pipe 13 may be a pipe with a radius of about 10 mm; the drain pipe 14 may be a pipe with a radius of 30 mm; the T-shaped pipe 15 can be a T-shaped communicating pipe with the radius of 10 mm; the first sand collecting unit 12A, the second sand collecting unit 12B and the third sand collecting unit 12C may be cuboid without cover, with the length of about 110mm, the width of about 110mm and the height of about 200mm, and the five sides of the box body are uniformly distributed with small holes with the radius of about 4mm and the interval of about 30 mm.
The supporting steel plate 10 can be a rectangular plate, the thickness is about 10mm, the length is about 1200mm, the width is about 60mm, the second steel plate hole 7B is positioned at the center of the steel plate, the first steel plate hole 7A and the third steel plate hole 7C are about 200mm away from the center of the second steel plate hole 7B, the radius is about 60mm, and the center of the three steel plate holes is about 300mm away from the long side of the main body box.
The hard tube 26 can be a metal tube with the radius of 10mm, the electromagnetic flowmeter 27 can be a JB/T9248-1999 electromagnetic flowmeter, the hose 28 can be a rubber tube with the radius of 5mm, the miniature water pump 29 can be a KCP-C mute water pump, the osmometer 30 can be a resistance strain osmometer, and the miniature soil pressure gauge 31 can be a YT-200G strain miniature soil pressure gauge; the running water collecting unit 22 can be a cap-free cube with a side length of about 400mm, the drain valve 18 can be a ball valve, and the water injection valve 17, the exhaust valve 19, the extraction valve 20 and the water control valve 21 can be common valves.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: when the water levels in the water supply tank and the water pumping tank of the covering layer reach the designed water level, the water level is kept unchanged, and the soluble rock blocks buried in the covering layer are dissolved through the water level change in the karst stratum cavity, so that an existing soil hole is formed, the water level in the karst cavity is kept at the designed water level after the soil hole is formed, the water level in the water pumping tank of the covering layer is changed, and the collapse process of the soil hole under the action of a precipitation funnel is studied. The change of the precipitation funnel in the covering layer at different moments is observed through seepage field monitoring equipment, the change of the soil pressure in the covering layer at different moments is observed through soil pressure monitoring equipment, and the soil leakage quantity at different moments is observed through a sand collecting unit.
Before the soil body of the covering layer is buried, a waterproof film is used for wrapping the prefabricated semispherical surface of the dissolvable block body and is arranged at the round hole of the Kong Yanrong plate. The soil body of the covering layer is paved in a layered way, sand with certain viscosity is selected, the sand is paved once every 50mm, the sand is compacted to about 40mm, 7 layers are paved, the total thickness is about 280mm, after the first layer of soil is paved, a pore soil pressure meter connecting line is buried in a soil box through a soil pressure connecting hole, after the second layer of soil is paved, the soil is compacted to about 80mm, an osmometer connecting line is buried in the soil box through the soil pressure connecting hole, and after the paving is completed, the permeability coefficient of the sand of the covering layer is about 0.0025mm/s, and the pore ratio of the soil is about 0.52.
After the soil body of the covering layer is buried, water is supplied to the covering layer water supply tank, when the water level in the covering layer water pumping tank is about 280mm as the water level in the covering layer water supply tank, the water supply to the covering layer water supply tank is stopped, the water supply amount is observed through an electromagnetic flowmeter connected to the covering layer water supply tank, and the reading is 0.113m 3 Left and right. At the moment, the water filling valve, the exhaust valve and the extraction valve are opened, the water draining valve and the water controlling valve are closed, water supplementing and air exhausting in the karst cavity are completed, after the karst cavity is filled with water, the water filling valve, the exhaust valve and the extraction valve are closed, the extraction valve and the water controlling valve are opened, at the moment, redundant water in the vertical direction of the T-shaped pipe flows out, and the prefabricated soluble block body is gradually dissolved.
After the prefabricated soluble block body is dissolved, the waterproof membrane wrapped on the soluble rock block naturally falls off, the volume of the waterproof membrane is negligible, 3 hemispherical soil holes with the diameter of about 100mm are formed at the bottom of the covering layer, the drain valve is opened, water in the karst stratum cavity slowly flows out, and when the water reaches the designed water level, namely, the water level in the karst stratum drops by about 200mm, the drain valve is closed. The soil above the three soil holes is observed to be continuously leaked by using a miniature water suction pump at the speed of 4ml/min, when the water level in the cover layer water suction tank is reduced to about 240mm, the cover layer collapses, at the moment, the readings of an osmometer are observed to be sequentially 1.817kpa, 2.01kpa, 2.187kpa, 2.35kpa, 2.503kpa, 2.647kpa, 2.783kpa, 2.8kpa and 2.8kpa from left to right, and the soil leakage in the first sand collecting unit is observed to be the greatest and is about 621.5ml, and the soil quantity in the second sand collecting unit and the third sand collecting unit is sequentially reduced. If the water level in the water pumping tank is reduced by about 200mm, and collapse does not occur at the position where the water level in the cover layer water pumping tank is reduced to 160mm, continuously supplying water into the cover layer water supply tank to maintain the water level in the cover layer water supply tank at about 280mm, simultaneously pumping water through a miniature water pump to maintain the water level in the cover layer water pumping tank at about 160mm, connecting an air pump at the top end of an air extraction valve, opening the air exhaust pump and the air extraction valve, and opening the air extraction pump to pump air from the karst cavity until collapse occurs.
The foregoing is merely illustrative embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that may be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention should be covered in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a soil hole subsidence test analogue means under precipitation funnel, includes overburden system, karst stratum system, supporting steel sheet (10) and measurement control system, its characterized in that: the main body box (1) in the covering layer system is arranged on the supporting steel plate (10) through acrylic structural adhesive, the karst cavity (11) in the karst stratum system is adhered under the supporting steel plate (10), the supporting steel plate (10) is adhered on the karst cavity (11) in the karst stratum system through the acrylic structural adhesive, the osmometer (30) and the micro earth pressure gauge (31) in the measurement control system are connected with the soil box (25) in the covering layer system through the water pressure connecting hole (24) and the earth pressure connecting hole (32) on the main body box (1) in the covering layer system, the first prefabricated soluble block (9A) is arranged in the first karst plate hole (5A), the upper diameter of the first prefabricated soluble block (9A) is hemispherical with the same as that of the first karst slab hole (5A), the hemispherical surface of the first prefabricated soluble block (9A) is wrapped with a first watertight film (8A), the second karst slab hole (5B) is internally provided with a second prefabricated soluble block (9B), the upper diameter of the second prefabricated soluble block (9B) is hemispherical with the same as that of the second karst slab hole (5B), the hemispherical surface of the second prefabricated soluble block (9B) is wrapped with a second watertight film (8B), the hemispherical surface of the third karst slab hole (5C) is internally provided with a third prefabricated soluble block (9C), the upper diameter of the third prefabricated soluble block (9C) is hemispherical with that of the third karst slab hole (5C), a third waterproof film (8C) is wrapped on the hemispherical surface of the third prefabricated soluble block (9C);
the covering layer system comprises a main body box (1), a permeable screen plate (4), a soil box (25), a covering layer water supply box (2), a covering layer water pumping tank (3) and a karst plate (23), wherein a soil pressure connecting hole (32) formed in the front of the main body box (1) is connected with a miniature soil pressure gauge (31), a water pressure connecting hole (24) is connected with a osmometer (30), a first bottom plate hole (6A), a second bottom plate hole (6B) and a third bottom plate hole (6C) are formed in the bottom of the main body box (1), the permeable screen plate (4) is bonded on the inner wall of the main body box (1) through acrylic structural adhesive, the soil box (25) is positioned between the two permeable screen plates (4), the covering layer water supply box (2) is positioned on the right side of the soil box (25), the covering layer water pumping tank (3) is positioned on the left side of the soil box (25), the karst plate (23) is directly placed on the inner bottom surface of the main body box (1), and a first karst plate hole (5A), a second karst plate hole (5B) and a third karst plate (5C) are formed on the karst plate (23);
the karst stratum system comprises a karst cavity (11), a karst water supply tank (16), a drain pipe (14), a T-shaped pipe (15), a first sand collecting unit (12A), a second sand collecting unit (12B) and a third sand collecting unit (12C), wherein the karst cavity (11) is adhered below a supporting steel plate (10) through acrylic structural adhesive, the karst water supply tank (16) is communicated with the karst cavity (11) through a connecting pipe (13), a water injection valve (17) for controlling a water injection process is arranged on the connecting pipe (13), the drain pipe (14) is communicated below the karst cavity (11) and is communicated with the atmosphere, a drain valve (18) for controlling a water discharge process is arranged at the lower end of the drain pipe (14), the T-shaped pipe (15) is communicated on the right side of the karst cavity (11), and the first sand collecting unit (12A), the second sand collecting unit (12B) and the third sand collecting unit (12C) are respectively adhered with the bottom of the supporting steel plate (10) through acrylic structural adhesive;
the exhaust valve (19) is arranged in the horizontal direction of the T-shaped pipe (15), the exhaust valve (20) is arranged at the upper end of the vertical direction of the T-shaped pipe (15), and the water control valve (21) is arranged at the lower end of the vertical direction of the T-shaped pipe (15).
2. The device for simulating subsidence test of a soil hole under a precipitation funnel according to claim 1, wherein: the support steel plate (10) is provided with a first steel plate hole (7A), a second steel plate hole (7B) and a third steel plate hole (7C).
3. The device for simulating subsidence test of a soil hole under a precipitation funnel according to claim 1, wherein: the measuring control system comprises an electromagnetic flowmeter (27), a miniature water suction pump (29), an osmometer (30), a miniature soil pressure gauge (31) and a running water collecting unit (22), wherein the electromagnetic flowmeter (27) is arranged on a hard pipe (26) and is communicated with a cover layer water supply tank (2), one end of the hard pipe (26) is directly placed into the cover layer water supply tank (2), the other end of the hard pipe (26) is connected with an external water pipe, the miniature water suction pump (29) is connected with one end of a hose (28) and is communicated with the cover layer water suction tank (3), the other end of the hose (28) is directly placed into the cover layer water suction tank (3), the osmometer (30) is connected with soil in a soil box (25) through a water pressure connecting hole (7) on a main body box (1), and the miniature soil pressure gauge (31) is connected with soil in the soil box (25) through a soil pressure connecting hole (32) on the main body box (1), and the running water collecting unit (22) is directly placed below a drain pipe.
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| CN111122830B (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2021-05-25 | 山东大学(齐河)新材料与智能装备研究院 | Covering type karst collapse simulation test device and operation method thereof |
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| CN114740182B (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2022-09-23 | 山东省地质矿产勘查开发局八〇一水文地质工程地质大队(山东省地矿工程勘察院) | Physical model test system and method for simulating stratum collapse caused by deep well pumping |
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