CN110012807B - Method for cultivating organic selenium-rich edible or tea water lily - Google Patents
Method for cultivating organic selenium-rich edible or tea water lily Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating organic selenium-rich edible water lily or tea water lily, and belongs to the technical field of aquatic plant cultivation. The water lily is cultivated by selecting water lily varieties, simultaneously utilizing a planting pool and a pot culture container to realize direct pool planting and pot culture submerged cultivation, optimally allocating and applying the selenium-rich bio-organic fertilizer and soil to the planting pool and the pot culture container, and further performing water level control, additional fertilization, maintenance and management to obtain the organic selenium-rich edible or tea water lily. The method realizes that the pure natural organic selenium-rich edible or tea water lily is obtained in a simple and efficient mode, improves the edible and tea values of the water lily, and solves the problems of easy selenium pollution, large cultivation workload, high cost and low working efficiency of the existing cultivation method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating organic selenium-rich edible or tea water lily.
Background
The Nymphaeaceae (Nymphaeaceae) is Nymphaeaceae (Nymphaeaceae) genusNymphaea) The plants are collectively called perennial aquatic herbaceous flowers, the water lily is a noble in the aquatic flowers, and the flowers and the leaves have ornamental value. The water lily can be eaten by leaf stalks, flower stalks and flowers, and can be used as excellent green organic vegetables because of less plant diseases and insect pests in the growth process and almost no need of applying any pesticide, and the water lily can be fried and boiled after the leaf stalks and the flower stalks are peeled off and can also be used as pickles. The flower of the sub-genus of Water lily in the Guangdong tropism has strong fragrance, and fresh flower can be directly used as tea or made into dry flower tea, especially yellow nineThe tea prepared from the nymphaea hybrid is golden, mellow in taste and is a superexcellent scented tea product. The water lily is rich in active ingredients such as polysaccharide, flavone, alkaloid and the like, and has various health-care functions of beautifying, regulating blood pressure and blood fat, enhancing immunity and the like.
Selenium is a necessary trace element for human bodies and animals, and the health of human bodies can be seriously influenced by selenium deficiency. Selenium is a multifunctional life nutrient, and can prevent keshan disease, Kashin-Beck disease, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Selenium is also a strong antioxidant, and its synergistic action with VE is known as the "gold partner" for scavenging free radicals and resisting oxidation. Selenium is known as the "fire of life" and the "king of cancer". Many diseases of human beings are caused by living environmental pollution, and selenium can effectively prevent the invasion of harmful elements and is called as a natural antidote. Selenium cannot be synthesized in a human body, so that the selenium needs to be supplemented every day to meet the requirement of the human body on selenium.
The traditional water lily cultivation method is mainly divided into three types, namely direct potting, potting and submerged cultivation and direct pond cultivation. The direct potting and the potting submerged planting mode are that a proper container is selected according to the variety size of the water lily, and a container with the inner diameter of not less than 35cm and the depth of not less than 45cm is selected for medium and large varieties. The soil is selected from garden soil, pond silt or rice soil which is rich in humus and has a good structure, and the thickness of the soil layer is not less than 30 cm. If the soil is barren, base fertilizers such as stable manure, cake manure and the like which are fully decomposed are applied to the bottom of the container or the bottom of the pool, and then the soil is added. The water level in the early stage is preferably about 10cm higher than the soil surface, and the water level is gradually increased along with the growth of the lotus leaves. And (3) regularly topdressing is needed when the water lily enters the full-bloom stage.
The existing method for obtaining selenium-rich water lily flowers is mainly characterized in that liquid selenium fertilizer is sprayed to flower buds, and the liquid selenium fertilizer needs to be sprayed again when meeting rain within a certain time (6 hours) after spraying, so that the cost and the workload are increased, the organic selenium conversion efficiency is low in the traditional method, and water containing selenium element can permeate into soil to cause soil selenium pollution; the pedicel and the leaf stalk of the water lily are edible vegetables, the traditional method can only obtain the selenium-rich water lily, but has limited promotion capability on the selenium enrichment of the pedicel and the leaf stalk, so that the nutritive value and the quality of the pedicel and the leaf stalk are not outstanding, and the plant resources can not be better utilized.
Therefore, a method for cultivating the water lily for organic selenium-rich eating or tea is urgently needed, the pure natural organic selenium-rich eating or tea water lily can be simply and efficiently obtained, and the problems of selenium pollution, high cost, low working efficiency and poor economic benefit of the existing cultivation method are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating water lily for organic selenium-rich eating or tea, so as to obtain pure natural organic selenium-rich eating or tea water lily simply, conveniently and efficiently, and solve the problems of easy selenium pollution, high cost and low working efficiency of the existing cultivation method.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that a method for cultivating organic selenium-rich edible water lily or tea water lily is provided, which comprises the following steps:
s1, variety selection and planting time: selecting large-scale water lily varieties in the subtropical or subtropical of the ancient tropical water lily in 3-4 months per year, and selecting robust seed balls or tubers with eyes;
s2, building a planting pond: deeply digging 40cm underground in an open area with good illumination condition, and laying bricks at the depth to be 30-40cm higher than the ground, and finally forming a plurality of planting ponds with the length of 10-15m, the width of 1.5-2.0m and the depth of 70-80 cm; coating three waterproof layers on the inner wall and the bottom of each planting pond, coating water-borne sand on the surfaces of the waterproof layers, and finally paving an impermeable film with the thickness of 1-1.5nm on the surface of the cement sand; the interval between two adjacent planting ponds is 1 m; selecting a cultivation mode that part of planting ponds are used for direct pond cultivation of the water lily, and part of planting ponds are used for cultivation of potted water lily in a submerged manner;
s3, preparation of a cultivation container: selecting a plurality of cultivation containers for potted plant submerging, wherein the inner diameter of each cultivation container is not less than 35cm, and the depth of each cultivation container is not less than 40 cm;
s4, selenium fertilizer application and planting: mixing and uniformly stirring 10-15kg of fully decomposed chicken manure or cake fertilizer and 5-8kg of selenium-rich bio-organic fertilizer, paving the mixture at the bottom of each planting pool for the direct pool planting of water lily in S2, and adding garden soil or rice soil with a good structure until the distance from the bottom of the planting pool is 35-40 cm; burying the seed balls or tubers of the water lily selected in the S1 into soil in a planting pond for direct pond planting of the water lily in the S2, wherein the bud points are flush with the soil surface, and the interval between two adjacent plants is 1-1.5 m;
uniformly mixing and stirring 1kg of fully decomposed chicken manure or cake fertilizer and 0.5kg of selenium-rich bio-organic fertilizer, then paving the mixture at the bottom of each pot culture container in S3, and then adding garden soil or rice soil which is rich in humus and has a good structure until the pot culture containers are full of eight parts; burying the selected water lily bulbs or tubers in S1 in soil at the central position of each cultivation container in S3, wherein the bud points are flush with the soil surface, and then putting all the cultivated cultivation containers in a planting pool for water lily potted plant submerged in S2, wherein the interval between every two adjacent cultivation containers is 1-1.5 m;
s5, water level control: the water level is kept higher than 10cm of soil in the early stage of cultivation, and the water level is gradually increased to be 60-70cm away from the bottom of the planting pond along with growth;
s6, topdressing: topdressing once every 15-20 days in the full-bloom period of the water lily; uniformly mixing the slow release fertilizer with the selenium-rich biological organic fertilizer in equal mass, and wrapping the mixture into small bags of 15-20g by newspaper; adopting potted submerged planting mode to plant water lily, inserting fertilizer bags into soil 15-20cm along the inner wall of the cultivation container, and applying three fertilizer bags to each cultivation container; applying 3-5 fertilizer bags at a position which is 30cm away from the root of the water lily horizontally by adopting a direct pond planting mode, and inserting the water lily into soil at a position of 15-20 cm;
s7, picking flower stalks, leaf stalks and flowers: after the water lily grows strongly and flowers bloom stably, picking the water lily blossoms on the first day to make scented tea; picking flower stalks and leaf stalks of mature leaves from the roots close to the water lily, and peeling the flower stalks and the leaf stalks for processing and eating;
s8, daily maintenance and management: old leaves and yellow leaves are periodically picked off to promote the germination of new leaves.
Further, the water lily of the subtropical species of the ancient tropical water lily in the S1 is Indian red water lily or hairy tooth-leaf white water lily; the water lily of the sub-genus of water lily of the broad tropical zone is water lily with the shape of Japanese Styrax or water lily with sunshine kala;
furthermore, the selenium content of the selenium-rich bio-organic fertilizer in the S4 is ≧ 200 mg/Kg.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention applies the selenium-rich bio-organic fertilizer in the soil to promote the absorption of the roots of the water lily, improves the whole organic selenium conversion efficiency of the water lily, simultaneously adds the selenium fertilizer when the water lily is topdressed in the full-bloom stage, supplements the loss of selenium element in the base fertilizer, does not need additional operation to improve the selenium-rich conversion capability of the water lily, and can reduce the workload and improve the working efficiency.
2. According to the invention, the selenium-rich bio-organic fertilizer is applied to the bottom of the soil, part of selenium element permeates into water due to the water-soluble characteristic of selenium, and the water lily pedicel and pedicel are immersed into water to absorb and convert the selenium element permeated into water, so that the water lily pedicel and pedicel can be absorbed and converted into organic selenium in vivo, the organic selenium conversion efficiency is further improved, the edible quality of the edible water lily is improved, and the economic benefit is improved.
3. The invention directly applies the selenium-rich bio-organic fertilizer and other base fertilizers under the soil, thereby avoiding the problem of spraying the liquid selenium fertilizer again in the rain within a certain time (6 h), saving the cost, reducing the workload and improving the working efficiency.
4. The invention builds the water lily planting pool with specific specification, and a layer of compact impermeable membrane such as geotextile is laid inside the water lily planting pool, so that the edible water lily can grow normally and robustly, the selenium-containing underwater infiltration pollution to the environment can be prevented, and the centralized treatment is convenient.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a method for cultivating organic selenium-rich edible water lily or tea water lily, which comprises the following steps:
s1, variety selection and planting time: selecting large-scale water lily varieties in the subtropical or subtropical of the ancient tropical water lily in 3-4 months per year, and selecting robust seed balls or tubers with eyes; specifically, the edible water lily is generally selected from large water lily varieties of the subgenus of the tropica or the subgenus of the tropica, including but not limited to india red water lily, water lily with hairy teeth, and water lily with septemte scent, in this embodiment, india red water lily is selected as a cultivation object; most of the flowers of the subgenus of the broad tropical nymphaea can be used for preparing scented tea, including but not limited to the nine-kind nymphaea of yellow flower (golden country) and the carat, and in consideration of the color and taste of the tea soup, the nine-kind nymphaea of yellow flower (golden country) is selected as a cultivation object in the embodiment. In addition, aiming at the particularity of the regions in China, the planting can be started in the Hainan province and the south China after the spring or rain season, and the planting is started in the Yangtze river basin after the Ming festival.
S2, building a planting pond: the water lily is pleased with light and heat, and an open area with good illumination condition is preferably selected, and the area meets the requirements of the technical standard for producing organic agricultural products on site selection; deeply digging 40cm underground, and laying bricks at the depth to be 30-40cm higher than the ground to finally form a plurality of planting ponds with the length of 10-15m, the width of 1.5-2.0m and the depth of 70-80cm (about 40cm of the lower digging pond is used for preventing water pressure from being overlarge and an explosion pond); coating three waterproof layers on the inner wall and the bottom of each planting pool, coating silt uniformly on the surfaces of the waterproof layers, and finally paving an impermeable film with the thickness of 1-1.5nm on the surface of the cement sand to prevent water from permeating underground; the interval between two adjacent planting ponds is 1 m; selecting a cultivation mode that part of planting ponds are used for direct pond cultivation of the water lily, and part of planting ponds are used for cultivation of potted water lily in a submerged manner;
s3, preparation of a cultivation container: selecting a plurality of cultivation containers for potted plant submerging, wherein the inner diameter of each cultivation container is not less than 35cm, and the depth of each cultivation container is not less than 40 cm;
s4, selenium fertilizer application and planting: mixing and uniformly stirring 10-15Kg of fully decomposed chicken manure or cake fertilizer and 5-8Kg of selenium-rich bio-organic fertilizer (according with the agricultural industry standard of the people' S republic of China-organic fertilizer NY525-2012, the selenium content is not less than 200 mg/Kg) at the bottom of each planting pool for direct pool planting of water lily in S2, and adding garden soil or rice soil with a good structure until the distance from the bottom of the planting pool is 35-40 cm; burying the seed balls or tubers of the Indian red water lily and the Japanese water lily (yellow flower) selected in the S1 into soil in a planting pond for direct pond planting of the water lily in the S2, wherein the bud points are flush with the soil surface, and the interval between two adjacent plants is 1-1.5 m; the specific usage amount of the selenium-rich bio-organic fertilizer can be determined according to the specific size of the planting pond;
uniformly mixing and stirring 1kg of fully decomposed chicken manure or cake fertilizer and 0.5kg of selenium-rich bio-organic fertilizer, then paving the mixture at the bottom of each pot culture container in the step (3), and then adding garden soil or rice soil which is rich in humus and has a good structure until the pot culture containers are full of eight parts; burying the seed balls or tubers of the nine-pint nymphaea hybrid (yellow flower) selected in the S1 into soil at the central position of each cultivation container in the S3, wherein the bud points are flush with the soil surface, and then putting all the cultivated cultivation containers into a planting pond for water lily potted plant submerged in S2, wherein the interval between every two adjacent cultivation containers is 1-1.5 m;
s5, water level control: the water level is kept higher than 10cm of soil in the early stage of cultivation, so that the water temperature is quickly raised, and the survival rate of the water lily can be ensured by the distance; gradually deepening the water level along with the growth to 60-70cm away from the bottom of the planting pond;
s6, topdressing: topdressing once every 15-20 days in the full-bloom period of the water lily to avoid that the water lily is slightly small in flower and thin and short in pedicel and petiole due to lack of fertilizer; uniformly mixing the slow release fertilizer with the selenium-rich biological organic fertilizer in equal mass, and wrapping the mixture into small bags of 15-20g by newspaper; adopting potted submerged planting mode to plant water lily, inserting fertilizer bags into soil 15-20cm along the inner wall of the cultivation container, and applying three fertilizer bags to each cultivation container; applying 3-5 fertilizer bags at a position which is 30cm away from the root of the water lily horizontally by adopting a direct pond planting mode, and inserting the water lily into soil at a position of 15-20 cm;
s7, picking flower stalks, leaf stalks and flowers: after the water lily grows strongly and flowers bloom stably, picking the water lily blossoms on the first day to make scented tea; picking flower stalks and leaf stalks of mature leaves from the roots close to the water lily, and peeling the flower stalks and the leaf stalks for processing and eating; the content of selenium-rich water lily (by dry weight) for food and tea is detected to meet the national standards of cooperative industry of supply and marketing of people's republic of China: the industrial requirements of selenium-rich agricultural products (GH/T1135-2017);
s8, daily maintenance and management: periodically picking off old leaves and yellow leaves to promote new leaves to germinate; the whole harvesting and later-period management processes are executed according to the requirements of the organic production technical specifications of agricultural products.
According to the cultivation method of the invention, the obtained water lily is subjected to selenium content detection, and the result is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 selenium content detection table for organic selenium-rich edible or tea water lily cultivation method
| Cultivation method | Name of variety | Plant parts | Selenium content (dry weight basis) |
| Submerged plant | Nine-pin nymphaea tetragona (yellow flower) | Flower shaped | 0.15mg/kg |
| Direct pond cultivation | Indian red water lily | Flower and leaf stalks | 0.20mg/kg |
| Direct pond cultivation | Nine-pin nymphaea tetragona (yellow flower) | Flower and leaf stalks | 0.20mg/kg |
As can be seen from Table 1, the selenium content (based on dry weight) of the obtained water lily by the cultivation method of the invention meets the standards of the supply and marketing cooperation industry of the people's republic of China: the industrial requirements of selenium-rich agricultural products (GH/T1135-2017).
Compared with the selenium-enriched water lily cultivation method adopting the liquid selenium fertilizer spraying to the flower buds in the prior art, the method not only reduces the cost and the workload, but also improves the conversion efficiency of organic selenium; the water containing the selenium element cannot permeate into the soil to cause pollution; the pedicel and the leaf stalk of the water lily are edible vegetables, only selenium-rich water lily flowers can be obtained in the prior art, the selenium-rich promotion capability on the pedicel and the leaf stalk is limited, so that the nutritive value and the quality of the pedicel and the leaf stalk are not obvious, the selenium-rich contents of the lotus flowers, the pedicel and the leaf stalk of the water lily can be considered simultaneously, and therefore plant resources are utilized better.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for cultivating organic selenium-rich edible water lily or tea water lily is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, variety selection and planting time: selecting large-scale water lily varieties in the subtropical or subtropical of the ancient tropical water lily in 3-4 months per year, and selecting robust seed balls or tubers with eyes;
s2, building a planting pond: deeply digging 40cm underground in an open area with good illumination condition, and laying bricks at the depth to be 30-40cm higher than the ground, and finally forming a plurality of planting ponds with the length of 10-15m, the width of 1.5-2.0m and the depth of 70-80 cm; coating three waterproof layers on the inner wall and the bottom of each planting pond, coating water-borne sand on the surfaces of the waterproof layers, and finally paving an impermeable film with the thickness of 1-1.5nm on the surface of the cement sand; the interval between two adjacent planting ponds is 1 m; selecting a cultivation mode that part of planting ponds are used for direct pond cultivation of the water lily, and part of planting ponds are used for cultivation of potted water lily in a submerged manner;
s3, preparation of a cultivation container: selecting a plurality of cultivation containers for potted plant submerging, wherein the inner diameter of each cultivation container is not less than 35cm, and the depth of each cultivation container is not less than 40 cm;
s4, selenium fertilizer application and planting: mixing and uniformly stirring 10-15kg of fully decomposed chicken manure or cake fertilizer and 5-8kg of selenium-rich bio-organic fertilizer, paving the mixture at the bottom of each planting pool for the direct pool planting of water lily in S2, and adding garden soil or rice soil with a good structure until the distance from the bottom of the planting pool is 35-40 cm; burying the seed balls or tubers of the water lily selected in the S1 into soil in a planting pond for direct pond planting of the water lily in the S2, wherein the bud points are flush with the soil surface, and the interval between two adjacent plants is 1-1.5 m;
uniformly mixing and stirring 1kg of fully decomposed chicken manure or cake fertilizer and 0.5kg of selenium-rich bio-organic fertilizer, then paving the mixture at the bottom of each cultivation container in S3, and then adding garden soil or rice soil which is rich in humus and has a good structure until the cultivation containers are full of eighty percent; burying the selected water lily bulbs or tubers in S1 in soil at the central position of each cultivation container in S3, wherein the bud points are flush with the soil surface, and then putting all the cultivated cultivation containers in a planting pool for water lily potted plant submerged in S2, wherein the interval between every two adjacent cultivation containers is 1-1.5 m;
s5, water level control: the water level is kept higher than 10cm of soil in the early stage of cultivation, and the water level is gradually increased to be 60-70cm away from the bottom of the planting pond along with growth;
s6, topdressing: topdressing once every 15-20 days in the full-bloom period of the water lily; uniformly mixing the slow release fertilizer and the selenium-rich biological organic fertilizer in equal mass, and wrapping the mixture into fertilizer small bags of 15-20g by newspaper; adopting potted submerged planting mode to plant water lily, inserting fertilizer bags into soil 15-20cm along the inner wall of the cultivation container, and applying three fertilizer bags to each cultivation container; applying 3-5 fertilizer bags at a position which is 30cm away from the root of the water lily horizontally by adopting a direct pond planting mode, and inserting the water lily into soil at a position of 15-20 cm;
s7, picking flower stalks, leaf stalks and flowers: after the water lily grows strongly and flowers bloom stably, picking the water lily blossoms on the first day to make scented tea; picking flower stalks and leaf stalks of mature leaves from the roots close to the water lily, and peeling the flower stalks and the leaf stalks for processing and eating;
s8, daily maintenance and management: periodically picking off old leaves and yellow leaves to promote new leaves to germinate;
the selenium content of the selenium-enriched bio-organic fertilizer in the S4 is not less than 200 mg/Kg.
2. The method for cultivating organic selenium-rich water lily for food or tea as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water lily of the subtropical species of the ancient tropical water lily in S1 is Indian red water lily or Gentiana pubescens; the water lily of the sub-genus of water lily of the broad tropical zone is water lily with the shape of Japanese Styrax or water lily with the shape of Kala sunshine.
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