CN109838511B - 自动手动变速器 - Google Patents

自动手动变速器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109838511B
CN109838511B CN201810594879.5A CN201810594879A CN109838511B CN 109838511 B CN109838511 B CN 109838511B CN 201810594879 A CN201810594879 A CN 201810594879A CN 109838511 B CN109838511 B CN 109838511B
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China
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gear
shaft
power transmission
motor
output shaft
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CN109838511A (zh
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鱼顺基
柳根士
徐弘锡
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Motors Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/089—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears all of the meshing gears being supported by a pair of parallel shafts, one being the input shaft and the other the output shaft, there being no countershaft involved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
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    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/006—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion power being selectively transmitted by either one of the parallel flow paths
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

一种自动手动变速器，其可以包括：输入轴，其经由离合器选择性地提供来自发动机的扭矩；输出轴，其与所述输入轴平行布置；换挡设备，其包括具有不同传动比并且在输入轴和输出轴上彼此啮合的多个齿轮对，以及利用接合构件从所述多个齿轮对中选择出至少一个齿轮对，其中，所述至少一个齿轮对对应于车辆速度；电机轴，其连接至电机并且提供来自电机的扭矩；以及离合器设备，其设置在电机轴与输入轴之间，从而在该离合器设备的第一方向上传递扭矩，并且该离合器设备设置在电机轴与输出轴之间，从而在该离合器设备的第二方向上传递扭矩。

Description

自动手动变速器
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2017年11月24日提交的韩国专利申请第10-2017-0158941号的优先权，该申请的全部内容结合于此用于通过该引用的所有目的。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种自动手动变速器，该种自动手动变速器利用电机而并不需要增加特定的换挡机构或者致动器，从而在换挡期间消除了断开连接的感觉。
背景技术
在自动手动变速器中，在车辆行驶时凭借致动器来自动地执行换挡，因此类似于自动变速器，这种自动手动变速器能够在行驶期间提供便利性，并且相比于自动变速器，由于自动手动变速器的卓越的动力传递性能，因此能够提供改进的车辆的燃料效率。
自动手动变速器是这样的设备，其并不是由驾驶员控制挡位来执行换挡，而是由将液压和气动致动器加入到传统的手动变速器中的变速器控制单元(TransmissionControl Unit，TCU)来执行换挡。
同时，将电机额外地设置在发动机和变速器之间的混合动力自动手动变速器(automated manual transmission，AMT)具有能够利用变速器的全部挡位以将动力从电机传递至车轮的高效的配置。
但是，在将电机增加到现有配置中时，将不能消除在换挡期间在改变挡位时所产生的断开连接的感觉。
因此，需求这样一种方法，该方法在换挡期间通过将电机直接地连接至变速器而能够提供辅助扭矩，并且在换挡期间消除断开连接的感觉，甚至不需要增加用于扭矩辅助的特定的换挡机构或者致动器。
公开于本发明背景部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解，而不应当被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。
发明内容
本发明的各个方面致力于提供一种自动手动变速器，该种自动手动变速器通过连接电机而能够在换挡期间消除断开连接的感觉，甚至无需增加特定的换挡机构或者致动器。
在本发明的各个方面中，一种自动手动变速器，其可以包括：输入轴，其经由离合器选择性地提供来自发动机的扭矩；输出轴，其与所述输入轴平行布置；换挡设备，其包括具有不同传动比并且在输入轴和输出轴上彼此啮合的多个齿轮对，以及利用接合构件从所述多个齿轮对中选择出对应于车辆速度的齿轮对；电机轴，其提供来自电机的扭矩；以及离合器设备，其设置在电机轴与输入轴之间以仅在该离合器设备的第一方向上传递扭矩，并且该离合器设备设置在电机轴与输出轴之间以仅在该离合器设备的第二方向上传递扭矩。
所述离合器设备可以包括：第一单向离合器，其设置在所述电机轴与输入轴之间的动力传递路径上；以及第二单向离合器，其设置在所述电机轴与输出轴之间的动力传递路径上。
所述第一动力传递齿轮可以设置在电机轴上并且连接至该电机轴上的第一单向离合器，第一动力传递齿轮与换挡设备的齿轮对中的第一齿轮对啮合；所述第二动力传递齿轮可以设置在电机轴上并且连接至该电机轴上的第二单向离合器，第二动力传递齿轮与齿轮对中的除了与第一动力传递齿轮啮合的第一齿轮对以外的第二齿轮对啮合。
所述第一齿轮对可以包括和输入轴一起持续地旋转的齿轮以及能够旋转地安装在输出轴上的齿轮，所述和输入轴一起持续地旋转的齿轮与所述能够旋转地安装在输出轴上的齿轮相啮合；所述第二齿轮对可以包括和输出轴一起持续地旋转的齿轮以及能够旋转地安装在输入轴上的齿轮，所述和输出轴一起持续地旋转的齿轮与所述能够旋转地安装在输入轴上的齿轮相啮合。
所述第一动力传递齿轮可以与第一齿轮对的和输入轴一起持续地旋转的齿轮啮合；所述第二动力传递齿轮可以与第二齿轮对的和输出轴一起持续地旋转的齿轮啮合。
所述第一动力传递齿轮可以与第一齿轮对的和输入轴一起持续地旋转的齿轮啮合；所述第二动力传递齿轮可以与第二齿轮对的能够旋转地安装在输入轴上的齿轮啮合。
所述第一动力传递齿轮可以与第一齿轮对的能够旋转地安装在输出轴上的齿轮啮合；所述第二动力传递齿轮可以与第二齿轮对的和输出轴一起持续地旋转的齿轮啮合。
所述第一动力传递齿轮可以与第一齿轮对的能够旋转地安装在输出轴上的齿轮啮合；所述第二动力传递齿轮可以与第二齿轮对的能够旋转地安装在输入轴上的齿轮啮合。
所述第一单向离合器可以设置在电机轴与第一动力传递齿轮之间，并且所述第二单向离合器可以设置在电机轴与第二动力传递齿轮之间。
所述离合器设备可以包括第一双向离合器和第二双向离合器，所述第一双向离合器设置在电机轴与输入轴之间的动力传递路径上，所述第二双向离合器设置在电机轴与输出轴之间的动力传递路径上。
根据本发明的示例性的实施方案，由于电机经由传输扭矩的离合器而仅在其一个旋转方向上连接至输出轴，在换挡期间通过电机来获得扭矩辅助，而并不需要使用特定的换挡机构或者致动器，因此在所有挡位的切换期间，可以消除断开连接的感觉。
此外，由于电机经由传输扭矩的离合器而仅在其另一个旋转方向上连接至输入轴，因此可以利用电机来起动发动机并且利用反向输入到电机的扭矩来产生动力。
本发明的方法和装置具有其它的特性和优点，这些特性和优点从并入本文中的附图和随后的实施方案中将是显而易见的，或者将在并入本文中的附图和随后的实施方案中进行详细陈述，这些附图和实施方案共同用于解释本发明的特定原理。
附图说明
图1为示出了根据本发明的示例性实施方案的自动手动变速器的各种示例性实施方案的配置的示意图；
图2A、图2B、图2C和图2D为示出了从第一挡位到第二挡位的换挡过程以及图1中的变速器的动力传递路径的示意图；
图3为示出了当利用图1中的电机来起动发动机时的动力传递路径的示意图；
图4为示出了在图1中的每个挡位下的接合构件以及第一和第二单向离合器的操作状态的示意图；
图5为示出了在本发明的示例性的实施方案中的怠速充电时的动力传递路径的示意图；
图6为示出了在本发明的示例性的实施方案中的再生制动时的动力传递路径的示意图；以及
图7、图8和图9为示出了根据本发明的示例性的实施方案的具有不同的动力传递挡位的接合结构的第二至各个示例性实施方案的配置的示意图。
应当理解，附图不一定是按照比例绘制，而是呈现各种特征的简化表示，以对本发明的基本原理进行说明。本发明所公开的具体设计特征(包括例如具体尺寸、方向、位置和形状)将部分地由具体所要应用和使用的环境来确定。
在这些图中，贯穿附图的多幅图，相同的附图标记表示本发明的相同或等同的部分。
具体实施方式
下面将详细参考本发明的各个实施方案，这些实施方案的示例呈现在附图中并描述如下。尽管该发明将与本发明的示例性的实施方案相结合进行描述，应当理解的是，下面的说明并非旨在将本发明限制为这些示例性的实施方案。相反，本发明旨在不但覆盖本发明中的示例性实施方案，而且覆盖可以被包括在本发明的精神和由所附权利要求所限定的范围之内的各种选择形式、修改形式、等价形式及其它实施方案。
下面将参考附图对本发明的示例性实施方案进行更加详细的描述。
本发明的自动手动变速器可以包括：输入轴IP、输出轴OP、换挡设备、电机轴MGS和离合器设备。
参考图1以对本发明进行更具体的描述，所述输入轴IP经由离合器CL连接至发动机E，并且通过选择性地接收来自发动机E的扭矩而能够旋转。
所述输出轴OP可以与输入轴IP平行地布置。
所述换挡设备可以包括多个齿轮对，所述多个齿轮对具有不同的传动比，并且在输入轴IP和输出轴OP上彼此啮合，从而通过利用接合构件可以选择这些对应于车辆速度的齿轮对。
例如，如图1所示，所述换挡设备可以包括第一至第五齿轮对G1～G5以及R-齿轮对GR。1&2接合构件S1&2可以设置在第一从动齿轮和第二从动齿轮之间，从而能够选择第一齿轮对G1和第二齿轮对G2，3&4接合构件S3&4可以设置在第三驱动齿轮和第四驱动齿轮之间，并且5&R接合构件S5&R可以设置在第五驱动齿轮和R-驱动齿轮之间。在R挡位，可以进一步地设置倒挡中间齿轮，以改变R-驱动齿轮和R-从动齿轮之间的旋转方向。
所述接合构件可以为同步啮合类型的同步器。
显然，所述齿轮对和接合构件并不限制于上面所描述的结构，并且可以改变为各种结构。
电机MG直接地连接至电机轴MGS的端部部分，使得电机轴MGS可以凭借来自电机MG的扭矩而旋转。
所述离合器设备可以设置在电机轴MGS和输入轴IP之间，从而仅在该离合器设备的第一方向上传递扭矩，所述离合器设备可以设置在电机轴MGS和输出轴OP之间，从而仅在该离合器设备的第二方向上传递扭矩。
所述离合器设备可以包括第一单向离合器OWC1和第二单向离合器OWC2。所述第一单向离合器OWC1可以设置在电机轴MGS与输入轴IP之间的动力传递路径上，所述第二单向离合器OWC2可以设置在电机轴MGS与输出轴OP之间的动力传递路径上。
例如，当第一单向离合器OWC1逆时针旋转受限，而是相对的顺时针旋转时，那么与第一单向离合器OWC1相反，第二单向离合器OWC2进行相对的逆时针旋转并且顺时针旋转受限。
根据本发明的现有配置，在车辆的换挡过程中当电机GM顺时针旋转时，来自电机MG的扭矩经由第二单向离合器OWC2传递至输出轴OP，从而可以在换挡期间凭借来自电机MG的扭矩而能够消除断开连接的感觉，而并不需要特定的换挡机构或者致动器。
此外，所述离合器设备可以包括能够选择限制其旋转方向的双向离合器，来代替单向离合器。
更具体的，所述离合器设备可以包括第一双向离合器TWC1和第二双向离合器TWC2，所述第一双向离合器TWC1设置在电机轴MGS与输入轴IP之间的动力传递路径上，所述第二双向离合器TWC2设置在电机轴MGS与输出轴OP之间的动力传递路径上。
在本案中，可以进一步提供用于改变第一双向离合器TWC1和第二双向离合器TWC2的限制旋转方向的方向控制电机。
此外，除了单向离合器和双向离合器，也可以使用电磁离合器、同步器、闩锁、爪型离合器来实现本发明的功能。
下面将描述用于在电机轴MGS与输入轴IP之间以及电机轴MGS与输出轴OP之间传递动力的结构。第一动力传递齿轮TG1设置在电机轴MGS上以能够相对地旋转，并且与换挡设备中的齿轮对中的一个外啮。所述第一单向离合器OWC1设置在电机轴MGS与第一动力传递齿轮TG1之间。
此外，第二动力传递齿轮TG2设置在电机轴MGS上以能够相对地旋转，并且与其它齿轮对(除了与第一动力传递齿轮TG1啮合的齿轮对)中的一个外啮。所述第二单向离合器OWC2设置在电机轴MGS与第二动力传递齿轮TG2之间。
例如，当第一动力传递齿轮TG1与第二齿轮对G2中的齿轮啮合时，第二动力传递齿轮TG2可以与第三齿轮对G3中的齿轮啮合。
第一动力传递齿轮TG1可以与总是和输入轴IP一起旋转的齿轮外啮，并且第二动力传递齿轮TG2可以与总是和输出轴OP一起旋转的齿轮外啮。
更具体地，第一动力传递齿轮TG1可以与固定至输入轴IP的齿轮外啮，并且第二动力传递齿轮TG2可以与固定至输出轴OP的齿轮外啮。
例如，如图1所示，第二驱动齿轮固定地并且旋转受限地设置在输入轴IP上，并且第一动力传递齿轮TG1与所述第二驱动齿轮外啮，第三从动齿轮固定地并且旋转受限地设置在输出轴OP上，并且第二动力传递齿轮TG2与所述第三从动齿轮外啮。
明显地，如图7至图9所示，与第一动力传递齿轮和第二动力传递齿轮啮合的齿轮可以改变。
也就是说，在图7的各种示例性的实施方案中，第一动力传递齿轮TG1可以与第二驱动齿轮啮合并且第二动力传递齿轮TG2可以与第四驱动齿轮啮合，其中所述第四驱动齿轮设置在输入轴IP上，但是与固定在输出轴OP上的第四从动齿轮啮合，从而第二动力传递齿轮TG2能够与总是和输出轴OP一起旋转的齿轮啮合。
此外，在图8的各种示例性的实施方案中，第一动力传递齿轮TG1可以与第二从动齿轮啮合并且第二动力传递齿轮TG2可以与第三从动齿轮啮合，其中所述第二从动齿轮设置在输出轴OP上，但是与固定在输入轴IP上的第二驱动齿轮啮合，从而第一动力传递齿轮TG1能够与总是和输入轴IP一起旋转的齿轮啮合。
此外，在图9的各种示例性的实施方案中，第一动力传递齿轮TG1可以与第二从动齿轮啮合并且第二动力传递齿轮TG2可以与第三驱动齿轮啮合，其中所述第二从动齿轮与固定在输入轴IP上的第二驱动齿轮啮合，并且所述第三驱动齿轮与固定在输出轴OP上的第三从动齿轮啮合，从而第一动力传递齿轮TG1和第二动力传递齿轮TG2能够分别与总是和输入轴IP一起旋转的齿轮啮合以及与总是和输出轴OP一起旋转的齿轮啮合。
下面参考图2A、图2B、图2C和图2D对从第一挡位切换到第二挡位的过程中的动力流进行描述。
首先，在图2A中，通过接合构件选择第一齿轮对G1，并且来自发动机E的扭矩经由第一齿轮对G1和接合的离合器CL而供应至输出轴OP，车辆在第一挡位下行驶。
此后，当需要从第一挡位切换到第二挡位时，如图2B所示，当车辆行驶在第一挡位时，电机MG以与发动机的旋转方向(顺时针)相同的方向旋转，从而来自电机MG的扭矩经由第二单向离合器OWC2传递至第二动力传递齿轮TG2并且被供应至输出轴OP。显然地，来自电机MG的扭矩并没有经由第一单向离合器OWC1供应至第一动力传递齿轮TG1，因此该扭矩并不能被供应至输入轴IP。
在当前状态下脱开离合器CL并且之后选择第二齿轮对G2，在当前过程中，来自电机GM的扭矩持续传递至输出轴OP，因此在换挡期间由于扭矩的中断而产生的断开连接的感觉可以被消除。
随后，如图2C所示，接合离合器CL，从而来自发动机E的动力以及来自电机MG的扭矩经由第二齿轮对G2供应至输出轴OP，并且之后如图2D所示，通过停止电机MG的旋转，可以完成向第二挡位的切换。
如图4的表格所示，由于来自电机MG的扭矩直接地供应至输出轴OP，可以获得向所有挡位换挡的过程中的扭矩辅助，并且在所有挡位的换挡期间，可以有效地消除断开连接的感觉。
同时，图3示出了当利用电机MG来起动发动机E时的动力传递路径，其中当电机MG逆时针旋转时，来自电机MG的扭矩经由第一单向离合器OWC1传递至第一动力传递齿轮TG1和第二驱动齿轮，并且转动输入轴IP，从而能够起动发动机E。
为此，应该接合离合器CL并且所有接合构件处于空挡位置。
图5示出了在利用电机MG进行怠速充电过程中的动力传递路径，其中当发动机E怠速并且来自发动机E的扭矩传递至与第二驱动齿轮啮合的第一动力传递齿轮TG1时，凭借第一单向离合器OWC1的旋转限制使电机轴MGS旋转，从而电池可以通过由电机MG而产生的电力进行充电。
图6示出了在利用双向离合器进行再生制动过程中的动力传递路径，其中当车辆减速时，经由车轮而反向输入至输出轴OP的扭矩传递至与第三从动齿轮啮合的第二动力传递齿轮TG2，凭借第二双向离合器TWC2的旋转限制使电机轴MGS旋转，从而电池可以通过由电机MG而产生的电力进行充电。
然而，当使用单向离合器来代替双向离合器时，例如，当选择第二齿轮对G2时，经由车轮而反向输入至输出轴OP的扭矩经由第二齿轮对G2而传递至第一动力传递齿轮TG1，并且借第一单向离合器OWC1的旋转限制而能够使电机轴MGS旋转，因此可以对电池进行充电。
为了方便解释和精确限定所附权利要求，术语“上”、“下”、“内”、“外”、“上面”、“下面”、“向上”、“向下”、“向上的”、“向下的”、“前”、“后”、“后部”、“内”、“外”、“内部”、“外部”、“内部的”、“外部的”、“内侧”、“外侧”、“向前”、“向后”被用于参考附图中所显示的这些特征的位置来描述示例性具体实施方案的特征。
前面对本发明具体示例性的实施方案所呈现的描述是出于说明和描述的目的。前面的描述并不旨在成为穷举的，也并不旨在把本发明限制为所公开的精确形式，显然，根据上述教导很多改变和变化都是可能的。选择示例性实施方案并进行描述是为了解释本发明的特定原理及其实际应用，从而使得本领域的其它技术人员能够实现并利用本发明的各种示例性实施方案及其不同选择形式和修改形式。本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等价形式所限定。

Claims (7)

1.一种自动手动变速器，包括：
输入轴，其经由离合器选择性地提供有来自发动机的扭矩；
输出轴，其与所述输入轴平行布置；
换挡设备，其包括具有不同传动比并且在输入轴和输出轴上彼此啮合的多个齿轮对，并且利用接合构件从所述多个齿轮对中选择出至少一个对应于车辆速度的齿轮对；
电机轴，其连接至电机并且提供有来自电机的扭矩；以及
离合器设备，其设置在电机轴与输入轴之间以在第一方向上传递扭矩，并且设置在电机轴与输出轴之间以在第二方向上传递扭矩；
其中，所述离合器设备包括：
第一单向离合器，其安装在所述电机轴与输入轴之间的动力传递路径上；
第二单向离合器，其安装在所述电机轴与输出轴之间的动力传递路径上；
第一动力传递齿轮设置在所述电机轴上并且连接至该电机轴上的第一单向离合器，所述第一动力传递齿轮与所述换挡设备的齿轮对中的第一齿轮对啮合；
第二动力传递齿轮设置在所述电机轴上并且连接至该电机轴上的第二单向离合器，所述第二动力传递齿轮与齿轮对中的除了与所述第一动力传递齿轮啮合的第一齿轮对以外的第二齿轮对啮合；
所述第一齿轮对包括和输入轴一起持续地旋转的齿轮以及能够旋转地安装在输出轴上的齿轮，所述和输入轴一起持续地旋转的齿轮与所述能够旋转地安装在输出轴上的齿轮相啮合；
所述第二齿轮对包括和输出轴一起持续地旋转的齿轮以及能够旋转地安装在输入轴上的齿轮，所述和输出轴一起持续地旋转的齿轮与所述能够旋转地安装在输入轴上的齿轮相啮合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的自动手动变速器，其中，所述离合器设备包括：
第一单向离合器，其安装在所述电机轴上以在电机轴的第一旋转方向上传递扭矩；以及
第二单向离合器，其安装在所述电机轴上以在电机轴的第二旋转方向上传递扭矩。
3.根据权利要求1所述的自动手动变速器，其中，所述第一动力传递齿轮与所述第一齿轮对的和输入轴一起持续地旋转的齿轮啮合；
所述第二动力传递齿轮与所述第二齿轮对的和输出轴一起持续地旋转的齿轮啮合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的自动手动变速器，其中，所述第一动力传递齿轮与所述第一齿轮对的和输入轴一起持续地旋转的齿轮啮合；
所述第二动力传递齿轮与所述第二齿轮对的能够旋转地安装在输入轴上的齿轮啮合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的自动手动变速器，其中，所述第一动力传递齿轮与所述第一齿轮对的能够旋转地安装在输出轴上的齿轮啮合；
所述第二动力传递齿轮与所述第二齿轮对的和输出轴一起持续地旋转的齿轮啮合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的自动手动变速器，其中，所述第一动力传递齿轮与所述第一齿轮对的能够旋转地安装在输出轴上的齿轮啮合；
所述第二动力传递齿轮与所述第二齿轮对的能够旋转地安装在输入轴上的齿轮啮合。
7.根据权利要求1至6任意一项所述的自动手动变速器，其中，所述第一单向离合器设置在所述电机轴与第一动力传递齿轮之间；
所述第二单向离合器设置在所述电机轴与第二动力传递齿轮之间。
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