CN110036954B - Method for accelerating sexual maturation of adult horseshoe crabs of Tachypleus tridentatus and culture system using same - Google Patents
Method for accelerating sexual maturation of adult horseshoe crabs of Tachypleus tridentatus and culture system using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN110036954B CN110036954B CN201910458083.1A CN201910458083A CN110036954B CN 110036954 B CN110036954 B CN 110036954B CN 201910458083 A CN201910458083 A CN 201910458083A CN 110036954 B CN110036954 B CN 110036954B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/045—Filters for aquaria
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for accelerating sexual maturation of adult horseshoe crabs and a culture system applying the method, wherein the method is used for simulating the tide phenomenon of a natural environment by controlling the water level and the water flow of a culture pond so as to accelerate the sexual maturation of adult horseshoe crabs; the culture system comprises a culture pond, a micro-filter, a low-level reservoir, a water pump, a biological filter pond, a protein separator, an ozone sterilizer, an ultraviolet sterilizer and a high-level reservoir which are sequentially connected through pipelines; the high-level reservoir is connected with the culture pond through a pipeline; the low-level reservoir is provided with a water quality monitoring device I, and the high-level reservoir is provided with a water quality monitoring device II and a water temperature control device; coral sand is laid at the bottom of the culture pond. The culture method has the advantages of few control conditions, simple and convenient operation and good effect; the recirculating aquaculture system of the invention avoids the problem of poor water quality of the existing aquaculture means, and also solves the problem of appendage abrasion caused by the movement of adult horseshoe crabs in a cement pond by paving coral sand in the aquaculture pond.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and relates to a method for accelerating sexual maturation of adult tachypleus tridentatus and a culture system using the method, in particular to a method for accelerating sexual maturation of adult tachypleus tridentatus and a circulating water culture system for simulating the survival state of adult tachypleus tridentatus in a natural environment to further promote the adult tachypleus tridentatus to rapidly reach the sexual maturation.
Background
Limulus belongs to the phylum Arthropoda, the phylum chelidata, the class of Limulidae, the order Camphoidea (Xiphosura), the family of Limulidae, there are 4 species of 3 genera, called "activated stone", and only two species of Limulus gigas and Limulus rotundus are available in China. The existing artificial breeding mode of adult horseshoe crabs in China is mainly to simulate an outdoor growth mode of adult horseshoe crabs in a cement pond for artificial breeding, but shells and appendages of adult horseshoe crabs are easy to wear when moving in the cement pond and are easily influenced by weather change; after bait feeding, the water quality is not changed timely, so that the water quality is poor, and the survival state of the horseshoe crabs is influenced; the culture seawater can be used only once, the utilization rate is low, and water resource waste is caused; the discharge of the culture seawater pollutes the environment and the like.
At present, a circulating water culture system is mostly adopted in the field of aquaculture so as to avoid the problem caused by the deterioration of the quality of the artificial culture water. Both patent 201410754265.0 and patent 201020657697.7 disclose a recirculating aquaculture system, which can overcome a series of problems caused by seawater quality in artificial culture of adult horseshoe crabs from Chinese horseshoe crabs to a certain extent. However, the most prominent problem faced by the artificial cultivation of the adult horseshoe crab of Tachypleus tridentatus at present is that the growth rate of the adult horseshoe crab of Tachypleus tridentatus is too slow and the sexual maturation period is too long under the artificial cultivation environment, which brings great difficulty to the breeding and protection of the adult horseshoe crab of Tachypleus tridentatus.
Therefore, the development of a culture method for accelerating the sexual maturation of the tachypleus tridentatus is of great practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of too slow growth speed and too long sexual maturation period of adult tachypleus tridentatus in the prior art, and provides a method for culturing adult tachypleus tridentatus capable of obviously shortening the sexual maturation period of the adult tachypleus tridentatus and a recirculating aquaculture system adopting the method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the method for accelerating the sexual maturation of the adult tachypleus tridentatus is characterized in that the sexual maturation of the adult tachypleus tridentatus is accelerated by simulating the tide phenomenon of the natural environment by controlling the water level and the water flow of the culture pond;
the tide phenomenon for simulating the natural environment by controlling the water level and the water flow of the culture pond specifically means that the tide phenomenon is simulated when the water level of the culture pond is 0cm and no water flows in the culture pond, and when the water level of the culture pond is 60-80 cm, the water flow of the culture pond is 0.4-0.8 m3The simulated tidal rising state is obtained at the time of/h.
The specific method for simulating the natural environment (tide phenomenon) of the horseshoe crab in the invention comprises the following steps: and during X (as at 6 points earlier), closing a water inlet valve of the culture pond, opening a water outlet valve of the culture pond, completely discharging water in the culture pond, closing the water outlet valve of the culture pond after the water in the culture pond is completely discharged to the low-level reservoir, and closing a circulating water system, namely a water pump, wherein the simulated ebb state is realized. During Y (such as 12 noon), the water pump is opened, the water inlet valve of the culture pond is opened, and the water inlet valve is kept at 2.4m3The flow rate of the water body is 30 min/h, so that the water level of the culture pond reaches 40cm, and then the flow rate of the water body is adjusted to 1.2m3H, keeping the flow for 30min, adjusting the water level to 60cm, and finally adjusting the water flow of the culture pond to 0.6m3And h, keeping the flow to be operated all the time, namely simulating the flood tide state. The method is a rising tide and falling tide cycle, the specific cycle (time) of the cycle can be adjusted according to actual conditions, but the cycle cycles are consistent to simulate the tide phenomenon in natural environment, so that Tachypleus tridentatus adapts to the periodic change of tide, the water inlet speed of the culture pond in the process of simulating rising tide can be adjusted according to the actual conditions, the method is not limited to the above, only a feasible technical scheme is provided at this time, the egg laying season of Tachypleus tridentatus is 6-9 months, and the egg laying season is not long.
The invention artificially simulates tidal change by changing the water pressure and the flow speed in the culture pond, thereby influencing the swimming, ingestion and reproductive capacities of the Tachypleus tridentatus. The change of the water level and the flow velocity in the culture pond can play the effects of changing the temperature of the water body, increasing the dissolved oxygen amount of the water body and purifying the water quality. During the propagation period of the Tachypleus tridentatus, the change of water body flow velocity and water pressure is used as stimulation to influence the egg laying and propagation of the Tachypleus tridentatus, so that the living environment of the Tachypleus tridentatus is changed, and the Tachypleus tridentatus gradually adapts to the change by periodically changing the water level and the flow velocity, thereby influencing the life style and the physiological state of the Tachypleus tridentatus. Compared with the tidal speed in the natural environment, the simulated tidal speed in the breeding environment is relatively improved, and the tidal time variation is diversified and has periodicity.
As a preferred technical scheme:
the time interval between the simulated ebb state and the latest simulated ebb state is 6-8 h, the ebb phenomenon is simulated through periodic change, so that the Tab crab gradually adapts to the change, the biological cycle of the Tab crab is formed, the upcoming tidal water fluctuation, temperature, bait and other related biological changes are sensed in advance, and then the corresponding changes of the life style and the physiological state are caused through the regulation and domination of the nervous system and the endocrine system in the Tab crab body, so that the Lib crab gradually adapts to the living environment simulating the ebb phenomenon, the survival rate of the Tab crab is increased, and the ovulation cycle of the Tab crab is shortened. The time interval for simulating the flood tide state is too short or too long, so that the biological cycle of the formation rule of the Tachypleus tridentatus is influenced, the adaptation cycle of the living environment for simulating the flood tide phenomenon in a circulating water system is longer, and the effect of shortening the sexual maturation cycle of the Tachypleus tridentatus is not obvious.
The invention also provides a culture system applying the method for accelerating sexual maturation of the tachypleus tridentatus from the tachypleus tridentatus, which comprises a culture pond, a micro-filter, a low-level reservoir, a water pump, a biological filter tank, a protein separator, an ozone sterilizer, an ultraviolet sterilizer and a high-level reservoir which are sequentially connected through pipelines; the high-level reservoir is connected with the culture pond through a pipeline;
the micro-filter filters suspended matters, residues and other substances in the aquaculture water body through the rotation and the back flushing effect of the internal device, so that the water body achieves the purification effect; the interior of the biological filter tank contains a large amount of circular plastic fillers (the diameter is 2cm), culture water is in contact with microbial films growing on the surfaces of the fillers in a clearance manner, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the water body are removed, and the water body is further purified; the protein separator adopts a foam separation principle to convert the water bubbles adsorbed on the surface of the water bubbles into turbid liquid to be discharged, so that the effect of removing impurities such as ammonia nitrogen, suspended matters, residual baits and the like in the water body is achieved; the ozone sterilizer removes organic substances in the water body through the strong oxidation effect of ozone; the ultraviolet sterilization device inhibits or eliminates bacteria in the water body;
the low-level reservoir is provided with a water quality monitoring device I, and the high-level reservoir is provided with a water quality monitoring device II and a water temperature control device;
coral sand is paved at the bottom of the culture pond.
The culture system is a circulating water culture system, the problem of poor water quality of the existing culture means is solved, coral sand is laid in the culture pond to overcome the problem of appendage abrasion caused by the movement of adult horseshoe crabs in a cement pond, and the survival state of adult horseshoe crabs in the natural environment is simulated by controlling the water level and the water flow rate of the culture pond, so that the adult horseshoe crabs are promoted to rapidly complete sexual maturity in a breeding season.
As a preferred technical scheme:
as for the culture system, the culture pond is of a cylindrical structure, the bottom of the culture pond is provided with the pipe, coral sand is paved outside the pipe, the upper part of the pipe is wrapped by the nylon net to prevent the coral sand from being discharged along with the fluctuation of water flow, the upper part of the culture pond is provided with the water inlet valve, and the lower part of the culture pond is provided with the water outlet valve.
According to the culture system, the pipe is a round pipe, the height of the pipe is 60cm, and the diameter of the pipe is 8 cm; the particle size of the coral sand is 1-3 mm, and the laying height of the coral sand is 15 cm; the nylon net is a 1600-mesh net. The size of the pipe, the grain size and the laying height of the coral sand, and the type of the nylon net according to the present invention are not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can select the size according to the actual situation.
According to the culture system, the pipe is made of PVC, PP, PE, ABS or stainless steel. The material of the pipe of the present invention is not limited to this, but may be other plastic or metal pipes, and the metal pipe may be corroded when immersed in water for a long time.
According to the culture system, a plurality of culture ponds which are connected in parallel are arranged between the high-level reservoir and the micro-filter;
the biological filter tank comprises a biological filter tank I and a biological filter tank II, and the water pump, the biological filter tank I, the biological filter tank II and the protein separator are sequentially connected;
the screen of the micro-filter is a stainless steel screen of 100-150 meshes.
According to the culture system, the biological filter tank I is connected with the pneumatic fan, and the dissolved oxygen of the water in the biological filter tank I can be increased through the pneumatic fan.
In the culture system, the water quality monitoring device I and the water quality monitoring device II comprise a temperature detector, a dissolved oxygen measuring instrument and a pH measuring instrument;
the inlet and outlet valves are equipped with flow rate monitors.
In the culture system, the water quality monitoring device I, the water quality monitoring device II, the flow rate monitor, the water inlet valve and the water outlet valve are connected with a computer. The invention can not only obtain the water quality condition of the high-level reservoir and the low-level reservoir through the computer, but also control the water inlet valve and the water outlet valve through the computer, namely control the water level and the water flow rate of the culture pond so as to simulate the tide phenomenon in the natural environment to accelerate the sexual maturity of the Tachypleus tridentatus.
Has the advantages that:
(1) the method for accelerating sexual maturation of adult tachypleus tridentatus provided by the invention has the advantages that the water level and the water flow of the culture pond are controlled to simulate the survival state of the adult tachypleus tridentatus in the natural environment, the control conditions are few, the operation is simple and convenient, the effect is good, and the application prospect is very good;
(2) the culture system of the method for accelerating sexual maturation of the adult horseshoe crabs is a circulating water culture system, and the problem of poor water quality of the existing culture means is solved;
(3) the culture system of the method for accelerating sexual maturation of adult horseshoe crabs is characterized in that coral sand is laid in the culture pond, so that the problem of appendage abrasion caused by the movement of adult horseshoe crabs in a cement pond is solved, and the application prospect is good.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a recirculating aquaculture system for adult horseshoe crabs of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a culture pond of the present invention;
the method comprises the following steps of 1-a culture pond, 2-a micro-filter, 3-a low-level reservoir, 4-a water pump, 5-a pneumatic fan, 6-a biological filter I, 7-a biological filter II, 8-a protein separator, 9-an ozone sterilizer, 10-an ultraviolet sterilization device, 11-a high-level reservoir, 12-a water quality monitoring device II, 13-a computer, 14-a water inlet valve, 15-a water outlet valve, 16-a nylon net and 17-coral sand.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the attached drawings.
Example 1
A recirculating aquaculture system of adult horseshoe crabs comprises an aquaculture pond 1, a microfiltration machine 2 provided with a stainless steel screen of 100-150 meshes, a low-level reservoir 3, a water pump 4, a biological filter pond I6, a biological filter pond II 7, a protein separator 8, an ozone sterilizer 9, an ultraviolet sterilization device 10 and a high-level reservoir 11 which are sequentially connected through pipelines, wherein the low-level reservoir 3, the water pump 4, the biological filter pond I6, the biological filter pond II 7, the ozone sterilizer 9, the ultraviolet sterilization device 10 and the high-level reservoir 11 are arranged in;
the high-level reservoir 11 is connected with the culture pond 1 through a pipeline, a plurality of culture ponds connected in parallel are arranged between the high-level reservoir 11 and the micro-filter 2, and the biological filter I6 is connected with the pneumatic fan 5;
the low-level reservoir 3 is provided with a water quality monitoring device I, the high-level reservoir 11 is provided with a water quality monitoring device II 12 and a water temperature control device, and the water quality monitoring device I and the water quality monitoring device II 12 comprise a temperature detector, a dissolved oxygen measuring instrument and a pH measuring instrument;
breed pond 1 and be cylindrical structure, height 60cm has been arranged to its bottom, the diameter is 8 cm's PVC pipe, PVC outside of tubes side is spread has the coral sand 17 that the particle diameter is 1~3mm, the height of laying of coral sand is 15cm, PVC pipe upper portion is wrapped up by 1600 mesh nylon 16, breed the upper portion in pond and install inlet valve 14, outlet valve 15 is installed to the lower part, inlet valve 14 and outlet valve 15 are equipped with the velocity of flow monitor, water quality monitoring device I, water quality monitoring device II, the velocity of flow monitor, inlet valve and outlet valve are connected with computer 13.
The method for cultivating the horseshoe crabs by adopting the circulating water cultivation system of the horseshoe crabs to cultivate the horseshoe crabs is characterized in that the sexual maturity of the horseshoe crabs is accelerated by simulating the tide phenomenon of the natural environment by controlling the water level and the water flow of the cultivation pond;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: closing the water inlet valve of the culture pond at 6 am, opening the water outlet valve of the culture pond, completely draining water in the culture pond, closing the water outlet valve of the culture pond after the water in the culture pond is completely drained to the low-level reservoir, simultaneously closing the circulating water system, namely the water pump, starting the water pump at 12 am at the moment in order to simulate the ebb state, and keeping the water inlet valve of the culture pond at 2.4m3The flow rate of the water body is 30 min/h, so that the water level of the culture pond reaches 40cm, and then the flow rate of the water body is adjusted to 1.2m3H, keeping the flow for 30min, adjusting the water level to 60cm, and finally adjusting the water flow of the culture pond to 0.6m3And h, keeping the flow to operate all the time, wherein the flow is in a simulated flood tide state, namely a flood tide and ebb tide cycle, and keeping the cycle all the time.
The sexual maturity period of the adult horseshoe crab cultured by the method is 2 months, the sexual maturity period of the adult horseshoe crab cultured by the cement culture pond is 3 months, and comparison shows that the sexual maturity period of the adult horseshoe crab cultured by the method simulates the survival state of the adult horseshoe crab in the natural environment by controlling the water level and the water flow of the culture pond, so that the adult horseshoe crab can rapidly complete sexual maturity in a breeding season, and the method has a great application prospect.
Example 2
A method for culturing adult horseshoe crabs as in example 1, which is substantially the same as that of example 1, except that the height of the PVC pipe is 80cm, that is, the water level simulating the rising tide state is 80cm, and the final water flow rate is 0.4m3H is used as the reference value. The sexual maturation period of the adult horseshoe crab is 2 months.
Example 3
A method for culturing adult horseshoe crabs, substantially the same as in example 1, except that the height of the PVC pipe is 70cm, i.e., water simulating a rising tide stateThe position is 70cm, and the final water flow is 0.8m3H is used as the reference value. The sexual maturation period of the adult horseshoe crab is 2 months.
Comparative example
A cultivation method is basically the same as the embodiment 1, and is different from the cultivation method only in the water level and the water flow of the cultivation pond, the water level of the simulated flood tide state is 1m, and the final water flow is 1.2m3/h。
The cultivation method of the comparative example is adopted for cultivation of the adult tachypleus tridentatus, the sexual maturation period of the adult tachypleus tridentatus is 3 months, and comparison with the embodiment 1-3 shows that during the egg laying period of the propagation of the adult tachypleus tridentatus, the gonad maturation is accelerated and the egg laying can be carried out in a short period under the stimulation of the water level and the water body flow rate change, so that the egg laying frequency and the egg laying amount are improved, and a foundation is laid for the breeding of the larva of the adult tachypleus tridentatus later. Therefore, the sexual maturation period of the Tachypleus tridentatus can be shortened under the specific water level and the specific water flow, and the egg laying rate of the Tachypleus tridentatus is further improved.
Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are merely illustrative and various changes or modifications may be made without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The method for accelerating the sexual maturation of the Tachypleus tridentatus into the Tachypleus tridentatus is characterized in that the sexual maturation of the Tachypleus tridentatus into the Tachypleus tridentatus is accelerated by simulating the tide phenomenon of the natural environment by controlling the water level and the water flow of the culture pond;
the tide phenomenon for simulating the natural environment by controlling the water level and the water flow of the culture pond specifically means that the tide phenomenon is simulated when the water level of the culture pond is 0cm and no water flows in the culture pond, and when the water level of the culture pond is 60-80 cm, the water flow of the culture pond is 0.4-0.8 m3The simulated moisture rising state is obtained when the water is in the time of/h; the time interval between the simulated ebb tide state and the last simulated ebb tide state is 6-8 hours.
2. The culture system using the method for accelerating sexual maturation of Tachypleus tridentatus according to claim 1, comprising a culture pond, a micro-filter, a low-level water reservoir, a water pump, a biological filter, a protein separator, an ozone sterilizer, an ultraviolet sterilizer, and a high-level water reservoir, which are connected in sequence through a pipeline; the high-level reservoir is connected with the culture pond through a pipeline;
the low-level reservoir is provided with a water quality monitoring device I, and the high-level reservoir is provided with a water quality monitoring device II and a water temperature control device;
coral sand is paved at the bottom of the culture pond.
3. The culture system of claim 2, wherein the culture pond is a cylindrical structure, the bottom of the culture pond is provided with a pipe, coral sand is paved outside the pipe, the upper part of the pipe is wrapped by a nylon net, the upper part of the culture pond is provided with a water inlet valve, and the inside of the pipe is provided with a water outlet valve.
4. The farming system of claim 3 wherein the pipe is a round pipe having a height of 60cm and a diameter of 8 cm; the particle size of the coral sand is 1-3 mm, and the laying height of the coral sand is 15 cm; the nylon net is a 1600-mesh net.
5. The farming system of claim 4 wherein the pipe is comprised of PVC, PP, PE, ABS, or stainless steel.
6. The aquaculture system of claim 2 wherein a plurality of parallel culture ponds are disposed between the elevated reservoir and the micro-filter;
the biological filter tank comprises a biological filter tank I and a biological filter tank II, and the water pump, the biological filter tank I, the biological filter tank II and the protein separator are sequentially connected;
the screen of the micro-filter is a stainless steel screen of 100-150 meshes.
7. The culture system of claim 6, wherein the biological filter tank I is connected to a pneumatic fan.
8. The aquaculture system of claim 3 wherein the water quality monitoring devices I and II comprise a temperature detector, a dissolved oxygen meter and a pH meter;
the inlet and outlet valves are equipped with flow rate monitors.
9. The aquaculture system of claim 8 wherein the water quality monitoring device I, the water quality monitoring device II, the flow rate monitor, the water inlet valve and the water outlet valve are connected to a computer.
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| CN104872067A (en) * | 2015-05-04 | 2015-09-02 | 钦州学院 | Method for increasing egg laying amount of egg-laying female tachypleus tridutatus |
| CN108925511A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2018-12-04 | 钦州学院 | Tachypleus tridentatus young Ecology cultivation apparatus |
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