CN110025691A - 一种复方鱼腥草制剂及制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种复方鱼腥草制剂及制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发公开了一种复方鱼腥草制剂及制备方法和应用。本发明以鲜鱼腥草为主,采用蒸馏法和酶法提取抗菌成分鱼腥草挥发油和鱼腥草黄酮类化合物,采用水渗漉法提取苦参、黄连、金银花等中草药中的苦参碱、小檗碱、木犀草苷等活性成分,复配成复方鱼腥草制剂,这种制剂添加到沐浴剂、洗手液等日用化学品配方中,可直接抗抑人体体表的白色念珠菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌常见致病菌,尤其是对真菌有抗抑作用,克服了以往使用合成化学品作为抗抑菌剂的弊端。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中草药提取技术领域,具体涉及一种复方鱼腥草制剂及制备方法和应用。
背景技术
鱼腥草,为三白草科蕺菜属植物Houttuynia cordata Thunb的全草,又名蕺菜,广泛分布于我国南方各省区,为重要的传统的药食两用植物。鱼腥草具有清热解毒、消肿排脓、利尿通淋及止痰化咳等功效,并对多种微生物有抑制作用;对上呼吸道感染、支气管炎、肺炎、慢性气管炎、慢性宫颈炎和百日咳等均有较好的疗效;对急性外膜炎和尿路感染等也有一定疗效。
鱼腥草含有具抗抑菌作用的两种重要生物活性和药用价值的成分,一是鱼腥草挥发油,其主要是由癸酰乙醛(鱼腥草素)、月桂醛、d-柠檬烯、甲基正壬基酮、癸醛、癸酸、α-蒎烯、莰烯、芳樟醇、乙酸龙脑酯、丁香烯等组成,其中癸酰乙醛具强烈的鱼腥味;另一种是鱼腥草黄酮类化合物,主要是槲皮素、槲皮苷、异槲皮苷、槲皮素木糖苷、金丝桃苷、芸香苷等组成。除此以外鱼腥草还含有蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物和钙、磷、铁等微量元素,以及蕺菜碱、氯化钾、硫酸钾等。
鱼腥草的药理作用目前较为明确的有:①抗菌作用。其对卡他球菌、流感杆菌、肺炎球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、白色念珠菌等有明显抑制作用。②抗病毒作用。③利尿作用。④镇痛、止血、抑制浆液分泌、促进组织再生作用。⑤抗氧化、清除自由基作用。
以天然植物用于消毒灭菌,在我国已有上千年甚至更遥远的应用历史。如古人用艾条、菖蒲驱除瘟疫,紫苏、樟脑祛秽杀虫等,当然均是简单的煎煮、熏蒸等办法,剂量大,效果有限。根据长期的实践经验和现代科学的认识水平,通常把中草药含有的成份分为有效成份和无效成份两大类。所谓无效成份是相对有效成份而言,或者是到目前还没发现它具有显著生物活性,如糖类、脂肪、蛋白质、无机盐类等。所谓有效成份即被证明具有治疗效用或生物活性的物质,如生物碱类、黄酮类、挥发油、有机酸等,有效成份的含量往往很低。
源于植物,尤其是中草药的药理作用的发现,使得其活性成份的研究工作日益受到人们的关注。鱼腥草是具有明显抗菌、抗病毒特性的“药食同源”的植物,属可再生绿色资源,分布广泛,我国中部、东南及西南部各省区,东起台湾、西至云南、西藏,北达陕西、甘肃,其中尤以四川、湖北、湖南、江苏、江西、福建等省产量大、质量好,为鱼腥草的可持续性利用提供了十分丰富的原料。
鱼腥草的传统提取技术,是用大量水简单提取,浓缩。由于其成份结构类型丰富,理化性质差异很大,有的性质相当不稳定,如鱼腥草挥发油存在易聚合、易挥发等因素,有效杀菌成分损失严重。
发明内容
本发明的第一个目的是采用蒸馏法和酶法全效提取鲜鱼腥草所含有的抗菌成分鱼腥草挥发油(癸酰乙醛为主)和鱼腥草黄酮类化合物(槲皮素为主),克服以往未全面利用鱼腥草有效成分的弊端。特别是在工艺中采用癸酰乙醛(鱼腥草挥发油主要成分)与亚硫酸氢钠加成反应生成水溶性鱼腥草素钠,该成分的抗抑菌作用不变,能够起到克服鱼腥草挥发油聚合、挥发、抗菌效果失效等缺陷。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种复方鱼腥草制剂及其制备方法。该制剂主要以鲜鱼腥草为主,采用蒸馏法和酶法提取抗菌成分鱼腥草挥发油(癸酰乙醛为主)和鱼腥草黄酮类化合物(槲皮素为主);采用水渗漉法提取苦参、黄连、金银花等中草药中的苦参碱、小檗碱、木犀草苷等活性成分,复配成复方鱼腥草制剂,具有较强的抗抑菌功能。复方鱼腥草制剂的原料组成为鲜鱼腥草60-80%,苦参、黄连、金银花混合物(苦参2-4份、黄连1-2份、金银花1-2份)20-40%。
本发明的第三个目的是提供复方鱼腥草制剂在日用化学品中的应用。此类产品与在目前市场上大量流通的普通沐浴剂或洗手液不同,可达到抗抑金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和真菌等的作用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
鱼腥草含有鱼腥草挥发油、黄酮类化合物等有效杀菌成分,能抗抑对人体有害的微生物。本发明采用蒸馏法提取鱼腥草挥发油,同时对鱼腥草挥发油进行改性,生成水溶性鱼腥草素钠,再以酶法工艺为基础,采取水提法提取黄酮类化合物达到物尽其用;根据“方剂学”原理,采用水渗漉法分离苦参、黄连、金银花的活性成分,与鱼腥草的全效提取物形成复方,辅以发泡剂、润肤剂、激活剂、增效剂等配制特种沐浴剂等日用产品,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、真菌均有抗抑作用。
一、鱼腥草有效杀菌成分的提取工艺流程
近年来,酶制剂在各个领域的应用极为广泛,在中草药提取方面的工业化应用也已进入一定阶段。一方面,大部分中草药的细胞壁是由纤维素构成的,植物的有效成分往往包裹在细胞壁内,纤维素是β-D葡萄糖以1,4-β葡糖苷键连接的,因纤维素酶可破坏β-D葡萄糖键,进而有利于有效成分的溶出;另一方面,中草药本身含有粘胶性果胶类物质,有效成分被这些物质所组成的网络结构所固定,对提取工艺也会干扰。
本工艺目的是为了全面提取鱼腥草的有效成分,即挥发油与黄酮类化合物。鲜鱼腥草经破碎后,采用蒸馏法,蒸馏出鱼腥草挥发油馏出物。该馏出物用一定浓度的亚硫酸氢钠改性,生成水溶性的鱼腥草素钠。提取挥发油后的残渣再经过酶解,采用水提法提取,所得浸出液用澄清法去除蛋白质等杂质,浓缩至一定程度。此工艺流程分别获得鱼腥草挥发油的改性物和黄酮类化合物。
工艺流程(以下所述份数均指重量份):
A、鱼腥草挥发油的提取及其鱼腥草挥发油改性物的制备
取鲜鱼腥草1份,洗去泥沙与污染物,切碎,置蒸馏罐(蒸馏罐中设置有冷凝器及挥发油回收器)中,加入3-5份去离子水。采用水中蒸馏,蒸馏温度90-100℃,当馏出物无腥臭味时,即可停止蒸馏,馏出物用5-10%浓度的亚硫酸氢钠水溶液进行加成反应,馏出物呈微透明状时,可停止滴加亚硫酸氢钠溶液,得到鱼腥草挥发油的改性物,待用;
收集该步骤提取鱼腥草挥发油后的鱼腥草残渣,用于提取黄酮类化合物。
B、鱼腥草黄酮类化合物的提取
鲜鱼腥草含有粘胶性果胶类物质,部份有效成份存在于植物细胞壁中,被纤维素、半纤维素等网络结构所固定,直接提取其有效成分的得率低。本发明工艺采用纤维素酶和果胶酶,对上述鱼腥草残渣进行酶解。酶解后,升温至75-85℃左右进行提取30-60min,滤去滤渣后,滤液加入0.1-0.5%(按鲜鱼腥草计)壳聚糖沉淀去除其中的蛋白质等杂质。澄清液浓缩至与投料的鲜鱼腥草重量相当时即可,得鱼腥草黄酮类化合物浓缩物,待用。
该步骤中,酶解条件的优选过程如下:
本发明的酶解工艺采用纤维素酶、果胶酶对鱼腥草残渣进行酶解处理,并研究酶的用量、酶解温度、时间及pH值等因素对提取得率的影响。
本提取工艺按照L16(45)正交表进行设计,以鱼腥草黄酮类化合物为指标优选酶用量、酶解温度、酶解时间、酶解pH值。各因素水平设置见表1,试验结果见表2。
表1因素水平表
表2酶解条件优选
根据上表,我们选定复合酶的用量分别为纤维素酶0.6%(以鲜鱼腥草计),果胶酶0.2%(以鲜鱼腥草计)。酶解温度为40℃,酶解时间120min,酶解pH值为6.0,采用本工艺条件参数的鱼腥草黄酮类化合物得率可达到1.8%。
二、水渗漉法提取苦参、黄连、金银花的有效成分
中草药的利用,尤其采用复方技术,即“方剂学”原理可以使效果更为凸显。本发明选用的苦参,主要成分是苦参碱、氧化苦参碱、苦参酮、槐定碱等。黄连,主要成分是小檗碱、黄连碱、甲基黄连碱、掌叶防己碱等。金银花,主要成分是木犀草苷、绿原酸等。这些活性成分的共性是具有较强的药理作用,对常见的致病菌有抑制和杀灭功能。在药品、食品、日用化学品等领域已有广泛的应用。
工艺流程:
A、将苦参、黄连、金银花干品按剂量比(苦参2-4份、黄连1-2份、金银花1-2份)集中破碎成40-60目。
B、渗漉。将粉碎后的药材平均置三个渗漉器中,往渗漉器中水使其渗过药材,静置24h,收集从渗漉器下端出口缓缓流出的药材流出液。为提高药液浓度,三个渗漉器串联应用,往Ⅰ号渗漉器中不断加水,Ⅰ号渗漉器的药材浸出液加入Ⅱ号渗漉器,Ⅱ号渗漉器的药材浸出液加入Ⅲ号渗漉器,Ⅲ号渗漉器的药材浸出液送往浓缩工序。
C、浓缩。集中药材浸出液,加热,浓缩至辅佐药材(苦参、黄连、金银花)总投料量的1/5,得到浓缩液。
D、澄清。用壳聚糖为澄清剂,将壳聚糖与去离子水配成1%溶液,溶涨24h以上,加入1%醋酸,搅匀。在搅拌下将酸化的澄清剂加入上述浓缩液中,连续搅拌30min,静置沉降。
E、24h后分离上层清液,滤渣弃去。
F、上层清液进一步浓缩至一定程度后,得到辅佐药材提取液,贮存备用。
三、复方鱼腥草制剂
方剂是在中医药理论指导下,按中医药“君、臣、佐、使”的组成结构,选择主、辅配伍的中草药。本项目以鱼腥草为主药,选择了苦参、黄连、金银花等为辅佐中草药,互相补充,针对人体肤表复杂的生理活动与受外界微生物污染的病理变化,相得益彰,清热解毒,祛风杀虫,除湿止痒,有助于灭活皮肤疮、疹、癣、痱、痒等多种皮肤疾病的微生物,有益于皮肤的健与美。复方中草药成分更为复杂,与西药或单方中草药的成份不同,它们各自可以发挥多种药效,从不同途径向病原体攻进,即使长期使用,也不会产生耐药性。表3是本发明工艺中辅佐中草药的功能与剂量。
表3本发明工艺中辅佐中草药的功能与剂量
中草药名称 | 功能 | 比例(份) |
苦参 | 清热燥湿,杀虫止痒 | 2-4 |
黄连 | 清热燥湿,广谱杀菌 | 1-2 |
金银花 | 清热燥湿,抑抗病菌病毒 | 1-2 |
本发明以鱼腥草提取物为主要成分,辅以苦参、黄连、金银花混合物的提取液组成复方鱼腥草制剂,其构成按照原料计,鱼腥草为60-80%,苦参、黄连、金银花混合物为20-40%。
四、复方鱼腥草制剂在日用品中的应用
本发明的复方鱼腥草制剂辅以发泡剂、润肤剂、激活剂、增效剂等制备成特种沐浴剂、特种洗手液等日用品。
本发明采用以上技术方案,以天然植物鱼腥草为主,以苦参、黄连、金银花为辅的天然抗抑菌提取物复方制剂,这种制剂添加到沐浴剂、洗手液等日用化学品配方中,可直接抗抑人体体表的白色念珠菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌等常见致病菌,尤其是对真菌有抗抑作用,克服了以往使用合成化学品作为抗抑菌剂的弊端。与现有技术相比,具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明针对中草药复方技术的应用,即“方剂学”原理可以使效果更为明显。本发明筛选了另外三种具抗抑菌特性的中草药:苦参、黄连、金银花,这三种中草药按一定的比例混合后采用水渗漉法提取出苦参中的苦参碱,黄连中的小檗碱,金银花中的木犀草苷等主要活性物质的混合物,与鱼腥草的两种有效杀菌成分按一定的比例组成复方,这些抗抑菌成分相辅相成,使终端产品的抗抑菌效果更为突出。
(2)在公知技术中鱼腥草提取有效杀菌成分,一般采用蒸馏法获得鱼腥草挥发油,再采用传统的水提法获得鱼腥草黄酮类化合物,通过单独或一般混合加以应用。本发明充分利用鱼腥草所含的抗抑菌成分,进行全效利用,既分离其挥发油,又提取了其黄酮类化合物。同时,针对鱼腥草挥发油易挥发易聚合失效的缺点,利用其与亚硫酸氢钠加成反应生成鱼腥草素钠且抗抑菌效果不变的特点,进行改性。另外,利用酶法提取技术,提高了黄酮类化合物的得率,由传统工艺的0.8%提高到1.8%。
(3)传统的沐浴剂一般没有抗抑菌方面的要求,而特种沐浴剂是本着符合国家标准GB/T34857-2017《沐浴剂》及国家相关管理部门有关抗菌、抑菌洗涤产品的规定,对具有抗菌、抑菌效果的沐浴剂提出相应的质量要求。本发明将复方鱼腥草制剂应用于具抗抑菌特性的日用化学品中,如特种沐浴剂(GB19877.2-2005)、特种洗手液(GB19877.1-2005)等。消毒杀菌制剂,目前在国内外都有很大发展,品种也非常之众,但大都添加化学合成物,如卤化物,过氧化物、醇、醛、酚等化合物。化学合成物普遍存在刺激性大,环保性能差,对人体、生物体腐蚀性大,微生物等容易产生耐药性等局限,尤其是对人体存在不同程度的毒副作用。而利用本发明从中草药提取活性成分,再与发泡剂、润肤剂、激活剂、增效剂等配制成日用化学品,产品温和,迎合市场的“绿色消费”,经济效益显著。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种鱼腥草中有效杀菌成分的提取方法
A、鱼腥草挥发油的提取及其鱼腥草挥发油改性物的制备
取鲜鱼腥草1份,洗净,切碎,置蒸馏罐中,加入3份去离子水,采用水中蒸馏,蒸馏温度90℃,当馏出物无腥臭味时,停止蒸馏,分别收集鱼腥草残渣和馏出物,将馏出物用浓度5%的亚硫酸氢钠水溶液进行加成反应,馏出物呈微透明状时,停止滴加亚硫酸氢钠溶液,得到鱼腥草挥发油的改性物;
B、鱼腥草黄酮类化合物的提取
采用纤维素酶和果胶酶对上述收集的鱼腥草残渣进行酶解,纤维素酶用量0.6%(以鲜鱼腥草计),果胶酶用量0.2%(以鲜鱼腥草计),酶解温度为40℃,酶解时间120min,酶解pH值为6.0%,酶解后升温至75℃提取60min,滤去滤渣后,往滤液中加入鲜鱼腥草重量0.1%的壳聚糖沉淀去除杂质,收集澄清液并将其浓缩至与投料的鲜鱼腥草重量相当,得到鱼腥草黄酮类化合物。
实施例2
一种鱼腥草中有效杀菌成分的提取方法
A、鱼腥草挥发油的提取及其鱼腥草挥发油改性物的制备
取鲜鱼腥草1份,洗净,切碎,置蒸馏罐中,加入5份去离子水,采用水中蒸馏,蒸馏温度100℃,当馏出物无腥臭味时,停止蒸馏,分别收集鱼腥草残渣和馏出物,将馏出物用浓度10%的亚硫酸氢钠水溶液进行加成反应,馏出物呈微透明状时,停止滴加亚硫酸氢钠溶液,得到鱼腥草挥发油的改性物;
B、鱼腥草黄酮类化合物的提取
采用纤维素酶和果胶酶对上述收集的鱼腥草残渣进行酶解,纤维素酶用量0.6%(以鲜鱼腥草计),果胶酶用量0.2%(以鲜鱼腥草计),酶解温度为40℃,酶解时间120min,酶解pH值为6.0%,酶解后升温至85℃提取300min,滤去滤渣后,往滤液中加入鲜鱼腥草重量0.5%的壳聚糖沉淀去除杂质,收集澄清液并将其浓缩至与投料的鲜鱼腥草重量相当,得到鱼腥草黄酮类化合物。
实施例3
一种鱼腥草中有效杀菌成分的提取方法
A、鱼腥草挥发油的提取及其鱼腥草挥发油改性物的制备
取鲜鱼腥草1份,洗净,切碎,置蒸馏罐中,加入4份去离子水,采用水中蒸馏,蒸馏温度95℃,当馏出物无腥臭味时,停止蒸馏,分别收集鱼腥草残渣和馏出物,将馏出物用浓度7.5%的亚硫酸氢钠水溶液进行加成反应,馏出物呈微透明状时,停止滴加亚硫酸氢钠溶液,得到鱼腥草挥发油的改性物;
B、鱼腥草黄酮类化合物的提取
采用纤维素酶和果胶酶对上述收集的鱼腥草残渣进行酶解,纤维素酶用量0.6%(以鲜鱼腥草计),果胶酶用量0.2%(以鲜鱼腥草计),酶解温度为40℃,酶解时间120min,酶解pH值为6.0%,酶解后升温至80℃提取30-60min,滤去滤渣后,往滤液中加入鲜鱼腥草重量0.35%的壳聚糖沉淀去除杂质,收集澄清液并将其浓缩至与投料的鲜鱼腥草重量相当,得到鱼腥草黄酮类化合物。
实施例4
一种复方鱼腥草制剂的制备方法
以鱼腥草中提取的鱼腥草挥发油的改性物、鱼腥草黄酮类化合物,以及苦参、黄连、金银花混合物的提取液组成,按原料计,鱼腥草为60%,苦参、黄连、金银花混合物(苦参2份、黄连2份、金银花1份)40%,步骤如下:
1)采用实施例1的方法提取得到鱼腥草挥发油的改性物、鱼腥草黄酮类化合物;
2)水渗漉法提取苦参、黄连、金银花混合物的有效成分
A、将苦参、黄连、金银花干品按剂量比粉碎成40目;
B、将粉碎后的药材平均置三个渗漉器中,往渗漉器中水使其渗过药材,静置24h,收集从渗漉器下端出口缓缓流出的药材浸出液。为提高药液浓度,三个渗漉器串联应用,往Ⅰ号渗漉器中不断加水,Ⅰ号渗漉器的药材浸出液加入Ⅱ号渗漉器,Ⅱ号渗漉器的药材浸出液加入Ⅲ号渗漉器,Ⅲ号渗漉器的药材浸出液送往浓缩工序;
B、C、将药材浸出液加热浓缩至苦参、黄连、金银花总投料量的1/5,得到浓缩液;
D、用壳聚糖为澄清剂,将壳聚糖与去离子水配成1%溶液,溶涨24h,加入1%醋酸,搅匀,在搅拌下将酸化的澄清剂加入上述浓缩液中,连续搅拌30min,静置沉降,24h后收集上层清液,即得苦参、黄连、金银花混合物的提取液;
3)将鱼腥草挥发油的改性物、鱼腥草黄酮类化合物以及苦参、黄连、金银花混合物的提取液混合,即为复方鱼腥草制剂。
实施例5
一种复方鱼腥草制剂的制备方法
以鱼腥草中提取的鱼腥草挥发油的改性物、鱼腥草黄酮类化合物,以及苦参、黄连、金银花混合物的提取液组成,按原料计,鱼腥草为80%,苦参、黄连、金银花混合物(苦参4份、黄连1份、金银花2份)20%,步骤如下:
1)采用实施例2的方法提取得到鱼腥草挥发油的改性物、鱼腥草黄酮类化合物;
2)水渗漉法提取苦参、黄连、金银花混合物的有效成分
A、将苦参、黄连、金银花干品按剂量比粉碎成60目;
B、将粉碎后的药材平均置三个渗漉器中,往渗漉器中水使其渗过药材,静置24h,收集从渗漉器下端出口缓缓流出的药材浸出液。为提高药液浓度,三个渗漉器串联应用,往Ⅰ号渗漉器中不断加水,Ⅰ号渗漉器的药材浸出液加入Ⅱ号渗漉器,Ⅱ号渗漉器的药材浸出液加入Ⅲ号渗漉器,Ⅲ号渗漉器的药材浸出液送往浓缩工序;
B、C、将药材浸出液加热浓缩至苦参、黄连、金银花总投料量的1/5,得到浓缩液;
D、用壳聚糖为澄清剂,将壳聚糖与去离子水配成1%溶液,溶涨24h,加入1%醋酸,搅匀,在搅拌下将酸化的澄清剂加入上述浓缩液中,连续搅拌30min以上,静置沉降,24h后收集上层清液,即得苦参、黄连、金银花混合物的提取液;
3)将鱼腥草挥发油的改性物、鱼腥草黄酮类化合物以及苦参、黄连、金银花混合物的提取液混合,即为复方鱼腥草制剂。
实施例6
一种复方鱼腥草制剂的制备方法
以鱼腥草中提取的鱼腥草挥发油的改性物、鱼腥草黄酮类化合物,以及苦参、黄连、金银花混合物的提取液组成,按原料计,鱼腥草为70%,苦参、黄连、金银花混合物(苦参3份、黄连1.5份、金银花1.5份)30%,步骤如下:
1)采用实施例3的方法提取得到鱼腥草挥发油的改性物、鱼腥草黄酮类化合物;
2)水渗漉法提取苦参、黄连、金银花混合物的有效成分
A、将苦参、黄连、金银花干品按剂量比粉碎成50目;
B、将粉碎后的药材平均置三个渗漉器中,往渗漉器中水使其渗过药材,静置24h,收集从渗漉器下端出口缓缓流出的药材浸出液。为提高药液浓度,三个渗漉器串联应用,往Ⅰ号渗漉器中不断加水,Ⅰ号渗漉器的药材浸出液加入Ⅱ号渗漉器,Ⅱ号渗漉器的药材浸出液加入Ⅲ号渗漉器,Ⅲ号渗漉器的药材浸出液送往浓缩工序;
B、C、将药材浸出液加热浓缩至苦参、黄连、金银花总投料量的1/5,得到浓缩液;
D、用壳聚糖为澄清剂,将壳聚糖与去离子水配成1%溶液,溶涨24h,加入1%醋酸,搅匀,在搅拌下将酸化的澄清剂加入上述浓缩液中,连续搅拌30min,静置沉降,24h后收集上层清液,即得苦参、黄连、金银花混合物的提取液;
3)将鱼腥草挥发油的改性物、鱼腥草黄酮类化合物以及苦参、黄连、金银花混合物的提取液混合,即为复方鱼腥草制剂。
实施例7
抗菌复方鱼腥草制剂沐浴剂(成分按重量百分比%)
工艺配方:
工艺流程:按配方计算用量的去离子水和乙二胺四乙酸二钠加入混合罐中,加热升温至75℃左右,维持杀菌30min,开动搅拌器,分别加入脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵,月桂基硫酸铵和脂肪醇甲酯磺酸钠。接着将两性表面活性剂椰子酰胺基丙基甜菜碱和非离子表面活性剂椰子基烷醇酰胺加入,搅拌混合均匀。另取柠檬酸以一定量水溶解后,加入,调节pH值至6.5,再把复方鱼腥草制剂提取液缓缓加入。胶原蛋白溶于丙二醇中与甘油、水溶性月桂氮酮加入。最后体系降温到40℃,薄荷醇与香精研溶后,加入。继续搅拌30-60min,放料,过滤,检验合格后成品包装。
实施例8
抑菌复方鱼腥草制剂沐浴剂(成分按重量百分比%)
工艺配方:
工艺流程:按配方计算用量的去离子水和乙二胺四乙酸二钠加入混合罐中,加热升温至75℃左右,维持杀菌30min,开动搅拌器,分别加入月桂酸,肉豆蔻酸和氢氧化钾,进行皂化反应。接着将两性表面活性剂椰子酰胺基丙基甜菜碱和非离子表面活性剂椰子基烷醇酰胺加入,搅拌混合均匀。另取柠檬酸以一定量水溶解后,加入,调节pH值至6.5,再把复方鱼腥草制剂提取液缓缓加入。加入聚季铵盐-7,增稠剂,防腐剂,最后体系降温到40℃,加入香精。继续搅拌30-60min,放料,过滤,检验合格后成品包装。
实施例9
抗菌复方鱼腥草制剂洗手液(成分按重量百分比%)
工艺配方:
工艺流程:
按配方计算用量的去离子水和乙二胺四乙酸二钠加入混合罐中,加热升温至75℃左右,维持杀菌30min,开动搅拌器,分别加入月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠和脂肪酸钾皂。接着将珠光剂和非离子表面活性剂椰子基烷醇酰胺加入,搅拌混合均匀。另取柠檬酸以一定量水溶解后,加入,调节体系pH值至6.5,再把复方鱼腥草制剂提取液缓缓加入,最后降温到40℃,加入香精和甘油后,调色。继续搅拌30-60min,放料,过滤,检验合格后成品包装。
实施例10
抑菌复方鱼腥草制剂洗手液(成分按重量百分比%)
工艺配方:
工艺流程:按配方计算用量的去离子水和乙二胺四乙酸二钠加入混合罐中,加热升温至75℃左右,维持杀菌30min,开动搅拌器,分别加入椰油醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠和月桂醇硫酸钠。接着将珠光剂和非离子表面活性剂椰油基烷醇酰胺加入,搅拌混合均匀。另取柠檬酸以一定量水溶解后,加入,调节体系pH值至6.5,再把复方鱼腥草制剂提取液缓缓加入,加入防腐剂,最后降温到40℃,加入香精和甘油后,调色,增稠。继续搅拌30-60min,放料,过滤,检验合格后成品包装。
实施例11
抗菌特种沐浴剂对白色念珠菌的抗菌试验(配方见实施例7)
以下实验数据是以复方鱼腥草制剂含量最低的样品试验得到的,其余配方的复方鱼腥草制剂均高于此含量,其抗菌效果也应该较强。现将检测方法和结果报告如下:
1.材料和方法
1.1试验菌株:白色念珠菌(ATCC 10231)
1.2复方鱼腥草制剂抗菌特种沐浴剂:含有鱼腥草、苦参、黄连、金银花等中草药提取的活性成分配制的特种沐浴剂(配方见实施例7)
1.3方法:
1.3.1检测依据:参照《消毒技术规范》
1.3.2检测条件:试验温度:18.5℃,培养温度:37℃,培养72h观察结果
1.4结果:复方鱼腥草抗菌特种沐浴剂试验结果
结论:该样品对白色念珠菌作用2min后,杀菌率均>90%,样品有杀菌作用。
本发明源于我国的植物资源优势,根据中草药活性成分的药理作用,利用其活性成分的抗抑菌特性进行创新,开发出功能性洗涤用品。除了日常清洁外,也可以让人们免于感染一些传染性疾病,可确保在突发事件下,特别是影响到区域性公共健康流行疾病时,可加强公共卫生防范应急系统,在预防保健方面极具价值。
Claims (10)
1.一种复方鱼腥草制剂,其特征在于:其由鱼腥草中提取的鱼腥草挥发油的改性物、鱼腥草黄酮类化合物,以及苦参、黄连、金银花混合物的提取液组成,按原料计,鱼腥草为60-80%,苦参、黄连、金银花混合物为20-40%,所述鱼腥草挥发油的改性物是由鱼腥草挥发油与亚硫酸氢钠水溶液加成反应得到。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种复方鱼腥草制剂,其特征在于:所述苦参、黄连、金银花混合物的剂量比为:苦参2-4份、黄连1-2份、金银花1-2份。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种复方鱼腥草制剂的制备方法,其特征在于:其包括以下步骤:
1)采用蒸馏法,蒸馏出鱼腥草中的鱼腥菜挥发油并与亚硫酸氢钠水溶液进行加成反应得到鱼腥菜挥发油的改性物,蒸馏后的鱼腥草残渣采用酶解提取得到鱼腥草黄酮类化合物;
2)水渗漉法提取苦参、黄连、金银花混合物的有效成分
2-A)将苦参、黄连、金银花干品粉碎;
2-B)将粉碎后的药材置于渗漉器中,往渗漉器中水使其渗过药材,静置24h以上,收集从渗漉器下端出口流出的药材浸出液;
2-C)将药材浸出液加热浓缩至苦参、黄连、金银花总投料量的1/5,得到浓缩液;
2-D)在浓缩液中加入澄清剂,连续搅拌30min以上,静置沉降,24h后收集上层清液,即得苦参、黄连、金银花混合物的提取液;
3)将鱼腥草挥发油的改性物、鱼腥草黄酮类化合物以及苦参、黄连、金银花混合物的提取液混合,即为复方鱼腥草制剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种复方鱼腥草制剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2-B)中,将三个渗漉器串联应用,将粉碎后的药材平均置三个渗漉器中,往Ⅰ号渗漉器中不断加水,Ⅰ号渗漉器的药材浸出液加入Ⅱ号渗漉器,Ⅱ号渗漉器的药材浸出液加入Ⅲ号渗漉器,收集Ⅲ号渗漉器的药材浸出液送往浓缩工序。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种复方鱼腥草制剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2-D)中所述澄清剂的配制方法为:将壳聚糖与去离子水配成1%溶液,溶涨24h以上,加入1%醋酸,搅匀,得到酸化的澄清剂。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种复方鱼腥草制剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)具体如下:
1-A)鱼腥草挥发油的提取及其鱼腥草挥发油改性物的制备
取鲜鱼腥草1份,洗净,切碎,置蒸馏罐中,加入3-5份去离子水,采用水中蒸馏,蒸馏温度90-100℃,当馏出物无腥臭味时,停止蒸馏,分别收集鱼腥草残渣和馏出物,将馏出物用亚硫酸氢钠水溶液进行加成反应,馏出物呈微透明状时,停止滴加亚硫酸氢钠溶液,得到鱼腥草挥发油的改性物;
1-B)鱼腥草黄酮类化合物的提取
采用纤维素酶和果胶酶对上述收集的鱼腥草残渣进行酶解,酶解后升温至75-85℃提取30-60min,滤去滤渣后,往滤液中加入鲜鱼腥草重量0.1-0.5%的壳聚糖沉淀去除杂质,收集澄清液并将其浓缩至与投料的鲜鱼腥草重量相当,得到鱼腥草黄酮类化合物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种复方鱼腥草制剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1-A)中,所述亚硫酸氢钠水溶液的浓度为5-10%。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种复方鱼腥草制剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1-B)中,所述纤维素酶的用量为鲜鱼腥草重量的0.6%,果胶酶用量为鲜鱼腥草重量的0.2%。
9.根据权利要求6所述的一种复方鱼腥草制剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1-B)中,所述酶解温度为40℃,酶解时间120min,酶解pH值为6.0%。
10.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法得到的复方鱼腥草制剂在洗涤用品中的应用,所述洗涤用品为沐浴剂或洗手液。
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