CN109985611B - 一种催化剂及其制备方法、一种n-烷基咪唑类化合物的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种催化剂及其制备方法、一种n-烷基咪唑类化合物的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109985611B CN109985611B CN201910349571.9A CN201910349571A CN109985611B CN 109985611 B CN109985611 B CN 109985611B CN 201910349571 A CN201910349571 A CN 201910349571A CN 109985611 B CN109985611 B CN 109985611B
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- catalyst
- active ingredient
- alkyl
- acid
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- YAIQCYZCSGLAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si+4].[O-2].[Al+3] Chemical group [Si+4].[O-2].[Al+3] YAIQCYZCSGLAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 43
- -1 imidazole compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 18
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- NNQIBXKOCAMOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl hypofluorite Chemical compound FOC1=CC=CC=C1 NNQIBXKOCAMOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- VLAPMBHFAWRUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-L molybdic acid Chemical compound O[Mo](O)(=O)=O VLAPMBHFAWRUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 66
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 41
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 6
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium nitrate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O OERNJTNJEZOPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012847 fine chemical Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KPQZUUQMTUIKBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-2-propanol Chemical compound CC(O)CN1C(C)=NC=C1[N+]([O-])=O KPQZUUQMTUIKBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYOIGGSUICKDNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydropyrrolizin-1-one Chemical compound C1CCC2C(=O)CCN21 WYOIGGSUICKDNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UANAUSCAUXQBJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hexadecyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=NC=CN1 UANAUSCAUXQBJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGDQQLAVJWUYSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-thiazole-5-sulfonyl chloride Chemical compound S1C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)=C(C)N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 NGDQQLAVJWUYSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXPQVUQBEBHHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[1]benzothiolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine Chemical compound C1CCCC2=C1SC1=C2C(N)=NC=N1 QXPQVUQBEBHHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- FAMRKDQNMBBFBR-BQYQJAHWSA-N diethyl azodicarboxylate Substances CCOC(=O)\N=N\C(=O)OCC FAMRKDQNMBBFBR-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002532 enzyme inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- FAMRKDQNMBBFBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl n-ethoxycarbonyliminocarbamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)N=NC(=O)OCC FAMRKDQNMBBFBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- PDPJQWYGJJBYLF-UHFFFAOYSA-J hafnium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Hf](Cl)(Cl)Cl PDPJQWYGJJBYLF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002346 iodo group Chemical group I* 0.000 description 1
- FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950010610 lutetium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AEDROEGYZIARPU-UHFFFAOYSA-K lutetium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Lu](Cl)Cl AEDROEGYZIARPU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007069 methylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VAOCPAMSLUNLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N metronidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=C([N+]([O-])=O)N1CCO VAOCPAMSLUNLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000282 metronidazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CFYGEIAZMVFFDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Nd+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O CFYGEIAZMVFFDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDPWMGUFXYRDRG-UHFFFAOYSA-I niobium(5+) pentaacetate Chemical compound [Nb+5].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O LDPWMGUFXYRDRG-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003444 phase transfer catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- VVWRJUBEIPHGQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl n-propan-2-yloxycarbonyliminocarbamate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)N=NC(=O)OC(C)C VVWRJUBEIPHGQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YZDZYSPAJSPJQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Sm+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YZDZYSPAJSPJQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFCYEXJMCFQPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Sc+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O DFCYEXJMCFQPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004076 secnidazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- OEIMLTQPLAGXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-I tantalum(v) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Ta](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl OEIMLTQPLAGXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- GFISHBQNVWAVFU-UHFFFAOYSA-K terbium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Tb](Cl)Cl GFISHBQNVWAVFU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000273 veterinary drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及有机合成技术领域,提供了一种催化剂及其制备方法,以及一种N‑烷基咪唑类化合物的制备方法。本发明提供的催化剂包括活性成分和酸处理过的载体;所述载体为硅铝氧化物和/或二氧化硅;所述活性成分包括金属氧化物,所述金属氧化物中的金属元素包括锆、铌、铪、钽、钙、镁、铜、镍、铁、钴、锌和稀土元素中的一种或多种。本发明提供的催化剂能够用于催化制备N‑烷基咪唑类化合物,使制备N‑烷基咪唑类化合物的方法简单、反应条件温和、而且反应产物的收率和选择性较高,实施例结果表明,反应产物的收率为55%~93%,选择性为90%以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机合成领域,尤其涉及一种催化剂及其制备方法、一种N-烷基咪唑类化合物的制备方法。
背景技术
N-烷基咪唑系列化合物是一类非常重要的精细化学品,在离子液体、药物、抗菌剂、酶抑制剂和其它精细化学品中有广泛应用。例如,它是咪唑基离子液体最重要的起始原料,通过它可以合成得到多种多样的离子液体,同时它也是合成医药原料药甲硝唑、塞克硝唑和兽药迪美唑的基础结构,由于N-烷基咪唑在五元杂环上的一个氮原子拥有孤电子对,具有一定的碱性和亲核性质,因此它也可作为有机配体和催化剂应用于有机合成之中,而中长碳链的N-烷基咪唑具有很好的表面性能,是两性表面活性剂最常采用的阳离子官能团之一,它还可以作为环氧树脂的固化剂被广泛应用。
虽然N-烷基咪唑拥有如此独特的物化性质和广阔的应用场景,但是现有文献所报道的N-烷基咪唑制备方法存在着反应条件苛刻、产物不纯、催化剂无法回收使用等不足。专利CN 102180873A公开了一种十六烷基咪唑的制备方法:以氢化钠为缚酸剂,以四丁基碘化铵为相转移催化剂,此方法所使用的氢化钠价格高昂且不利于安全生产。SooY.Ko在Tetrahedron Letters 46(2005)631–633中报道了一系列N-烷基咪唑化合物的合成方法:以偶氮二甲酸二乙酯或二异丙酯为催化剂,均相条件下合成,但催化剂价格昂贵且催化剂不易分离和重复使用,不利于规模化生产。
上述N-烷基咪唑制备方法存在着反应条件苛刻、产物不纯、催化剂无法回收使用等不足。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种催化剂及其制备方法,以及一种N-烷基咪唑类化合物的制备方法。将本发明提供的催化剂用于制备N-烷基咪唑类化合物中,不仅反应条件温和,产物选择性较高,而且催化剂容易回收重复使用。
本发明提供了一种催化剂,包括活性成分和酸处理过的载体;所述载体为硅铝氧化物和/或二氧化硅;所述活性成分包括金属氧化物,所述金属氧化物中的金属元素包括锆、铌、铪、钽、钙、镁、铜、镍、铁、钴、锌和稀土元素中的一种或多种。
优选的,所述催化剂中活性成分的质量分数为0.1~25%。
优选的,所述载体的比表面积大于50m2/g;所述硅铝氧化物中铝含量为0~20%,不包括0。
本发明还提供了上述技术方案所述催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将载体浸没于酸溶液中,然后依次进行烘干和焙烧处理,得到酸处理过的载体;
(2)将所述步骤(1)得到的酸处理过的载体浸没于活性成分盐溶液中,然后依次进行烘干和焙烧处理,得到催化剂。
优选的,所述步骤(1)中酸溶液包括盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸、醋酸和钼酸中的一种或多种;所述酸溶液的浓度为1~5mol/L。
优选的,所述步骤(2)中活性成分盐溶液包括活性成分盐酸盐溶液、活性成分硝酸盐溶液、活性成分硫酸盐溶液、活性成分磷酸盐溶液和活性成分醋酸盐溶液中的一种或多种;所述活性成分盐溶液的浓度为0.1~3mol/L。
优选的,所述步骤(1)和步骤(2)中烘干处理的温度独立地为80~120℃,烘干处理的时间独立地为3~6h;焙烧处理的温度独立地为300~800℃,焙烧处理的时间独立地为3~6h。
本发明还提供了一种N-烷基咪唑类化合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将咪唑类化合物和烷基化试剂在催化剂作用下进行烷基化反应,得到N-烷基咪唑类化合物;所述烷基化反应的温度为100~400℃;所述催化剂为上述技术方案所述催化剂或者为上述技术方案所述方法制备得到的催化剂。
优选的,所述咪唑类化合物和烷基化试剂的摩尔比为1:1~10。
优选的,所述咪唑类化合物具有式I-1~I-3任一项所示结构:
式I-1中R1、R2和R3各自独立地选自碳数为1~18的烷基、氢、甲氧基、苯基、苯氧基、苄基、乙烯基、三氟甲基、2-咪唑基、氟、氯、溴或碘;
所述烷基化试剂包括醛、酮或醇;
所述醛具有式II-1~II-3任一项所示结构:
所述式II-1中R1选自碳数为1~18的烷基或氢;所述II-2~II-3中R1、R2选自碳数为1~18的烷基、氢、甲氧基、苯基、苯氧基、氟、氯、溴或碘;所述式II-3中n为1~4的整数;
所述酮具有式III-1~III-3任一项所示结构:
所述式III-1中R1和R2各自独立地选自碳数为1~18的烷基或取代烷基;所述式III-2~III-3中R1、R2和R3各自独立地选自碳数为1~18的烷基、氢、甲氧基、苯基、苯氧基、氟、氯、溴或碘;
所述醇具有式IV-1~IV-12任一项所示结构:
所述式IV-1中R1和R2各自独立地选自碳数为1~18的烷基或氢;所述式IV-6~式IV-12中R1选自碳数为1~18的烷基、氢、甲氧基、苯基、苯氧基、氟、氯、溴或碘;所述IV-7~IV-9中R2选自碳数为1~18的烷基、氢、甲氧基、苯基、苯氧基、氟、氯、溴或碘;所述式IV-2中m为1~6的整数;所述式IV-3中n为2~8的整数;所述IV-6、IV-7和IV-9中n独立地为0~4的整数。
本发明提供了一种催化剂,包括活性成分和酸处理过的载体;所述载体为硅铝氧化物和/或二氧化硅;所述活性成分包括金属氧化物,所述金属氧化物中的金属元素包括锆、铌、铪、钽、钙、镁、铜、镍、铁、钴、锌和稀土元素中的一种或多种。在本发明中,所述活性成分负载在酸处理过的载体孔道内部和表面。本发明经过酸处理后的载体会在表面及孔道中形成大量酸性位点,与金属活性组分协同作用可以大大提高活化烷基化试剂的反应性能,从而使咪唑类化合物发生烷基化反应,且选择性较高。本发明提供的催化剂用于催化制备N-烷基咪唑类化合物,制备方法简单、反应条件温和、而且反应产物的收率和选择性较高,实施例结果表明,反应产物的收率为55%~93%,选择性为90%以上。
本发明还提供了一种N-烷基咪唑类化合物的制备方法,本发明以上述技术方案所述催化剂为N-烷基咪唑类化合物制备过程中的催化剂,使制备方法简单、反应条件温和、而且反应产物的收率和选择性较高,实施例结果表明,反应产物的收率为55%~93%,选择性为90%以上。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备得到的催化剂的透射电镜图,标尺为20nm;
图2为实施例1制备得到的催化剂的透射电镜图,标尺为50nm;
图3为实施例1制备得到的催化剂的透射电镜图,标尺为100nm;
图4为实施例1制备得到的催化剂的透射电镜图,标尺为200nm。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种催化剂,包括活性成分和酸处理过的载体;所述载体为硅铝氧化物和/或二氧化硅;所述活性成分包括金属氧化物,所述金属氧化物中的金属元素包括锆、铌、铪、钽、钙、镁、铜、镍、铁、钴、锌和稀土元素中的一种或多种。
本发明提供的催化剂为烷基化反应催化剂,在本发明中,所述催化剂包括活性成分,所述活性成分包括锆、铌、铪、钽、钙、镁、铜、镍、铁、钴、锌和稀土元素的一种或多种。在本发明中,所述稀土元素优选包括镧、铈、镨、钕、钐、铽、镝、镥、钪和钇中的一种或多种;所述活性成分优选包括锆、铌、铪、钽、钙、镁、铜、镍、铁、钴、锌、镧、铈、镨、钕、钐、铽、镝、镥、钪和钇中的一种或多种。在本发明中,所述催化剂中活性成分的质量分数优选为0.1~25%,进一步优选为1~18%,更优选为2~15%,最优选为5~10%。
在本发明中,所述催化剂还包括酸处理过的载体;所述载体为硅铝氧化物和/或二氧化硅;所述载体的比表面积优选大于50m2/g,进一步优选为200~1000m2/g,更优选为400~600m2/g;所述载体的粒径优选为1~5mm,进一步优选为2~4mm;所述载体的孔径优选为进一步优选为1~200nm。在本发明中,所述硅铝氧化物中铝含量优选为0~20%,不包括0,进一步优选为1~18%,更优选为5~15%。在本发明中,所述硅铝氧化物和二氧化硅采用市售商品即可。
本发明还提供了上述技术方案所述催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将载体浸没于酸溶液中,然后依次进行烘干和焙烧处理,得到酸处理过的载体;
(2)将所述步骤(1)得到的酸处理过的载体浸没于活性成分盐溶液中,然后依次进行烘干和焙烧处理,得到催化剂。
本发明将载体浸没于酸溶液中,然后依次进行烘干和焙烧处理,得到酸处理过的载体。
在本发明中,所述酸溶液包括盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸、醋酸和钼酸中的一种或多种;所述酸溶液的浓度优选为1~5mol/L,进一步优选为2~4mol/L。在本发明中,所述载体的质量和酸溶液的体积比优选为1g:0.6~1.3mL,进一步优选为1g:1mL。在本发明中,所述载体在酸溶液中浸没的时间优选为3~8h,进一步优选为4~6h。在本发明中,所述载体能够完全吸收酸溶液,浸没完成后,已经没有酸溶液了。
所述载体在酸溶液中浸没完成后,本发明将浸没酸后的载体依次进行烘干和焙烧处理。在本发明中,所述烘干的温度优选为80~120℃,进一步优选为100℃,烘干的时间优选为3~6h,进一步优选为4~5h。在本发明中,所述焙烧处理的温度优选为300~800℃,进一步优选为400~700℃,时间优选为3~6h,进一步优选为4~5h。在本发明中,所述焙烧的气氛优选为空气。
本发明将载体浸没在酸溶液中,然后进行烘干焙烧处理,在载体表面及孔道中形成大量酸性位点,本发明优选将烘干焙烧温度控制在上述范围,有利于形成强度适宜的酸性位,这些酸性位具有催化作用。
得到酸处理过的载体后,本发明将酸处理过的载体浸没于活性成分盐溶液中。在本发明中,所述活性成分盐溶液优选包括活性成分盐酸盐溶液、活性成分硝酸盐溶液、活性成分硫酸盐溶液、活性成分磷酸盐溶液和活性成分醋酸盐溶液中的一种或多种;所述活性成分盐溶液的浓度优选为0.1~3mol/L,进一步优选为0.5~2.5mol/L,更优选为1~2mol/L。在本发明中,所述活性成分盐溶液的溶剂优选为水。在本发明中,所述酸处理过的载体和活性成分盐溶液的用量比优选为1g:0.6~1.3mL,进一步优选为1g:1mL。在本发明中,所述酸处理过的载体在活性成分盐溶液中浸没的时间优选为3~8h,进一步优选为4~6h。
酸处理过的载体在活性成分盐溶液中浸没完成后,本发明将浸没活性成分盐溶液后的载体依次进行烘干和焙烧处理,得到催化剂。在本发明中,所述烘干的温度优选为80~120℃,进一步优选为100℃,烘干的时间优选为3~6h,进一步优选为4~5h。在本发明中,所述焙烧处理的温度优选为300~800℃,进一步优选为400~700℃,时间优选为3~6h,进一步优选为4~5h。在本发明中,所述焙烧的气氛优选为空气。
本发明将酸处理过的载体浸没在活性成分盐溶液中,使活性成分金属离子能够吸附在载体表面及孔道中,然后经过烘干和焙烧处理,使活性成分金属离子形成氧化态稳定下来并与载体结合的更牢固,在使用过程中不易发生变化,保持性能稳定。
本发明还提供了一种N-烷基咪唑类化合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将咪唑类化合物和烷基化试剂在催化剂作用下进行烷基化反应,制备得到N-烷基咪唑类化合物;所述烷基化反应的温度为100~400℃;所述催化剂为上述技术方案所述催化剂或者为上述技术方案所述方法制备得到的催化剂。
在本发明中,所述咪唑类化合物和烷基化试剂的摩尔比优选为1:1~10,进一步优选为1:2~8,更优选为1:3~7。
在本发明的实施例中,所述N-烷基咪唑类化合物的制备方法优选包括固定床连续反应方式和间歇反应釜反应方式。
当所述N-烷基咪唑类化合物的制备方法优选为固定床连续反应方式时,所述反应方式具体为:通过加料泵将咪唑类化合物和烷基化试剂打入固定床反应器中,通过汽化器加热,汽化后的原料混合物随载气N2混合均匀进入催化剂床层中,在催化剂的催化作用下进行烷基化反应,反应后所得的混合物通过冷凝器降温至室温后将液体收集在储料罐中。在本发明中,所述咪唑类化合物与烷基化试剂混合液的液体空速优选为0.5~20h-1,进一步优选为5~10h-1,载气N2空速优选为500~700h-1,进一步优选为600h-1。
当所述N-烷基咪唑类化合物的制备方法优选为间歇反应釜反应方式时,所述反应方式具体为:将催化剂、咪唑类化合物和烷基化试剂加入到反应釜中,密封后用保护气体置换体系中空气,然后进行烷基化反应。反应结束后冷却到室温,经过过滤从反应混合液中回收得到催化剂。在本发明中,所述催化剂和咪唑类化合物的质量比优选为0.01~0.5:1,进一步优选为0.05~0.45:1,更优选为0.1~0.4:1。在本发明中,所述反应时间优选为6~24h,进一步优选为10~20h。在本发明中,当烷基化试剂为醇时,所述保护气体优选为氮气或者氢气;当烷基化试剂为酮或者醛时,所述保护气体优选为氢气。
在本发明中,所述咪唑类化合物优选具有式I-1~I-3任一项所示结构:
其中式I-1中R1、R2和R3各自独立地优选为碳数为1~18的烷基、氢、甲氧基、苯基、苯氧基、苄基、乙烯基、三氟甲基、2-咪唑基、氟、氯、溴或碘;进一步优选为碳数为1~16的烷基,更优选为碳数为2~15的烷基,最优选为碳数为3~10的烷基;在本发明中,所述烷基优选包括直链烷基和异构烷基。
在本发明中,所述咪唑类化合物优选具有表1中任一项所示结构:
表1咪唑类化合物的结构
在本发明中,所述烷基化试剂优选包括醛、酮或醇中的一种;
在本发明中,当所述烷基化试剂优选为醛时,所述醛优选具有式II-1~II-3任一项所示结构:
所述式II-1中R1选自碳数为1~18的烷基或氢,优选为碳数为1~16的烷基,进一步优选为碳数为2~15的烷基,最优选为碳数为3~10的烷基;所述II-2~II-3中R1、R2选自碳数为1~18的烷基、氢、甲氧基、苯基、苯氧基、氟、氯、溴或碘;进一步优选为碳数为1~16的烷基,更优选为碳数为2~15的烷基,最优选为碳数为3~10的烷基;在本发明中,所述烷基优选包括直链烷基和异构烷基,所述式II-3中n为1~4的整数。
在本发明中,当所述烷基化试剂优选为醛时,所述醛优选具有表2中任一项所示结构:
表2醛的结构
在本发明中,当所述烷基化试剂优选为酮时,所述酮优选具有式III-1~III-3任一项所示结构:
所述式III-1中R1和R2各自独立地选自碳数为1~18的烷基或取代烷基,所述碳数为1~18的烷基优选为碳数1~16的烷基,更优选为碳数2~15的烷基,最优选为碳数3~10的烷基;所述取代烷基优选为苯基、苯氧基、氟、氯、溴或碘取代的烷基基团;所述式III-2~III-3中R1、R2和R3各自独立地选自碳数为1~18的烷基、氢、甲氧基、苯基、苯氧基、氟、氯、溴或碘;进一步优选为碳数为1~16的烷基,更优选为碳数为2~15的烷基,最优选为碳数为3~10的烷基。在本发明中,所述烷基优选包括直链烷基和异构烷基。
在本发明中,当所述烷基化试剂优选为酮时,所述酮优选具有表3中任一项所示结构:
表3酮的结构
在本发明中,当所述烷基化试剂优选为醇时,所述醇优选具有式IV-1~IV-12任一项所示结构:
所述式IV-1中R1和R2各自独立地优选为碳数为1~18的烷基或氢;所述式IV-6~式IV-12中R1优选为碳数为1~18的烷基、氢、甲氧基、苯基、苯氧基、氟、氯、溴或碘;所述IV-7~IV-9中R2优选为碳数为1~18的烷基、氢、甲氧基、苯基、苯氧基、氟、氯、溴或碘;在本发明中,所述碳数为1~18的烷基进一步优选为碳数为1~16的烷基,更优选为碳数为2~15的烷基,最优选为碳数为3~10的烷基;在本发明中,所述烷基优选包括直链烷基和异构烷基。在本发明中,所述式IV-2中m优选为1~6的整数,进一步优选为2~5的整数;所述式IV-3中n优选为2~8的整数,进一步优选为3~7的整数,更优选为4~6的整数;所述IV-6、IV-7和IV-9中n独立地优选为0~4的整数,进一步优选为1~4的整数,更优选为2~3的整数。
在本发明中,当所述烷基化试剂优选为醇时,所述醇优选具有表4中任一项所示结构:
表4醇的结构
本发明提供的N-烷基咪唑类化合物的制备方法,采用上述技术方案所述催化剂,使得本发明提供的方法简单,反应条件温和,产物选择性较高,而且催化剂容易回收重复使用。
在本发明中,当反应方式优选为间歇釜式反应方式时,所述催化剂的回收方法优选为:反应完成后,对反应液进行过滤,收集固体即可回收得到催化剂;当反应方式优选为固定床连续反应方式时,所述催化剂的回收方法优选为:反应完成后,将催化剂进行焙烧处理,使催化剂再生活化;所述焙烧处理的温度优选为450~550℃,焙烧处理的时间优选为3~5h。
下面将结合本发明中的实施例,对本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
实施例1
称取硅铝氧化物(铝含量5%)2.0g,浸渍于2mL 5mol/L的硝酸溶液中,室温浸渍3h,100℃烘干3h,800℃焙烧3h;配制1.5mol/L的硝酸锆水溶液2mL,将处理过的硅铝氧化物浸渍于该硝酸锆水溶液中8h,然后100℃干燥6h,300℃焙烧6h,即可得催化剂。
实施例2
称取硅铝氧化物(铝含量10%)2.0g,浸渍于2mL 2mol/L的硫酸溶液中,室温浸渍8h,100℃烘干6h,600℃焙烧5h;配制1.0mol/L的硝酸镧溶液2mL,将处理过的硅铝氧化物浸渍于该溶液中5h,然后100℃干燥6h,800℃焙烧5h,即可得催化剂。
实施例3
称取硅铝氧化物(铝含量20%)2.0g,浸渍于2mL 3mol/L的磷酸溶液中,室温浸渍5h,100℃烘干4h,700℃焙烧3h;取活性成分盐溶液2mL,活性成分盐溶液中醋酸铌的浓度为0.25mol/L,活性成分盐溶液中硝酸铈的浓度为1mol/L,将处理过的硅铝氧化物浸渍于上述活性成分盐溶液中8h,然后100℃干燥4h,500℃焙烧5h,即可得催化剂。
实施例4
称取二氧化硅2.0g,浸渍于2mL 5mol/L的钼酸溶液中,室温浸渍5h,100℃烘干3h,500℃焙烧6h;取活性成分盐溶液2mL,活性成分盐溶液中硝酸钪的浓度为1mol/L,活性成分盐溶液中硫酸钴的浓度为0.4mol/L,将处理过的二氧化硅浸渍于上述活性成分盐溶液中8h,然后100℃干燥4h,400℃焙烧5h,即可得催化剂。
实施例5
称取二氧化硅2.0g,浸渍于2mL 5mol/L的磷酸溶液中,室温浸渍8h,100℃烘干3h,500℃焙烧3h;取活性成分盐溶液2mL,活性成分盐溶液中硝酸铈的浓度为1mol/L,将处理过的二氧化硅浸渍于上述活性成分盐溶液中8h,然后100℃干燥3h,400℃焙烧5h,即可得催化剂。
实施例6
称取二氧化硅2.0g,浸渍于2mL2mol/L的盐酸溶液中,室温浸渍8h,100℃烘干3h,500℃焙烧3h;取活性成分盐溶液2mL,活性成分盐溶液中硫酸铜的浓度为2mol/L,活性成分盐溶液中硝酸镝的浓度为0.1mol/L,将处理过的二氧化硅浸渍于上述活性成分盐溶液中8h,然后100℃干燥3h,600℃焙烧5h,即可得催化剂。
实施例7
称取硅铝氧化物(铝含量5%)2.0g,浸渍于2mL 3mol/L的醋酸溶液中,室温浸渍5h,100℃烘干5h,600℃焙烧6h;取活性成分盐溶液2mL,活性成分盐溶液中醋酸铜的浓度为0.5mol/L,活性成分盐溶液中氯化铪的浓度为0.2mol/L,活性成分盐溶液中氯化钽的浓度为0.1mol/L,将处理过的硅铝氧化物浸渍于上述活性成分盐溶液中8h,然后100℃干燥4h,400℃焙烧5h,即可得催化剂。
实施例8
称取硅铝氧化物(铝含量5%)2.0g,浸渍于2mL 2mol/L的磷酸溶液中,室温浸渍5h,100℃烘干5h,600℃焙烧6h;取活性成分盐溶液2mL,活性成分盐溶液中磷酸钙的浓度为0.5mol/L,活性成分盐溶液中氯化镥的浓度为0.3mol/L,将处理过的硅铝氧化物浸渍于上述活性成分盐溶液中8h,然后100℃干燥4h,400℃焙烧5h,即可得催化剂。
实施例9
称取硅铝氧化物(铝含量5%)2.0g,浸渍于2mL 5mol/L的硫酸溶液中,室温浸渍5h,100℃烘干5h,600℃焙烧6h;取活性成分盐溶液2mL,活性成分盐溶液中硝酸钐的浓度为0.1mol/L,活性成分盐溶液中硝酸铁的浓度为0.5mol/L,将处理过的硅铝氧化物浸渍于上述活性成分盐溶液中8h,然后100℃干燥4h,400℃焙烧5h,即可得催化剂。
实施例10
称取硅铝氧化物(铝含量5%)2.0g,浸渍于2mL 2mol/L的盐酸溶液中,室温浸渍5h,100℃烘干5h,600℃焙烧6h;取活性成分盐溶液2mL,活性成分盐溶液中氯化铽的浓度为0.1mol/L,将处理过的硅铝氧化物浸渍于上述活性成分盐溶液中8h,然后100℃干燥4h,400℃焙烧5h,即可得催化剂。
实施例11
称取硅铝氧化物(铝含量10%)2.0g,浸渍于2mL 1mol/L的醋酸溶液中,室温浸渍5h,100℃烘干5h,600℃焙烧6h;取活性成分盐溶液2mL,活性成分盐溶液中硝酸钕的浓度为0.1mol/L,活性成分盐溶液中醋酸锌的浓度为0.3mol/L,将处理过的硅铝氧化物浸渍于上述活性成分盐溶液中8h,然后100℃干燥4h,400℃焙烧5h,即可得催化剂。
实施例12
称取二氧化硅2.0g,浸渍于2mL 5mol/L的钼酸溶液中,室温浸渍5h,100℃烘干3h,500℃焙烧6h;取活性成分盐溶液2mL,活性成分盐溶液中硝酸镁的浓度为1mol/L,活性成分盐溶液中硝酸铁的浓度为0.2mol/L,将处理过的二氧化硅浸渍于上述活性成分盐溶液中8h,然后100℃干燥4h,400℃焙烧5h,即可得催化剂。
实施例13
称取二氧化硅2.0g,浸渍于2mL 5mol/L的磷酸溶液中,室温浸渍8h,100℃烘干3h,500℃焙烧3h;取活性成分盐溶液2mL,活性成分盐溶液中硝酸钇的浓度为0.1mol/L,活性成分盐溶液中硝酸镍的浓度为1mol/L,将处理过的二氧化硅浸渍于上述活性成分盐溶液中8h,然后100℃干燥3h,400℃焙烧5h,即可得催化剂。
实施例14
称取硅铝氧化物(铝含量5%)2.0g,浸渍于2mL 1mol/L的磷酸溶液中,室温浸渍8h,100℃烘干3h,500℃焙烧3h;取活性成分盐溶液2mL,活性成分盐溶液中醋酸镨的浓度为0.1mol/L,活性成分盐溶液中硝酸铁的浓度为1mol/L,将处理过的硅铝氧化物浸渍于上述活性成分盐溶液中8h,然后100℃干燥3h,600℃焙烧5h,即可得催化剂。
对实施例1、3、5、7、9、11、13制备得到的催化剂结构进行表征,实验方法为:采用美国康塔iQ2型全自动物理化学吸附仪在77K下进行N2物理吸脱附实验。结果如表5所示:
表5本发明制备得到的催化剂结构参数
催化剂 | 比表面积 | 孔容 | 平均孔径 |
实施例1 | 327.749m<sup>2</sup>/g | 1.127e+00cc/g | 9.760e+00nm |
实施例3 | 277.115m<sup>2</sup>/g | 8.520e-01cc/g | 2.984e+01nm |
实施例5 | 456.238m<sup>2</sup>/g | 1.065e+00cc/g | 3.000e+01nm |
实施例7 | 834.696m<sup>2</sup>/g | 1.129e+00cc/g | 6.469e+00nm |
实施例9 | 554.226m<sup>2</sup>/g | 9.592e-01cc/g | 6.235e+01nm |
实施例11 | 623.618m<sup>2</sup>/g | 1.054e+00cc/g | 8.329e+00nm |
实施例13 | 412.761m<sup>2</sup>/g | 1.154e+00cc/g | 9.059e+01nm |
由表征结果可以看出,本发明制备的催化剂材料具有较大的比表面积,并且具有介孔和大孔结构,这些都有利于活性位点的均匀分布,增加反应物的扩散与吸附能力,使反应活性提高。
采用Tecnai G2 F30 S-Twin高分辨透射电子显微镜对实施例1的催化剂进行透射电镜分析,结果如图1~4所示,图1~图4左下角的标尺依次为20nm、50nm、100nm和200nm。由图1~4可知,金属氧化物颗粒附着在硅铝氧化物载体上。
应用例1
催化反应在固定床反应器中进行,将咪唑化合物与醇按照摩尔比1:10混合,通过加料泵将咪唑化合物和烷基化试剂打入固定床反应器中,通过汽化器加热,汽化后的原料混合物随载气N2混合均匀进入催化剂床层中,在催化剂的催化作用下进行烷基化反应,反应后所得的混合物通过冷凝器降温至室温后将液体收集在储料罐中。其中,催化剂为实施例1制备得到的催化剂;咪唑化合物与烷基化试剂混合液的液体空速为5h-1,载气N2空速为600h-1,反应温度为200℃,反应时间50h。反应产物使用Agilent 5977A/7890B GC-MS气相质谱仪和Agilent 7890A(30m×0.25mm×0.33μm毛细管柱,氢火焰离子检测器)对反应产物进行定性定量分析。反应性能见表6。
应用例2
按照应用例1的方法进行试验,反应条件及产物分析同应用例1,区别在于催化剂为实施例2制备得到的催化剂。反应性能见表6。
应用例3
按照应用例1的方法进行试验,反应条件及产物分析同应用例1,区别在于催化剂为实施例3制备得到的催化剂。反应性能见表6。
应用例4
按照应用例1的方法进行试验,反应条件及产物分析同应用例1,区别在于催化剂为实施例4制备得到的催化剂。反应性能见表6。
应用例5
按照应用例1的方法进行试验,反应条件及产物分析同应用例1,区别在于催化剂为实施例5制备得到的催化剂。反应性能见表6。
应用例6
按照应用例1的方法进行试验,反应条件及产物分析同应用例1,区别在于催化剂为实施例6制备得到的催化剂。反应性能见表6。
应用例7
按照应用例1的方法进行试验,反应条件及产物分析同应用例1,区别在于催化剂为实施例7制备得到的催化剂。反应性能见表6。
应用例8
按照应用例1的方法进行试验,反应条件及产物分析同应用例1,区别在于催化剂为实施例8制备得到的催化剂。反应性能见表6。
应用例9
按照应用例1的方法进行试验,反应条件及产物分析同应用例1,区别在于催化剂为实施例9制备得到的催化剂。反应性能见表6。
应用例10
按照应用例1的方法进行试验,反应条件及产物分析同应用例1,区别在于催化剂为实施例10制备得到的催化剂。反应性能见表6。
应用例11
按照应用例1的方法进行试验,反应条件及产物分析同应用例1,区别在于催化剂为实施例11制备得到的催化剂。反应性能见表6。
应用例12
按照应用例1的方法进行试验,反应条件及产物分析同应用例1,区别在于催化剂为实施例12制备得到的催化剂。反应性能见表6。
应用例13
按照应用例1的方法进行试验,反应条件及产物分析同应用例1,区别在于催化剂为实施例13制备得到的催化剂。反应性能见表6。
应用例14
按照应用例1的方法进行试验,反应条件及产物分析同应用例1,区别在于催化剂为实施例14制备得到的催化剂。反应性能见表6。
应用例15~28
称取实施例3的催化剂2g,在固定床反应器中进行不同咪唑类化合物(具体结构见表5)与甲醇的甲基化反应,咪唑化合物与醇混合液的液体空速为5h-1,载气N2空速为600h-1,反应温度为400℃,反应时间50h。反应性能见表6。
应用例29
按照应用例1的方法进行试验,反应条件及产物分析同应用例1,区别在于催化剂为应用例1中回收得到的催化剂,催化剂的回收方法为:将应用例1反应完成后的催化剂在空气中500℃焙烧4小时活化再生。反应性能见表6。
表6应用例1~28的反应原料及催化效果
表6中,收率的计算方法为:收率=实际目标产物生成量/理论目标产物生成量×100%;表6中收率与选择性的关系为:收率=转化率×选择性。
由表6测试结果可知,本发明提供的催化剂能够催化多种咪唑类化合物与烷基化试剂的反应,而且采用本发明提供的催化剂制备N-烷基咪唑类化合物,方法简单,条件温和,而且产物的选择性和收率较高,收率为56%~92%,且催化剂可活化再生,重复使用。
应用例30
称取实施例1制备得到的催化剂50mg、5mmol(340mg)咪唑和20mmol(640mg)甲醇,分别依次加入到40mL带有磁力搅拌的反应釜中,密封后用H2置换体系中空气三次,然后加热搅拌。升温到100℃后保持6h。停止反应并冷却到室温,经过过滤从反应混合液中回收得到催化剂。使用Agilent 5977A/7890B GC-MS气相质谱仪和Agilent 7890A(30m×0.25mm×0.33μm毛细管柱,氢火焰离子检测器)对反应产物进行定性定量分析,结果如表7所示。
应用例31
按照应用例30的方式进行试验,区别在于,采用的催化剂为实施例2制备得到的催化剂,结果如表7所示。
应用例32
按照应用例30的方式进行试验,区别在于,采用的催化剂为实施例3制备得到的催化剂,结果如表7所示。
应用例33
按照应用例30的方式进行试验,区别在于,采用的催化剂为实施例4制备得到的催化剂,结果如表7所示。
应用例34
按照应用例30的方式进行试验,区别在于,采用的催化剂为实施例5制备得到的催化剂,结果如表7所示。
应用例35
按照应用例30的方式进行试验,区别在于,采用的催化剂为实施例6制备得到的催化剂,结果如表7所示。
应用例36
按照应用例30的方式进行试验,区别在于,采用的催化剂为实施例7制备得到的催化剂,结果如表7所示。
应用例37
按照应用例30的方式进行试验,区别在于,采用的催化剂为实施例8制备得到的催化剂,结果如表7所示。
应用例38
按照应用例30的方式进行试验,区别在于,采用的催化剂为实施例9制备得到的催化剂,结果如表7所示。
应用例39
按照应用例30的方式进行试验,区别在于,采用的催化剂为实施例10制备得到的催化剂,结果如表7所示。
应用例40
按照应用例30的方式进行试验,区别在于,采用的催化剂为应用例32过滤回收得到的催化剂,结果如表7所示。
表7应用例30~40的反应原料及催化效果
表7中,收率的计算方法为:收率=实际目标产物生成量/理论目标产物生成量×100%;表7中收率与选择性的关系为:收率=转化率×选择性。
由表7测试结果可知,本发明提供的催化剂用于制备N-烷基咪唑类化合物,方法简单,条件温和,而且产物的选择性和收率较高,收率为55%~93%。另外,本发明提供的催化剂在反应完成后,将反应液进行过滤,收集固体即可回收得到催化剂,催化剂可以重复利用且性能良好。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种N-烷基咪唑类化合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将咪唑类化合物和烷基化试剂在催化剂作用下进行烷基化反应,得到N-烷基咪唑类化合物;所述烷基化反应的温度为100~400℃;
所述催化剂包括活性成分和酸处理过的载体;所述载体为硅铝氧化物和/或二氧化硅;所述活性成分包括金属氧化物,所述金属氧化物中的金属元素包括锆、铌、铪、钽、钙、镁、铜、镍、铁、钴、锌和稀土元素中的一种或多种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述咪唑类化合物和烷基化试剂的摩尔比为1:1~10。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述咪唑类化合物具有式I-1~I-3任一项所示结构:
式I-1中R1、R2和R3各自独立地选自碳数为1~18的烷基、氢、甲氧基、苯基、苯氧基、苄基、乙烯基、三氟甲基、2-咪唑基、氟、氯、溴或碘;
所述烷基化试剂包括醛、酮或醇;
所述醛具有式II-1~II-3任一项所示结构:
所述式II-1中R1选自碳数为1~18的烷基或氢;所述II-2~II-3中R1、R2选自碳数为1~18的烷基、氢、甲氧基、苯基、苯氧基、氟、氯、溴或碘;所述式II-3中n为1~4的整数;
所述酮具有式III-1~III-3任一项所示结构:
所述式III-1中R1和R2各自独立地选自碳数为1~18的烷基或取代烷基;所述式III-2~III-3中R1、R2和R3各自独立地选自碳数为1~18的烷基、氢、甲氧基、苯基、苯氧基、氟、氯、溴或碘;
所述醇具有式IV-1~IV-12任一项所示结构:
所述式IV-1中R1和R2各自独立地选自碳数为1~18的烷基或氢;所述式IV-6~式IV-12中R1选自碳数为1~18的烷基、氢、甲氧基、苯基、苯氧基、氟、氯、溴或碘;所述IV-7~IV-9中R2选自碳数为1~18的烷基、氢、甲氧基、苯基、苯氧基、氟、氯、溴或碘;所述式IV-2中m为1~6的整数;所述式IV-3中n为2~8的整数;所述IV-6、IV-7和IV-9中n独立地为0~4的整数。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂中活性成分的质量分数为0.1~25%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述载体的比表面积大于50m2/g;所述硅铝氧化物中铝含量为0~20%,不包括0。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将载体浸没于酸溶液中,然后依次进行烘干和焙烧处理,得到酸处理过的载体;
(2)将所述步骤(1)得到的酸处理过的载体浸没于活性成分盐溶液中,然后依次进行烘干和焙烧处理,得到催化剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中酸溶液包括盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸、醋酸和钼酸中的一种或多种;所述酸溶液的浓度为1~5mol/L。
8.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中活性成分盐溶液包括活性成分盐酸盐溶液、活性成分硝酸盐溶液、活性成分硫酸盐溶液、活性成分磷酸盐溶液和活性成分醋酸盐溶液中的一种或多种;所述活性成分盐溶液的浓度为0.1~3mol/L。
9.根据权利要求6~8任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)和步骤(2)中烘干处理的温度独立地为80~120℃,烘干处理的时间独立地为3~6h;焙烧处理的温度独立地为300~800℃,焙烧处理的时间独立地为3~6h。
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