CN110014878B - 电机驱动的车辆 - Google Patents

电机驱动的车辆 Download PDF

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CN110014878B
CN110014878B CN201811127028.6A CN201811127028A CN110014878B CN 110014878 B CN110014878 B CN 110014878B CN 201811127028 A CN201811127028 A CN 201811127028A CN 110014878 B CN110014878 B CN 110014878B
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vehicle
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electric motor
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CN110014878A (zh
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H·延森
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Eberspecher Climate Control Systems Ltd
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    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0405—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种电机驱动的车辆，其包括具有至少一个电机(18)的驱动单元(16)、至少一个固定在车辆上的蓄能器(22)和用于影响在至少一个电机(18)和至少一个固定在车辆上的蓄能器(22)之间的能量流的操控单元(24)，此外，所述电机驱动的车辆包括用于可换蓄能器(38、40)的、具有至少一个连接区域(32、34、36)的接口(30)。

Description

电机驱动的车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电机驱动的车辆。这种类型的电机驱动的车辆例如可以是纯电机驱动的车辆，然而，备选地也可以是如下车辆，该车辆的驱动单元根据所谓的插电混合动力驱动的形式构造成至少具有一个电机和内燃机。
背景技术
在电机驱动的车辆中，存在的基本技术问题是，由于蓄能器、即车辆电池有限的储存容量，这种车辆的续航距离受到限制。虽然可供使用的充电站数量越来越多，但充电过程还是需要这种车辆的用户通常不能接受的时间。尤其是在长途行驶中必须重复为蓄能器充电，并且此时必须重复度过基本上已经被认为是过长的充电持续时间，并且在不同地区中不够充分的充电站网络密度也被视为妨碍购置电动运行车辆的重要因素。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，提出一种电机驱动的车辆，其中，能以简单的方式增大电能的储存容量并且可将该储存容量与不同的需求相匹配。
根据本发明，该目标通过一种电机驱动的车辆来实现，其包括具有至少一个电机的驱动单元、至少一个固定在车辆上的蓄能器和用于影响在所述至少一个电机和所述至少一个固定在车辆上的蓄能器之间的能量流的操控单元，此外，所述电机驱动的车辆包括具有多个连接区域的接口，所述连接区域分别用于可换蓄能器，其中，所述操控单元构造用于影响在所述至少一个电机和至少一个连接到连接区域上的可换蓄能器之间的能量流，
其特征在于，
所述操控单元构造用于，当多个可换蓄能器连接到所述接口上时，影响在所述多个可换蓄能器和所述至少一个电机之间的能量流，使得所述多个可换蓄能器按顺序放电，并且
所述操控单元构造用于，在车辆的牵引运行中影响在固定在车辆上的蓄能器以及所述多个可换蓄能器和所述至少一个电机之间的能量流，使得首先使每个连接到接口上的可换蓄能器放电，并且当每个连接到接口上的可换蓄能器不再能用于供给所述至少一个电机时，才利用固定在车辆上的蓄能器。
根据本发明，该目标通过一种电机驱动的车辆实现，其包括具有至少一个电机的驱动单元、至少一个固定在车辆上的蓄能器和用于影响在至少一个电机和至少一个固定在车辆上的蓄能器之间的能量流的操控单元，此外，所述电机驱动的车辆包括用于可换蓄能器的、具有至少一个连接区域的接口。
在根据本发明构造的电机驱动的车辆中存在的可行性方案是，除了固定地安装在车辆中的且由此原则上不可由车辆的使用者更换的蓄能器之外，附加地在车辆中设置一个或多个其它的蓄能器。由此，实现了如下可行性方案，即，当计划长途行驶或在没有足够充电站保障的区域中行驶时，除了固定地安装的、例如可具有足够用于300-500km的行驶距离的储存容量的蓄能器之外，附加地提供更多储存容量，以便以这种方式增大如此配置的车辆的续航距离，确切地说使其续航距离与需求相匹配。
为了能保证在一个或多个连接到接口上的可换蓄能器和至少一个电机之间可靠地交换电能，提出，操控单元构造成用于影响在至少一个电机和至少一个连接到连接区域上的可换蓄能器之间的能量流。
为了能保证在车辆中的储存容量匹配时高的变化性，接口可包括多个连接区域。
为了有效地利用在车辆中存在的储存空间，提出，至少一个连接区域设置在货舱中和/或后托架上和/或车顶行李箱中和/或行李舱盖上和/或挂车上。
为了稳定地定位这种附加地设置在车辆中的蓄能器，可设置配设给每个连接区域的蓄能器固定组件。为了可变地安装在车辆中，在此至少一个蓄能器固定组件设置在货舱中和/或后托架上和/或车顶行李箱中和/或行李舱盖上和/或挂车上。
为了给如此构造的车辆的用户提供及时更换可换蓄能器的可能性，提出，操控单元构造用于，提供关于每个连接到接口上的可换蓄能器的荷电状态的信息。
为了保证有效地利用在可换蓄能器中储存的能量，提出，操控单元构造用于，当多个可换蓄能器连接到接口上时，如此影响在可换蓄能器和至少一个电机之间的能量流，使得可换蓄能器按顺序放电。
本发明的原理可应用在纯电动运行的车辆中，然而有利地，当驱动单元包括内燃机时，也可有利地为增大续航距离做出贡献。
附图说明
下面参考附图1详细描述本发明，图1以原理图示出了电机驱动的车辆。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出的电机驱动的车辆10包括驱动单元16，其被配设给待驱动的车轮12、14。驱动单元16包括至少一个电机18，并且在所谓的插电式混合动力驱动装置的情况中附加地可具有内燃机20。
在固定地安装在车辆10中的蓄能器22中储存电能，其为至少一个电机18供电，以驱动车辆10。也可由蓄能器22为其它在车辆10的车载电网中存在的消耗器供电。操控单元24控制或调节在蓄能器22和至少一个电机18之间的电能交换。这涉及牵引状态，其中，至少一个电机18提供驱动扭矩以驱动车辆10并且因此由蓄能器22为其供电。在推动状态(其中至少一个电机18可作为发电机工作，以提供用于储存在蓄能器22中的电能)中，操控单元24可影响、即控制或调节在至少一个电机18和蓄能器22之间的能量流。此外，为了给蓄能器22充电，操控单元24可控制或调节在充电连接部26(外部的充电站可连接到充电连接部上)和蓄能器22之间的能量流，确切地说在充电连接部26和蓄能器22之间建立连接。
应指出的是，蓄能器22可包括多个蓄能器单元，其在结构上可相互组合，但是为了有效利用结构空间，所述蓄能器单元原则上也可安装在车辆10的不同位置处。
此外，车辆10在货舱28、例如在乘用车中的行李舱中包括具有多个连接区域32、34、36的接口30。在每个连接区域32、34、36上都可连接可换蓄能器38、40。为了该目的，在接口30、确切地说连接区域32、34、36的区域中，设置配设给每个连接区域32、34、36的、分别具有蓄能器固定组件48、50、52的蓄能器容纳区域42、44、46。能器容纳区域42、44、46以与布置其中的可换蓄能器38、40相协调的方式成形，使得蓄能器容纳区域例如通过形锁合方式规定蓄能器38、40的限定的定位，在该定位中，蓄能器38、40例如通过夹紧或卡紧由分别配设的蓄能器固定组件48、50、52保持。例如，蓄能器固定组件48、50、52可具有快速卡紧机构或螺栓，可拧紧螺栓以固定相应的可换蓄能器38、40。
操控单元24构造用于，控制或调节在连接到接口30上的可换蓄能器38、40和至少一个电机18之间的电能交换。以这种方式，可将在可换蓄能器38、40中储存的能量，附加于固定在车辆上的蓄能器22中储存的能量，用于为至少一个电机18以及可能在车辆10中的其它电能消耗器的运行提供能量。原则上，操控单元24也可构造用于，在推动运行中将通过作为发电机工作的电机18提供的电能引导到一个或多个连接到接口30上的可换蓄能器38、40处，以便必要时再次为其充电。在此，可实现不同的充电策略。即，例如操控单元24可设计用于，优先为固定在车辆上的蓄能器22充电，从而在充电运行中首先考虑，为固定在车辆上的蓄能器22充电，此后再过渡到为一个或多个可换蓄能器38、40充电。为了充分利用在不同蓄能器22、38、40中储存的能量，也可选择不同的策略。即，例如可优先使可换蓄能器38、40放电，从而在牵引运行中首先使可换蓄能器38、40放电，并且当所述蓄能器不再能用于供给至少一个电机18或其它在车辆10中的消耗器时，才利用固定在车辆上的蓄能器22中储存的电能。如果多个可换蓄能器38、40连接到接口30上，有利的是，使多个可换蓄能器按顺序放电，从而可通过已充电的可换蓄能器替换已放电的且不能再用于供给至少一个电机18的可换蓄能器，而还有电的、确切地说未完全放电的可换蓄能器暂时还可保留在车辆中。为了实现这种情况，操控单元24可构造用于，检测连接到接口30上的可换蓄能器38、40的荷电状态，并且相应于所检测的荷电状态按时间顺序使各个可换蓄能器38、40与至少一个电机18相耦连，以相应地使可换蓄能器38、40先后放电。
在根据本发明构造的车辆10中，实现了将车辆的续航距离与现有需求相匹配的可能性。如果车辆10例如在正常的标准运行中(其中假设，日常的行驶距离不超过由固定在车辆上的蓄能器22中储存的能量覆盖的续航距离)，可以放弃设置附加的可换蓄能器。如果需求超过了固定在车辆上的蓄能器22中储存的能量，可再次根据实际存在的需求，将一个或多个可换蓄能器38、40连接到接口30上。由于通常已知这些可换蓄能器38、40的储存容量，如此构造的车辆的用户可良好地获知，为了能够满足当前需求，需将多少个可换蓄能器连接到接口30上。
为了运行根据本发明构造的车辆10，例如可构造一种供给系统，其中，例如在加油站或休息站或特殊地为其设置的设施处提供已充电的可换蓄能器。与在燃料运行的车辆加油时相似地，可根据这种类型的车辆的用户的相应需求，在这种类型的站点或设施处将已放电的可换蓄能器换成已充电的可换蓄能器，并且因此直接地且在不必等待充电时间的情况下继续行驶。为此，操控单元24此外可构造用于，为如此构造的车辆的用户提供(例如显示)信息，该信息不仅反映固定在车辆上的蓄能器22的荷电状态，而且也反映每个连接到接口30上的可换蓄能器38、40的荷电状态。于是，用户了解到，可换蓄能器38、40中的哪一个已放电并且根据需要必须更换已充电的可换蓄能器。即使在行驶过程中才发现需求时，如此构造的车辆的用户也可驶向这种类型的站点或设施，以在那里接纳一个或多个可换蓄能器。原则上，这种类型的车辆的用户也可储备可换蓄能器，以便需要时在行驶开始时将一个或多个可换蓄能器安装在车辆中。
此外应指出的是，这种类型的可换蓄能器也可安装在车辆的其它区域中。尤其可行的是，可换蓄能器也安装在车辆外部的区域中，例如后托架中或车顶行李箱中。安装在行李舱或行李舱盖上或挂车中也是可行的。原则上也可行的是，可换蓄能器分布在车辆的不同容纳位置上，即，例如可换蓄能器中的一部分安装在车辆的行李舱中或货舱中，并且可换蓄能器中的另一部分安装在车辆的另一区域中，例如车顶行李箱中或者尤其在载重货车中安装在挂车中。在此不言而喻的是，在这种类型的设置在车辆上或与车辆相耦连的挂车上的区域(可换蓄能器应安装该区域中)处，设置以上解释的一方面用于提供电连接并且另一方面用于稳定的机械连接的准备措施。备选地可行的是，尤其在安装在车辆客舱或货舱外部时，通过连接缆线实现与设置在车辆内部中的连接区域的电连接。

Claims (6)

1.一种电机驱动的车辆，其包括具有至少一个电机(18)的驱动单元(16)、至少一个固定在车辆上的蓄能器(22)和用于影响在所述至少一个电机(18)和所述至少一个固定在车辆上的蓄能器(22)之间的能量流的操控单元(24)，此外，所述电机驱动的车辆包括具有多个连接区域(32、34、36)的接口(30)，所述连接区域分别用于可换蓄能器(38、40)，其中，所述操控单元(24)构造用于影响在所述至少一个电机(18)和至少一个连接到连接区域(32、34、36)上的可换蓄能器(38、40)之间的能量流，
其特征在于，
所述操控单元(24)构造用于，当多个可换蓄能器(38、40)连接到所述接口(30)上时，影响在所述多个可换蓄能器(38、40)和所述至少一个电机(18)之间的能量流，使得所述多个可换蓄能器(38、40)按顺序放电，并且
所述操控单元(24)构造用于，在车辆的牵引运行中影响在固定在车辆上的蓄能器(22)以及所述多个可换蓄能器(38、40)和所述至少一个电机(18)之间的能量流，使得首先使每个连接到接口(30)上的可换蓄能器(38、40)放电，并且当每个连接到接口(30)上的可换蓄能器(38、40)不再能用于供给所述至少一个电机(18)时，才利用固定在车辆上的蓄能器(22)。
2.如权利要求1所述的车辆，其特征在于，至少一个连接区域(32、34、36)设置在货舱(28)中和/或后托架上和/或车顶行李箱中和/或行李舱盖上和/或挂车上。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的车辆，其特征在于，设有配设给每个连接区域(32、34、36)的蓄能器固定组件(42、44、46)。
4.如权利要求3所述的车辆，其特征在于，至少一个蓄能器固定组件(42、44、46)设置在货舱(28)中和/或后托架上和/或车顶行李箱中和/或行李舱盖上和/或挂车上。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的车辆，其特征在于，所述操控单元(24)构造用于，提供关于每个连接到所述接口(30)上的可换蓄能器(38、40)的荷电状态的信息。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的车辆，其特征在于，所述驱动单元(16)包括内燃机(20)。
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