CN109896844B - 通过增材制造技术制造由陶瓷材料制成的坯件的方法 - Google Patents

通过增材制造技术制造由陶瓷材料制成的坯件的方法 Download PDF

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CN109896844B
CN109896844B CN201811506469.7A CN201811506469A CN109896844B CN 109896844 B CN109896844 B CN 109896844B CN 201811506469 A CN201811506469 A CN 201811506469A CN 109896844 B CN109896844 B CN 109896844B
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CN109896844A (zh
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克里斯托夫·沙皮
里夏尔·盖尼翁
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SAS 3DCeram Sinto SAS
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Abstract

在立体成型机的工作平台(1)上，通过增材制造技术同时但分开地由相同的糊状光固化性陶瓷组合物制造：由生坯件的支撑件(2)和该支撑件上的生坯件构成的半成品组件，支撑件的自由表面带有生坯件的第一面部的印记；以及由陶瓷材料制成的坯件构成的半成品成形器(4)，该半成品成形器的自由表面带有生坯件的与第一面部相对的第二面部的印记；在窑炉中，将由此获得的半成品组件放置在由此获得的半成品成形器(4)上，该半成品成形器的印记转动成向上，该半成品组件的生坯件转动成向下，以使该生坯件接收在成形器(4)的印记中，并且使由此保持在成形器(4)和支撑件(2)之间的生坯件进行脱脂和烧结。

Description

通过增材制造技术制造由陶瓷材料制成的坯件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种通过增材制造技术制造由陶瓷材料制成的坯件的方法，这样的生坯件用于进行脱脂和烧结操作，以获得成品陶瓷件。
背景技术
用于获得这样的生坯件的增材制造技术也称为立体成型，通常包括下述步骤：
-通过计算机辅助设计构建要制造的坯件的计算机模型，这样的模型的尺寸略微大于要制造的坯件的尺寸，以预防陶瓷在坯件的烧制(脱脂和烧结)期间的收缩；以及
-通过增材制造技术制造坯件，根据该技术：
-在工作平台上形成第一层光固化性组合物，该光固化性组合物通常包含至少一种陶瓷材料、至少一种光固化性单体和/或低聚物、至少一种光引发剂，并且必要时包含至少一种增塑剂和/或至少一种溶剂和/或至少一种分散剂；
-根据由第一层的模型所限定的图案通过辐照(通过对所述层的自由表面进行激光扫描或通过二极管投射系统)使第一层光固化性组合物固化，形成第一级；
-在第一级上形成第二层光固化性组合物；
-根据针对第二层限定的图案通过辐照固化第二层光固化性组合物，形成第二级，这样的辐照像对第一层进行的辐照那样进行；
-可选地，重复上述步骤以获得生坯件。
然后，如上所述，为了获得成品件，对生坯件进行清洁，以除去未固化的组合物；对清洁后的生坯件进行脱脂；并且对清洁和脱脂后的生坯件进行烧结，以获得成品件。
在下文中，通过参照铸芯(foundry core)来描述用于制造陶瓷件的现有技术，这样的铸芯仅代表能够通过根据本发明的方法制造的陶瓷件的一个例子。
用于制造铸芯的技术状况
铸芯能够在(1)处于没有任何支撑的立式位置、(2)没有任何支撑的卧式位置或(3)支撑件上的倾斜位置时进行制造。
(1)立式制造或高位制造允许在立体成型机的工作平台上同时制造许多铸芯。为了使芯稳定在它们的立式位置，需要通过将由支柱构成的支撑物附接到其上来改变它们，所述支撑物应该在烧结工艺之后通过切割被除去。
在立式制造期间，在通过糊状工艺进行的制造模式的情况下，芯在糊料刮削应力下可能容易变形/损坏。这样的风险由于卷曲现象而加剧，根据卷曲现象，由于重大的激光功率导致聚合期间过于重大的交联，平坦表面弯曲。当刮削装置通过时，正在制造的坯件可能会翻倒。该卷曲现象在附图的图3中示出：
在这样的图3中，在左侧部分示意性示出了立体成型机的刮削装置R以及在立式制造的铸芯NF，所述刮削装置使每一层糊状光固化性陶瓷材料铺开。刮削方向由箭头F表示，铺开糊料由水平虚线表示。应施加刮削应力的位置被圆圈c1围着，应发生卷曲现象的位置被圆圈c2围着。
图3在右侧部分示出的卷曲导致在刮削装置R通过时正在制造的坯件翻倒。
由于上述原因，因此能够同时制造许多芯而在制造期间不需要支撑件的立式制造是时间长且有风险的制造。
(2)根据定义，卧式制造不如立式制造高，因此需要较少的时间。此外，要添加到坯件的支撑物的数量会更少，甚至不需要支撑物。
然而，使用立体成型机的工作平台制造的铸芯的小附着表面区域可能导致芯在制造时不再牢固附着并滑动。这就是附图的图4所示的内容：
在这样的图4中，左侧部分与图3一样示出了铸芯NF，但是这次铸芯制造时处于卧式位置。鉴于小的附着表面区域(由圆圈c3和c4表示)，在图4的右侧部分可以看出，芯NF相对于其初始位置进行了滑动。
(3)当在支撑件上倾斜地制造芯时，包括相对于立体成型机的平台倾斜的上方面部的支撑件与芯同时制造。由于这样的倾斜，支撑件承受刮削应力，与立式和卧式制造不同，既观察不到翻倒也观察不到滑动，并且与立式制造相比制造时间减少。
支撑件的表面带有铸芯的面部的印记，因此，这导致在制造期间几乎没有变形并且几乎没有要添加的结合至芯的支撑物。
制造是在低激光功率、特别是小于150mW下进行的，因此，这导致形成刚性低的部件，并且没有卷曲。
在计算机辅助设计期间，为了制造支撑件：
-将芯的一个面部转印到支撑件的倾斜表面上，以形成印记；
-在该表面上进行在XYZ方向上的A微米的移位操作或“偏移”操作，例如“A”在XYZ上是400微米；并且
-然后，将芯放置在Z上的B微米(例如B能够为135微米)加上针对糊料及涉及到的参数所测得的聚合深度的距离处。聚合深度是通过激光经过所聚合的糊料深度。聚合深度取决于所使用的糊料以及所使用的激光参数：功率、阴影间隙、激光扫描速度。为了制造由氧化铝制成的芯，聚合深度“B”为约125微米。
附图中的图5和图6示出了在支撑件S上倾斜地制造芯NF，印记由字母“E”表示。
支撑件相对于工作平台的倾斜角α通常在1°和45°之间，更优选地在15°和25°之间，最优选为20°。
用于烧制铸芯的技术状况
将根据上述(1)和(2)在没有任何支撑的情况下获得的铸芯在砂中在通常约1300℃的温度下烧制，该砂：
-允许芯周围的温度均匀化和压力均衡，在高温下保持坯件的形状，从而避免变形；
-允许通过毛细现象抽吸其中的有机材料。
然而，半成品铸芯必须是刚性的，以避免在砂中在室温和低温下变形。然而，只有在高激光功率下才能获得半成品状态下的高刚度，这可能导致上述“卷曲”现象。
使用这样的技术和刚度不够的铸芯，有关尺寸的差异例如是±0.8毫米至1.2毫米。
为了烧制在支撑件上的芯，将半成品铸芯放置在支撑件的印记上，这限制了铸芯的下方面部的变形，因为在这样的面部上控制了烧制的蠕变。然而，没有防止芯的上方面部变形，该上方面部仍然会进行不受控的蠕变，然后如附图的图7所示，芯能够弯曲。利用这种技术，关于尺寸的差异例如是±0.4毫米至0.6毫米。
发明内容
本发明的目的是解决与刚刚提出的技术相关的问题，以便提供一种方法，该方法允许制造符合尺寸的由陶瓷材料制成的坯件，特别是由陶瓷材料制成的铸芯，同时避免在制造、清洁和/或烧制期间坯件的任何变形。
为此，根据本发明，提供了在芯的支撑件上制造芯，并同时制造称为“成形器”的坯件，该坯件一旦被制成在其上方面部中具有芯的面部的印记，芯的该面部与与形成在支撑件中的印记配合的面部相对。
支撑件、芯和成形器由相同的材料制成。
在烧制期间，翻转成形器以便将芯放置在其上，然后将支撑件放置在芯上，从而将芯夹在支撑件和成形器之间。由于支撑件和成形器施加的压力，芯保持正确的形状。在支撑件上制造芯，该芯可以具有低刚度，因此能够在不断裂的情况下变形。芯在烧结后保持其尺寸。
因此，本发明的主题是一种通过增材制造技术或立体成型制造由陶瓷材料制成的坯件的方法，将坯件由光固化性陶瓷组合物形成为半成品状态，然后进行脱脂和烧结操作，所述光固化性陶瓷组合物包括陶瓷粉末和有机部分，该有机部分在脱脂期间能够被加热破坏掉并且包括至少一种光固化性单体和/或低聚物和至少一种光引发剂，
所述方法的特征在于：
-在立体成型机的工作平台上，通过增材制造技术同时但分开地由相同的糊状光固化性陶瓷组合物制造：
-由生坯件的支撑件和该支撑件上的该生坯件构成的半成品组件，支撑件的自由表面带有生坯件的第一面部的印记，在支撑件中形成的印记具有在XYZ上移位但相当于生坯件的第一面部的表面，以允许其被接收在支撑件中并且用糊状材料填充二者之间的间隔，糊状材料能够在一旦形成半成品组件就被除去；以及
-由陶瓷材料制成的坯件构成的半成品成形器，该半成品成形器的自由表面带有生坯件的与第一面部相对的第二面部的印记，在成形器中形成的印记具有在XYZ上移位但相当于生坯件的第二面部的表面，以允许其接收在成形器中；
-在烘炉中，将由此获得的半成品组件放置在由此获得的半成品成形器上，半成品成形器的印记转动成向上，半成品组件的生坯件转动成向下，以使生坯件接收在成形器的印记中，并且使由此保持在成形器和支撑件之间的生坯件进行脱脂和烧结，支撑件和成形器的印记使得坯件在脱脂和烧结操作期间完全封闭在它们之间。
光固化性陶瓷组合物通过激光或UV源进行光固化。
可烧结的陶瓷材料尤其选自氧化铝(Al2O3)、氧化锆(ZrO2)、氧化铝增韧氧化锆、氧化锆增韧氧化铝、锆石(ZrSiO4)、二氧化硅(SiO2)、羟基磷灰石、锆石-二氧化硅(ZrSiO4+SiO2)、氮化硅、(双)磷酸三钙(TCP)、氮化铝、碳化硅、堇青石和莫来石。这样的材料具有抗热冲击性。
支撑件的印记可有利地对应于生坯件的第一面部的在XYZ上移位100至600微米的表面。成形器的印记可有利地对应于生坯件的第二面部的在XYZ上移位20至80微米的表面。在这样的情况下，成形器的表面更接近坯件的表面。通过将坯件放置在成形器上并将支撑件放置在其顶部上，该坯件在成形器的面部上被压缩，成形器的该面部比支撑件的面部更“准确”。
在烧制期间(在约1300℃的温度下)，支撑件、坯件和成形器由于由相同的材料制成，因此具有相同的收缩。
利用根据本发明的方法，关于尺寸的差异可以减小至±0.2毫米。
有利地，生坯件在支撑件上倾斜地制造，支撑件相对于平台的倾斜角在1°和45°之间，优选地在15°和25°之间，特别优选为20°。
可以通过至少一个孔穿过支撑件而形成支撑件，该至少一个孔通向支撑件的印记并允许溶剂穿过，以便在形成支撑件-生坯件组件之后除去未固化的糊状材料。这样的孔可以是具有圆形截面的孔，例如，直径在2和8毫米之间，例如，4毫米。
有利地，提供了有利地分布在整个支撑件上的多个孔。
因此，在清洁位于生坯件的支撑件中的生坯件以除去包括在生坯件与支撑件之间的糊料时，操作者可以使清洁溶剂穿过这样的孔，然后要除去的糊料开始部分溶解，促进生坯件的分离。
支撑件可以形成为在其与带有生坯件的印记的壁相对的壁中具有至少一个空腔，当支撑件处于烧制位置时，该一个或多个空腔可能要填充压载材料，例如砂或珠状物。
当这样的压载材料放置在支撑件的空腔中时，由于支撑件在烧制过程中位于生坯件上，这样的压载材料允许在生坯件上提供额外的压力，以便控制其蠕变。如果希望仅控制生坯件在某些区域的蠕变，则空腔的形状和数量可以变化并且可以不均等地填充空腔。
在支撑件中形成清洁孔的情况下，不用说应堵住这些孔以施加额外的压力，或者如果珠状物用作压载材料，则其直径应大于清洁孔的截面。
因此，在空腔未填充压载材料且提供清洁孔的情况下，这些孔在烧制期间用作通道以促进有机材料的排出。
支撑件和生坯件和/或平台和支撑件可以通过防卷曲立柱连接，防卷曲立柱在制造期间形成在生坯件的倾向于卷曲的区域中，立柱的直径可以在50和800微米之间，更优选在300和400微米之间。当将生坯件与其支撑件分离时，这种防止平坦表面弯曲的立柱会断裂。
根据本发明的方法的第一实施方式，在制造步骤中，形成连续的光固化性陶瓷组合物层，每次根据先前由光固化性陶瓷组合物层的模型所限定的图案通过辐照使该光固化性陶瓷组合物层固化，并且在制造步骤之后将半成品组件和半成品成形器进行清洁步骤，以除去未固化的光固化性组合物，特别是使生坯件与其支撑件分离。
根据本发明的方法的第二实施方式，在制造步骤中，进行下述步骤以形成支撑件-生坯件组件的中空部分，特别是在支撑件和坯件之间形成间隔并在坯件内形成中空部分：
-从经固化的至少一个光固化性陶瓷组合物层的上表面通过加工在该经固化的至少一个光固化性陶瓷组合物层中形成至少一个凹部；
-在一个或多个凹部中沉积以用牺牲有机材料填充该一个或多个凹部，所述牺牲有机材料能够被固化并在脱脂期间能够被加热破坏掉；以及
-固化牺牲有机材料以获得与附近的经固化的陶瓷组合物层处于同一水平的坚硬的水平表面，
每次形成一个或多个凹部时，该一个或多个凹部根据先前由计算机模型限定的一个或多个图案来界定，并且其深度被选择为确保要制造的坯件的连续性，并且
一旦固化层被层叠起来，就获得支撑件-生坯件组件，该支撑件-生坯件组件能够进行清洁操作以除去一个或多个未固化的部分，生坯件在脱脂期间与其支撑件分离。
牺牲有机材料有利地包含在用于形成坯件、但没有一种或多种陶瓷材料的光固化性组合物中。
根据本发明的方法的特定的实施方式，在制造步骤中，一方面形成支撑件/生坯件/(支撑件/生坯件)n层叠物，n为诸如1、2、3的整数，并且另一方面形成成形器，并且在烧制步骤中形成成形器/生坯件/支撑件/(生坯件/支撑件)n层叠物，每个支撑件的相对的面部用于与带有一个印记和另一个印记的生坯件配合，所述的一个印记是生坯件的一个面部的印记，所述的另一个印记是所述生坯件的相对面部的印记。
例如，通过根据本发明的方法获得的生坯件是铸芯。
附图说明
为了更好地说明本发明的主题，下面将参照附图通过举例而非限制的方式描述若干特定的实施方式。
在附图中：
-图1和图2分别是具有复杂而精确的形状和光滑表面的铸芯的简化的示意图，这样的芯用于铸造涡轮叶片；
-图3是说明卷曲现象的图，该现象可以在芯的已知的立式制造中观察到；
-图4是说明芯的分离和滑动现象的图，该现象在某些情况下可以观察到，例如，当辐照能量变得过高时；
-图5是具有倾斜上表面的支撑件和铸芯的分解立体示意图，该铸芯用于放置在支撑件的形成在倾斜上表面中的印记上；
-图6是对应于图5的视图，其中芯放置在其支撑件上；
-图7从侧面示出了具有倾斜表面的支撑件，该倾斜表面形成接收铸芯的印记，由于在生坯件的上方面部上的不受控的蠕变，该铸芯在烧制期间弯曲；
-图8以立体图示出了根据本发明的立体成型机的制造平台，在该制造平台上同时制造支撑件-坯件组件和成形器。
-图9是表示该坯件和成形器的分解立体图；
-图10和图11是支撑件、坯件和成形器处于倒置位置的分解立体图；
-图12是坯件在其支撑件上的侧面剖视图；
-图13示出了用于烧制的支撑件、坯件和成形器的定位；
-图14在其左侧部分示出了根据本发明的特定实施方式制造的支撑件的后方面部，并且在其右侧部分以分解图示出了在其前部观察的支撑件以及坯件；
-图15是具有图14的支撑件的类似于图13的右侧部分的视图；
-图16A示出了大体如图14的右侧部分所示的支撑件，但是该支撑件是根据变型制造的；以及
-图16B以较大比例示出了图16A的细节视图，其构成了所讨论的变型。
具体实施方式
当参照图5时，可以看出以分解图示出了支撑件S和铸芯NF。支撑件S具有上表面，该上表面相对于水平面倾斜角度α，并在该上表面中形成有用于铸芯NF的下方面部的印记E。
对于支撑件S的CAD制造，铸芯NF的下表面被转印到支撑件S的倾斜面部上，以产生印记E；在这样的面部上进行在XYZ上的“偏移”操作，即在方向X、Y、Z上的移位(例如400微米)；然后，将铸芯放置在Z上的一定距离处或支撑件S与铸芯的下方面部之间的间隔中，该距离或间隔可以是135微米加上聚合深度，聚合深度是将通过激光束经过所聚合的糊料深度。聚合深度取决于所使用的糊料以及激光参数：功率、阴影间隙、激光扫描速度。为了制造由氧化铝制成的铸芯，聚合深度通常为125微米或约125微米。
图6示出了铸芯NF在其支撑件S上就位。
图7示出了，在烧制期间，铸芯NF由于其上方面部的不受控的蠕变而弯曲。
图8示出了根据本发明的立体成型机的制造平台1，在该制造平台上同时制造：
-支撑件2-铸芯3的组件；以及
-成形器4。
因此，根据本发明的成形器4紧挨着支撑件2和铸芯3制造。制造的铸芯3-支撑件2的组合仅使用一次，在制造铸芯3时不起作用。它允许处理和烧制铸芯3，而没有变形或断裂。
在图9中可以看出，成形器4采取与具有倾斜面部的支撑件2相同的形式，倾斜面部中形成有用于铸芯3的上方面部的印记4a。
对于成形器4的CAD制造，铸芯3的上表面被转印到成形器4的倾斜面部上，以便形成印记4a；在这样的面部上进行XYZ上的“偏移”操作，即在方向X、Y、Z上的移位(例如50微米)，该偏移不如用于支撑件2的偏移重要。因此，成形器4的表面更接近铸芯3的表面。
图10和图11以分解图在两个不同的方向示出：
-支撑件2及其用于芯的下方面部的印记2a(可在图10中看到)；
-铸芯3；
-成形器4及其用于铸芯的上方面部的印记4a(可在图11中看到)。
可以看出，根据本发明的包括烧制成形器4的这样的构造允许铸芯3在清洁和处理时受到支撑件2和成形器4二者的保护，缓解了铸芯3在这样的步骤期间的变形。
图12以较大比例示出了铸芯3在其支撑件2上制造期间的剖视图，在该视图中有意夸大了支撑件2和铸芯3的下方面部之间的间隔。这样的间隔如参照图5时所述。
如图13所示，对于烧制，铸芯3通过脱脂与其支撑件2分离，并且以夹紧在成形器4和支撑件2之间的方式烧结，如图13的右侧部分所示，成形器4在下面，铸芯3放置在成形器上，并且支撑件2放置在铸芯3上。
由于支撑件2和成形器4施加的压力，因此铸芯保持正确的形状。
通过将铸芯3放置在成形器4上并将支撑件2放置在铸芯的顶部上，铸芯3在成形器4的面部上被压缩，该面部比支撑件2的面部更“精确”。
由于三个部件2、3和4由相同的材料制成而具有相同的收缩，因此铸芯3在烧结后保持其尺寸。
使用这样的技术，关于尺寸的差异被减小至0.2毫米左右。
此外，使用这样的技术，刚度低的坯件可以变形而不断裂。
在参照图14时，可以看出，支撑件2根据包括孔5的变型制成，孔5在多个位置穿过支撑件，通向印记2a。这样的孔5的直径可以在2和8毫米之间，例如为4毫米。
在清洁时，操作者可以使清洁溶剂穿过这样的孔5，包括在铸芯3和支撑件2之间的糊料开始部分溶解，促进铸芯3的分离。
此外，在图14和图15中可以看出，支撑件2可以根据另一种变型制成，该变型在其与倾斜表面相对的、且旨在烧制期间位于其顶部的表面包括空腔6(图15)，这里空腔为6个并具有方形形状，用于在烧制期间接收珠状物或砂，以在铸芯3上提供额外的压力，由此控制铸芯3在烧制期间的蠕动。
图14和图15所示的支撑件2还包括孔5，其通向空腔6的底部。
插入空腔6中的珠状物的直径应大于孔5的直径。如果使用砂或较小的珠状物，应该堵住孔5。
空腔6的形状和数量可以变化。如果希望仅控制铸芯3在其某些区域的蠕动，则可以不均等地填充空腔6。
如果清洁孔5在烧结期间保持畅通的，那么它们可以用作通道以促进有机材料的排出。
现在，参照图16A和图16B时可以看出，示出了支撑件2的变型，其在印记2a的底部包括具有抗卷曲立柱7的区域，这样的立柱连接制造的铸芯3和支撑件2，并用于防止铸芯3的平坦表面弯曲。它们的直径可以在50和800微米之间，特别是在300和400微米之间。当铸芯3与支撑件2分离时，立柱7断裂。
在图10和图11以及图13(右侧部分)中可以看出，成形器4在其基部具有支撑件2的空腔6的类型的空腔。成形器4中所示的这样的空腔仅具有限制陶瓷厚度的功能，以便促进烧制。这里，它们是可选的。

Claims (11)

1.一种通过增材制造技术或立体成型制造由陶瓷材料制成的坯件的方法，将所述坯件由光固化性陶瓷组合物形成为半成品状态，然后进行脱脂和烧结操作，所述光固化性陶瓷组合物包括陶瓷粉末和有机部分，该有机部分在脱脂期间能够被加热破坏掉并且包括至少一种光固化性单体和/或低聚物和至少一种光引发剂，
所述方法的特征在于：
-在立体成型机的工作平台(1)上，通过增材制造技术同时但分开地由相同的糊状光固化性陶瓷组合物制造：
-由生坯件的支撑件(2)和该支撑件(2)上的该生坯件构成的半成品组件，所述支撑件(2)的自由表面带有所述生坯件的第一面部的印记(2a)，在所述支撑件中形成的所述印记(2a)具有在方向X、Y和Z上移位但相当于所述生坯件的第一面部的表面，以允许其被接收在所述支撑件(2)中并且用糊状材料填充二者之间的间隔，所述糊状材料能够在一旦形成所述半成品组件就被除去；以及
-由陶瓷材料制成的坯件构成的半成品成形器(4)，所述半成品成形器的自由表面带有所述生坯件的与第一面部相对的第二面部的印记(4a)，在所述成形器(4)中形成的所述印记(4a)具有在方向X、Y和Z上移位但相当于所述生坯件的第二面部的表面，以允许其接收在所述成形器(4)中；
-在烘炉中，将由此获得的半成品组件放置在由此获得的半成品成形器(4)上，所述半成品成形器的印记(4a)转动成向上，所述半成品组件的所述生坯件转动成向下，以使所述生坯件接收在所述成形器(4)的印记(4a)中，并且使由此保持在所述成形器(4)和所述支撑件(2)之间的所述生坯件进行脱脂和烧结，所述支撑件和所述成形器的印记(2a；4a)使得坯件在脱脂和烧结操作期间完全封闭在它们之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述支撑件(2)的印记(2a)对应于所述生坯件的第一面部的在方向X、Y和Z上移位100至600微米的表面。
3.根据权利要求1和2中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述成形器(4)的印记(4a)对应于所述生坯件的第二面部的在方向X、Y和Z上移位20至80微米的表面。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述支撑件(2)上倾斜地制造所述生坯件，所述支撑件相对于所述平台(1)的倾斜角在15°至25°之间。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述支撑件(2)形成为由至少一个孔(5)穿过，所述至少一个孔(5)通向所述支撑件的印记(2a)并允许溶剂穿过，以便在形成支撑件-生坯件组件之后除去未固化的糊状材料，所述孔能够是具有圆形截面的孔，该孔的直径在2至8毫米之间。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述支撑件(2)形成为在其与带有所述生坯件的印记(2a)的壁相对的壁中具有至少一个空腔(6)，当所述支撑件(2)处于烧制位置时，所述一个或多个空腔(6)能够填充压载材料。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述支撑件(2)和所述生坯件和/或所述平台(1)和所述支撑件(2)通过防卷曲立柱(7)连接，所述防卷曲立柱(7)在制造期间形成在所述生坯件的倾向于卷曲的区域中，所述立柱(7)的直径能够在50和800微米之间。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在制造步骤中，形成连续的光固化性陶瓷组合物层，每次根据先前由光固化性陶瓷组合物层的模型所限定的图案通过辐照使该光固化性陶瓷组合物层固化，并且在制造步骤之后使所述半成品组件和所述半成品成形器(4)进行清洁步骤，以除去未固化的光固化性组合物，使所述生坯件与其支撑件(2)分离。
9.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在制造步骤中，进行下述步骤以形成支撑件-生坯件组件的中空部分，在所述支撑件和所述坯件之间形成间隔并且在所述坯件内形成中空部分：
-从经固化的至少一个光固化性陶瓷组合物层的上表面通过加工在该经固化的至少一个光固化性陶瓷组合物层中形成至少一个凹部；
-在所述一个或多个凹部中沉积以用牺牲有机材料填充所述一个或多个凹部，所述牺牲有机材料能够被固化并在脱脂期间能够被加热破坏掉；以及
-固化所述牺牲有机材料以获得与附近的经固化的陶瓷组合物层处于同一水平的坚硬的水平表面，
每次形成一个或多个凹部时，该一个或多个凹部根据先前由计算机模型限定的一个或多个图案来界定，并且其深度被选择为确保要制造的坯件的连续性，并且
一旦固化层被层叠起来，就获得支撑件-生坯件组件，该支撑件-生坯件组件能够进行清洁操作以除去一个或多个未固化的部分，所述生坯件在脱脂期间与其支撑件分离。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在制造步骤中，一方面形成支撑件/生坯件/(支撑件/生坯件)n层叠物，n为诸如1、2、3的整数，并且另一方面形成成形器，并且在烧制步骤中形成成形器/生坯件/支撑件/(生坯件/支撑件)n层叠物，每个支撑件的相对的面部用于与带有一个印记和另一个印记的生坯件配合，所述的一个印记是所述生坯件的一个面部的印记，所述的另一个印记是所述生坯件的相对面部的印记。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，生坯件是铸芯。
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