CN110040765B - 一种化合物NH4InS2及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种化合物NH4InS2及其制备方法和应用,将氧化铟和硫脲混合均匀后加入反应釜中,再加入草酸,然后密封所述反应釜,并将反应釜加热反应,反应结束,得到黄色颗粒状晶体,即为所述化合物NH4InS2。本发明采用简单的草酸硫脲法合成了化合物NH4InS2,该方法简单易行,无需在苛刻的真空反应条件下进行,原材料廉价易得,成本低,能耗低,易于工业化生产。该化合物在太阳光和可见光下均具有良好的光催化制氢活性,拓宽了光响应范围,且可以作为原料用于合成其它含铟硫化物,具有良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及硫化物制备方法的技术领域,具体涉及一种化合物NH4InS2及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
硫化物指电正性较强的金属或非金属与硫形成的一类化合物,是一类数目庞大的无机材料,在光催化材料,荧光材料、非线性光学材料、磁性材料、超导材料等方面具有多种应用价值。例如,二硫化钼是有机合成中的催化剂。由于含硫有机化合物(如噻吩)会使普通氢化催化剂中毒,因此二硫化钼可用于催化含硫有机物质的加氢反应。硫化镉可用于制作光电池。硫化铅被用于制作红外感应器。多硫化钙、多硫化钡和多硫化铵是杀菌剂和杀虫剂。二硫化碳在工业上被用作溶剂。此外,二硫化碳也被用来制取四氯化碳,有机化学中则用二硫化碳来插入-C(=S)-S-基团。硫化锌和硫化镉被用来制造荧光粉,高纯度的硫化镉是良好的半导体。三硫化四磷用于制火柴和烟火。十硫化四磷用于制杀虫剂、润滑油添加剂和浮选剂。硫化钠被大量用于硫化染料的制造、有机药物和纸浆的生产等。硫化钙和硫化钡被用来制造发光漆。因此,研究新的硫化物及其合成具有重要意义。
由于硫化物容易被氧化,因此硫化物的合成方法往往比较复杂,尤其是分子式比较复杂的化合物。目前主要的合成方法:采用溶剂热方法,但该方法使用较多的有机试剂,有毒性且污染环境,不符合现在国家倡导的绿色环保政策;采用安剖瓶抽真空在高温下煅烧的方法,该该方法成本很高、能耗大,难以实现大规模生产;采用水热法合成,但该方法制备的产物往往存在结晶度不佳的问题。
光催化材料可以在一定能量光的激发下产生光生电子空穴对,载流子迁移到材料表面可以与表面吸附物质发生氧化还原反应。利用这一特性,光催化材料可以应用于降解有机污染物、光解水产氢等领域。然而,光催化材料的应用依然面临许多问题,如光催化材料最理想的激发光是太阳光,但是大部分光催化材料只对太阳光谱中比例较小的紫外光响应,从而导致太阳光利用率较低;目前报道的光催化材料中有许多含有贵金属成分,导致光催化材料的制备成本较高。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述不足,本发明的目的在于本发明的目的在于提供一种化合物 NH4InS2,丰富铟硫化物的种类。
本发明还提供了化合物NH4InS2的制备方法,解决现有含铟硫化物制备方法操作复杂、成本高和能耗高等问题。
本发明还提供了化合物NH4InS2的应用,作为光催化剂能够利用可见光进行光催化产氢反应。
实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:一种化合物NH4InS2的制备方法,具体包括如下步骤:将氧化铟和硫脲混合均匀后加入反应釜中,再加入草酸,然后密封所述反应釜,并将反应釜加热反应,反应结束,得到黄色颗粒状晶体,即为所述化合物NH4InS2。
进一步,所述氧化铟和硫脲中的Ga与S的摩尔比为1:10~40。
进一步,所述草酸与氧化铟的摩尔比为5~30:1。
进一步,所述反应温度为220~240℃,反应时间为3~7d。
进一步,所述反应釜内衬材料为聚四氟乙烯。
一种化合物NH4InS2,根据上述方法制备得到。
上述化合物NH4InS2在光催化制氢上的应用。
化合物NH4InS2及其热分解产物In2S3在合成含铟硫化物上的应用。
进一步,所述含铟硫化物为ZnIn2S4、CuInS2、AgInS2或AgIn5S8。
进一步,称取NH4InS2或In2S3,再加入硫化物,然后将上述混合物装入刚玉舟,在惰性气体气氛下,煅烧即可得到所述含铟硫化物,所述硫化物为硫化锌、硫化银和硫化铜中的一种或多种;所述煅烧温度为700~800℃,时间为2~4h。
相比现有技术,本发明具有如下有益效果:
1、本发明首次采用简单的草酸硫脲法合成了化合物NH4InS2,该方法简单易行,且无需在苛刻的真空反应条件下进行,原材料廉价易得,成本低,绿色环保,能耗低,易于工业化生产,也为合成含铟硫化物提供了新思路,具有良好的经济效益。
2、本发明制备得到的化合物NH4InS2是一个新的硫化物,具有黄色的颗粒状晶体且具有较好的稳定性,丰富铟硫化物的种类,并且通过简单的热分解反应即可制备硫化铟,最终变成氧化铟,这三种化合物都可以作为原料用于合成含铟硫化物的研究,为合成硫化铟和氧化铟的提供了新途径和新的原材料,具有良好的应用价值。
3、本发明制备的化合物NH4InS2在太阳光和可见光下均具有良好的光催化制氢活性,提供了一种新型低成本和宽光响应范围的光催化材料。
附图说明
图1是本发明制备的NH4InS2在光学显微镜下的照片;
图2是本发明制备的NH4InS2的X射线粉末衍射图;
图3是本发明制备的NH4InS2样品的热重差热曲线图;
图4是本发明制备的NH4InS2样品的光催化制氢性能;
从左到右依次是在模拟太阳光和可见光下照射;
图5是本发明制备的NH4InS2样品的热分解得到的硫化铟的X射线粉末衍射图;
图6是本发明制备的NH4InS2样品在空气中被氧化的最终产物氧化铟的X射线粉末衍射图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例和附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
一、化合物NH4InS2的制备方法
实施例1
1)称取1mmol氧化铟(In2O3)和20mmol硫脲硫脲(CH4N2S),使In与S的摩尔比为 1:20,并混合均匀后加入聚四氟乙烯内衬中,再称取1.5g草酸(H2C2O4·2H2O)倒入聚四氟乙烯内衬,然后密封聚四氟乙烯内衬,把内衬装入不锈钢外套中。
2)将步骤1)聚四氟乙烯内衬和不锈钢外套放入烘箱中,在230℃反应72h,反应结束,用蒸馏水洗涤产物,除去未反应完全的可溶性杂质,得到黄色颗粒状晶体,即为化合物NH4InS2。
实施例2
1)称取1mmol氧化铟(In2O3)和15mmol硫脲硫脲(CH4N2S),使In与S的摩尔比为 1:25,并混合均匀后加入聚四氟乙烯内衬中,再称取2.0g草酸(H2C2O4·2H2O)倒入聚四氟乙烯内衬,然后密封聚四氟乙烯内衬,把内衬装入不锈钢外套中。
2)将步骤1)聚四氟乙烯内衬和不锈钢外套放入烘箱中,在240℃反应120h,反应结束,用蒸馏水洗涤产物,除去未反应完全的可溶性杂质,得到黄色颗粒状晶体,即为化合物NH4InS2。
实施例3
1)称取1mmol氧化铟(In2O3)和30mmol硫脲硫脲(CH4N2S),使In与S的摩尔比为 1:30,并混合均匀后加入聚四氟乙烯内衬中,再称取1.0g草酸(H2C2O4·2H2O)倒入聚四氟乙烯内衬,然后密封聚四氟乙烯内衬,把内衬装入不锈钢外套中。
2)将步骤1)聚四氟乙烯内衬和不锈钢外套放入烘箱中,在220℃反应168h,反应结束,用蒸馏水洗涤产物,除去未反应完全的可溶性杂质,得到黄色颗粒状晶体,即为化合物NH4InS2。
二、化合物NH4InS2的检测及验证
1、将以上实施例制备的NH4InS2样品在光学显微镜下观察,结果如图1所示。
从图中可以看出,将样品放大80倍后,呈现黄色的颗粒状晶体,其具体形状与白糖小颗粒类似。
从图2中可以看出,该样品的结晶状况良好。并且通过TOPAS软件对其精修,结果表明其结晶学参数为:单斜晶系,空间群为C2/c,β=99.95°,图谱拟合良好,该粉末衍射图谱可以作为比对NH4InS2物相的参考标准。
3、将以上实施例制备的NH4InS2样品进行热重差热分析,采用Mettler-ToledoTGA/DSC1热重差热仪进行热重分析,在空气气氛下样品从室温以每分钟10℃的速度升温至800℃,结果如图3所示。
其中,化合物NH4InS2加热过程的失重化学反应如下,
从图中可以看出,该样品失重分两阶段。第一阶段(200~400℃)失重为16.6%,并且对应一个明显的吸热峰;第二阶段(400~800℃)失重为11.0%,也对应有一个吸热峰。总的失重量为27.6%,而根据NH4InS2的分子式计算的理论失重为29.5%,在合理的误差范围内;因此,验证该黄色的颗粒状晶体的分子式为NH4InS2是的正确。
4、将以上实施例制备得到的NH4InS2分别在300℃和700℃热分解,并将产物采用粉末衍射进行分析,结果如图5和图6所示。
从图5可以看出,其衍射峰较宽,意味着其粒径较小;与标准的硫化铟衍射图(PDF:01-084-1385)对比,表明NH4InS2样品在300℃热分解得到产物确实为In2S3。
从图6可以看出,其衍射峰较窄且锐,意味着其结晶良好;与标准的氧化铟衍射图(PDF:01-089-4595)对比,表明NH4InS2样品在700℃热分解得到产物确实为In2O3。
综上,本发明得到的黄色的颗粒状晶体的分子式确实为NH4InS2。
三、化合物NH4InS2的应用
1、采用CEL-SPH2N光催化活性评价系统,光源为350W的氙灯,甲醇作牺牲剂,将0.1g 上述实施例1制得的NH4InS2样品加入到含有50mL含20vol%d甲醇溶液的玻璃反应器中。在测试光照前,把反应器内抽成真空以保证反应测试在厌氧条件下进行。分别在太阳光或可见光照射后,对NH4InS2的光催化产氢性能进行测试,结果如图4所示。
测试结果表明,其光催化产氢活性随着光照时间的延长而增长,在模拟太阳光下NH4InS2的产氢量约为18.0μmol/h/g,在可见光下NH4InS2的产氢量约为2μmol/h/g。说明本发明制备得到的NH4InS2在太阳光和可见光下均具有良好的光催化制氢活性。
2、称取硫化锌和NH4InS2,使Zn和In的摩尔比为1:2,在研钵中磨匀后,装入刚玉舟,在通入氮气气氛的管式气氛炉中在750℃的温度下煅烧2h能够得到ZnIn2S4样品。
3、称取硫化铜和In2S3,使Cu和In的摩尔比为1:2,在研钵中磨匀后,装入刚玉舟,在通入氮气气氛的管式气氛炉中在700℃的温度下煅烧3h能够得到CuInS2样品。
最后说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (1)
1.一种化合物NH4InS2的制备方法,其特征在于,具体包括如下步骤:将氧化铟和硫脲混合均匀后加入反应釜中,再加入草酸,然后密封所述反应釜,并将反应釜加热反应,反应结束,得到黄色颗粒状晶体,即为所述化合物NH4InS2;
所述化合物NH4InS2用于以甲醇作牺牲剂光催化制氢;在空气气氛下,所述化合物NH4InS2在300℃热分解产物为In2S3,所述化合物NH4InS2在700℃热分解产物为In2O3;
所述氧化铟和硫脲中的In与S的摩尔比为1:10~30;
所述草酸与氧化铟的摩尔比为5~30:1;
所述反应温度为220~240℃,反应时间为3~7d;
所述反应釜内衬材料为聚四氟乙烯。
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