CN109892313A - A kind of agricultural organic waste heap stirs sterilizing pesticide method and application - Google Patents
A kind of agricultural organic waste heap stirs sterilizing pesticide method and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of agricultural organic waste heaps to stir sterilizing pesticide method and its application, belongs to technical field of plant protection.It include: 1) to select existing vertical full mixing and blending machine, it is spare after the auger of blender is improved；2) agricultural organic waste is added to the accumulation for forming certain altitude in blender barrel, starts blender, organic waste is warming up to 40-80 DEG C, and remain stable；3) 10-200 revs/min of revolving speed of blender auger is adjusted, blender operates 1.5-2h.The present invention, which has been overturned, kills agricultural organic waste carrying germ and worm's ovum using traditional biological fermentation technique, simplifying processing method, improve efficiency, heap stirs sterilizing pesticide processing agricultural organic waste and does not generate exhaust gas, waste water and solid waste, it is free from environmental pollution, for subsequent recycling, Fertilizer Transformed and matrixing etc. using providing convenience.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of plant protection, and in particular to a kind of agricultural organic waste heap stirs sterilizing pesticide method
And application.
Background technique
Agricultural organic waste mainly includes planting industry waste, Stock raising waste and agricultural product preliminary working waste
Mainly there are crop waste stalk, fruits and vegetables tendril, outer leaf rotten leaf, branch stalk stick core etc. Deng, planting industry waste；Stock raising waste
Mainly there are feces of livestock and poultry, washer waste material etc.；Agricultural product preliminary working waste, such as husk wheat bran, bamboo shoot shell bamboo shoot leaf, fruits and vegetables are peeled.
China is agricultural production big country, and agricultural organic waste is resourceful, agricultural organic waste organic matter and nutrient
Abundant, the resource utilization of agricultural organic waste, especially chemurgy are utilized for reducing the dependence to chemical fertilizer, reduce environment
Pollution, developing ecology circular agriculture, improves agricultural production conditions and life in the countryside is all significant.
But agricultural organic waste carries a large amount of microorganism, including pathogenic microorganisms and pathogenic worm, micro- life of causing a disease
Object not only has various pathogenic mycelium, there are also various spores and by mycelium and the molecular bacterium bag of spore；Pathogenic worm not only has
Adult, larva, there are also the worm's ovums of various forms.It is utilized in agricultural resources, especially the sterilizing before agricultural reutilization utilization
Deinsectization is essential technology and process procedure.
Traditional agricultural organic waste sterilizing deinsectization technique mainly ferments, and waste stacking or pond ferment utilize
The self-contained microorganism of waste connects mixed microbial inoculum product, promotes waste heap and ferment using the growth and activity of microorganism
Pond heating, sterilize deinsectization.Need to ferment when fermentation place, fermentation time, corollary equipment (including but not limited to pulverizer, mashing
Machine, blender, turning machine etc.).Industrialization agricultural organic waste fermentation and sterilization desinsection is limited because being grown by microorganism,
So that waste fermentation time longer (southern summer high temperature season 7-15 days, north of china in winter low temperature need 6-12 months), place
Area is big, corollary equipment investment is big etc..The most key is that waste sterilizing pesticide effect after fermentation is unstable, so that
The product for agriculture prepared using fermentation wastes is nonstandard.
In summary, traditional zymotic sterilizing pesticide can not achieve scale and standardized industrial production and business development.
Up to now, the correlative study that agricultural organic waste germ and worm's ovum are killed in relation to abiotic fermentation is had no
And technological invention, in face of the development of China rural area, beautiful rural national strategy demand, circular agriculture, the ecological agriculture and lasting agriculture
The production actual demand of industry, a kind of non-ferment formula-pressure of agricultural organic waste stirs sterilizing pesticide technology, method and its application seem pole
It is urgent.
Summary of the invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, what the present invention designed is designed to provide a kind of agricultural organic waste heap
The technical solution of sterilizing pesticide method and application is stirred, which, which has overturned, kills agricultural using traditional biological fermentation technique and have
Machine waste carries germ and worm's ovum, simplifying processing method, improves efficiency, and heap stirs sterilizing pesticide and handles agriculture organic waste
Gurry does not generate exhaust gas, waste water and solid waste, free from environmental pollution, is subsequent recycling, Fertilizer Transformed and matrixing etc. sharp
With providing convenience.
The present invention is realized by the following technical programs:
A kind of agricultural organic waste heap stirs sterilizing pesticide method, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
1) existing vertical full mixing and blending machine is selected, it is spare after the auger of blender is improved；
2) agricultural organic waste is added to the accumulation for forming certain altitude in blender barrel, starts blender, it will be organic
Waste is warming up to 40-80 DEG C, and remains stable；
3) 10-200 revs/min of revolving speed of blender auger is adjusted, blender operates 1.5-2h.
A kind of agricultural organic waste heap stirs sterilizing pesticide method, it is characterised in that the improvement of blender auger is
Refer to that auger is in upright cone-shaped, installation of spiraling on auger twists leaf, is equipped with several outer rim blades on the strand leaf, the blade is in
Strip, each blade distance stir barrel wall 0-10.0cm, the strand leaf arc angle under auger overlooking state, between adjacent knife blades
Degree is 5-60 °, and the leaf width degree and the ratio of blade lengths of twisting is 1:9-1:5, and the height of the barrel bucket of blender is 1.5-
10m。
A kind of agricultural organic waste heap stirs sterilizing pesticide method, it is characterised in that step 2 organic waste adds
It is added to and forms the accumulation of certain altitude in blender barrel and refer to that organic waste is added to barrel top edge 50cm, using discarded
Object own wt forms the pressure for auger, twisting leaf and barrel barrel, makes waste and auger surface, twists leaf surface and agitator
Inner wall is combined closely, and by circulation of the auger rotational agitation waste in agitator from the bottom to top, from inside to outside, passes through pressure
The mycelium that waste carries is torn up inactivation, spore core and bacterium spore and rubs scattered inactivation, the broken mistake of worm's ovum extruding stranding by mechanical friction
It is living；The operating of certain time length, auger and the temperature for twisting leaf surface rise to form higher temperature to waste carrying germ worm's ovum
With killing effect.
A kind of agricultural organic waste heap stirs sterilizing pesticide method, it is characterised in that the blade distance barrel away from
From for 0-5cm, preferably 0-3cm, more preferable 0-0.5cm.
A kind of agricultural organic waste heap stirs sterilizing pesticide method, it is characterised in that the strand leaf arc between adjacent knife blades
Angle is 5-30 °, preferably 5-15 °, more preferable 5-10 °.
A kind of agricultural organic waste heap stirs sterilizing pesticide method, it is characterised in that twists leaf width degree and blade lengths
Ratio be 1:9-4:6, preferably 1:9-3:7, more preferable 1:9-2:8.
A kind of agricultural organic waste heap stirs sterilizing pesticide method, it is characterised in that machine waste is warming up to 50-
70 DEG C, preferably 55-70 DEG C, more preferable 60-70 DEG C.
A kind of agricultural organic waste heap stirs sterilizing pesticide method, it is characterised in that blender barrel height 2-
8m, preferably 3-6m.
The material that a kind of described in any item agricultural organic waste heaps stir the preparation of sterilizing pesticide method is provided in agricultural production
Expect the application in matrix, organic fertilizer, compound organic and inorganic fertilizer and soil conditioner.
Vertical full mixing and blending machine (TMR, Total mixed ratios): being agricultural organic waste and micro to match
Material, the novel device sufficiently mixed as desired, to reach complete production and processing purpose.Vertical full mixing and blending machine is with height
The electronic weighing system of precision can be calculated accurately.The permanent 3-22 cubic meter series up to Machinery Co., Ltd.'s production in Qingdao
The vertical full mixing and blending machine of TMR, the high-performance auger driven using variable displacement hydraulic motor, is allowed to synchronize to stir to cut and (note: is directed to
Different length organic waste can be mixed while be shredded) and speed can be adjusted automatically by the loading of equipment, tie
It closes program-controlled liquid to bear down on one knife system, it is ensured that the high quality of standard is mixed and fragmentation, while control material heats up and keeps according to demand
Steady temperature.
Plant pathogen: Plant pathogen is to infect to parasitize plant and lead to infectious disease
Biology.The mostly non-obligate parasite of heterotroph.It is not the decision to form plant disease though pathogen has pathogenecity
Factor is less unique factor.It can cause to fall ill, it is mutual to further depend on host plant, pathogen and environmental condition three
The result of effect.Known pathogenic object mainly has: fungi, a kind of important eukaryotic microorganisms.Generally branch or regardless of
The filamentous of branch.Some have diaphragm in mycelia, and mycelia is divided into multiple cells；Without chloroplaset and chlorophyll, majority tool is thin
Cell wall.Some fungies are unicellular, cell-free wall.It is all heterotroph, it is parasitic (being mostly facultative parasitism in addition to minority) or saprophytic.Have
Two kinds of modess of reproduction of vegetative propagation and sexual propagation.Vegetative propagation mainly generate sporangiospore (the tool flagellum having, can move about,
Claim zoospore) or conidium (the external spore generated from mycelium or on conidiophore that mycelium is differentiated to form
Son), it is more typical with the latter.Zoogamy can produce various sexual spores, wherein there is the ovum for the formation that directly mates by gametocyst
Spore and zygosperm have the basidiospore for generating the ascospore in ascus or being formed in load.The history of life of fungi wraps
Include the alternation of generations process of asexual reproductive phase and sexual reproductive phase.The asexual spore that imperfect stage generates can continuous several times production
It is raw, it is the cause of disease of plant disease epidemics；Perfect stage, which mostly occurs, infects the later period in disease fungus or after suspend mode, sexual spore
Son only generates once, mostly the source of disease First aggression.Fungi can penetrate plant cuticula and epidermis and cause a disease.Nosomycosis is
Most a kind of diseases, every kind of crop have several fungal diseases in plant disease, more up to tens kinds.It common are black powder
Disease, rust, powdery mildew and downy mildew etc..But some fungies have antagonism to other pathogens；Some colonize in other cause of diseases
On object or insect, there is certain influence to the growth and decline of pathogen in nature and pest.Bacterium, a kind of lesser protokaryon are unicellular micro-
Biology.It can the types such as bulb separation bacterium, bacillus, spirillum.There are cell wall, no chlorophyll, heterotrophism is mostly saprophytic.Generally suffer from
Raw position difference and number not equal flagellum, some also gemma and pod membrane.Observation and discriminating bacteria mostly use Gram's staining
Method.Plant pathogenetic bacteria is Gram-negative mostly, brevibacterium, and bacterium is bred rapidly in a manner of fragmentation, stomata, skin from plant
The nature aperture such as hole, nectary and wound invade host.Bacteriosis is mainly seen in high angiosperm, on cultivated plant compared with
It is more.No matter field crop or fruit tree, vegetables have one or more of bacterial diseases, are more common in grass family, pulse family and Solanaceae especially
Crop.Common disease has the bacterial leaf-blight of rice and cecospora spot, the ring rot of potato, Solanaceae and the blueness of other crops withered
Disease, the soft rot of brassicaceous vegetable, the angular leaf spot of cotton and the canker of citrus etc..Bacterialo wilt disease and the pears fire of corn
Epidemic disease often results in worldwide harm.Bacterium substance and mycoplasma, bacterium substance are that an analogy bacterium is simpler, can be carried out autonomous generation
The known minimum prokaryotes thanked.Cell-free wall, cell outside only have the plasmalemma of unit membrane structure.Thallus is in irregular ball
Shape, filiform, helical form or the variforms such as unsetting.Only in the special culture medium of complicated component, majority also needs supply outer
Source cholesterol could be grown.Form, structure and the bacterium substance phase reacted with infect humans and animals to antibiotic of mycoplasma
Together.Its thallus at least a certain stage twist, can be grown on artificial medium greatly.It has been found that nearly hundred kinds of plants can be by
Mycoplasma colonizes in the screen casing of host plant bast and causes disease.Citrus ossifys germ and corn stunting disease pathogen etc. all
It is this kind of pathogen.There are also some thallus not twist, cannot grow on artificial medium, there is no classificatory science life
Name, and temporarily it is known as mycoplasma.Mulberry wasting disease, jujube witches broom, aster yellows pathogen all belong to such.Rickettsia-like organism or class
Richettsia bacterium is a kind of pathogen parasitized in flora conduit or screen casing, there is smooth or undulatory cell wall, without thin
Karyon.The bacterium of form Richettsia similar with structure or certain Corynebacteriums, but cannot be in the general culture medium of culture bacterium
Upper growth.The rickettsia-like organism that some are colonized in conduit since 1978 is successively separately cultured success, wherein there is gram
Negative bacteria and positive bacteria.But not yet cultivating can't successfully determine in classificatory status.Virus and viroid, in work
Body cell endoparasitism proliferation does not have cyto-architectural life entity.One complete viremic individuals is known as virion or virion
Son.It is made of a kind of nucleic acid and protein coat.There are also coatings outside plastochondria for some viruses.Virus is only under an electron microscope
Just it is observed that their shape.The virion for infecting plant mainly has rod-shaped, linear and spherical 3 seed type.Its heredity
What character and pathogenicity were determined by nucleic acid, most of viruses are ribonucleic acid (RNA) single-stranded structures, and minority is DNA
(DNA) double-strand or single-stranded structure.Invade host plant living cells is viral nucleic acid, and it is thin that protein coat is then left on host
Except born of the same parents.Matter and energy of the viral nucleic acid in host cell using cell is copied into novel nucleic acids, and encodes synthetic proteins
Matter shell is then assembled into new virion.With the presence of the different plastochondria of the several characters of plant virus, when host's difference
When, different plastochondrias can be proliferated as different strain or mutant, and the pathogenicity having nothing in common with each other passes virus mediator and antigenic characteristic, very
It is also different to the plastochondria shape having.Virus is easy to mutate (natural mutation and induced mutations).Some virus contains several grains
Body, only these types of plastochondria could show whole characters of the virus, have size if alfalfa mosaic virus not when existing simultaneously
Deng 5 kinds of plastochondrias.Plant virus is the important pathogen object for being only second to fungi.Field crop and fruit tree, vegetables have several or several
Ten kinds of virosis, some harmfulness are very big.The virosis outstanding for having Cereal and potato in production, the virosis of tobacco,
The brassicaceous vegetables such as rape virosis, tomato and melon etc. virosis, citrus and the virosis of apple etc..Viroid is
Some virulence factors for containing only infectivity low molecular weight rnase are nature simpler pathogens smaller than virus.
Known viroid is the cyclic annular ribonucleic acid being covalently latched, and can replicate in plant soma and cause disease.Viroid with
So-called " satellite virus " is different, and viroid is replicated in host cell does not need other viral assistance participations, and satellite virus
Though ability reproducible proliferation also must be existed simultaneously in host cell with corresponding plant virus without protein coat.Line
Worm, quantity is more, and distribution is wide, and the nematode for parasitizing plant has hundreds of, and almost every kind of crop has.Mostly cause harm below portion
The root divided and storage organ, also there is stem of causing harm, (see the nemas) of Ye Hehua.In addition to above-mentioned 7 class, there are also some secondary
Pathogen.Such as the streptomyces actinomyces in actinomycetes, plant root tuber, stem tuber disease can be caused, including potato tubers
Shot hole etc..Red rust algae in algae can cause algae pinta on the blade of tea tree and many other evergreen trees.Minority tool flagellum
Protozoan can also cause the tropical crops disease such as coffee and coconut.
Animal pathogenic microorganism: according to the 10th standing meeting of Ministry of Agriculture's on May 13rd, 2005 approve " cause of disease is micro-
Biology laboratory Biosafety management regulations ", there is following animal pathogenic microorganism: a kind of animal pathogenic microorganism, hoof-and-mouth disease
Poison, swine vesicular disease virus, African swine fever virus, African horse sickness virus, rinderpest virus, small is ruminated at highly pathogenic avian influenza virus
Epizootic disease virus, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia filiform mycoplasma, bovine spongiform encephalopathy cause of disease, itch cause of disease.Two class animal pathogenics are micro-
Biology, swine fever virus, newcastle disease virus, hydrophobin, sheep pox/goat capripoxvirus, blue tongue virus, rabbit viral go out
Mass formed by blood stasis virus, Bacillus anthracis, Brucella.Three classes animal pathogenic microorganism, many animals are total to illness pathogenic microorganism: low
Pathogenic influenza virus, pseudorabies virus, clostridium tetani, clostridium chauvei, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, perituberculosis branch bar
Bacterium, enteropathogenic E. Coli, salmonella, Pasteurella, pathogenic streptococcus, Li bacillus, C.perfringens, thermophilic aqueous vapor
Monad, clostridium botulinum, clostridium septicum and other pathogenic clostridiums, chlamydia psittaci, actinomyces, hook end spiral
Body.Cattle disease pathogenic microorganism: malignant catarrh virus, bovine leukemia virus, bovine epizootic fever virus, infectious bovine rhinotrachetis
Virus, bovine viral diarrhea/bovine diarrhoea virus, ox genitals campylobacter, Schistosoma japonicum.The micro- life of sheep and goat disease cause of disease
Object: caprine arthritis/encephalomyelitis virus, Mei Di/Wei Sina disease virus, infectious labial dermatitis virus.The micro- life of swine disease cause of disease
Object: japanese encephalitis virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, pig parvoviral, pig circular ring virus, Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea
Poison, transmissible gastro-enteritis virus, bacillus rhusiopathiae suis, B.bronchisepticai, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, secondary pig
Haemophilus, mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, pig treponema.Horse disease pathogenic microorganism: the scorching disease of equine infectious anemia virus, equine arteritis
Poison, horse disease toxicity abortion virus, horse Coryzavirus, pseudomonas mallei, Pseudomonas Pseudomallei, imitation leather subcutaneous ulcer histoplasma capsulatum,
Ulcerative lymphangitis Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis.Poultry diease pathogenic microorganism: duck plague virus, virulent duck enteritis virus, gosling plague
Virus, chicken infectivity bursa of Fabricius virus, chicken Marek's disease virus, avian leukosis/sarcoma virus, fowl reticuloendothellium increase
Grow that disease virus, Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus, avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus, avian infectious bronchitis virus, that chicken subtracts egg is comprehensive
Simulator sickness virus, fowlpox virus, avian viral arthritis virus, avian infectious encephalomyelitis virus, haemophilus paragallinarum, chicken poison branch
Substance, Eimeria species.Rabbit pathogenic microorganism: infectious myxomatosis virus, tularemia bacillus tularense, rabbit bronchus sepsis Podbielniak bar
Bacterium, rabbit coccidia.Aquatic animal disease pathogenic microorganism: popular hematopoietic necrosis virus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis poison,
Cherry salmon virus, viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus, Koi herpesvirus, channel catfish virus, viral brain
Disease and retina virus, infectious pancreas necrosis virus, red-sea bream iridovirus, paddlefish irido virus, the rod-shaped disease of midgut necrosis
The polygonal baculovirus of poison, infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus, core, shrimp oviposition death syndrome virus, the soft-shelled turtle branchial gland
Scorching virus, Taura syndrome virus, White Spot Syndrome Virus, yellow head disease virus, grass carp hemorrhage virus, spring viremia of carp virus blood
Syndrome virus, Bao spherical virus, salmon infectious anemia virus.Honeybee disease pathogenic microorganism: American foul brood larva bacillus,
European foul brood Bee venoms, chalk disease Ascosphaera apis, Nosema apis worm, instep gland mite, Ya Shi varoa mite.Other
Zoosis pathogenic microorganism: canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus, hepatitis infectiosa canis virus, canine coronavirus, canine parainfluenza virus, cat are general
Oligoleukocythemia syndrome virus, Aleutian disease virus, mink enteritis virus.Four class animal pathogenic microorganisms,
Refer to that the few veterinary biologics of small risk, low pathogenicity, laboratory infection chance, the various weak viral diseases of production of vaccine are former
Microorganism and be not belonging to the first, second and third class various less toxic power pathogenic microorganism.
Fermentation/microbial fermentation: microbial fermentation refers to using microorganism, and under appropriate conditions, raw material is passed through
Specific metabolic pathway is converted into the process for the product that necessary for human is wanted.Microbial fermentation production level depends primarily on strain sheet
The hereditary capacity and condition of culture of body.The application range medical industry of Fermentation Engineering, food industry, energy industry, chemical industry,
Agricultural: plant modification gene；Biological nitrogen fixation；Engineering bacterium for killing insect biological pesticide；Microorganism nutriment.Environmental protection etc..Micro- life
Object fermentation process requires to be divided into aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation according to fermentation condition.Aerobic fermentation method has liquid surface culture hair
Ferment, in porous or granular solids media surface top fermentation and logical oxygen submerged fermentation several method.Anaerobic fermentation is using obstructed
The submerged fermentation of oxygen.Therefore, no matter it is aerobic can be realized by deep drainpipe with anaerobic fermentation, this culture has
As soon as completing in the cylindrical fermentor of the high ratio of sizing, operating method can be divided into following several.Batch operation: substrate is primary
It is packed into tank, inoculation is reacted under optimum conditions, by after a certain period of time, the whole is taken out.Semi-batch behaviour
Make: also referred to as stream plus formula operation.Refer to and first a certain amount of substrate is packed into tank, inoculation starts reaction under optimum conditions.Reaction
In the process, specific restricted substrate is sent into reactor, restricted concentration of substrate is in a certain range in tank to control, and reaction is eventually
Only the whole is taken out.Batch operation repeatedly: taking out part reaction system after the completion of batch operation, remainder adds again
Enter substrate, then is carried out by batch operation.Semi-batch operates repeatedly: after the completion of streaming computing, part reaction system is taken out, it is remaining
Part rejoins a certain amount of substrate, then carries out by stream plus formula operation.
Continous way operation: after reaction starts, on the one hand substrate is continuously fed in reactor, while again reaction solution
It continuously takes out, reaction process is made to be in stable state, reaction condition does not change over time.Batchwise is sent out in batches
Ferment is also known as batch culture, and common batch fermentation process is using single tank deep layer batchwise in fermentation industry.Each point
It criticizes fermentation process all to undergo inoculation, growth and breeding, thallus aging and then terminate to ferment, finally extracts product.This process exists
Under the condition of certain culture solutions dominates, microorganism is experiencing by raw to a series of dead changes phases, in the process of each variation
In restriction all by thallus self character, be also affected by the surrounding environment.Only correctly recognize and grasp a series of this variation
Process is just conducive to control fermenting and producing.Fed-batch fermentation method, also known as semicontinuous fermentation or Semi-continuous cultivation refer to and are dividing
During wholesale ferment, the cultural method of fresh culture is intermittently or continuously added.Compared with traditional batch fermentation, advantage exists
In making to maintain very low substrate concentration in fermentation system.The advantages of low substrate concentration are as follows: 1. can remove and quickly utilize carbon source
Reptation behavior, and cell concentration appropriate is maintained, make the contradiction that will not aggravate oxygen supply；2. culture medium is avoided to accumulate toxic metabolite
Object.Continuous fermentation method, Continuous Fermentation Processes are when microculture is to logarithmic phase, in the fermenter on the one hand with certain speed
On the other hand fermentation liquid is continuously discharged at a same speed again, makes by continuously stream plus fresh liquid culture medium
The growth of microorganism and metabolic activity remain vigorous stable state in fermentor, and pH value, temperature, nutritional ingredient is dense
Degree, dissolved oxygen etc. are all kept centainly, and are adjusted from exterior, are maintained thallus under consistent growth speed and are carried out continuously
Growth and fermentation, thus * * improves the growth efficiency and utilization rate of equipment and installations of fermentation.It is open to continuously ferment, in open company
In continuous fermentation system, the microbial cell in culture systems flows out, cell rate of outflow etc. together with the outflow of fermentation liquid
In neoblast formation speed.Therefore in this case, cell concentration can be made to be in certain stable state.In addition, last outflow
Fermentation liquid as part return (feedback) fermentor reused, then the device is called the circulatory system, and fermentation liquid does not repeat
The device used is called the not circulatory system.It is closed to continuously ferment, in closed system of continuously fermenting, make with some way
Cell is always held in bioreactor, and is continuously increased its quantity.Under the conditions of this, certain limiting factors are biological anti-
It answers in device and changes, last most cells are dead.Therefore in such systems, it is impossible to maintain stable state.It is closed
Continuously fermenting can be reequiped with open continuous fermentation device, as long as being recirculated using part thallus.Another method
It is to be placed in equipment using spacer or filler, grows thallus above, it is thin without cell or institute's band when fermentation liquid flows out
Born of the same parents are few.The application range of fermentation has: medical industry, food industry, energy industry, chemical industry, agricultural: plant modification base
Cause；Biological nitrogen fixation；Engineering bacterium for killing insect biological pesticide；Microbiological feed.Environmental protection etc..
Agricultural organic waste-stalk resource: a kind of stalk being used as resource system.Chinese farming
Object stalk annual output is about 700,000,000 t or so, is arranged first of the world.The stalk harvested every year removes 28,000,000 tons of stalks for being used for papermaking
With the 2.13 hundred million t stalks as feed or feedstuff, makes fertile returning to the field and collect 1.089 hundred million t of loss, can be used as the energy and be subject to
The stalk total amount utilized is 3.761 hundred million t (being shown in Table 1).
Although the stalk resource technology of China grows a lot, related work also achieves great success, total water
Flat also very backward, there is also problems for stalk resource technology: (1) straw-returning.Agricultural machinery problem first, stalk also
Tanaka's agricultural machinery be it is essential, crush and turn over and all use agricultural machinery, with the increase of crop-residue incorporation, China makes
It is common de- to cut machine and rotary cultivator has been unable to meet the actual needs of straw-returning.Secondly for the stalk quantity of returning to the field,
Also some problems are deposited.The suitable returning to the field amount (air dry weight) of rice, wheat stalk is advisable with 3000 ~ 4500 kilograms/hectare, corn
Stalk is advisable with 4500 ~ 6000 kilograms/hectare；The plot of one Nian Yizuo and the high plot of fertility can also be appropriate high, and in water
Field and the low plot of fertility will be lower, general annual per hectare 3000 ~ 4500kg of returning to the field stalk soil can be made to have
Machine matter content not but not decline, can also improve year by year, but most of China rural area returning to the field amount does not all reach requirement also.Again,
Applying the stalk amount of people and returning to the field mode in also Tanaka should make corresponding changes with the difference of crop and its plantation area.Such as:
On the period of returning to the field, rice field is the sooner the better, if by rice straw heap it is ripe after again returning to the field it is more significant than direct returning to farmland effect；?
In returning to the field method, the returning to the field of the dry crops such as corn, sorghum should be turned in returning to the field, to keep the stalk of high-moisture rotten rapidly
Solution.Since carrying out Planter industry structure adjustment, traditional crop will change to industrial crops, and industrial crops want returning to the field technology
Ask high, the rough returning to the field technology of use is not able to satisfy these requirements, so that agricultural crop straw is largely thrown aside in road
And stream, or burn.Finally, be exactly field management not enough in place.There are many areas just no longer to manage after straw-returning, lacks
The weary abundant decomposition of stalk for guaranteeing underground with reasonable measure in time, by crop utilization.Microorganism is in decomposing straw in order to prevent
Nitrogen is striven with crop, should also supplement with a certain amount of instant nitrogenousfertilizer is applied, guarantee the fertility of soil full period；It, must note while returning to the field
The prevention and treatment of meaning agricultural land, applies people Tanaka again, can prevent pest and disease damage in this way after thering is the stalk of disease crop to answer compost maturity
Sprawling.(2) gasifying stalk.Existing pyrolytic gasification technology mostly uses air gas gas making method, and the calorific value brought about the desired sensation is lower
(5000kJ/m3 or so), and there are also tar problems.In the process for promoting gasification central gas supply technology, due to Chinese countryside
Economic base it is also very weak, self-raised fund is difficult, and many demonstration projects are out of service just because of tar blocks pipeline.Just
For peasant, the level of operation and management is lower, and safety in production and safe handling consciousness are poor, and peasant holds always sight to gasification
The attitude of prestige, this also influences the normal operation using effect of system.In addition, also having in terms of tar removing, operation steady in a long-term
Wait improve.Particularly for rural area central gas supply system, the ratio between investments of gas holder and pipe network reaches 40% or more, improves cost, difficult
In carrying out commercialized running, influence further to develop and promote.(3) straw feed is processed.China is in microorganism fungus kind and accordingly
Zymotechnique on and fermented stalk feed to all lacking more careful in-depth study in terms of the nutritive validities of all kinds of domestic animals, and
The field of research mostly concentrates on ruminant domestic animal.The appraisement system of a scientific unity is also lacked in research and practice, is evaluated
Foundation be only limitted to the physics and chemical characteristic of feed product, have ignored its biological nature.(1) stalk stock keeping.It is Chinese annual raw
600,000,000 t stalks are also produced while producing 4.9 hundred million t of grain, a large amount of potato, taro rattan, climing and utilizable vegetation farming in addition
Object is far longer than the forage yield in pastoral area, this is huge feed source.If wherein half is used for stock keeping, the production of meat product
Amount will increase by 500.Therefore stalk stock keeping is a development trend in Chinese stalk resource.(2) stalk production degradable is fast
Cutlery box.The mess-tin indices done using straw pulp of rice and wheat are good, cheap, and nontoxic, pollution-free in production process, former
Expect from a wealth of sources.It can degrade quickly after being thrown away, can increase soil fertility, composing environment does not threaten；It is also released without poison gas when burning,
Will not constitute a threat to air quality, quite be welcome by environmental protection administration.One apparatus for production line invests 1,500,000 yuan, produces 30,000 daily, often
1,080,000 yuan of annual return, period of recouping investments in equipment 1.5 years or so, existing social benefit had an economic benefit again, should be stalk money from now on
One of the developing direction of source technology.(3) it is manufactured using stalk with feces of livestock and poultry aerobic compost or straw compost technology organic multiple
Hefei, can proposed large-scale organic fertilizer factory, market prospects are quite wide.(4) condition quite mature in gasification technology
Under, the research and development of efficient low-consume Gasification Technology are carried out, build large and medium-sized straw electric generation plant, economic benefit is not allow
Doubt.(5) development and exploitation for accelerating agricultural machinery tool, further improve direct returning to farmland technology；It increases in straw-returning skill
Art and its research dynamics of influence and regulation method to soil physical chemistry and biological property.(6) reinforce and University Scientific Research unit
Cooperate research cooperation and study new technology, expands the approach of stalk resource, improve its utility value.Such as using biogas as the more of tie
The road that kind is managed, preparation on a large scale introduce biogas slurry to the market.In short, agricultural straw resource technology is a synthesis
Property, marginality science and technology.Various regions agricultural, agricultural machinery, the departments such as herding will reinforce leading, lay down rules and regulations, and take charge in unison and jointly administrate, with scientific research
The practical technique that optimization has District Representative's property is studied together by department, and by Demonstration Village, demonstrate township, the construction of demonstration county, certain
The scale and benefit for generating stalk comprehensive utilization are concentrated in region.It looks forward to the future, the development prospect phase of Chinese stalk resource technology
When wide.
Waste recycling
Waste recycling, which refers to, contains the fertilizer efficiency composition such as a large amount of organic matter and N, P, K abundant in waste.Pass through special place
Recovering means are managed, while fecaluria is innoxious, recycle wherein effective ingredient.It is fertilizer processed is mainly one of using means.It is another
A importance is the moisture content recycled in fecaluria.70% or more is moisture content in fecaluria, by processing, these sewage can be made to reach
Very high water standard, it might even be possible to for human consumption.Current ecological lavatory utilization rate it is most be microorganism fungus kind decomposition
The lavatory of excrement, it carries out biodegrade simultaneously to macromolecular organic compound available in excrement using its growth and breeding activity
It is converted into Fungal biodiversity, the pathogenic microbes in excrement are simultaneously killed in emulative inhibition, and absorption, converts in excrement degradation
The stink substances of generation realizes innoxious, the recycling treatment of excrement.The function that zero-emission can be reached, completely not to environment
Cause any pollution.
A kind of above-mentioned agricultural organic waste heap stirs sterilizing pesticide method and its application, simplifies stalk fibreization processing side
Method improves efficiency, is suitable for pipelining, scale and commercialization；Agricultural crop straw of the invention is directly entered after collecting
Mechanical continuous productive process needs not move through sunning or drying, reduces the operating procedure of stalk processing, reduces energy consumption；The present invention
In short stalk when through plate roller granulator, using the hot conditions of plate roller friction production, stalk waddingization while will heat
Curing carries out more thorough fibrosis；Two step fibrosis processing technique of agricultural crop straw of the invention does not generate exhaust gas, gives up
Water and solid waste, it is free from environmental pollution；The cotton-shaped agronomic crop fibre that the present invention is handled, be subsequent recycling, Fertilizer Transformed and
Matrixing equal utilize is provided convenience；If fermentation prepares organic fertilizer, then cotton-shaped stalk fibre only needs extremely short fermentation time
With saving or not applicable zymophyte；If making stalk fiber board, then plate pressing machine can be directly entered without glue mixing and makes plate；If
The materials such as producing building brick are then directly entered brickmaking machine without adding any adhesive brickmaking.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of auger after improvement；
In figure, 1- auger, 2- twists leaf, 3- blade.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with Figure of description, the invention will be described in further detail, and provides specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Select the ternary hybrid rice variety " fresh straw after interior 5 excellent 8015 " harvester harvest paddy.Vertical full mixing
Machine selects the permanent 10m up to Machinery Co., Ltd.'s production in Qingdao3TMR blender, by transformation, blade strip, blade is away from cylinder
Wall 0.5cm twists leaf width degree and blade lengths ratio is 3:7 15 ° of top plan view cutter interval；The agitator of blender adds
Up to 4.5m；15 revs/min of auger revolving speed, stalk is warming up to 65 DEG C, and remains stable.Start blender, stalk is added to
It with agitator top edge 50cm(, that is, high 4m of stalk heap), is sampled after stirring different time, rice blast is measured using laboratory cultures method
Germ (mark pathogen) and rice tip of a root nematode (identifying worm of causing a disease), are compared, as the result is shown even with preceding sample is stirred
After continuing stirring 30min, Pyricularia oryzae and rice tip of a root nematode population are begun to decline, the latter two culture generation quantity of stirring 1h, which are compared, to be stirred
Sample reduces 90% before mixing, and the stalk rice blast and rice tip of a root nematode after stirring 1.5h are not detected.
Embodiment 2
Fresh straw after selecting wheat breed " raising wheat 20 " harvester harvest wheat.Vertical full mixing and blending machine is selected in Qingdao
10m of the perseverance up to Machinery Co., Ltd.'s production3TMR blender, by transformation, blade strip, blade is being bowed away from barrel 0.5cm
15 ° of view plane cutter interval, twists leaf width degree and blade lengths ratio is 3:7；The agitator of blender is increased to 4.5m；Auger
15 revs/min of revolving speed, material is warming up to 70 DEG C, and remains stable.Start blender, stalk is added to and agitator top edge
50cm(, that is, high the 4m of stalk heap), it is sampled after stirring different time, using laboratory cultures method measurement fusarium graminearum (mark disease
Opportunistic pathogen) and malt worm (identifying worm of causing a disease), it is compared with preceding sample is stirred, as the result is shown after continuously stirring 40min, rice blast
Germ and rice tip of a root nematode population are begun to decline, and quantity, which occurs, for the latter two cultures of stirring 1h reduces 80% compared to sample before stirring,
Fusarium graminearum and malt worm after stirring 1.5h are not detected.
Embodiment 3
Select the chicken and duck mixing excrement of China Paddy Rice Inst experimental plot poultry Dong rich and influential family farm for army building.Vertical full mixing is stirred
It mixes machine and selects the permanent 10m up to Machinery Co., Ltd.'s production in Qingdao3TMR blender, by transformation, blade strip, blade away from
Barrel 0.5cm twists leaf width degree and blade lengths ratio is 3:7 15 ° of top plan view cutter interval；The agitator of blender
Increase to 4.5m；45 revs/min of auger revolving speed, chicken and duck mixing excrement is warming up to 75 DEG C, and remains stable.Start blender, it will
Chicken and duck mixing excrement be added to the agitator top edge 50cm(i.e. high 4m of chicken and duck mixing excrement heap), stir different time after take
Sample, using laboratory cultures method measurement bird pox virus (mark pathogenic virus) and chicken tapeworm bacterium (identifying worm of causing a disease), before stirring
Sample is compared, and as the result is shown after continuously stirring 56min, bird pox virus and chicken tapeworm quantity are begun to decline, and stirs 1.5h
Quantity, which occurs, for the latter two cultures reduces 73% compared to sample before stirring, and the bird pox virus and chicken tapeworm after stirring 2.0h are not detected.
Embodiment 4
Select the chicken and duck mixing excrement and triple crossing Xian of China Paddy Rice Inst experimental plot poultry Dong rich and influential family farm for army building
Rice " fresh straw after interior 5 excellent 8015 " mechanical harvest paddy, weight ratio 1:1.Vertical full mixing and blending machine is selected permanent in Qingdao
The 10m produced up to Machinery Co., Ltd.3TMR blender, by transformation, blade strip, blade is overlooked away from barrel 0.5cm
15 ° of plane cutter interval, twists leaf width degree and blade lengths ratio is 3:7；The agitator of blender is increased to 4.5m；Auger turns
25 revs/min of speed, material is warming up to 70 DEG C, and remains stable.Start blender, is added to by chicken and duck mixing excrement and to stalk
It with agitator top edge 50cm(, that is, high 4m of heap), is sampled after stirring different time, bird pox virus is measured using laboratory cultures method
With Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn (mark pathogenic virus), rice tip of a root nematode and chicken tapeworm bacterium (identifying worm of causing a disease), carried out with preceding sample is stirred
Compare, as the result is shown after continuously stirring 48min, detects pathogenic germ and worm begins to decline, the latter two culture hairs of stirring 1.3h
Raw quantity reduces 81% compared to sample before stirring, and the bird pox virus and chicken tapeworm after stirring 1.8h are not detected.
Embodiment 5
The winter bamboo shoot that wheat straw and Rui Jue biotechnology company, Zhejiang Province after selecting wheat " raising wheat 20 " mechanical harvest wheat provide add
Work leftover bits and pieces (predominantly bamboo shoot shell and old bamboo shoot), weight ratio 2:1.Vertical full mixing and blending machine is selected permanent up to mechanical limited public affairs in Qingdao
Take charge of the 10m of production3TMR blender, by transformation, blade strip, blade is away from barrel 0.5cm, between top plan view cutter
Every 15 °, twists leaf width degree and blade lengths ratio is 3:7；The agitator of blender is increased to 4.5m；25 revs/min of auger revolving speed,
Material is warming up to 70 DEG C, and remains stable.Start blender, chicken and duck mixing excrement and wheat straw are added to and agitator top edge
The high 4m of 50cm(, that is, heap), it is sampled after stirring different time, wheat scab and bird pox virus (mark is measured using laboratory cultures method
Know pathogenic virus), malt worm and chicken tapeworm bacterium (identifying worm of causing a disease), with stir before sample be compared, as the result is shown continuous
It after stirring 45min, detects pathogenic germ and worm begins to decline, quantity occurs for the latter two cultures of stirring 1.6h compared to sample before stirring
Reduce 79%, the bird pox virus and chicken tapeworm after stirring 2.1h are not detected.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of agricultural organic waste heap stirs sterilizing pesticide method, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
1) existing vertical full mixing and blending machine is selected, it is spare after the auger (1) of blender is improved；
2) agricultural organic waste is added to the accumulation for forming certain altitude in blender barrel, starts blender, it will be organic
Waste is warming up to 40-80 DEG C, and remains stable；
3) 10-200 revs/min of revolving speed of blender auger (1) is adjusted, blender operates 1.5-2h.
2. a kind of agricultural organic waste heap as described in claim 1 stirs sterilizing pesticide method, it is characterised in that blender twists
The improvement of dragon refers to that auger (1) is in upright cone-shaped, and installation of spiraling on auger (1) twists leaf (2), is equipped on the strand leaf (2)
Several outer rim blades (3), the blade (3) is elongated, and each blade (3) distance stirring barrel wall 0-10.0cm bows in auger
Depending under state, strand leaf (2) curved angle between adjacent knife blades (3) is 5-60 °, strand leaf (2) width and blade (3) length
Ratio be 1:9-1:5, the height of the barrel bucket of blender is 1.5-10m.
3. a kind of agricultural organic waste heap as described in claim 1 stirs sterilizing pesticide method, it is characterised in that step 2 has
The accumulation that machine waste is added to formation certain altitude in blender barrel refers to that organic waste is added to barrel top edge
50cm forms the pressure for auger, twisting leaf and barrel barrel using waste own wt, makes waste and auger surface, twists
Leaf surface and agitator inner wall are combined closely, by auger rotational agitation waste in agitator from the bottom to top, from inside to outside
Circulation, by press friction, by the mycelium that waste carries tear up inactivation, spore core and bacterium spore rub scattered inactivation,
Worm's ovum, which squeezes, rubs broken inactivation with the hands；The operating of certain time length, auger and the temperature for twisting leaf surface rise to form higher temperature to waste
Carrying germ worm's ovum also has killing effect.
4. a kind of agricultural organic waste heap as claimed in claim 2 stirs sterilizing pesticide method, it is characterised in that the blade
It (3) is 0-5cm, preferably 0-3cm, more preferable 0-0.5cm apart from barrel distance.
5. a kind of agricultural organic waste heap as claimed in claim 2 stirs sterilizing pesticide method, it is characterised in that adjacent knife blades
(3) strand leaf (2) curved angle between is 5-30 °, preferably 5-15 °, more preferable 5-10 °.
6. a kind of agricultural organic waste heap as claimed in claim 2 stirs sterilizing pesticide method, it is characterised in that it is wide to twist leaf (2)
The ratio of degree and blade (3) length is 1:9-4:6, preferably 1:9-3:7, more preferable 1:9-2:8.
7. a kind of agricultural organic waste heap as described in claim 1 stirs sterilizing pesticide method, it is characterised in that machine waste
It is warming up to 50-70 DEG C, preferably 55-70 DEG C, more preferable 60-70 DEG C.
8. a kind of agricultural organic waste heap as claimed in claim 2 stirs sterilizing pesticide method, it is characterised in that blender material
Cylinder height 2-8m, preferably 3-6m.
9. a kind of described in any item agricultural organic waste heaps of claim 1-8 stir the material of sterilizing pesticide method preparation in agriculture
Application in industry means of production matrix, organic fertilizer, compound organic and inorganic fertilizer and soil conditioner.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011092938A (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2011-05-12 | Kunitomo Kankyo Plant:Kk | Apparatus for treating organic waste |
| CN202829869U (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2013-03-27 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Agricultural waste treatment device |
| CN103204719A (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2013-07-17 | 广西玉林市大智生物科技有限公司 | Method and device for disposing animal manure to produce organic fertilizer by solar energy |
| CN204509147U (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2015-07-29 | 天津市环境保护科学研究院 | A kind of device of agricultural wastes high temperature quick fermentation production fertilizer |
| CN205076981U (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2016-03-09 | 长沙碧野生态农业科技有限公司 | Living beings rubbish is equipment of fermentation production fertilizer fast |
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2019
- 2019-04-17 CN CN201910310583.0A patent/CN109892313A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011092938A (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2011-05-12 | Kunitomo Kankyo Plant:Kk | Apparatus for treating organic waste |
| CN202829869U (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2013-03-27 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Agricultural waste treatment device |
| CN103204719A (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2013-07-17 | 广西玉林市大智生物科技有限公司 | Method and device for disposing animal manure to produce organic fertilizer by solar energy |
| CN204509147U (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2015-07-29 | 天津市环境保护科学研究院 | A kind of device of agricultural wastes high temperature quick fermentation production fertilizer |
| CN205076981U (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2016-03-09 | 长沙碧野生态农业科技有限公司 | Living beings rubbish is equipment of fermentation production fertilizer fast |
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Application publication date: 20190618 |