CN109969059B - Vehicle-mounted loading and unloading device and loading and unloading method - Google Patents
Vehicle-mounted loading and unloading device and loading and unloading method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109969059B CN109969059B CN201910140240.4A CN201910140240A CN109969059B CN 109969059 B CN109969059 B CN 109969059B CN 201910140240 A CN201910140240 A CN 201910140240A CN 109969059 B CN109969059 B CN 109969059B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 161
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000004282 Grewia occidentalis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60P—VEHICLES ADAPTED FOR LOAD TRANSPORTATION OR TO TRANSPORT, TO CARRY, OR TO COMPRISE SPECIAL LOADS OR OBJECTS
- B60P1/00—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading
- B60P1/54—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading using cranes for self-loading or self-unloading
- B60P1/5438—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading using cranes for self-loading or self-unloading with a moveable base
- B60P1/5442—Vehicles predominantly for transporting loads and modified to facilitate loading, consolidating the load, or unloading using cranes for self-loading or self-unloading with a moveable base attached to the roof of the vehicle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60P—VEHICLES ADAPTED FOR LOAD TRANSPORTATION OR TO TRANSPORT, TO CARRY, OR TO COMPRISE SPECIAL LOADS OR OBJECTS
- B60P7/00—Securing or covering of load on vehicles
- B60P7/06—Securing of load
- B60P7/13—Securing freight containers or forwarding containers on vehicles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Loading Or Unloading Of Vehicles (AREA)
- Carriers, Traveling Bodies, And Overhead Traveling Cranes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a vehicle-mounted loading and unloading device and a loading and unloading method, wherein the device comprises an electric crane, a suspension arm, two transition plates, two-stage telescopic heavy-load sliding rails, a suspension arm longitudinal moving mechanism, a suspension arm transverse moving mechanism, a suspension rope mechanism, two packing cases and a plurality of packing case locking mechanisms, four corners of the bottom of each packing case are respectively fixed on a carriage body bottom plate through the plurality of packing case locking mechanisms, the electric crane is fixed on the lower side of the outer end of the suspension arm, the suspension arm transverse moving mechanism is arranged below two ends of the top wall of the carriage body, and two ends of the transition plates are vertically and fixedly connected with the suspension arm transverse moving mechanism to form a transverse moving frame; the front end of the suspension arm longitudinal moving mechanism is vertically connected with the front end of the suspension arm and the transverse plate, and the suspension rope mechanism is arranged on the top of the packaging box. According to the method, two packing boxes are hoisted out of a carriage body or hoisted into the carriage body in sequence through alternate movement of the suspension arm longitudinal moving mechanism and the suspension arm transverse moving mechanism. The device has compact structure and convenient use. The method is flexible, convenient to maintain, reduces the loading and unloading cost and improves the working efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a self-contained loading and unloading device of a vehicle, in particular to a self-contained loading and unloading device and a loading and unloading method of a vehicle, which are arranged in a top wall of a carriage body or a top wall of a square cabin, do not occupy main use space in the carriage body, and can continuously load and unload a plurality of carriages in the carriage body without using an external loading and unloading vehicle, and belong to the technical field of special vehicles.
Background
At present, heavy equipment carried by special vehicles is generally arranged in a packing box, a plurality of packing boxes are fixed on a carriage body bottom plate or a shelter bottom plate side by side, and the structure can fully utilize the vehicle space. In general, a loading and unloading device such as a crane or a forklift at a parking site is used for loading and unloading a packing box, and a plurality of operators are required to operate at the site to complete loading and unloading of the packing box. The auxiliary equipment and personnel in the occupied loading and unloading site are more, the maneuverability is poor, the loading and unloading cost is high, the labor intensity is high, and the working efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vehicle-mounted loading and unloading device and a loading and unloading method which do not need to provide loading and unloading equipment on a parking site, are flexible in maneuvering, low in loading and unloading cost and high in working efficiency.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
The vehicle-mounted loading and unloading device comprises an electric crane, a suspension arm, two transition plates, a two-stage telescopic heavy-load sliding rail, a suspension arm longitudinal moving mechanism, a suspension arm transverse moving mechanism, a suspension rope mechanism, two packing cases and a plurality of packing case locking mechanisms, wherein the two packing cases are placed in a carriage body side by side, and four corners of the bottom of each packing case are fixed on a carriage body bottom plate through the plurality of packing case locking mechanisms; the suspension arm is in a groove shape with a downward opening, and is positioned between the lower side of the top wall of the carriage body and the top of the packing box, and the electric crane is fixed at the lower side of the outer end of the suspension arm; the end face of the transition plate is in an inverted L shape, two-stage telescopic heavy-load sliding rails are respectively arranged between two sides of the suspension arm and the transition plate, the front ends of the two-stage telescopic heavy-load sliding rails are respectively connected with two sides of the suspension arm, and the rear ends of the two-stage telescopic heavy-load sliding rails are respectively and vertically fixedly connected with two ends of the transverse plate; the suspension arm traversing mechanism is arranged below two ends of the top wall of the carriage body, and two ends of the two transition plates are respectively connected with the suspension arm traversing mechanism to form a traversing frame; the front end of the suspension arm longitudinal moving mechanism is connected with the front end of the suspension arm, and the rear end of the suspension arm longitudinal moving mechanism is fixedly connected with the transverse plate vertically; the rear end of the suspension arm longitudinal moving mechanism is positioned on the rear wall of the carriage body; the lifting rope mechanism is arranged on the top of the packing box, and when the packing box is assembled and disassembled, the lifting hook at the lower side of the electric crane hooks the middle part of the lifting rope mechanism.
The object of the present invention can be further achieved by the following technical means.
Further, the boom longitudinal moving mechanism comprises two linear propellers which are respectively arranged at the inner sides of the corresponding transition plates in parallel, the rear fixed end of the first linear propeller is fixed below the rear end of the top wall of the carriage body, and the front moving end of the first linear propeller is hinged with the upper side of the front part of the middle plate of the two-stage telescopic heavy-load sliding rail; the rear fixed end of the second linear propeller is fixed on the inner side of one end of the transverse plate, and the front movable end of the second linear propeller is hinged with the front part of the suspension arm.
Further, the suspension arm transverse moving mechanism comprises racks transversely arranged at the front end and the rear end of the top wall of the carriage body respectively, right-angle rod pieces positioned at two ends of gears and transition plates at two corners of the rear end of the suspension arm transverse moving mechanism respectively, and a suspension arm transverse moving driving mechanism, wherein the outer vertical side surfaces of the racks are respectively fixed at the inner lower sides of the corresponding right-angle rod pieces, the right-angle rod pieces are respectively fixed at the transverse two ends of the top wall of the carriage body, sliding rails are respectively fixed at the inner upper sides of the corresponding right-angle rod pieces, two ends of the transition plates far away from one side wall of the carriage body are respectively hinged with rolling wheels, and the rolling wheels are respectively embedded in the corresponding sliding rails; the gears are respectively fixed on two ends of the boom traversing driving mechanism, and the racks are meshed with the gears on the lower sides of the boom traversing driving mechanism.
Further, the boom sideslip actuating mechanism includes driving motor-speed reducer subassembly, two transmission shafts and several bearing support seat, driving motor-speed reducer subassembly passes through the fixed bolster to be fixed perpendicularly on the rear cross beam, and the speed reducer output shaft both ends are connected with corresponding transmission shaft one end through the shaft coupling respectively, and the transmission shaft other end is fixed connection with corresponding gear respectively, and the transmission shaft both ends that the level set up are supported on keeping away from the transition board of carriage box body lateral wall through the bearing support seat respectively.
Further, the lifting rope mechanism comprises two lifting steel wire ropes and four lifting lugs, the lifting lugs are respectively fixed on four corners of the top of the packaging box, two ends of each lifting steel wire rope are respectively connected with two opposite-angle lifting lugs on the top of the packaging box, the middle parts of the two lifting steel wire ropes are intersected to form an X shape, and the intersection parts of the two lifting steel wire ropes are sleeved in the lifting rings; when in hoisting, the lifting hook of the electric crane hooks the lifting ring at the intersection of the two steel wire ropes.
Further, the packing box locking mechanism comprises packing box locking grooves respectively arranged at two sides of four corners of a packing box and a locker corresponding to the positions of the packing box locking grooves, the locker comprises a locker shell, an electromagnetic coil, a lock tongue and a pressure spring, the electromagnetic coil is positioned in the locker shell, the lock tongue is arranged in the electromagnetic coil, the pressure spring is positioned between the rear end of the lock tongue and the inner wall of the locker shell, and the locker shell is respectively fixed on a carriage body bottom plate; when the packing box is locked, the electromagnetic coil is powered off, and the front end of the lock tongue stretches into the corresponding packing box locking groove to lock the packing box under the driving of electromagnetic force. The vertical plate of the lock housing on the side close to the package is bent outwards by a guiding bevel angle α, said α=30° to 40 °.
A loading and unloading method of a vehicle-mounted loading and unloading device comprises the following steps of A, lifting and transporting a packing box out of a carriage body, B, lifting and transporting the packing box into the carriage body, and the like:
A. Packing box lifting carriage body
A1 Unlocking of packing box
Before the packing box is dismounted, a PLC controller of the transport vehicle sends a signal, electromagnetic coils in each locker at four corners of two packing boxes in a carriage body are respectively electrified to generate electromagnetic force, so that corresponding lock bolts are moved back into the electromagnetic coils, the pressure springs are pressed, the front ends of the lock bolts are moved back to be separated from corresponding packing box locking grooves, and the packing boxes are unlocked;
A2 Lifting the first packing box by lowering the lifting hook
Then the PLC controller sends a signal to start the electric crane, and the lifting hook descends to hook the lifting ring at the intersection of the middle parts of the two lifting steel wire ropes at the top of the first packing box; then the lifting hook ascends, and the bottom of the first packing box is separated from the carriage body bottom plate;
a3 First packing box is unloaded on the ground
The first linear propeller receives an overhanging signal sent by the PLC, the front moving end of the first linear propeller overhangs in place and pushes the middle plate of the two-stage telescopic heavy-load sliding rail to move outwards, so that the inner guide rail strips, the outer guide rail strips and the outer guide rail grooves which are fixed on two sides of the middle plate are simultaneously driven to move outwards, the suspension arm and the transverse plate at the rear end of the two-stage telescopic heavy-load sliding rail move outwards along with the outer guide rail strips, and the front part of a first packing box hung by the lifting hook of the electric crane below the front end of the suspension arm moves out of the carriage body; then, the front moving end of the second linear propeller extends outwards to push the suspension arm to move outwards under the guidance of the inner guide rail groove of the two-stage telescopic heavy-load slide rail, and the first packing box hung by the lifting hook moves out of the carriage body completely; then the lifting hook descends to enable the bottom surface of the first packing box to fall onto the ground; lifting and resetting after the lifting hook is separated from the two lifting steel wire ropes, and completing the unloading of the first packing box;
a4 Back-moving reset of suspension arm
The first linear propeller receives an retraction signal sent by the PLC controller, the front moving end of the first linear propeller is retracted in place firstly, then the front moving end of the second linear propeller is retracted in place, and at the moment, the lifting hook returns to the middle part of the carriage body and is close to the initial position of a longitudinal side wall of the carriage body;
A5 A boom is transversely moved to a position far away from a longitudinal side wall of the carriage body
The driving motor-speed reducer assembly of the suspension arm transverse moving driving mechanism receives a starting signal sent by the PLC controller, the driving motor-speed reducer assembly is started, two ends of an output shaft of the speed reducer respectively drive corresponding transmission shafts to rotate, gears at the ends of the transmission shafts synchronously rotate, and the transverse moving frame carries the suspension arm longitudinal moving mechanism to transversely move in place towards the longitudinal side wall direction of the carriage body;
a6 A second packing box is unloaded on the ground
The PLC controller sends a signal, and the step A3) and the step A4) are sequentially repeated to finish the unloading of the second packing box on the ground, the back moving reset of the suspension arm and the back moving reset of the suspension arm;
B. The packing box is hoisted into the carriage body
B1 First packing box is filled in carriage body
The first linear propeller receives an overhanging starting signal sent by the PLC, the front moving end of the first linear propeller stretches outwards to push the middle plate of the two-stage telescopic heavy-load sliding rail to move outwards, so that the inner guide rail strips, the outer guide rail strips and the outer guide rail grooves which are fixed on two sides of the middle plate are simultaneously driven to move outwards, the suspension arm and the transverse plate at the rear end of the two-stage telescopic heavy-load sliding rail move outwards, then the second linear propeller receives the overhanging starting signal, the front moving end of the second linear propeller stretches outwards to push the suspension arm to move outwards to the position below the front end of the suspension arm under the guidance of the inner guide rail grooves of the two-stage telescopic heavy-load sliding rail, and the lifting hook of the electric crane is positioned on the upper side of the first packing box; then the lifting hook descends to hook the lifting rings at the middle parts of the two lifting steel wire ropes at the top of the first packing box and ascends; the first linear propeller receives the retraction starting signal, the front moving end of the first linear propeller is retracted in place firstly, then the front moving end of the second linear propeller is retracted in place, and at the moment, the first packing box hung by the lifting hook is completely lifted into the carriage body and is positioned close to a longitudinal side wall of the carriage body; the lifting hook descends, the first packing box accurately falls onto a preset position of the bottom plate of the carriage body under the guide of the four-corner external locking device of the first packing box, and the lifting hook ascends after being separated from two lifting steel wire ropes at the top of the first packing box;
B2 A boom is transversely moved to a position far away from a longitudinal side wall of the carriage body
The PLC controller sends a signal, the step A5) is repeated, and the traversing frame carries the boom longitudinal moving mechanism to traverse in place towards the direction far away from the longitudinal side wall of the carriage body;
B3 A second packing box is filled in the carriage packing box
The PLC controller sends a signal, and the step B1) is repeated, and the second packing box is arranged in a position, away from the other longitudinal side wall of the carriage body, of the carriage packing box;
B4 Locking device for locking two packing boxes
The PLC controller sends out signals, electromagnetic coils in the lockers arranged at four corners of the two packing boxes are respectively powered off, electromagnetic force disappears, the front ends of the lock bolts respectively extend outwards to enter corresponding packing box locking grooves under the action of restoring force of the pressure springs, and the first packing box and the second packing box are respectively locked, so that the operation that the two packing boxes are lifted into a carriage body is completed.
The device has compact structure, convenient use and wide application field, and can be used for a van or a vehicle-mounted shelter as well as a motor home and other special vehicles. The suspension arm longitudinal moving mechanism and the suspension arm transverse moving mechanism which are arranged on the lower side of the top wall of the carriage body do not occupy the use space in the carriage body, and the lifting rope mechanism arranged on the top of the lifted packaging box improves the lifting stability. According to the method, the two packing boxes in the carriage body can be unloaded onto the ground or the two packing boxes on the ground are loaded into the carriage body through the longitudinal and transverse alternate movement of the suspension arm longitudinal movement mechanism and the suspension arm transverse movement mechanism and lifting of the lifting hook. The two-stage telescopic heavy-load sliding rail is used for supporting the two sides of the suspension arm, so that the suspension arm can extend out of the rear ends of the two longitudinal sides of the carriage body completely, and two side by side arranged and longer packing boxes in the carriage body can be assembled and disassembled.
Advantages and features of the invention will be illustrated and explained by the following non-limiting description of preferred embodiments, given by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of section I of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the boom traversing mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of section II of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a boom traversing drive mechanism;
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the container being lifted out of the car body.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the left end of the car body 10 is the front end, and the right end of the car body 10 is the rear end.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the vehicle-mounted handling device of the present practical example includes an electric crane 1, a boom 2, two transition plates 3, two-stage telescopic heavy-duty slide rails 4, a boom longitudinal moving mechanism 5, a boom lateral moving mechanism 6, a lifting rope mechanism 7, two packing cases 8 and 16 packing case locking mechanisms 9, wherein the two packing cases 8 are placed in a carriage body 10 side by side, and four corners of the bottom of the packing case 8 are respectively fixed on a carriage body bottom plate 101 through the 8 packing case locking mechanisms 9. As shown in fig. 5, the packing box locking mechanism 9 includes packing box locking grooves 81 respectively provided on both sides of four corners of the packing box 8 and a locker 91 corresponding to the position of the packing box locking grooves 81, the locker 91 includes a locker housing 911, an electromagnetic coil 912, a lock tongue 913 and a pressure spring 914, the electromagnetic coil 912 is located in the locker housing 911, the lock tongue 913 is provided in the electromagnetic coil 912, the pressure spring 914 is located between the rear end of the lock tongue 913 and the inner wall of the locker housing 911, and the locker housing 911 is fixed on the carriage body bottom plate 101 respectively. When the packing case 8 is locked, the electromagnetic coil 912 is powered off, and the lock tongue 913 is driven by electromagnetic force to extend into the corresponding packing case locking groove 81 to lock the packing case 8. The lockers 91 outside four corners of the bottom of the packing box 8 play a firm locking role on the packing box 8, so that the two packing boxes 8 in the carriage body 10 can not move in the transportation process, and the transportation safety is ensured. As shown in fig. 5, the vertical plate at one side of the locker housing 911 near the packing case 8 is bent outwards to form a guiding bevel angle α, α=35°, and the guiding bevel angle α can guide the lower portion of the packing case 8 to be precisely positioned on the carriage bottom plate 101 during the falling process of the packing case 8, so that the locking tongue 913 is convenient to extend into the packing case locking groove 81 to lock the packing case 8.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the arm 2 is channel-shaped with the opening facing downward, and is positioned between the underside of the top wall 102 of the car body and the top of the package 8, and the channel-shaped arm 2 increases the flexural section modulus of the arm 2. The electric crane 1 is fixed at the downside of the outer end of the suspension arm 2, the end face of the transition plate 3 is in an inverted L shape, the two-stage telescopic heavy-load sliding rails 4 are respectively arranged between the two sides of the suspension arm 2 and the transition plate 3, and the rear ends of the two-stage telescopic heavy-load sliding rails 4 are respectively and vertically fixedly connected with the two ends of the transverse plate 40. Two ends of the two transition plates 3 are respectively connected with the boom traversing mechanism 6 to form a traversing frame 60.
As shown in fig. 4, the front end of the boom longitudinal moving mechanism 5 is vertically connected with the front end of the boom 2, and the rear end of the boom longitudinal moving mechanism 5 is positioned on the carriage body rear wall 103. The boom longitudinal moving mechanism 5 comprises two linear propellers which are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the corresponding transition plates 3 in parallel, a rear fixed end 511 of the first linear propeller is fixed below the rear end of the carriage top wall 102, and a front moving end 512 of the first linear propeller is hinged with the upper front side of the two-stage telescopic heavy-load sliding rail middle plate 41. The second rectilinear propeller rear fixed end 521 is fixed inside one end of the cross plate 40, and the second rectilinear propeller front movable end 522 is hinged with the front part of the boom 2. In this embodiment, the first linear thruster 51 and the second linear thruster 52 are electric push rods, or may be linear thrusters such as an air cylinder or an oil cylinder.
As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 6, the boom traversing mechanism 6 comprises racks 61 respectively transversely arranged at the front end and the rear end of the carriage top wall 102, gears 62 respectively positioned at two corners of the rear end of the boom traversing mechanism 6, right-angle bars 63 respectively positioned at two ends of the traversing frame 60, and a boom traversing driving mechanism 64, wherein the outer vertical side surfaces of the racks 61 are respectively fixed at the inner lower sides of the corresponding right-angle bars 63 through a plurality of fastening screws arranged at intervals, the right-angle bars 63 are respectively welded and fixed at the longitudinal two sides of the carriage top wall 102, sliding rails 66 are respectively fixed at the inner upper sides of the corresponding right-angle bars 63 through a plurality of fastening screws arranged at intervals, two ends of a transition plate 3 far away from one side wall 103 of the carriage body are respectively hinged with rollers 65, and the rollers 65 are respectively embedded in the corresponding sliding rails 66. The rack 61 is engaged with a gear 62 on the lower side thereof.
As shown in fig. 6, the boom traversing driving mechanism 64 includes a driving motor-reducer assembly 641, two transmission shafts 642 and 4 bearing support seats 643, the driving motor-reducer assembly 641 is vertically fixed on the transition plate 3 far away from the longitudinal side wall 103 of the carriage body through a fixing bracket 644, two ends of a reducer output shaft 644 are respectively connected with one end of the corresponding transmission shaft 642 through a coupling 645, the other end of the transmission shaft 642 is respectively fixedly connected with the corresponding gear 62, and two ends of the horizontally arranged transmission shaft 642 are respectively supported on the vertical surface of the transition plate 3 far away from the side wall 103 of the carriage body through the bearing support seats 643. When the driving motor-reducer assembly 641 drives the gear 62 to rotate, the rollers 65 at the two ends of the rear cross beam 63 are driven to roll along the sliding rails 66, so that the traversing frame 60 is driven to traverse.
As shown in fig. 2, the lifting rope mechanism 7 is arranged on the top of the packing box 8 and comprises two lifting steel wire ropes 71 and four lifting lugs 72, the lifting lugs 72 are respectively fixed on four corners of the top of the packing box 8, two ends of the lifting steel wire ropes 71 are respectively connected with the lifting lugs 72 on two opposite angles of the top of the packing box, the middle parts of the two lifting steel wire ropes are intersected to form an X shape, and the intersection of the two lifting steel wire ropes 71 is sleeved in the lifting ring 73. During hoisting, the hanging hook 11 of the electric crane 1 hooks the hanging ring 73 at the intersection of the two steel wire ropes 71. The lifting rope mechanism 7 can greatly reduce the problem that the packing box 8 shakes in the lifting process, and improves the lifting safety and stability of the packing box 8.
A loading and unloading method of a vehicle-mounted loading and unloading device comprises the following steps of A, lifting and transporting a packing box 8 out of a carriage body 10, B, and lifting and transporting the packing box 8 into the carriage body 10:
A. Packing box is hung and transported out of carriage body 10
A1 Unlocking of the packaging box 8
Before the packing box 8 is dismounted, the PLC controller of the transport vehicle sends a signal, electromagnetic coils 912 in each locker 91 at four corners of two packing boxes 8 in the carriage body 10 are respectively electrified to generate electromagnetic force, so that corresponding lock bolts 913 are moved into the electromagnetic coils 912 backwards, the pressure springs 914 are pressed, the front ends of the lock bolts 913 are moved backwards to be separated from corresponding packing box locking grooves 81, and the packing boxes 8 are unlocked.
A2 A lifting hook 11 descends to lift the first packing box 8
Then the PLC controller sends a signal to start the electric crane 1, and the lifting hook 11 descends to hook the lifting ring 73 at the intersection of the middle parts of the two lifting steel wire ropes 71 at the top of the first packing box 8; then the lifting hook 11 ascends, and the bottom of the first packing box 8 is separated from the carriage body bottom plate 101;
a3 First package 8 unloaded on the ground
The first linear propeller 51 receives an overhanging signal sent by the PLC controller, the front moving end 511 of the first linear propeller overhangs in place, and pushes the middle plate 41 of the two-stage telescopic heavy-load sliding rail 4 to move outwards, so that the inner guide rail strips 42, the outer guide rail strips 43 and the outer guide rail grooves 44 fixed on two sides of the middle plate 41 are simultaneously driven to move outwards, the boom 2 and the transverse plate 40 at the rear end of the two-stage telescopic heavy-load sliding rail 4 move outwards along with the outer guide rail strips, and the front part of the first packing box 8 hung by the lifting hook 11 of the electric crane 1 under the front end of the boom 2 moves out of the carriage body 10. Then, the front moving end 521 of the second linear pusher extends outwards to a proper position, so that the suspension arm 1 is pushed to move outwards under the guidance of the inner guide rail groove 45 of the two-stage telescopic heavy-load slide rail 4, and the first packing box 8 hung by the hanging hook 11 is completely moved out of the carriage body 10. The hooks 11 are then lowered so that the bottom surface of the first package 8 falls to the ground. Lifting hook 11 is lifted and reset after being separated from lifting ring 73, and the first packing box 8 is discharged.
A4 Back-moving reset of the boom 2
The first linear pusher 51 receives the retraction signal from the PLC controller, the front moving end 511 of the first linear pusher is retracted into position, and then the front moving end 521 of the second linear pusher is retracted into position, at this time, the hook 11 returns to the starting position of the electric hoist 1, which is located in the middle of the car body and near a longitudinal side wall 103 of the car body before starting.
A5 A boom traversing to a position away from a longitudinal side wall 103 of the car body
The driving motor-speed reducer assembly 641 of the boom traversing driving mechanism 64 receives a starting signal sent by the PLC controller, the driving motor-speed reducer assembly 641 is started, two ends of the speed reducer output shaft 644 respectively drive the corresponding transmission shafts 642 to rotate, the gears 62 at the ends of the transmission shafts 642 synchronously rotate, and the traversing frame 60 carries the boom longitudinal moving mechanism 5 to transversely move in place towards the direction of a longitudinal side wall 103 of the carriage body.
A6 A second packing box 8 is unloaded on the ground
And (3) sending a signal by the PLC, and sequentially repeating the step A3) and the step A4) to finish the unloading of the second packing box 8 on the ground and the backward moving and resetting of the suspension arm 2.
B. the packing box 8 is lifted into the carriage body 10
B1 A first packing box 8 is arranged in a carriage body 10
The first linear propeller 51 receives an overhanging starting signal sent by the PLC controller, and the front moving end 511 of the first linear propeller overhangs in place to push the middle plate 41 of the two-stage telescopic heavy-duty sliding rail 4 to move outwards, so that the inner guide rail strips 42, the outer guide rail strips 43 and the outer guide rail grooves 44 fixed on two sides of the middle plate 41 are simultaneously driven to move outwards, and the boom 2 and the transverse plate 40 at the rear end of the two-stage telescopic heavy-duty sliding rail 4 are simultaneously driven to move outwards. Then the second linear propeller 52 receives the overhanging starting signal, the front moving end 521 of the second linear propeller stretches out and stretches into place, the suspension arm 2 is pushed to move outwards under the front end of the suspension arm 2 under the guidance of the inner guide rail groove 45 of the two-stage telescopic heavy-load slide rail 4, the lifting hook 11 of the electric crane 1 is positioned on the upper side of the first packing box 8, and then the lifting hook 11 descends to hook the lifting ring 73 at the intersection position of the middle parts 71 of the two lifting steel wire ropes at the top of the first packing box 8 and ascends. The first linear pusher 51 receives the retraction start signal, the front moving end 511 of the first linear pusher is retracted into position, and then the front moving end 521 of the second linear pusher is retracted into position, at this time, the hook 11 lifts the first package box 8 completely into the compartment body 10 and is located near a longitudinal side wall 103 of the compartment body. The lifting hook 11 descends, the first packing box 8 accurately falls onto the preset position of the carriage body bottom plate 101 under the guidance of the four-angle external locking device 91, and the lifting hook 11 is lifted after being separated from the lifting ring 73 at the intersection of the middle parts of the two lifting steel wire ropes at the top of the first packing box 8.
B2 A boom 2 is moved transversely to a position remote from a longitudinal side wall 103 of the carriage body
The PLC controller signals and repeats step A5), and the traversing frame 60 traverses the boom longitudinal movement mechanism 5 into position away from a longitudinal side wall 103 of the car body.
B3 A second packing box 8 is arranged in the carriage body 10
The PLC controller signals and repeats step B1), and the second package 8 is loaded into the car body 10 and away from a longitudinal side wall 103 of the car body.
B4 A) the lock 91 locks the two packing cases 8
The PLC sends a signal, electromagnetic coils 912 in the lockers 91 arranged at four corners of the two packing boxes 8 are respectively powered off, electromagnetic force disappears, the front ends of the lock bolts 913 respectively extend outwards into corresponding packing box locking grooves 81 under the action of restoring force of the pressure springs 914, and the first packing box and the second packing box are locked, so that the operation that the two packing boxes 8 are lifted into the carriage body 10 is completed.
The boom longitudinal moving mechanism 5 and the boom transverse moving mechanism 6 can be manually operated in a power-off emergency state.
In addition to the above embodiments, other embodiments of the present invention are possible, and all technical solutions formed by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the present patent claims.
Claims (4)
1. The vehicle-mounted loading and unloading device comprises an electric crane, a suspension arm, two transition plates, a suspension arm transverse moving mechanism, a suspension rope mechanism, two packing boxes and a packing box locking mechanism, wherein the suspension arm is in a groove shape with a downward opening and is positioned between the lower side of the top wall of a carriage body and the top of the packing box, the electric crane is fixed on the lower side of the outer end of the suspension arm, and the end face of the transition plates is in an inverted L shape;
The suspension arm transverse moving mechanism is arranged below two ends of the top wall of the carriage body and comprises racks transversely arranged at the front end and the rear end of the top wall of the carriage body respectively, right-angle rod pieces positioned at two corners of the rear end of the suspension arm transverse moving mechanism and two ends of a transition plate respectively, and a suspension arm transverse moving driving mechanism, wherein the outer vertical side surfaces of the racks are respectively fixed at the inner lower sides of the corresponding right-angle rod pieces, the right-angle rod pieces are respectively fixed at the transverse two ends of the top wall of the carriage body, sliding rails are respectively fixed at the inner upper sides of the corresponding right-angle rod pieces, two ends of the transition plate far away from one side wall of the carriage body are respectively hinged with rolling wheels, and the rolling wheels are respectively embedded into the corresponding sliding rails; the gears are respectively fixed at two ends of the boom traversing driving mechanism, and the racks are meshed with the gears at the lower sides of the boom traversing driving mechanism;
the suspension arm transverse movement driving mechanism comprises a driving motor-speed reducer assembly, two transmission shafts and a plurality of bearing supporting seats, wherein the driving motor-speed reducer assembly is vertically fixed on a transition plate far away from one side wall of a carriage body through a fixed bracket, two ends of an output shaft of the speed reducer are respectively connected with one end of a corresponding transmission shaft through a coupler, the other end of the transmission shaft is respectively fixedly connected with a corresponding gear, and two ends of the transmission shaft which are horizontally arranged are respectively supported on the transition plate far away from one side wall of the carriage body through the bearing supporting seats; two ends of the two transition plates are respectively connected with the boom traversing mechanism to form a traversing frame; the lifting rope mechanism is arranged on the top of the packing box, and when the packing box is assembled and disassembled, the lifting hook at the lower side of the electric crane hooks the middle part of the lifting rope mechanism;
the lifting rope mechanism comprises two lifting steel wire ropes and four lifting lugs, the lifting lugs are respectively fixed on four corners of the top of the packaging box, two ends of each lifting steel wire rope are respectively connected with two opposite-angle lifting lugs on the top of the packaging box, the middle parts of the two lifting steel wire ropes are intersected to form an X shape, and the intersection parts of the two lifting steel wire ropes are sleeved in the lifting rings; when in hoisting, the lifting hook of the electric crane hooks the lifting ring at the intersection of the two steel wire ropes;
The packing box locking mechanism comprises packing box locking grooves respectively arranged at two sides of four corners of a packing box and a locker corresponding to the positions of the packing box locking grooves, the locker comprises a locker shell, an electromagnetic coil, a lock tongue and a pressure spring, the electromagnetic coil is positioned in the locker shell, the lock tongue is arranged in the electromagnetic coil, the pressure spring is positioned between the rear end of the lock tongue and the inner wall of the locker shell, and the locker shell is respectively fixed on a carriage body bottom plate; when the packing box is locked, the electromagnetic coil is powered off, and the front end of the lock tongue stretches into the corresponding packing box locking groove to lock the packing box under the drive of electromagnetic force;
The method is characterized in that: the two-stage telescopic heavy-duty sliding rail and the suspension arm longitudinal moving mechanism are respectively arranged between two sides of the suspension arm and the transition plate, the front ends of the two-stage telescopic heavy-duty sliding rail are respectively connected with two sides of the suspension arm, and the rear ends of the two-stage telescopic heavy-duty sliding rail are respectively and vertically fixedly connected with two ends of the transverse plate; the front end of the suspension arm longitudinal moving mechanism is connected with the front end of the suspension arm, and the rear end of the suspension arm longitudinal moving mechanism is fixedly connected with the transverse plate vertically; the rear end of the suspension arm longitudinal moving mechanism is positioned on the rear wall of the carriage body.
2. The vehicle-mounted loading and unloading device according to claim 1, wherein: the suspension arm longitudinal moving mechanism comprises two linear propellers which are respectively arranged on the inner sides of the corresponding transition plates in parallel, the rear fixed end of the first linear propeller is fixed below the rear end of the top wall of the carriage body, and the front moving end of the first linear propeller is hinged with the upper side of the front part of the middle plate of the two-stage telescopic heavy-load sliding rail; the rear fixed end of the second linear propeller is fixed on the inner side of one end of the transverse plate, and the front movable end of the second linear propeller is hinged with the front part of the suspension arm.
3. The vehicle-mounted loading and unloading device according to claim 1, wherein: the vertical plate of the lock housing on the side close to the package is bent outwards by a guiding bevel angle α, said α=30° to 40 °.
4. A loading and unloading method using the in-vehicle loading and unloading apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps of A, lifting and transporting the packing box out of a carriage body, B, lifting and transporting the packing box into the carriage body:
A. Packing box lifting carriage body
A1 Unlocking of packing box
Before the packing box is dismounted, a PLC controller of the transport vehicle sends a signal, electromagnetic coils in each locker at four corners of two packing boxes in a carriage body are respectively electrified to generate electromagnetic force, so that corresponding lock bolts are moved back into the electromagnetic coils, the pressure springs are pressed, the front ends of the lock bolts are moved back to be separated from corresponding packing box locking grooves, and the packing boxes are unlocked;
A2 Lifting the first packing box by lowering the lifting hook
Then the PLC controller sends a signal to start the electric crane, and the lifting hook descends to hook the lifting ring at the intersection of the middle parts of the two lifting steel wire ropes at the top of the first packing box; then the lifting hook ascends, and the bottom of the first packing box is separated from the carriage body bottom plate;
a3 First packing box is unloaded on the ground
The first linear propeller receives an overhanging signal sent by the PLC, the front moving end of the first linear propeller overhangs in place and pushes the middle plate of the two-stage telescopic heavy-load sliding rail to move outwards, so that the inner guide rail strips, the outer guide rail strips and the outer guide rail grooves which are fixed on two sides of the middle plate are simultaneously driven to move outwards, the suspension arm and the transverse plate at the rear end of the two-stage telescopic heavy-load sliding rail move outwards along with the outer guide rail strips, and the front part of a first packing box hung by the lifting hook of the electric crane below the front end of the suspension arm moves out of the carriage body; then, the front moving end of the second linear propeller extends outwards to push the suspension arm to move outwards under the guidance of the inner guide rail groove of the two-stage telescopic heavy-load slide rail, and the first packing box hung by the lifting hook moves out of the carriage body completely; then the lifting hook descends to enable the bottom surface of the first packing box to fall onto the ground; lifting and resetting after the lifting hook is separated from the two lifting steel wire ropes, and completing the unloading of the first packing box;
a4 Back-moving reset of suspension arm
The first linear propeller receives an inward-shrinking signal sent by the PLC controller, the front moving end of the first linear propeller is inward-shrunk in place, then the front moving end of the second linear propeller is inward-shrunk in place, and at the moment, the lifting hook returns to the middle part of the carriage body and is close to the starting position of the right longitudinal side wall of the carriage body;
A5 A boom is transversely moved to a position far away from a longitudinal side wall of the carriage body
The driving motor-speed reducer assembly of the suspension arm transverse moving driving mechanism receives a starting signal sent by the PLC controller, the driving motor-speed reducer assembly is started, two ends of an output shaft of the speed reducer respectively drive corresponding transmission shafts to rotate, gears at the ends of the transmission shafts synchronously rotate, and the transverse moving frame carries the suspension arm longitudinal moving mechanism to transversely move in place towards the longitudinal side wall direction of the carriage body;
a6 A second packing box is unloaded on the ground
The PLC controller sends a signal, and the step A3) and the step A4) are sequentially repeated to finish the unloading of the second packing box on the ground and the backward moving and resetting of the suspension arm;
B. The packing box is hoisted into the carriage body
B1 First packing box is filled in carriage body
The first linear propeller receives an overhanging starting signal sent by the PLC, the front moving end of the first linear propeller stretches outwards to push the middle plate of the two-stage telescopic heavy-load sliding rail to move outwards, so that the inner guide rail strips, the outer guide rail strips and the outer guide rail grooves which are fixed on two sides of the middle plate are simultaneously driven to move outwards, the suspension arm and the transverse plate at the rear end of the two-stage telescopic heavy-load sliding rail move outwards, then the second linear propeller receives the overhanging starting signal, the front moving end of the second linear propeller stretches outwards to push the suspension arm to move outwards to the position below the front end of the suspension arm under the guidance of the inner guide rail grooves of the two-stage telescopic heavy-load sliding rail, and the lifting hook of the electric crane is positioned on the upper side of the first packing box; then the lifting hook descends to hook the lifting ring at the intersection of the middle parts of the two lifting steel wire ropes at the top of the first packing box and then ascends; the first linear propeller receives the retraction starting signal, the front moving end of the first linear propeller is retracted in place firstly, then the front moving end of the second linear propeller is retracted in place, and at the moment, the first packing box hung by the lifting hook is completely lifted into the carriage body; the lifting hook descends, the first packing box accurately falls onto a preset position of the carriage body bottom plate under the guide of the four-corner external locking device, and the lifting hook ascends after being separated from the intersection point of the middle parts of the two hoisting steel wire ropes at the top of the first packing box;
B2 A boom is transversely moved to a position far away from a longitudinal side wall of the carriage body
The PLC controller sends a signal, the step A5) is repeated, and the traversing frame carries the boom longitudinal moving mechanism to traverse in place towards the direction far away from the longitudinal side wall of the carriage body;
B3 A second packing box is filled in the carriage packing box
The PLC controller sends a signal, and the step B1) is repeated, and the second packing box is arranged in the carriage body and is far away from a longitudinal side wall of the carriage body;
The PLC controller sends out signals, electromagnetic coils in the lockers arranged at four corners of the two packing boxes are respectively powered off, electromagnetic force disappears, the front ends of the lock bolts respectively extend outwards to enter corresponding packing box locking grooves under the action of restoring force of the pressure springs, and the first packing box and the second packing box are respectively locked, so that the operation that the two packing boxes are lifted into a carriage body is completed.
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| CN110588483B (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2024-01-26 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Integral carrier body of theodolite carrier |
| CN115195573B (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2024-03-19 | 江苏捷诚车载电子信息工程有限公司 | Unmanned aerial vehicle comprehensive guarantee transport vehicle |
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