CN110003974A - 一种混凝土脱模剂的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种混凝土脱模剂的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110003974A
CN110003974A CN201910361248.3A CN201910361248A CN110003974A CN 110003974 A CN110003974 A CN 110003974A CN 201910361248 A CN201910361248 A CN 201910361248A CN 110003974 A CN110003974 A CN 110003974A
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陈蓉蓉
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Abstract

本发明属于混凝土技术领域,具体涉及一种混凝土脱模剂的制备方法。本发明通过以桐油作为基础原料,首先通过利用混合溶剂与其进行混合,在催化剂的作用下,首先进行酯化反应,形成部分含有苯环衍生物的脂混合物,再将其与乙醇在强酸作用下进行烷基化反应,可以有效提高憎水性能,随后再与混合单体等进行混合,通过利用引发剂、催化剂等作用,进行聚合,在聚合物过程中,实现对改性桐油的接枝,并且利用交联剂进行交联,从而制备得到混凝土脱模剂的制备方法,有效解决了目前脱模剂的脱模效果较差,且容易与模具发生粘附,不易剥离的问题。

Description

一种混凝土脱模剂的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于混凝土技术领域,具体涉及一种混凝土脱模剂的制备方法。
背景技术
混凝土脱模剂是指在混凝土浇注前涂抹在施工用模板上的一种物质,以使浇注后模板不致粘在混凝土表面上、不易拆模,或影响混凝土表面的光洁度。其主要作用为在模板与混凝土表面形成一层膜将两者隔离开故又称隔离剂。
在混凝土工程施工中,混凝土构件表面经常出现蜂窝麻面、缺角、露筋等质量缺陷,其抗氧化、风化程度低。为解决这些问题,施工单位对混凝土表面进行二次处理,但又容易掉皮脱落,未能根本上提高混凝土的质量。随着混凝土新技术、新工艺的发展,对混凝土表面的装饰效果要求越来越高。蜂窝麻面、缺角、露筋等问题不仅影响混凝土的表观效果,严重时还会影响混凝土的内在质量及耐久性。脱模剂的使用,可以减少甚至避免混凝土构件表面的上述诸多问题,提高构件表面的质量等级。高质量的混凝土脱模剂甚至可以达到镜面效果,即所谓的镜面混凝土,也在一定程度上提高了混凝土的强度。混凝土构件精美的外表,不仅能体现出施工单位的管理水平和操作人员的整体素质,而且透射出整个工程内在质量的可靠性以及艺术的美感。
脱模剂作为一种必不可少的混凝土外加剂,它的使用可明显减小混凝土与模板之间的吸附力,减少或防止混凝土与模板表面粘着,使其与模板顺利剥离,混凝土构件棱角整齐无损且表面色泽均一、光滑平整,保证预制件的质量。脱模后模板清理容易,提高劳动生产率等,因此在混凝土技术和建筑材料的发展和应用中发挥着十分重要的作用。
现有技术中,脱模剂种类主要有以下几种:(1)纯油类:包括各种植物油、动物油和矿物油,虽然这些油均可配置脱模剂,但大多数采用矿物油,即石油工业生产的各种润滑油、机械油等。为降低成本,不少单位使用工业废油,不过废油中杂质较多,更容易污染混凝土表面;(2)乳化油类:乳化油类大多数用石油润滑油、乳化剂、稳定剂配置而成,有时还加入防锈添加剂、防腐剂、香精等。用乳化油类作为脱模剂可以提高脱模效果,降低成本。这类脱模剂可分为油包水(W/O)型和水包油(O/W)型。一般用于钢模、铝模,也可用于塑料模、木模上。涂刷后容易干燥,干燥后形成薄膜,既省工,又省料,大大降低脱模剂成本,然而,有时会因原料-废机油的颜色较深,而影响混凝土外观色泽;(3)石蜡类:石蜡具有很好的脱模性能,将其加热熔化后,掺入适当的溶剂搅拌均匀即可。石蜡可用于钢、木模板、铝模板等,不过石蜡含量高时往往在混凝土表面留下石蜡残留物,有碍于混凝土表面二次加工,因而其应用范围受到一定限制;(4)油漆类:如醇酸清漆脱模剂。这类脱模剂价格较高,但可以反复使用多次。清理脱模剂则有一定困难,必须使用专用的溶剂才可,而且费时费工;(5)树脂类:利用甲基硅树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂和溶剂制成的脱模剂,脱模效果好,可重复使用多次,但由于价格昂贵、有一定毒性,清理难等缺点,在国内使用面不大。
目前常用的混凝土脱模剂容易与模具发生粘附,不易剥离。因此积极研发可以改善混凝土表面质量和憎水性能的新型混凝土脱模剂十分必要。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题:针对目前脱模剂的脱模效果较差,且容易与模具发生粘附,不易剥离的问题,本发明提高了一种混凝土脱模剂的制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下所述的技术方案是:
一种混凝土脱模剂的制备方法,该制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将桐油、混合溶剂及添加剂按质量比7~9:14~16:2~6放入反应釜中,预热,加入桐油质量10~15%的催化剂,升温升压,搅拌反应,冷却,静置,出料,蒸馏去除混合溶剂,收集剩余物;
(2)将剩余物、乙醇及硫酸按质量比7:3~5:1进行混合,加热回流,冷却,调节pH至7.5~8.0,搅拌,过滤,收集滤液,按重量份数计,取80~100份丙酮、40~50份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、30~35份滤液、23~26份混合单体、10~13份添加剂、2~5份扩链剂、2~5份引发剂、1~4份交联剂、1~2份催化剂A、;
(3)首先将丙酮、滤液及混合单体放入反应釜中,使用氮气保护,在40~45℃预热,再加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、引发剂、交联剂,升温至80~85℃,搅拌,再加入催化剂、扩链剂,搅拌反应;
(4)在搅拌反应结束后,加入添加剂,继续升温至90~95℃,搅拌,冷却至50~55℃,保温,调节pH,出料,冷冻干燥,洗涤,干燥,收集干燥物,即得混凝土脱模剂。
所述步骤(1)中混合溶剂为甲苯、苯酚按体积比7:4~8混合而成。
所述步骤(1)中添加剂为脂肪酸、肉豆蔻酸按质量比3:2~4混合而成。
所述步骤(1)中催化剂为氯化铝、氯化锌按质量比1:1~3混合而成。
所述混合单体为甲苯二异氰酸酯、聚乙二醇按质量比9:1~3混合而成。
所述添加剂的制备方法为:将微晶纤维素、硬脂酸钙皂、水、乙醇胺及丙二醇脂肪酸酯按质量比8~12:2:3:2~4:3进行球磨,过滤,收集滤渣,干燥,即得添加剂。
所述催化剂A为氢氧化锂、二月桂酸二丁基锡按质量比3:1~3混合而成。
所述扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇、甲基二乙醇胺中的任意一种。
所述引发剂为过氧化苯甲酰、过硫酸钾中的任意一种。
所述交联剂为交联剂为三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇按质量比3:2~4混合而成。
本发明与其他方法相比,有益技术效果是:
(1)本发明通过以桐油作为基础原料,首先通过利用混合溶剂与其进行混合,在催化剂的作用下,首先进行酯化反应,形成部分含有苯环衍生物的脂混合物,再将其与乙醇在强酸作用下进行烷基化反应,可以有效提高憎水性能,随后再与混合单体等进行混合,通过利用引发剂、催化剂等作用,进行聚合,在聚合物过程中,实现对改性桐油的接枝, 并且利用交联剂进行交联,通过改性接枝实现了脱模剂较好的分散性能,具有一定的自乳化性,从而制备得到混凝土脱模剂的制备方法;
(2)本发明在使用过程中,可以通过改性桐油的作用进行快速铺展润滑,利用聚合物的作用形成有效的隔膜,并且使用改性桐油的作用,提高了表面憎水效果,增强脱模性能,其次利用加入的添加剂的作用,可以增强对混凝土表面微孔的堵塞,表面对脱模层的破坏,增强脱模效果,并且利用聚合物与改性油的交联增强了成膜性能,提高了对混凝土基材表面的润滑及隔离效果,避免了与模具发生粘附,不易剥离。
具体实施方式
混合溶剂为甲苯、苯酚按体积比7:4~8混合而成。
添加剂为脂肪酸、肉豆蔻酸按质量比3:2~4混合而成。
催化剂为氯化铝、氯化锌按质量比1:1~3混合而成。
混合单体为甲苯二异氰酸酯、聚乙二醇按质量比9:1~3混合而成。
添加剂的制备方法为:将微晶纤维素、硬脂酸钙皂、水、乙醇胺及丙二醇脂肪酸酯按质量比8~12:2:3:2~4:3以500r/min进行球磨,过滤,收集滤渣,在50℃干燥1h,即得添加剂。
催化剂A为氢氧化锂、二月桂酸二丁基锡按质量比3:1~3混合而成。
扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇、甲基二乙醇胺中的任意一种。
引发剂为过氧化苯甲酰、过硫酸钾中的任意一种。
交联剂为交联剂为三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇按质量比3:2~4混合而成。
一种混凝土脱模剂的制备方法,该制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将桐油、混合溶剂及添加剂按质量比7~9:14~16:2~6放入反应釜中,在50℃预热40min,加入桐油质量10~15%的催化剂,升温至90~95℃,升压至1.2~1.3MPa,搅拌反应6~8h,冷却至室温,静置1h,出料,蒸馏去除混合溶剂,收集剩余物;
(2)将剩余物、乙醇及1.3mol/L硫酸按质量比7:3~5:1进行混合,加热回流3h,冷却至室温,调节pH至7.5~8.0,搅拌2h,过滤,收集滤液,按重量份数计,取80~100份丙酮、40~50份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、30~35份滤液、23~26份混合单体、10~13份添加剂、2~5份扩链剂、2~5份引发剂、1~4份交联剂、1~2份催化剂A、;
(3)首先将丙酮、滤液及混合单体放入反应釜中,使用氮气保护,在40~45℃预热30min,再加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、引发剂、交联剂,升温至80~85℃,搅拌3h,再加入催化剂、扩链剂,搅拌反应6h;
(4)在搅拌反应结束后,加入添加剂,继续升温至90~95℃,搅拌1h,冷却至50~55℃,保温2h,加入三乙胺进行中和,调节pH至中性,出料,冷冻干燥,使用乙醇洗涤,干燥,收集干燥物,即得混凝土脱模剂。
混合溶剂为甲苯、苯酚按体积比7:4混合而成。
添加剂为脂肪酸、肉豆蔻酸按质量比3:2混合而成。
催化剂为氯化铝、氯化锌按质量比1:1混合而成。
混合单体为甲苯二异氰酸酯、聚乙二醇按质量比9:1混合而成。
添加剂的制备方法为:将微晶纤维素、硬脂酸钙皂、水、乙醇胺及丙二醇脂肪酸酯按质量比8:2:3:2:3以500r/min进行球磨,过滤,收集滤渣,在50℃干燥1h,即得添加剂。
催化剂A为氢氧化锂、二月桂酸二丁基锡按质量比3:1混合而成。
扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇。
引发剂为过氧化苯甲酰。
交联剂为交联剂为三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇按质量比3:2混合而成。
一种混凝土脱模剂的制备方法,该制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将桐油、混合溶剂及添加剂按质量比7:14:2放入反应釜中,在50℃预热40min,加入桐油质量10%的催化剂,升温至90℃,升压至1.2MPa,搅拌反应6h,冷却至室温,静置1h,出料,蒸馏去除混合溶剂,收集剩余物;
(2)将剩余物、乙醇及1.3mol/L硫酸按质量比7:3:1进行混合,加热回流3h,冷却至室温,调节pH至7.5,搅拌2h,过滤,收集滤液,按重量份数计,取80份丙酮、40份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、30份滤液、23份混合单体、10份添加剂、2份扩链剂、2份引发剂、1份交联剂、1份催化剂A、;
(3)首先将丙酮、滤液及混合单体放入反应釜中,使用氮气保护,在40℃预热30min,再加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、引发剂、交联剂,升温至80℃,搅拌3h,再加入催化剂、扩链剂,搅拌反应6h;
(4)在搅拌反应结束后,加入添加剂,继续升温至90℃,搅拌1h,冷却至50℃,保温2h,加入三乙胺进行中和,调节pH至中性,出料,冷冻干燥,使用乙醇洗涤,干燥,收集干燥物,即得混凝土脱模剂。
混合溶剂为甲苯、苯酚按体积比7:6混合而成。
添加剂为脂肪酸、肉豆蔻酸按质量比3:3混合而成。
催化剂为氯化铝、氯化锌按质量比1:2混合而成。
混合单体为甲苯二异氰酸酯、聚乙二醇按质量比9:2混合而成。
添加剂的制备方法为:将微晶纤维素、硬脂酸钙皂、水、乙醇胺及丙二醇脂肪酸酯按质量比10:2:3:3:3以500r/min进行球磨,过滤,收集滤渣,在50℃干燥1h,即得添加剂。
催化剂A为氢氧化锂、二月桂酸二丁基锡按质量比3:2混合而成。
扩链剂为甲基二乙醇胺。
引发剂为过硫酸钾。
交联剂为交联剂为三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇按质量比3:3混合而成。
一种混凝土脱模剂的制备方法,该制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将桐油、混合溶剂及添加剂按质量比8:15:4放入反应釜中,在50℃预热40min,加入桐油质量12%的催化剂,升温至92℃,升压至1.25MPa,搅拌反应7h,冷却至室温,静置1h,出料,蒸馏去除混合溶剂,收集剩余物;
(2)将剩余物、乙醇及1.3mol/L硫酸按质量比7:4:1进行混合,加热回流3h,冷却至室温,调节pH至7.8,搅拌2h,过滤,收集滤液,按重量份数计,取90份丙酮、45份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、32份滤液、25份混合单体、12份添加剂、4份扩链剂、3份引发剂、3份交联剂、1.5份催化剂A、;
(3)首先将丙酮、滤液及混合单体放入反应釜中,使用氮气保护,在42℃预热30min,再加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、引发剂、交联剂,升温至83℃,搅拌3h,再加入催化剂、扩链剂,搅拌反应6h;
(4)在搅拌反应结束后,加入添加剂,继续升温至93℃,搅拌1h,冷却至53℃,保温2h,加入三乙胺进行中和,调节pH至中性,出料,冷冻干燥,使用乙醇洗涤,干燥,收集干燥物,即得混凝土脱模剂。
混合溶剂为甲苯、苯酚按体积比7:8混合而成。
添加剂为脂肪酸、肉豆蔻酸按质量比3:4混合而成。
催化剂为氯化铝、氯化锌按质量比1:3混合而成。
混合单体为甲苯二异氰酸酯、聚乙二醇按质量比9:3混合而成。
添加剂的制备方法为:将微晶纤维素、硬脂酸钙皂、水、乙醇胺及丙二醇脂肪酸酯按质量比12:2:3:4:3以500r/min进行球磨,过滤,收集滤渣,在50℃干燥1h,即得添加剂。
催化剂A为氢氧化锂、二月桂酸二丁基锡按质量比3:3混合而成。
扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇。
引发剂为过硫酸钾。
交联剂为交联剂为三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇按质量比3:4混合而成。
一种混凝土脱模剂的制备方法,该制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将桐油、混合溶剂及添加剂按质量比9:16:6放入反应釜中,在50℃预热40min,加入桐油质量15%的催化剂,升温至95℃,升压至1.3MPa,搅拌反应8h,冷却至室温,静置1h,出料,蒸馏去除混合溶剂,收集剩余物;
(2)将剩余物、乙醇及1.3mol/L硫酸按质量比7:5:1进行混合,加热回流3h,冷却至室温,调节pH至8.0,搅拌2h,过滤,收集滤液,按重量份数计,取100份丙酮、50份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、35份滤液、26份混合单体、13份添加剂、5份扩链剂、5份引发剂、4份交联剂、2份催化剂A、;
(3)首先将丙酮、滤液及混合单体放入反应釜中,使用氮气保护,在45℃预热30min,再加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、引发剂、交联剂,升温至85℃,搅拌3h,再加入催化剂、扩链剂,搅拌反应6h;
(4)在搅拌反应结束后,加入添加剂,继续升温至95℃,搅拌1h,冷却至55℃,保温2h,加入三乙胺进行中和,调节pH至中性,出料,冷冻干燥,使用乙醇洗涤,干燥,收集干燥物,即得混凝土脱模剂。
对比例1:与实施例1的制备方法基本相同,唯有不同的是缺少添加剂。
对比例2:与实施例1的制备方法基本相同,唯有不同的是缺少滤液。
对比例3:淮安市某公司生产的混凝土脱模剂。
将实施例与对比例所得混凝土脱模剂按照JC/T949-2005、GB/T175-2007进行测试,测试结果如表1所示:
表1:
综合上述,本发明所得的混凝土脱模剂能顺利脱模,棱角完整无损,表面光滑,脱模效率高,且可加强混凝土的强度。相比于市售产品效果更好,值得大力推广。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳方式,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种混凝土脱模剂的制备方法,其特征在于,该制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将桐油、混合溶剂及添加剂按质量比7~9:14~16:2~6放入反应釜中,预热,加入桐油质量10~15%的催化剂,升温升压,搅拌反应,冷却,静置,出料,蒸馏去除混合溶剂,收集剩余物;
(2)将剩余物、乙醇及硫酸按质量比7:3~5:1进行混合,加热回流,冷却,调节pH至7.5~8.0,搅拌,过滤,收集滤液,按重量份数计,取80~100份丙酮、40~50份N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、30~35份滤液、23~26份混合单体、10~13份添加剂、2~5份扩链剂、2~5份引发剂、1~4份交联剂、1~2份催化剂A、;
(3)首先将丙酮、滤液及混合单体放入反应釜中,使用氮气保护,在40~45℃预热,再加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、 引发剂、交联剂,升温至80~85℃,搅拌,再加入催化剂、扩链剂,搅拌反应;
(4)在搅拌反应结束后,加入添加剂,继续升温至90~95℃,搅拌,冷却至50~55℃,保温,调节pH,出料,冷冻干燥,洗涤,干燥,收集干燥物,即得混凝土脱模剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述混凝土脱模剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中混合溶剂为甲苯、苯酚按体积比7:4~8混合而成。
3.根据权利要求1所述混凝土脱模剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中添加剂为脂肪酸、肉豆蔻酸按质量比3:2~4混合而成。
4.根据权利要求1所述混凝土脱模剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中催化剂为氯化铝、氯化锌按质量比1:1~3混合而成。
5.根据权利要求1所述混凝土脱模剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述混合单体为甲苯二异氰酸酯、聚乙二醇按质量比9:1~3混合而成。
6.根据权利要求1所述混凝土脱模剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述添加剂的制备方法为:将微晶纤维素、硬脂酸钙皂、水、乙醇胺及丙二醇脂肪酸酯按质量比8~12:2:3:2~4:3进行球磨,过滤,收集滤渣,干燥,即得添加剂。
7.根据权利要求1所述混凝土脱模剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂A为氢氧化锂、二月桂酸二丁基锡按质量比3:1~3混合而成。
8.根据权利要求1所述混凝土脱模剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇、甲基二乙醇胺中的任意一种。
9.根据权利要求1所述混凝土脱模剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述引发剂为过氧化苯甲酰、过硫酸钾中的任意一种。
10.根据权利要求1所述混凝土脱模剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述交联剂为交联剂为三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇按质量比3:2~4混合而成。
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