CN110038630B - 用于制备3-甲基吡啶的分子筛催化剂及制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

用于制备3-甲基吡啶的分子筛催化剂及制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN110038630B
CN110038630B CN201910402639.5A CN201910402639A CN110038630B CN 110038630 B CN110038630 B CN 110038630B CN 201910402639 A CN201910402639 A CN 201910402639A CN 110038630 B CN110038630 B CN 110038630B
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methylpyridine
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acrolein
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刘晓民
梁建国
王佳柳
王鹏肖
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Hebei Yanuo Biological Technology Co ltd
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    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
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    • C07D213/09Preparation by ring-closure involving the use of ammonia, amines, amine salts, or nitriles
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    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/06Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/16Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom containing only one pyridine ring
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    • B01J2229/00Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
    • B01J2229/10After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于制备3‑甲基吡啶的分子筛催化剂及制备方法和应用,其由HEU‑1分子筛和铝源混合焙烧而成。所述制备方法为:将HEU‑1分子筛和铝源混匀、挤条、干燥,经焙烧后即可得到所述的分子筛催化剂。所述分子筛催化剂应用于丙烯醛、丙醛和氨反应制备3‑甲基吡啶。本EU‑1分子筛催化剂,与ZSM‑5或ZSM‑11分子筛催化剂相比,催化剂上3‑甲基吡啶和吡啶碱的收率更高,3‑甲基吡啶的选择性更好。

Description

用于制备3-甲基吡啶的分子筛催化剂及制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种分子筛催化剂,尤其是一种用于制备3-甲基吡啶的分子筛催化剂及制备方法和应用。
背景技术
3-甲基吡啶是制备烟酸和烟酰胺的主要原料,还可以用来制备维生素,又是合成吡啶类香料和新型杀虫剂的重要中间体,目前呈现供不应求的局面。3-甲基吡啶最先从煤焦化分馏副产品中回收,但由于焦化副产品中吡啶组份多、产品复杂、分离困难,且产量较少,目前主要采用醛氨合成法生产。
目前合成3-甲基吡啶的方法,主要是在乙醛和氨气相法合成2-甲基吡啶和4-甲基吡啶的基础上,通过往原料中添加大量甲醛来制备吡啶和3-甲基吡啶。USP3970655、GB1188891、DE 2746177、US4239892报道了采用乙醛和氨气相合成2-甲基吡啶和4-甲基吡啶的方法。US4239892报道在温度为440℃左右、空速为800h-1,通入乙醛/氨气/水蒸气/氮气=1/1/4/2的混合气体,得到88%左右的吡啶碱。采Ag-Pb-Si-Al-O和Ag-Ca-Si-Al-O催化剂,其中吡啶13%、2-甲基吡啶38%、4-甲基吡啶37%。中国专利公开号CN1886195A采用杂多酸作为催化剂,以乙醛和氨为原料,得到了70%左右的2-甲基吡啶和4-甲基吡啶。
而在需要得到3-甲基吡啶时,只需将原料换成乙醛和甲醛的混合物即可,由于该方法成熟、工艺操作简单,目前工业上制备3-甲基吡啶都是采用此方法。英国专利1346630、790994和USP3946020、4675410、4810794、4089863、5395940都对此有报道。US3946020报道在H-SiO2-Al2O3催化剂上,甲醛/乙醛/氨气=12/12/26.4、420℃左右、空速为1160h-1条件下,得到了吡啶收率为38.1%、3-甲基吡啶为25.9%。中国专利公开号CN1506353A、CN1506354A、CN1566093A也报道了采用甲醛乙醛法合成吡啶和3-甲基吡啶的方法。其中CN1566093A报道采用甲醛/乙醛/氨气=1/2/4.5,在以Co-Pb-ZSM5为催化剂、450˚C左右、空速为1000h-1条件下,得到了吡啶碱收率为83%,其中吡啶收率为68%、2-甲基吡啶为4%、3-甲基吡啶为4.5%、4-甲基吡啶为6.5%。当甲醛/乙醛/氨气=1/1/4.5时,吡啶碱收率为81.5%,其中,吡啶收率为56%、3-甲基吡啶收率达到24.5%,基本不产生2-甲基吡啶和4-甲基吡啶。可见,通过增加甲醛的量,可以提高3-甲基吡啶的收率,但是难以完全避免4-甲基吡啶的生成。众所周知,3-甲基吡啶和4-甲基吡啶难以分离,这样难以得到高纯度3-甲基吡啶。
为了尽量避免4-甲基吡啶的生成,就需要在原料中避免使用乙醛,因而,大量研究采用丙烯醛为原料来制备3-甲基吡啶。英国专利1020857、1187347、1208291、1222971报道了使用丙烯醛和氨气气相合成吡啶和3-甲基吡啶的方法,而且产物不含4-甲基吡啶。其中BP1020857报道了采用丙烯醛/氨气/水=1/5/1,以B-P/SiO2-Al2O3为催化剂、温度为350˚C左右,接触时间为5秒,得到了吡啶碱收率为60%,其中吡啶收率为25%、3-甲基吡啶为35%。BP1187347报道采用3%丙烯醛、6%氨气、3%氧气、40%水蒸汽和48%氮气为原料,F/Al2O3-SiO2为催化剂、温度400℃左右,接触时间为2秒,得到76.8%左右的吡啶碱收率,其中吡啶为61.9%、3-甲基吡啶为14.9%。USP3960766、USP 3917542、USP 3898177报道采用F-Al2O3作为载体,丙烯醛和氨气反应制备吡啶和3-甲基吡啶。其中USP3898177报道采用丙烯醛/氨气/氮气=1/2/2.7,在400℃~420℃气相反应得到了71%左右的吡啶碱收率,其中吡啶收率为26.6%、3-甲基吡啶收率为44%。
由于采用丙烯醛和氨气气相反应生成3-甲基吡啶产物有大量吡啶生成,应该是丙烯醛高温裂解产生或者3-甲基吡啶裂解脱甲基产生。同时由于丙烯醛比较活泼,容易自聚,因而部分专利考虑加入其他有机物部分替代丙烯醛作为原料。例如加入乙醛(英国专利963887、1005984、1069368、USP4147874、5952258)、环氧丙烷(英国专利1192255)、酮(英国专利920526、加拿大专利1063121)、丙醇(USP896049)、三聚乙醛(英国专利887688、美国专利4163854)。其中US5952258报道采用丙烯醛/乙醛/氨=1/0.5/2,气时空速83h-1、反应温度为450℃,以HZSM-5/In为催化剂得到78%的吡啶碱收率,其中50%的吡啶收率和27%的3-甲基吡啶收率。
目前,国内外大多采用ZSM-5和ZSM-11分子筛开展丙烯醛,丙醛和氨气反应制3-甲基吡啶的研究,而对EU-1分子筛催化剂制备用于该过程的研究还未见报道。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种收率和选择性更高的用于制备3-甲基吡啶的分子筛催化剂;本发明还提供了一种制备3-甲基吡啶的分子筛催化剂的制备方法;本发明还提供了一种制备3-甲基吡啶的分子筛催化剂的应用。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明所采取的技术方案是:其由HEU-1分子筛和铝源混合焙烧而成。
本发明所述铝源选自硝酸铝、薄水铝石和硫酸铝中的至少一种。
本发明所述铝源以Al2O3计,焙烧后EU-1分子筛/Al2O3重量比为40~90:10~60。
本发明方法为:将HEU-1分子筛和铝源混匀、挤条、干燥,经焙烧后即可得到所述的分子筛催化剂。
本发明方法所述焙烧温度为450~600℃,焙烧时间为2小时及以上。
本发明应用为:所述分子筛催化剂应用于丙烯醛、丙醛和氨气反应制备3-甲基吡啶。
本发明应用所述反应条件为:压力0.1~1MPa、温度380~550℃、丙烯醛质量空速0.2~1.5h-1,氨气与丙烯醛的摩尔比不小于0.5:1、氮气与丙烯醛的摩尔比为1~10:1、水蒸气与丙烯醛的质量比为0~10:1。
本发明应用所述丙醛与丙烯醛的摩尔比为0~2:1。
采用上述技术方案所产生的有益效果在于:本发明EU-1分子筛催化剂,与ZSM-5或ZSM-11分子筛催化剂相比,催化剂上3-甲基吡啶和吡啶碱的收率更高,3-甲基吡啶的选择性更好。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
本用于制备3-甲基吡啶的分子筛催化剂由HEU-1分子筛和铝源混合焙烧而成;铝源焙烧后生成氧化铝,EU-1分子筛/Al2O3重量比为40/60~90/10,优选的重量比为70/30~90/10,作为Al2O3来源的铝源可选用硝酸铝、薄水铝石和/或硫酸铝。方法工艺如下所述:将HEU-1分子筛与铝源粘结剂混捏、挤条、干燥,然后进行焙烧,即可制得所述的分子筛催化剂;所述干燥温度为80~120℃、干燥时间为2~10小时,焙烧温度为450~600℃、焙烧时间为2小时及以上。
实施例1:本用于制备3-甲基吡啶的分子筛催化剂采用下述方法制备而成。
将8g的HEU-1分子筛与2.6g薄水铝石(干基77%)混捏、挤条,120℃干燥4小时,在540℃下焙烧3小时,即可制得所述的分子筛催化剂。所得分子筛催化剂中EU-1分子筛/Al2O3=80/20。
实施例2:本用于制备3-甲基吡啶的分子筛催化剂采用下述方法制备而成。
将4.5g的HEU-1分子筛与23.0g硝酸铝混捏,挤条,80℃干燥10小时,在580℃下焙烧4.5小时,即可制得所述的分子筛催化剂。所得分子筛催化剂中EU-1分子筛/Al2O3=60/40。
实施例3:本用于制备3-甲基吡啶的分子筛催化剂采用下述方法制备而成。
将9g的HEU-1分子筛与6.53g的Al2(SO4)3·18H2O混捏、挤条,100℃干燥7小时,在450℃下焙烧3小时,即可制得所述的分子筛催化剂。所得分子筛催化剂中EU-1分子筛/Al2O3=90/10。
实施例4:本用于制备3-甲基吡啶的分子筛催化剂采用下述方法制备而成。
将7g的HEU-1分子筛、6.53g的Al2(SO4)3·18H2O 和2.6g薄水铝石(干基77%)混捏、挤条,110℃干燥6小时,在550℃下焙烧3小时,即可制得所述的分子筛催化剂。所得分子筛催化剂中EU-1分子筛/Al2O3=70/30。
实施例5:本用于制备3-甲基吡啶的分子筛催化剂采用下述方法制备而成。
将4g的HEU-1分子筛、13.06g的Al2(SO4)3·18H2O、2.6g薄水铝石(干基77%)、和15g硝酸铝混捏、挤条,120℃干燥2小时,在600℃下焙烧2小时,即可制得所述的分子筛催化剂。所得分子筛催化剂中EU-1分子筛/Al2O3=40/60。
对比例1:以ZSM-5分子筛催化剂作为对比例,制备方法如下所述。
将8g的HZSM-5分子筛与2.6g薄水铝石(干基77%)混捏、挤条,120℃干燥4小时,在540℃下焙烧3小时,即可制得ZSM-5分子筛催化剂。所得分子筛催化剂中HZSM-5分子筛/Al2O3=80/20。
对比例2:以ZSM-11分子筛催化剂作为对比例,制备方法如下所述。
将8g的HZSM-11分子筛与2.6g薄水铝石(干基77%)混捏、挤条,120℃干燥4小时,在540℃下焙烧3小时,即可制得ZSM-11分子筛催化剂。所得分子筛催化剂中ZSM-11分子筛/Al2O3=80/20。
应用效果对比试验:采用实施例1-4和对比例1-2所得分子筛催化剂进行试验。
在固定床反应装置上进行,将5g催化剂置于不锈钢反应器(内径10mm,长度30cm)中部恒温区。反应前催化剂在N2(60ml/min)气氛下升到450℃,原料为丙烯醛、丙醛和氨气,反应条件为:0.1MPa、450℃,丙烯醛(丙烯醛/丙醛摩尔比1/1)、质量空速 0.3h-1、氨气12~18ml/min、N2 50~60 ml/min。反应器出口接冷凝器,出口接接收瓶,尾气用三级甲苯洗涤吸收。GC内标法分析丙烯醛和丙醛浓度;HPLC外标法分析吡啶碱浓度;分析结果见表1。
表1:分子筛催化剂反应性能
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
实验结果表明,本分子筛催化剂上丙烯醛和丙醛的转化率均大于98%(未列出);表1的结果表明,实施例所得催化剂上的3-甲基吡啶和吡啶碱优于对比例所得催化剂;实施例所得催化剂上3-甲基吡啶和吡啶碱均高于对比例所得催化剂。
应用例1-7:本分子筛催化剂用于丙烯醛,丙醛和氨反应,反应条件为:压力0.1~1Mpa,优选的为0.1~0.5Mpa;温度380~550℃,优选的430~500℃;丙烯醛质量空速 0.2~1.5h-1,优选的0.2~1.0h-1;氨与丙烯醛的摩尔比不小于0.5:1,优选的2.0~4.0:1;氮气与丙烯醛的摩尔比为1~10:1,优选的4~7:1;水蒸气与丙烯醛的质量比为0~10:1,优选的0.2~1:1;丙醛与丙烯醛的摩尔比为0~2:1,优选的0.2~1:1;所述的氨可以用氨气、液氨或氨的水溶液。各应用例的具体工艺参数见表2,反应结果见表3。
表2:应用例的工艺参数
Figure 268231DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
表2中,丙醛比为丙醛与丙烯醛的摩尔比,质量空速为丙烯醛质量空速,氨比为氨与丙烯醛的摩尔比,水蒸气比为水蒸气与丙烯醛的质量比,氮比为氮与丙烯醛的摩尔比。
表3:应用例的反应结果
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003

Claims (3)

1.一种用于制备3-甲基吡啶的分子筛催化剂的应用,其特征在于:所述分子筛催化剂应用于丙烯醛、丙醛和氨反应制备3-甲基吡啶;
所述反应条件为:压力0.1~1MPa、温度380~550℃、丙烯醛质量空速 0.2~1.5h-1,氨与丙烯醛的摩尔比不小于0.5:1、氮气与丙烯醛的摩尔比为1~10:1、水蒸气与丙烯醛的质量比为0~10:1;
所述分子筛催化剂的制备方法为:将HEU-1分子筛和铝源混匀、挤条、干燥,经焙烧后即可得到所述的分子筛催化剂;所述焙烧温度为450~600℃,焙烧时间为2小时及以上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于制备3-甲基吡啶的分子筛催化剂的应用,其特征在于:所述丙醛与丙烯醛的摩尔比为0~2:1。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于制备3-甲基吡啶的分子筛催化剂的应用,其特征在于:所述铝源以Al2O3计,焙烧后EU-1分子筛/Al2O3重量比为40~90:10~60。
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