CN109988495A - 纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂及制备与应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于涂料固化剂领域,公开了一种纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂及制备与应用。氮气保护下,将多异氰酸酯和纳米金属氧化物加入到反应器中,超声分散后升温至50~90℃,加入催化剂反应3~6h,之后加入磺酸并滴加中和剂,升温至80~120℃反应4~8h,反应完成后加入阻聚剂终止反应,即得纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂。本发明通过改性加快了双组分水性聚氨酯涂膜固化速率的同时提高硬度和耐介质性能,相比于普通双组份水性聚氨酯涂料,改性固化剂制备的双组分水性聚氨酯涂料适用期长、涂膜硬度高、干燥速度快、耐介质性能更佳以及有抗菌、抗老化功能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于涂料固化剂领域,具体涉及一种纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂及制备与应用。
背景技术
随着环保法规的日趋严格,高性能、无污染、交联型的水性涂料得以快速发展,其中双组分水性聚氨酯涂料因其优异的涂膜性能、低VOC含量的特点而逐渐成为当今研究热点。双组份水性聚氨酯涂料由水性羟基树脂和水性多异氰酸酯固化剂组成,其中水性多异氰酸酯固化剂的性能至关重要。其亲水性、贮存稳定性及与水性羟基的相容性等决定双组份水性聚氨酯涂料的性能与应用。传统水性多异氰酸酯固化剂虽然具有较低的粘度,较高的NCO含量,但其不具备亲水性,无法被水性羟基树脂乳化和分散,导致使用后其涂膜外观差、耐介质不佳、光泽度低、硬度低等涂膜缺陷。
目前,水性多异氰酸酯固化剂主要可分为非离子型和阴离子型水性多异氰酸酯固化剂。非离子型水性多异氰酸酯固化剂通常由含烷氧基等非离子亲水基团的改性剂改性而成,大多为亲水聚醚改性。日本专利JP044649、美国专利US5200489、中国专利CN101381443等采用不同类型的聚醚作为亲水改性剂成功制备了水性多异氰酸酯固化剂,其水分散性好。但是在改性过程中引入了大量的聚醚,得到的固化剂体系粘度大,NCO含量低,过多的引入亲水聚醚软段还导致了涂膜干燥速度慢、耐水性差、硬度低的缺陷。阴离子型水性多异氰酸酯固化剂通常由含磺酸根、羧酸根、磷酸根等离子亲水基团的改性剂改性而成。其中磺酸基的亲水性最强,改性效果最好。采用阴离子亲水基团改性多异氰酸酯固化剂,由于阴离子亲水基的强亲水性,改性剂的使用量更低,得到的水性多异氰酸酯固化剂NCO含量更高、水分散性更好,粘度更低,在与羟基树脂配漆时有更好的施工性能。美国专利US676795、中国专利CN105254842A等采用不同的类型的磺酸盐改性制备多异氰酸酯固化剂,改性得到的多异氰酸酯固化剂水分散性好、粘度低、有较长的活化时间、涂膜具有更好的耐介质性。目前,纳米材料在水性涂料中的应用受到了广大研究者和企业的关注,但对于纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂的研究较少,由于纳米材料的特殊性质,其将为制备环境友好型的高性能双组份水性聚氨酯涂料提供新的研究思路。目前市场现有的水性多异氰酸酯固化剂总体都有NCO含量低、粘度高、分散性差的缺点。其与羟基树脂的相容性不好,涂膜外观差、耐介质不佳、光泽度低、硬度低。制备水分散性好、高硬度、耐介质佳、与羟基树脂匹配好,及涂膜性能优异的水性多异氰酸酯固化剂仍需进一步探索。
发明内容
针对以上现有技术存在的缺点和不足之处,本发明的首要目的在于提供一种纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂的制备方法。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种通过上述方法制备得到的纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂。
本发明的再一目的在于提供上述纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂在双组份水性涂料中的应用。
本发明目的通过以下技术方案实现:
一种纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂的制备方法,包括如下制备步骤:
氮气保护下,将多异氰酸酯和纳米金属氧化物加入到反应器中,超声分散后升温至50~90℃,加入催化剂反应3~6h,之后加入磺酸并滴加中和剂,升温至80~120℃反应4~8h,反应完成后加入阻聚剂终止反应,即得纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂。
进一步地,所述多异氰酸酯为己二异氰酸酯三聚体、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯三聚体、甲苯二异氰酸酯三聚体和TDI-HDI混合三聚体中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述纳米金属氧化物为平均粒径小于50nm的氧化镍、氧化镉、氧化银、二氧化钛中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡、马来酸二丁基锡、二乙酸二丁基锡中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述磺酸为3,3-亚氨基双-1-丙磺酸、3-[(2-磺乙基)氨基]-1-丙烷磺酸、1,2-丙二醇-3-磺酸中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述中和剂为三乙胺、N,N-二甲基环己胺、N,N-二甲基丁胺、N,N-二甲基-2-乙基己胺中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述阻聚剂为对甲苯磺酸甲酯、对苯二酚、硫酸二甲酯中的至少一种。
进一步地,各原料组分的加入量按质量份数计如下:多异氰酸酯70~95份,纳米金属氧化物1~5份,催化剂0.1~0.5份,磺酸盐1~5份,中和剂1.0~2.5份,阻聚剂0.1~0.5份。
进一步地,所述超声分散时间为20~60min。
一种纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂,通过上述方法制备得到。
进一步地,所述纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂的固含量为100%,粘度为500~10000mPa·s,异氰酸酯基含量为12%~20%,外观澄清透明。
上述纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂在双组份水性涂料中的应用。
进一步地,所述应用步骤为:将纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂与水性羟基树脂按照-NCO/-OH摩尔比为(1.0~1.6):1进行复配。
本发明的固化剂具有粘度低、水分散性好以及优异的物理性能和化学性能。通过改性加快了双组分水性聚氨酯涂膜固化速率的同时提高硬度和耐介质性能,相比于普通双组份水性聚氨酯涂料,改性固化剂制备的双组分水性聚氨酯涂料适用期长、涂膜硬度高、干燥速度快、耐介质性能更佳以及有抗菌、抗老化功能。
本发明的制备方法及所得到的产物具有如下优点及有益效果:
(1)本发明采用阴离子型的磺酸盐作为亲水单体,加入纳米材料进行复合改性,制备的水性多异氰酸酯固化剂具有分散性好、粘度低、与羟基树脂匹配性优良的优点;另外,制备的水性多异氰酸酯固化剂保留了纳米材料具有的特殊性质,其与羟基树脂复配后得到的涂膜,具有抗菌、抗老化功能及优异的疏水性能。
(2)本发明制备的水性多异氰酸酯固化剂具有低VOC、无毒、不易燃的特点,与羟基树脂复配后得到的涂膜,在光照下产生光催化氧化效应抑制光生电子-空穴对的复合,从而提高涂膜的光催化氧化活性,起到杀菌、降解有机污染物的作用,属于环境友好型涂料固化剂;纳米材料与亲水基团复合改性提升了固化剂的储存稳定性,储存期可达半年以上。
(3)本发明采用纳米材料改性的多异氰酸酯,得到的水性多异氰酸酯固化剂与丙烯酸树脂、醇酸树脂、聚酯树脂等羟基树脂具有良好的相容性,可复配使用,即可应用于建筑内外墙、桥梁、工业品、家具涂料,也可以用于水性皮革涂饰剂、水性粘合剂、水性油墨及水性金属涂料。
(4)采用本发明纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯,克服了双组份水性涂料涂膜干燥速度慢的弊病,纳米材料的引入极大提升了双组分涂膜的干燥速度。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
下面实施例中,纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂和ZK-WPU涂料的性能采用以下方法检测:根据GB/T12009.3-89使用NDJ-1型旋转粘度计测定粘度,采用盐酸-二正丁胺滴定法测定NCO含量,根据GB/T1728-1989测定涂膜表干时间,根据GB/T6739-2006测定涂膜硬度,根据工ISO 2409-2007中文版测定涂膜附着力,根据GB/T1732-93测定涂膜抗冲击性,根据GB/T9754-2007采用60°角WGG6O-E4型光泽度计测定涂膜光泽,根据GB/T5209-1985采用室温浸泡法测定涂膜耐水性,根据GB-1763-79测定涂膜耐醇性,根据GB/T6753.3-1986测定储存稳定性,根据GB/T7123.1-2002等测定涂料其他性能。
实施例1
(1)制备纳米材料改性多异氰酸酯固化剂,各原料组分及用量如下表1:
表1
制备工艺:在氮气保护下,向反应釜中加入88份己二异氰酸酯三聚体、4.5份纳米氧化镍,超声分散20~60min,升温至50℃,加入0.3份马来酸二丁基锡反应6h,加入4.7份3,3-亚氨基双-1-丙磺酸、滴加2份的三乙胺,升温至80℃,反应4h至体系NCO含量达理论值时,加入0.5份阻聚剂对甲苯磺酸甲酯终止反应,即得纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂。
(2)纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂的性能:粘度(25℃)为3100mPa.s,NCO含量为18.5%,固含量为100%的无色透明粘稠液体。
(3)2K-WPU涂料的配制:将制备的纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂与水性羟基树脂(羟值1.1%),按-NCO/-OH摩尔比为1.4:1配制2K-WPU涂料。具体操作步骤如下:称取计量的水性羟基树脂放于分散桶中,加入0.2wt%的消泡剂(德国迪高TEGO-810水性消泡剂)、0.2wt%的流平剂(德国迪高TEGO-450流平剂)、0.6wt%的增稠剂(DOW公司的增稠剂RM-8W)、2wt%的成膜助剂(二丙二醇甲醚/二丙二醇丁醚=1:1),于700r/min下分散20min,然后将纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂慢慢加入其中,搅拌3min,必要时加适量自来水,搅拌均匀,用240目滤布过滤,即得双组分水性涂料。
(4)2K-WPU涂料的性能如下表2所示:
表2 2K-WPU涂料的性能
表2结果说明实施例1制备的改性固化剂具有较快的固化速率、优异的耐介质性能和机械性能。采用本发明纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯,通过纳米材料表面羟基与多异氰酸酯的NCO基反应,将纳米材料引入多异氰酸酯链上,提高了纳米材料的分散稳定性,从而提高了双组分涂膜的硬度、光泽以及耐介质性能,应用纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂制备的双组分水性涂料,具有硬度高、光泽高、耐介质性好、热稳定性好、干燥速度快的特点;表2说明应用本实施例制备的改性水性固化剂的双组份水性涂料涂膜的干燥速率和性能全面优于德国拜耳公司的产品Bayhydur305的性能。
实施例2
(1)制备制备纳米材料改性多异氰酸酯固化剂,各原料及用量如下表3:
表3
制备工艺:在氮气保护下,向反应釜中加入44份己二异氰酸酯三聚体、45份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯三聚体、4.5份纳米氧化镉,超声分散60min,升温至90℃,加入0.3份二月桂酸二丁基锡反应3h,加入3.7份3-[(2-磺乙基)氨基]-1-丙烷磺酸、滴加2份的N,N-二甲基环己胺,升温至115℃,反应8h至体系NCO含量达理论值时,加入0.5份阻聚剂对苯二酚终止反应,即得纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂。
(2)纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂的性能:粘度(25℃)为4000mPa.s,NCO含量为13.8%,固含量为100%的无色透明粘稠液体。
(3)2K-WPU涂料的配制:将制备的纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂与水性羟基树脂(羟值2.1%),按NCO/OH摩尔比为1.1:1配制2K-WPU涂料。具体操作步骤如下:称取计量的水性羟基树脂放于分散桶中,加入0.2wt%的消泡剂(德国迪高TEGO-810水性消泡剂)、0.2wt%的流平剂(德国迪高TEGO-450流平剂)、0.6wt%的增稠剂(DOW公司的增稠剂RM-8W)、2wt%的成膜助剂(二丙二醇甲醚/二丙二醇丁醚=1:1),于700r/min下分散20min,然后将纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂慢慢加入其中,搅拌3min,必要时加适量自来水,搅拌均匀,用240目滤布过滤,即得双组分水性涂料。
(4)2K-WPU涂料的性能如下表4所示:
表4 2K-WPU涂料的性能
实施例3
(1)纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂的制备,各原料及用量如下表5:
表5
制备工艺:在氮气保护下,向反应釜中加入30份甲苯二异氰酸酯三聚体、59份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯三聚体、4.5份纳米氧化银,超声分散30min,升温至80℃,加入0.3份辛酸亚锡反应5h,加入3.7份1,2-丙二醇-3-磺酸、滴加2份的N,N-二甲基丁胺,升温至100℃,反应5h至体系NCO含量达理论值时,加入0.5份阻聚剂硫酸二甲酯终止反应,即得纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂。
(2)纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂的性能:粘度(25℃)为2800mPa.s,NCO含量为14.6%,固含量为100%的无色透明粘稠液体。
(3)2K-WPU涂料的配制:将制备的纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂与水性羟基树脂(羟值2.1.1%),按NCO/OH摩尔比为1.1:1配制2K-WPU涂料。具体操作步骤如下:称取计量的水性羟基树脂放于分散桶中,加入0.2wt%的消泡剂(德国迪高TEGO-810水性消泡剂)、0.2wt%的流平剂(德国迪高TEGO-450流平剂)、0.6wt%的增稠剂(DOW公司的增稠剂RM-8W)、2wt%的成膜助剂(二丙二醇甲醚/二丙二醇丁醚=1:1),于700r/min下分散20min,然后将纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂慢慢加入其中,搅拌3min,必要时加适量自来水,搅拌均匀,用240目滤布过滤,即得双组分水性涂料。
(4)2K-WPU涂料的性能如下表6所示:
表6 2K-WPU涂料的性能
实施例4
(1)纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂的制备,各原料及用量如下表7:
表7
制备工艺:在氮气保护下,向反应釜中加入40份甲苯二异氰酸酯三聚体、50份TDI-HDI混合三聚体、4.5份纳米氧化银,超声分散40min,升温至70℃,加入0.3份二乙酸二丁基锡反应4h,加入3.7份1,4-丁二醇-2-磺酸、滴加1份的N,N-二甲基-2-乙基己胺,升温至80℃,反应6h至体系NCO含量达理论值时,加入0.5份阻聚剂硫酸二甲酯终止反应,即得纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂。
(2)纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂的性能:粘度(25℃)为4300mPa.s,NCO含量为15.2%,固含量为100%的无色透明粘稠液体。
(3)2K-WPU涂料的配制:将制备的纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂与水性羟基树脂(羟值1.1%),按NCO/OH摩尔比为1.2:1配制2K-WPU涂料。具体操作步骤如下:称取计量的水性羟基树脂放于分散桶中,加入0.2wt%的消泡剂(德国迪高TEGO-810水性消泡剂)、0.2wt%的流平剂(德国迪高TEGO-450流平剂)、0.6wt%的增稠剂(DOW公司的增稠剂RM-8W)、2wt%的成膜助剂(二丙二醇甲醚/二丙二醇丁醚=1:1),于700r/min下分散20min,然后将纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂慢慢加入其中,搅拌3min,必要时加适量自来水,搅拌均匀,用240目滤布过滤,即得双组分水性涂料。
(4)2K-WPU涂料的性能如下表8所示:
表8 2K-WPU涂料的性能
上述实施例说明,本发明的纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂由于纳米材料改性剂的引入,固化剂储存稳定性优良、分散性好,应用于双组分水性涂料中,涂膜的固化速率、硬度、耐介质性能明显提高,双组分水性涂料适用期长,涂膜光泽好。本发明的改性多异氰酸酯性能优良、施工工艺简单,而且低VOC、无毒、不易燃且具有一定的杀菌能力。可广泛用于汽车、木器、工业品、皮革和建筑等领域。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其它的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下制备步骤:
氮气保护下,将多异氰酸酯和纳米金属氧化物加入到反应器中,超声分散后升温至50~90℃,加入催化剂反应3~6h,之后加入磺酸并滴加中和剂,升温至80~120℃反应4~8h,反应完成后加入阻聚剂终止反应,即得纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述多异氰酸酯为己二异氰酸酯三聚体、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯三聚体、甲苯二异氰酸酯三聚体和TDI-HDI混合三聚体中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述纳米金属氧化物为平均粒径小于50nm的氧化镍、氧化镉、氧化银、二氧化钛中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡、马来酸二丁基锡、二乙酸二丁基锡中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述磺酸为3,3-亚氨基双-1-丙磺酸、3-[(2-磺乙基)氨基]-1-丙烷磺酸、1,2-丙二醇-3-磺酸中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述中和剂为三乙胺、N,N-二甲基环己胺、N,N-二甲基丁胺、N,N-二甲基-2-乙基己胺中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述阻聚剂为对甲苯磺酸甲酯、对苯二酚、硫酸二甲酯中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂的制备方法,其特征在于各原料组分的加入量按质量份数计如下:多异氰酸酯70~95份,纳米金属氧化物1~5份,催化剂0.1~0.5份,磺酸盐1~5份,中和剂1.0~2.5份,阻聚剂0.1~0.5份。
9.一种纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂,通过权利要求1~8任一项所述的方法制备得到;所述纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂的固含量为100%,粘度为500~10000mPa·s,异氰酸酯基含量为12%~20%,外观澄清透明。
10.权利要求9所述的纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂在双组份水性涂料中的应用,其特征在于所述应用步骤为:将纳米材料改性水性多异氰酸酯固化剂与水性羟基树脂按照-NCO/-OH摩尔比为(1.0~1.6):1进行复配。
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CN116063657A (zh) * | 2022-11-18 | 2023-05-05 | 广州秀珀化工涂料有限公司 | 刚性结构聚合物改性水性多异氰酸酯及其制备方法 |
CN116063657B (zh) * | 2022-11-18 | 2024-08-23 | 广州秀珀化工涂料有限公司 | 刚性结构聚合物改性水性多异氰酸酯及其制备方法 |
CN116445062A (zh) * | 2023-02-03 | 2023-07-18 | 青岛爱尔家佳新材料股份有限公司 | 一种高弹耐候水性聚脲面漆及其制备方法 |
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