CN110002857A - 一种制备复合材料陶瓷预制体的方法 - Google Patents

一种制备复合材料陶瓷预制体的方法 Download PDF

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CN110002857A
CN110002857A CN201910394713.3A CN201910394713A CN110002857A CN 110002857 A CN110002857 A CN 110002857A CN 201910394713 A CN201910394713 A CN 201910394713A CN 110002857 A CN110002857 A CN 110002857A
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蒋业华
向晓龙
周谟金
李祖来
卢德宏
隋育栋
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

一种制备复合材料陶瓷预制体的方法，属于复合材料技术领域。本发明将陶瓷颗粒与粘结剂或与活化物质相混合后填充到自制模具中，然后将模具放入微波炉，按工艺参数进行微波加热、固化后脱模，得到所需要的陶瓷预制体。本发明具有工艺流程简单、效率高、生产成本低、对环境无污染的特点，本发明方法制备得到陶瓷预制体形状可以任意设计，脱模速度快，不影响预制体的性能或者其强度，提高了实际生产中预制体生产效率问题，同时也解决了传统模具脱模难的问题。

Description

一种制备复合材料陶瓷预制体的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制备复合材料陶瓷预制体的方法，属于陶瓷复合材料技术领域。
背景技术
制备陶瓷预制体的主要目的是通过将陶瓷预制体与金属基体复合获得陶瓷颗粒增强金属基复合材料。
发明专利CN104692803A公布了一种耐磨复合材料预制体的制备方法，其主要利用将陶瓷颗粒与粘结剂放入到模具中，通过真空烧结，获得所需要的预制体。其主要缺点在于通过真空烧结，起成本高，所需要设备条件高，其模具设计要求高，需要抗压耐高温条件下使用，因此其成本设计及材料选择要求必然高；发明专利CN104496480A公布了一种碳化硅陶瓷预制体、铝基碳化硅陶瓷材料及其制备方法，其主要是将制备陶瓷预制体的原料制备成料浆，对料浆进行真空处理，接着注塑成型、脱模干燥获得所需陶瓷素坯，最后经过高温烧结获得陶瓷预制体。其主要缺点在于预制体需要高温烧结及需要将原料制备成料浆，其工艺限制了其工艺的使用范围，降低了其使用范围；专利CN203379927U公开了一种陶瓷金属复合锤头，其主要是通过将陶瓷粉末烧结成预制体，然后在其表面镀层金属层，最好与金属基体复合获得所需要的锤头，其缺点是制作成本过大。
陶瓷预制体的制备方法需要考虑其成本及工艺的简单化问题，采用挤压或者烧结的制备工艺，不能够降低其生产成本及生产效率，从而限制了其制备方法及复合材料应用发展。
发明内容
为解决上述现有技术存在的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种制备复合材料陶瓷预制体的方法。
为达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案为：一种制备复合材料陶瓷预制体的方法，具体步骤如下：
步骤(1)：将陶瓷颗粒与粘结剂及活化物质相混合后填充到模具中，活化物质主要为B4C、Al2O3及TiO2等其中一种或者多种混合陶瓷粉体；
步骤(2)：将模具放入微波炉中，按微波功率300-800W，加热时间6-8min的工艺参数加热，进行预制体固化；
步骤(3)：微波加热固化后进行脱模，得到所需要的陶瓷预制体。
优选的，所述步骤(1)中陶瓷颗粒为：氧化锆增韧氧化铝陶瓷颗粒或WC陶瓷颗粒或SiC陶瓷颗粒或SiC陶瓷颗粒。
优选的，所述步骤(1)中添加的粘结剂与模具加热250℃范围内不会粘结在一起，粘结剂包括自制5～15％纤维素水溶液粘结剂、硅溶胶、水玻璃的一种或者多种。
优选的，所述步骤(1)中模具是指利用3D打印技术，打印出母模，然后在母模中填充塑料液体后固化，获得预制体模具。
相对于现有技术，本发明的有益效果为：
本发明方法具有工艺流程简单、效率高、生产成本低、对环境无污染的特点。本发明方法制备得到陶瓷预制体形状可以任意设计，脱模速度快，不影响预制体的性能或者其强度，提高了实际生产中预制体生产效率问题，同时也解决了传统模具脱模难的问题。
(1)预制体在制备过程中，需要根据不同铸件结构，设计出不同的预制体形状，结合3D打印技术制备出不同结构的陶瓷预制体，预制体制备的成本明显降低；
(2)采用硅胶模具制备陶瓷预制体，能够放入箱式炉或者微波炉中进行预制体固化，大大地提高预制体的固化效率；
(3)采用硅胶模具制备陶瓷预制体，由于硅胶模具良好的弹性和塑性，预制体固化后脱模容易，能够保证预制体的结构完整性，提高了预制体的生产效率；
(4)硅胶模具通过3D打印技术制备出母模后，可以批量生产模具，降低生产过程中模具设计及制造成本。
附图说明
图1为陶瓷预制体3D打印母模实物图；
图2为3D打印预制体制备模具实物图；
图3为硅胶模具实物图；
图4为预制体实物图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明，但本发明的保护范围并不限于所述内容。
实施例1：如图1～4所示，一种制备复合材料陶瓷预制体的方法，具体步骤如下：(1)将氧化锆增韧氧化铝陶瓷颗粒与陶瓷粉体TiO2及硅溶胶粘结剂相混合后填充到硅胶模具中；
(2)将硅胶模具放入微波炉中，微波功率为800W，加热时间为8min，进行预制体固化；
(3)微波加热固化后进行脱模，得到所需要的陶瓷预制体(图4)。
其中，硅胶模具的制备方法为利用3D打印技术，用3D打印机按照设计的模具尺寸，打印出母模(图2)，再将硅溶胶填充到母模中进行脱模，获得所需要的硅胶模具(图3)。
本实施例的陶瓷预制体的实物图如图4所示，其模具制备成本较木模降低了85％，其预制体生产效率较木模提高80％，其预制体强度较木模提高。
实施例2：一种制备复合材料陶瓷预制体的方法，具体步骤如下：
(1)将WC陶瓷颗粒与陶瓷粉体Al2O3及5％～15％的纤维素粘结剂相混合后填充到PVC模具中；
(2)将PVC模具放入微波炉中，微波功率为500W，加热时间为6min，进行预制体固化；
(3)微波加热固化后进行脱模，得到所需要的陶瓷预制体。
其中，PVC模具的制备方法为利用3D打印技术，用3D打印机按照设计的模具尺寸，打印出母模，再将PVC填充到母模中进行脱模，获得所需要的PVC模具。
本实施例的陶瓷预制体制备工艺，其模具制备成本较木模降低了85～90％，其预制体生产效率较木模提高62～71％，其预制体强度较木模提高。
实施例3：一种制备复合材料陶瓷预制体的方法，具体步骤如下：
(1)将SiC陶瓷颗粒与陶瓷粉体B4C及水玻璃粘结剂相混合后填充到PE模具中；
(2)将PE模具放入微波炉中，微波功率为300W，加热时间为8min，进行预制体固化；
(3)微波加热固化后进行脱模，得到所需要的陶瓷预制体。
其中，PE模具的制备方法为利用3D打印技术，用3D打印机按照设计的模具尺寸，打印出母模，再将PE填充到母模中进行脱模，获得所需要的PE模具。
本实施例的陶瓷预制体的制备工艺，其模具制备成本较木模降低了92％，其预制体生产效率较木模提高70％，其预制体强度较木模提高。
实施例4：一种制备复合材料陶瓷预制体的方法，具体步骤如下：
(1)将SiC陶瓷颗粒与陶瓷粉体B4C及水玻璃粘结剂相混合后填充到PP模具中；
(2)将PP模具放入微波炉中，微波功率为500W，加热时间为8min，进行预制体固化；
(3)微波加热固化后进行脱模，得到所需要的陶瓷预制体。
其中，PP模具的制备方法为利用3D打印技术，用3D打印机按照设计的模具尺寸，打印出母模，再将PP填充到母模中进行脱模，获得所需要的PP模具。
本实施例的陶瓷预制体的制备工艺，其模具制备成本较木模降低了83％，其预制体生产效率较木模提高76％，其预制体强度较木模提高。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何不经过创造性劳动想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所限定的保护范围为准。

Claims (5)

1.一种制备复合材料陶瓷预制体的方法，其特征在于：具体步骤如下：
步骤(1)：将陶瓷颗粒与粘结剂及活化物质相混合后填充到模具中，活化物质主要为B4C、Al2O3及TiO2等其中一种或者多种混合陶瓷粉体；
步骤(2)：将模具放入微波炉中，按微波功率300-800W，加热时间6-8min的工艺参数加热，进行预制体固化；
步骤(3)：微波加热固化后进行脱模，得到所需要的陶瓷预制体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种制备复合材料陶瓷预制体的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)中陶瓷颗粒为：氧化锆增韧氧化铝陶瓷颗粒或WC陶瓷颗粒或SiC陶瓷颗粒。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种制备复合材料陶瓷预制体的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)中添加的粘结剂与模具加热250℃范围内不会粘结在一起，粘结剂包括自制5～15％纤维素水溶液粘结剂、硅溶胶、水玻璃的一种或者多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种制备复合材料陶瓷预制体的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)中模具是指利用3D打印技术，打印出母模，然后在母模中填充塑料液体后固化，获得预制体模具。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种制备复合材料陶瓷预制体的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)中模具的材料为：模具材料为PVC、硅溶胶、PP、PE。
CN201910394713.3A 2019-05-13 2019-05-13 一种制备复合材料陶瓷预制体的方法 Pending CN110002857A (zh)

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