CN109826354B

CN109826354B - Green flat slope roof system capable of running in frost period and construction method

Info

Publication number: CN109826354B
Application number: CN201910048954.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘敏
Original assignee: Jiangsu Yangtze River Delta Smart Water Platform Research Institute Co ltd
Current assignee: Jiangsu Yangtze River Delta Smart Water Platform Research Institute Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-01-18
Filing date: 2019-01-18
Publication date: 2022-04-19
Anticipated expiration: 2039-01-18
Also published as: CN109826354A

Abstract

The invention provides a green flat slope roof system capable of running in a frost period and a construction method thereof, wherein the roof system comprises a structural layer and an equipment unit; wherein the structure layer comprises a root resistance layer (100), a drainage layer (200), a water filtering layer (300) and a planting layer (400) from bottom to top; the root-blocking layer (100) is used for inhibiting plant roots from entering a building structure and playing a role in preventing leakage; the drainage layer (200) is used for receiving the irrigation water filtered by the water filtering layer (300), and a drainage pipe (630) is laid on the drainage layer to drain the irrigation water out of the roofing system; the water filtering layer (300) is used for filtering the irrigation water passing through the planting layer (400); the planting layer (400) is used for supporting the growth of plants and creating a green environment for the roof; the equipment unit includes irrigation freeze protection to enable irrigation at lower temperatures. The flat slope roof system and the construction method effectively solve the problems of difficult drainage, water and soil loss, pipeline blockage, high plant management cost, difficult repair and the like and have positive effects.

Description

Green flat slope roof system capable of running in frost period and construction method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of roof greening and assembly type buildings, and particularly relates to a green flat slope roof system capable of running in a frost period and a construction method.

Background

Along with the large-scale urbanization process of the current society, the urban scale is continuously enlarged, the buildings are higher and higher, the density is higher and higher, a large number of high-density reinforced cement forests are formed, greening and water surface for adjusting the urban ecological environment are continuously eaten by silkworms, and as a result, the urban ecological environment is deteriorated, and a plurality of environmental problems of heat island effect, greenhouse effect, serious pollution to the atmospheric environment and the water environment and the like are caused. One way to improve the ecological environment of the city is to develop the green space of the city and construct a rural city. The pressure of human living environment and the pursuit of human beings for quality of life have led city builders and planning designers to focus their attention on the fifth aspect of buildings, the roof.

The comprehensive function of the greening roof can be embodied by the following points: (1) the greening area is increased. The urban roof area is huge, and occupies about half of the total urban greening area, and the green environment can bring relaxed and comfortable feeling to people. (2) Absorb heat and regulate climate. The roof greening can cool the surrounding atmosphere, increase the humidity and absorb harmful gases such as carbon dioxide in the air of a high-rise building to purify the air. (3) And (5) protecting the roof. After the roof is subjected to greening treatment, the direct sunlight irradiation on the roof and the water resistance can be avoided, and the weathering speed of the roof is reduced, so that the service life of the roof is prolonged. (4) After greening the roof can absorb certain high-energy radiation particles, and has a certain relieving effect on radiation pollution.

Present green roofing technique is generally directed against flat-topped roofing, and according to statistics, green roofing infrastructure level is very many, and green roofing can include by lower supreme in proper order: structural layer, heat preservation, look for the slope layer, screed-coat, waterproof layer, root resistance waterproof layer, protective layer, drainage blanket, filter layer, planting soil layer. The traditional green roof is long in construction period and large in roof load, once leakage occurs, leakage points cannot be found and are difficult to maintain, and finally the whole green roof may need to be manufactured again.

The existing green roofing technology still exists: (1) the waterproof layer is heavy, and has a large load on the roof; (2) the drainage system is complex; (3) the frost-period irrigation anti-freezing device needs to be closed, and automatic irrigation cannot be implemented; (4) the planting soil has poor water retention, drainage and fertility retention capabilities, and the drainage system is easily blocked due to water and soil loss; (5) vegetation construction generally adopts turf laying or transplanting of grown plants, and the construction cost and survival management cost are high.

Based on the situation, the invention provides a modular light green roof system and a construction method thereof, which aim at a flat slope roof and can normally operate in the frost period, so as to effectively solve at least part of the problems involved and promote the development of green roof construction.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the inventor of the invention carries out intensive research and provides a green flat slope roof system and a construction method thereof, and irrigation can be carried out at a lower temperature by adopting an irrigation anti-freezing device; by arranging the specific structural layer, the problems that in the prior art, the green roof has many structural layers, and further laying is complicated and the roof load is large are solved; the design of the drainage layer structure is beneficial to the collection and the drainage of irrigation water; by improving the planting layer, the water and soil loss and the risk of easily blocking a drainage pipeline are reduced; by cultivating the plants in seed pellets, the survival rate is improved and the management cost is reduced; by arranging the planting rows which can be interconnected, the modular construction of a roof system is realized, thereby completing the invention.

The invention aims to provide the following technical scheme:

(1) a green flat slope roofing system capable of operating in frost period comprises a structural layer and equipment units;

the structural layer comprises a root resistance layer 100, a drainage layer 200, a water filtering layer 300 and a planting layer 400 from bottom to top;

the root-blocking layer 100 is used for inhibiting plant roots from entering a building structure and playing a role in preventing leakage;

the drainage layer 200 is used for receiving the irrigation water filtered by the water filtering layer 300, and a drainage pipe 630 is laid on the drainage layer, so that the irrigation water is drained out of the roofing system;

the water filtering layer 300 is used for filtering the irrigation water passing through the planting layer 400;

the planting layer 400 is used for supporting plant growth and creating a green environment for a roof;

the equipment unit comprises irrigation freeze protection so that irrigation can be carried out at lower temperatures.

(2) A construction method of a green flat slope roof system capable of operating in a frost period is used for constructing the roof system in the step (1).

The green flat slope roof system capable of running in the frost period and the construction method have the following beneficial effects:

(1) the structure layer disclosed by the roof system can realize the construction of a green roof structure layer, and solves the problems that in the prior art, the green roof has many structural layers, so that the laying is complicated and the roof load is large;

(2) the root-blocking layer has the advantages of light weight, easiness in laying and the like, and has an inhibiting effect on longitudinal extension under the condition that the transverse growth of a plant root system is not influenced;

(3) the design of the longitudinal concave part of the drainage layer is beneficial to laying of the drainage pipe and drainage of irrigation water, and the residual irrigation water prolongs the water consumption of plants;

(4) the water filtering layer of the roof system comprises activated carbon and specific ore particles, has the functions of removing impurities from irrigation water and preserving water while playing a role of filtering, and is beneficial to recycling of the irrigation water and effective water supply to plants;

(5) according to the invention, the planting layer of the roof system adopts a growth medium which is not easy to run off and has strong air permeability and water retention capacity, so that the defects of serious water and soil loss and easy blockage of a drainage pipeline by soil are overcome;

(6) according to the invention, plants are planted in the form of seed pellets, the seed volume is increased, the seeding uniformity is improved, the seeds are not easy to be taken away by water flow and are suitable for seeding, and the pellets contain slow-release nutritional ingredients required by seed germination and can grow in matrixes with low fertility such as ceramsite and the like; the use of the seed pellets is beneficial to solving the problems that the water and soil loss is serious, the soil is easy to block a drainage pipeline, and the direct transplantation of the formed plants is not beneficial to the rooting and survival of the plants and has high management cost;

(7) by using the planting rows, the modular construction of a roof system is realized, and the problems that roof damage such as leakage points are difficult to find and difficult to maintain are solved;

(8) in the invention, the addition of the irrigation anti-freezing device avoids the problem that automatic irrigation cannot be realized in the frost period or under the low-temperature condition, so that the roof system also plays a role in greening in winter;

(9) in the invention, the water storage device and the heat transfer medium supply container are combined into a whole, the water storage function is performed during the non-frost period, and the water storage function and the heat transfer medium storage function are performed during the frost period, so that the land occupation problem is solved;

(10) in the invention, the water storage device adopts solar energy and electric energy for heat supply in a synergic manner, and avoids the peak period of electricity utilization, so that heat supply can be stably and efficiently carried out.

Drawings

FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic structural view of a roofing system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 shows a top view of a drainage layer according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 shows a side view of a drainage layer according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 shows a schematic structural view of a planting row according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

The reference numbers illustrate:

100-a root-resistant layer;

200-a drainage layer;

210-a longitudinal recess;

220-column structure;

230-hurdle body;

300-a water filtration layer;

400-planting layer;

500-planting rows;

510-a support column;

520-middle layer screen plate;

530-bottom layer screen plate;

540-middle barrier;

550-bottom stop;

560-a connector;

610-water supply pipe;

620-drip irrigation pipe;

630-a drain pipe;

640-a water collecting pipe;

650-anti-freezing pipe;

700-a water storage device;

710-a housing;

720-solar heat collector;

730-heat conducting medium box;

740-a heat exchanger;

750-a battery;

760-external power supply;

770-electric heater.

Detailed Description

The present invention will now be described in detail by way of specific embodiments, and features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and apparent from the following description.

The word "exemplary" is used exclusively herein to mean "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. While the various aspects of the embodiments are presented in drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.

An object of an aspect of the present invention is to provide a green flat-slope roofing system capable of operating in a frost period, as shown in fig. 1, which includes a structural layer and an equipment unit;

the root-resistant layer 100 is made of waterproof, water-resistant, corrosion-resistant and mildew-resistant materials, and is used for inhibiting plant root systems from entering a building structure to cause building damage and playing a role in preventing seepage;

In the present invention, the equipment unit includes a drainage means and a water storage means 700 in addition to an irrigation freeze-proofing means; the irrigation freeze and the drainage are communicated with the water storage means 700 through the water supply pipe 610 and the water collection pipe 640.

In a preferred embodiment, the irrigation freeze-proofing device comprises a water supply pipe 610, a plurality of drip irrigation pipes 620 arranged on the roof, and a plurality of anti-freezing pipes 650, wherein the water supply pipe 610 supplies irrigation water from the water storage device 700 to the drip irrigation pipes 620, and the drip irrigation pipes 620 supply water to plants; the anti-freezing pipe 650 is located in the height interval of the water filtering layer 300, and is filled with a heat transfer medium for transferring heat to the roofing system, so that the irrigation water is not easy to freeze due to the temperature of the roofing system in the frost period or at low temperature.

In a further preferred embodiment, the drip irrigation pipe 620 is positioned in the height interval of the planting layer 400 or higher than the planting layer 400, and drip irrigation openings with the diameter of 0.2 cm-0.5 cm are distributed on the pipe diameter.

In a preferred embodiment, the drainage device includes a plurality of drainage pipes 630 laid in the drainage layer 200, and a water collecting pipe 640 collecting irrigation water in the drainage pipes 630 to be delivered to the water storage device 700.

In a further preferred embodiment, a water collecting opening of 0.3 cm-0.5 cm is distributed on the pipe diameter of the water discharging pipe 630.

In a further preferred embodiment, the drain pipe 630 is wrapped with a gauze having a pore size of 0.1cm to 0.3 cm. The reason for wrapping the gauze is to further reduce the risk of the substrate in the planting layer 400 blocking the drain pipe 630, and to eliminate the problem that the drainage efficiency is reduced because the air bubbles caused by the surface tension of the irrigation water cover the drainage port.

In the present invention, the pipe network formed on the roofing system includes the drip irrigation pipe 620, the drain pipe 630 and the anti-freezing pipe 650, and a water storage device and a heat transfer medium supply container are theoretically required, but the arrangement of the two containers has problems of large floor space and complicated equipment control. Therefore, the inventor combines the water storage device and the heat transfer medium supply container into a whole, namely, the water storage device performs the water storage function during the non-frost period, and performs the functions of storing water and heat transfer medium during the frost period, the irrigation water and the heat transfer medium are water with set temperature after being heated, the irrigation water is recovered through the drain pipe 630 and the water collecting pipe 640, and the heat transfer medium can also be recovered through the drain pipe 630 and the water collecting pipe 640.

To this end, the inventors have studied and designed a novel water storage apparatus 700, the water storage apparatus 700 comprising a sealed housing 710, a solar heat collector 720, a heat transfer medium tank 730, a heat exchanger 740, a storage battery 750, an external power source 760, an electric heater 770, and a temperature control system, wherein,

the inside of the closed housing 710 stores irrigation water;

the heat exchanger 740 extends into the shell 710, and heat exchange is performed between the heat-conducting medium circulating in the shell and irrigation water to increase the water temperature; the heat-conducting medium can be heat-conducting oil and the like;

a heat transfer medium tank 730 located outside the case 710 for storing the heat transfer medium introduced into the heat exchanger 740; preferably made of heat-insulating and high-temperature-resistant materials;

the solar thermal collector 720 is positioned outside the shell 710, absorbs solar thermal energy to provide heat for the heat-conducting medium in the heat-conducting medium box 730, and the redundant energy is converted into electric energy to be stored in the storage battery 750; wherein, the solar thermal collector 720 can be a solar thermal collector conventional in the art, such as a photovoltaic thermal collector;

an external power source 760 is in communication with the electric heater 770 for providing heat to the heat transfer medium via the electric heater 770 in the event that the solar collector 720 is unable to provide an effective heat source (e.g., at night);

the storage battery 750 is communicated with the electric heater 770 and is used for driving the electric heater 770 to supply heat to the heat-conducting medium as a standby power supply under the condition that the solar heat collector 720 cannot provide an effective heat source or the external power supply 760 cannot supply power;

the electric heater 770 extends into the heat-conducting medium tank 730 and uses electric energy to heat the heat-conducting medium;

the temperature control system monitors the temperature of the irrigation water in the housing 710, and controls the solar thermal collector 720, the storage battery 750 and the external power source 760 to supply heat to the heat-conducting medium by judging the temperature of the water in the housing 710 and the set temperature.

In the invention, solar heating and electric heating are organically combined, solar heating is carried out in the daytime, a storage battery or a town electric system supplies power at night, and the problem of town power utilization pressure caused by heat supply for a roof system is solved because the storage battery or the town electric system is positioned in a power utilization valley at night.

In a preferred embodiment, the piping in the irrigation freeze and drain is PVC pipe. Further, the peripheries of the pipes for transporting irrigation water and a heat transfer medium, such as the anti-freezing pipe 650, the water supply pipe 610, and the drip irrigation pipe 620, are coated with an insulation material, such as polyurethane foam, etc.

In a preferred embodiment, the housing 710 of the water storage device 700 includes an inner wall and an outer shell forming a sandwich with a thermal insulation medium.

Further, the incubation medium is a long chain alcohol, such as C₁₀-C₁₈Alcohols, preferably dodecanol, tetradecanol, hexadecanol and octadecanol. The long-chain alcohol has the characteristics of large phase change latent heat, no corrosion effect on a metal container, contribution to maintaining the stable water temperature in the water storage device, avoiding heat dissipation and reducing energy consumption. In the case of tetradecanol, the tetradecanol is in a liquid state under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure, has the density of 0.82 relative to water, and has the advantages of light weight, safety and reliability when used in the normal temperature and normal pressure environment; on one hand, the phase transition point of the tetradecanol is 38 ℃, and the phase transition heat is 209.1J/g; the supercooling phenomenon is avoided, and the phase change heat storage effect can be stably realized; on the other hand, the chemical property is stable, and the storage container is not easy to corrode because the chemical property does not react with other substances at normal temperature and normal pressure.

In the present invention, during non-frost periods or periods when irrigation water is not easily frozen, water storage device 700 provides unheated irrigation water; during periods of frost or when irrigation water is susceptible to freezing, the water storage device 700 provides heated irrigation water to the drip irrigation pipe 620 and a heat transfer medium to the antifreeze pipe 650.

In a preferred embodiment, the frost or irrigation water is susceptible to freezing, and the temperature of the heat transfer medium in the irrigation and antifreeze tubes 650 is between 15 ℃ and 30 ℃.

In the present invention, the root-blocking layer 100 in the structural layer is a high molecular polymer material (e.g. a PET self-adhesive waterproof roll material with a copper coating sprayed on the surface), a metal plate, a concrete reinforcing layer or a combination thereof, preferably a PET material with a copper coating sprayed on the surface.

The metal plate and the concrete reinforcing layer prevent the extension of the root system through a compact structure; the high polymer material has the advantages of light weight, easy laying and the like, and the copper coating on the surface of the high polymer material has an inhibiting effect on the extension of the plant root system, so that the root system transversely spreads above the root-resisting layer 100, a network structure is formed among the root systems while the building layer is not damaged, and the functions of preventing wind and solidifying the planting layer 400 are achieved; furthermore, the copper ions have the enzyme inhibiting effect and can kill germs, can be used for preventing and treating various fungal diseases and bacterial diseases, and are beneficial to the health of plant root systems.

In a preferred embodiment, when a PET material with a copper coating sprayed on the surface is used as the root-blocking layer 100, the thickness of the PET material is 1.0-2.5 cm, and the surface resistance is 0.01-0.10 ohm.

In the present invention, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the drainage layer 200 is a flat layer with longitudinal recesses 210, the longitudinal recesses 210 are arranged in a regular horizontal and longitudinal direction, and drainage pipes 630 can be erected in the longitudinal recesses 210 located on a straight line. The longitudinal recess 210 may temporarily store irrigation water infiltrated into the drainage layer 200 to supply water to the drainage pipe 630, thereby facilitating efficient drainage of the irrigation water; irrigation water that cannot be discharged through the water receiving port of the water discharge pipe 630 at the end remains in the longitudinal recess 210 as a subsequent water supply for the plants.

In a preferred embodiment, the longitudinal recess 210 is hemispherical, pyramidal or prismatic, preferably hemispherical.

In a preferred embodiment, two laterally adjacent longitudinal recesses 210 and two longitudinally adjacent longitudinal recesses 210 may enclose a rectangle, preferably a square, at a center point located on the same horizontal cross section. The center of the rectangle (square) is a column structure 220 formed by stacking the edges of four longitudinal recesses 210.

In a further preferred embodiment, between adjacent longitudinal recesses 210, there is a rail 230 which functions as a shape of the longitudinal recesses 210 and a barrier space, and the rail 230 is provided with a groove for placing a drain pipe 630. The height of the groove is lower than the height of the longitudinal recesses 210, so that when irrigation water seeps into the drainage layer 200, water can flow between different longitudinal recesses 210, and drainage pipes 630 are laid in one row (column) to discharge water stored in the longitudinal recesses 210 in adjacent rows (columns).

In a preferred embodiment, the height of the drainage layer is 2.0cm to 4.0cm, the depth of the longitudinal recess 210 is 1.5cm to 3.5cm, and the height of the rail 230 is 1.0cm to 3.0 cm.

In a preferred embodiment, the drainage layer 200 is injection molded from a corrosion-resistant and aging-resistant resin material, such as epoxy resin or polypropylene resin.

In the present invention, the filtered water layer 300 includes activated carbon and mineral particles such as natural zeolite, gravel, volcanic rock, cobblestone, bentonite, and preferably a combination of activated carbon, natural zeolite, and bentonite.

In a preferred embodiment, the mixing volume ratio of the activated carbon, the zeolite and the bentonite is 1 (4-8) to (0.5-1), preferably 1 (6-8) to (0.5), and more preferably 1:8 to 0.5.

In a preferred embodiment, the particle size of the activated carbon, natural zeolite and bentonite is between 0.05cm and 1.5cm, preferably between 0.2cm and 1.0 cm.

In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the filtered water layer 300 is 2.0cm to 5.0cm, preferably 2.0cm to 3.0 cm.

In the present invention, as described above, the water filtering layer 300 is used for filtering irrigation water and filtering out particles in the irrigation water, so as to prevent soil erosion and reduce the risk of blockage of the drainage pipe 630. The activated carbon particles and the crushed stone particles form fine pores by piling up, and only allow water to pass through but block the particles, thereby playing the role of the water filtering layer 300.

The zeolite is an aluminosilicate mineral widely existing in nature, mainly consists of three-dimensional silica and alumina frameworks, a plurality of holes and channels with uniform size are arranged in zeolite crystals, the volume of the zeolite crystals can account for more than 50% of the volume of the zeolite crystals, and the zeolite crystals have large surface area (500-800 m) due to the unique structure²The/g) has the characteristics of adsorption, ion exchange and the like.

In order to reduce the problems that natural zeolite pore channels are easy to block and have poor mutual communication degree and further reduce the adsorption capacity, the zeolite in the invention is preferably modified zeolite after being calcined and activated at high temperature; specifically, the natural zeolite is roasted at 500-550 ℃ for 90-120 min to obtain the modified zeolite. The roasting temperature is lower than 500 ℃, structural water in the natural zeolite can not be effectively escaped, organic impurities can not be removed, and the surface area and the hole connectivity of the zeolite can be increased; calcination temperatures above 550 ℃ can cause damage to the zeolite structure.

The bentonite is one of clay mineral resources which are most widely distributed in the nature, and the main component of the bentonite is typical laminated aluminosilicate mineral, so that the bentonite has better adsorption capacity on toxic heavy metal elements and organic pollutants in water. Meanwhile, the montmorillonite has higher water absorption and expansion capacity, and the volume of the montmorillonite can expand and is several times of the original volume after absorbing water, so that gaps among particles are further reduced due to the expansion of the volume of the montmorillonite during filtration, and the filtration strength is improved; and the montmorillonite has higher water retention capacity due to the property, and provides a longer-term water replenishing function for the irrigated plants. Preferably, the bentonite in the invention has a montmorillonite volume content of not less than 40%.

The activated carbon has a developed microporous structure and a huge specific surface area, comprises a plurality of carbon-based substances with adsorption capacity, can adsorb a plurality of chemical substances on the surface of the carbon-based substances, and has good removal rate on color, smell, taste and other organic matters; and the water-retaining agent can resist strong acid and strong alkali, can withstand water immersion and high temperature, has high water-retaining capacity, and ensures the capacity of the water-retaining agent as a water-filtering layer.

Preferably, the (facultative) phosphorus accumulating bacteria, denitrifying bacteria (anaerobic) and nitrifying bacteria (aerobic) are put into the water filtering layer 300, and the pore structures of the activated carbon, the zeolite and the bentonite, particularly the pore structures of the activated carbon, provide an environment in which oxygen and oxygen lack can coexist, so that the bacteria microorganisms can be retained in the area for a longer time, and the biofilm growth of the microorganisms is facilitated.

The zeolite, the bentonite and the activated carbon have porous structures, natural filtering effect is achieved by utilizing the properties of the zeolite, the bentonite and the activated carbon, and the zeolite, the bentonite and the activated carbon have the function of removing impurities from irrigation water and have the synergistic effect when being used together. The edulcoration function on this layer has practical application nature because irrigation water in the city generally is the water that can not drink after primary treatment, like well water, and the well water retrieval and utilization after irrigating whether discharge irrigation system and be used for follow-up water treatment (reduce the aftertreatment degree of difficulty) or continue to be used for irrigating (reduce the possibility that green roof produced the peculiar smell), all has effective meaning.

The mixing volume ratio of the activated carbon, zeolite and bentonite is specifically selected. The proportion of the activated carbon is increased, the adsorption effect on impurities is obviously enhanced, the activated carbon is beneficial to the survival of microorganisms, but the activated carbon is light in weight, has no water absorption expansion function, and reduces the water filtration stability; the proportion of zeolite is increased, which is beneficial to the water filtration stability of the water filtration layer 300, but is not beneficial to maintaining the water retention capacity and the microbial adaptability; the proportion of bentonite is increased, the water retention capacity and the filtering performance are enhanced, but the stability of the layer can not be ensured due to the insufficient pressure bearing capacity and the capacity of maintaining microorganisms.

In the present invention, in order to solve the disadvantages of the present invention that the water and soil loss is serious and the drain pipe 630 is easily blocked, the substrate for supporting the plant growth in the planting layer 400 is one or a combination of granular ceramsite with the size of soybean grains, vesuvianite, sandstone, water-absorbent resin, etc., rather than soil. Wherein, the porcelain granule is artificial light aggregate, the shell is hard, the surface has a layer of glaze layer, the inside has microporous ceramic granular substance, it is fired by clay material (such as kaolin), non-toxic, tasteless, corrosion-resistant, and have extremely good water retentivity, and it is very favorable to the attachment growth of microorganism.

In a preferred embodiment, the planting layer 400 has a thickness of 3.0cm to 6.0cm, preferably 4.0cm to 5.0 cm.

In the invention, because the planting layer 400 abandons soil as a growing medium of plants and adopts ceramsite and the like, the defects of serious water and soil loss and easy blockage of the drainage pipe 630 by the soil are overcome, but the problems of reduced substrate fertility, high cost for irrigating water with nutrient solution, unfavorable root-tying survival of the plants, increased management cost, direct planting survival rate by adopting plant seeds and the like are also generated.

Through research and a large number of experiments, the seeds are prepared into seed pellets, the volume is increased, the sowing uniformity can be improved, the seeds are not easy to be taken away by water flow and are suitable for sowing, and the slow-release nutrient components required by seed germination exist in the pellets and can grow in matrixes with low fertility such as ceramsite and the like.

In the invention, the seed pill is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:

in a preferred embodiment, the seeds are one or more of calamus seeds, celandine seeds, loosestrife seeds, mint seeds, horseshoe grass seeds and other aquatic plant seeds, or one or more of ryegrass, alfalfa, green bristlegrass and other non-aquatic plant seeds. The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned plant seeds, but it is preferable.

In a further preferred embodiment, the seed is a coated seed; preferably, the preparation step of the coated seed comprises:

adding water with the temperature of 85-95 ℃ into starch, and continuously stirring to obtain a starch solution with the mass concentration of 4-6 percent;

uniformly mixing the seeds with the starch solution with the weight being 4-5 times of that of the seeds, and drying in the shade to obtain primary coated seeds;

adding the primary coated seeds to the amount which is 2-3 times of the weight of the primary coated seeds, wherein the weight of the primary coated seeds is calculated by mixing (2-3): and (3) mixing the mixture with the mass ratio of 1, stirring and uniformly mixing the mixture, and drying the mixture in the shade to obtain the coated seeds.

The coated seed prepared by the method is matched with active ingredients, inerts and adhesive substances, so that the seed can be promoted to germinate and germinate rapidly, and the seed is endowed with multiple resistances, and the seed is ensured to have a good growth situation.

In a preferred embodiment, the active ingredient comprises a water-absorbing agent and a bactericide.

The water absorbent is selected from one or more of polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate or starch grafted acrylate, and the added water retention agent can absorb and retain water which is hundreds times or even thousands times of the weight of the water absorbent, so that the weight of seed pellets is effectively increased, meanwhile, the contact of seeds and water is quickly maintained, and the germination and emergence efficiency of the seeds is improved.

The bactericide is selected from one or more of tebuconazole, hexaconazole, difenoconazole, propiconazole or triadimefon.

In a further preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of the water-absorbing agent and the bactericide is 0.5: (0.0005 to 0.0015).

In a preferred embodiment, the inert matter comprises mineral powder and curing agent, the mineral powder is selected from one or more of diatomite, kaolin, zeolite powder, coal ash and the like, the curing agent comprises humus-containing soil, fulvic acid concentrated solution and microbial liquid, and preferably, the ratio of the mineral powder to the humus-containing soil, the fulvic acid concentrated solution and the microbial liquid in the curing agent is 250: (40-70): (8-24): (20-30).

The microbial liquid is a liquid obtained by culturing and fermenting one or more of actinomycetes, azotobacter, bacillus subtilis, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes, bacillus megaterium and sulfate reducing bacteria. After the microbial liquid, the organic biofertilizer and the humic acid act, a series of metabolites can be generated, and the purposes of preventing diseases and resisting insects are achieved by competing space and nutrition and generating various antibacterial and insect-resistant substances. In addition, the fertilizer can stimulate the growth and development of crops, improve the stress resistance of the crops, and promote the germination of seeds and the growth and development of root systems.

The components are mixed according to a predetermined compatibility relationship to form an environment which is very beneficial to the growth of plants; the environment is also very beneficial to the rapid growth and metabolism of microorganisms (the fulvic acid concentrated solution and humus have main effects); the fulvic acid concentrated solution and humus act together to improve the microenvironment of the surface of the seeds; promoting seed germination and transformation of material and energy inside the seeds, so that the seeds show early germination and improved germination rate and germination vigor; meanwhile, the growth of harmful fungi can be inhibited, nutrients required by the growth of the seedling stage can be supplied, and the development and growth of the root system of the seedling stage can be promoted; has mild effect and is biodegradable.

In a preferred embodiment, the viscosifier comprises one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, starch, attapulgite ore or red clay. In the invention, the sticky material has excellent water solubility and no side effect on seed germination, and the addition of the sticky material in the process of preparing the seed pellets can effectively improve the compressive strength of the seed pellets and reduce the breakage rate.

In a preferred embodiment, the step of preparing the seed pellets comprises:

step 1), preparing a pelleted preparation;

and 2) mixing the seeds with the pelleting preparation to prepare the seed pellets.

In step 1) of the invention, the pelleting preparation comprises inerts, sticky substances and active ingredients; wherein, when preparing the seed pellets, the active ingredient is applied in the form of a solution spray, the preparation steps being: and respectively weighing the water-retaining agent and the bactericide in the active ingredients according to the weight ratio, dissolving the water-retaining agent and the bactericide in sequence to prepare a solution of the active ingredients, and placing the solution in a spraying device for later use.

Step 2) comprises the following substeps:

step 2.1), weighing the seeds, the inert substances and the sticky substances, uniformly mixing, and adding into a container of a pelleting device;

step 2.2), the active ingredient is atomized and then granulated.

In the present invention, it is preferred to load the active ingredient into the spraying apparatus and, after opening the pelleting apparatus, to atomize the active ingredient solution and spray it uniformly onto the seeds.

In a preferred embodiment, the pelletizing machine has the pelletizing rotation speed of 50-80 rpm and the pelletizing time of 15 min.

And 2.3) shaping and drying the pellets obtained by pelleting.

The seed pellets may be spherical or pressed into a flat shape.

In a preferred embodiment, the drying temperature is 35-40 ℃, the moisture content of the dried pellets is below 12%, and the seeds are easy to preserve and are not easy to rot and deteriorate under the moisture content.

In the invention, in order to solve the problems that the construction period is long, the roof load is large, once leakage occurs, the leakage point cannot be found and the maintenance is difficult, and finally the whole green roof system may need to be manufactured again, the inventor of the invention carries out a great deal of research, fixes a plurality of interconnected planting rows 500 on the drainage layer 200, and lays the water filtering layer 300 and the planting layer 400 in the planting rows 500, thereby providing a modular green roof construction mode.

In the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the planting row 500 is a two-layer rectangular frame structure, and includes four supporting columns 510, and a middle layer screen 520 and a bottom layer screen 530 respectively fixed at the bottom and inside the length interval of the supporting columns 510, wherein a middle layer stopper 540 is surrounded by the middle layer screen 520, and a bottom stopper 550 is surrounded by the bottom layer screen 530;

wherein, the water filtering layer 300 is laid on the bottom layer screen plate 530, and the planting layer 400 is laid on the middle layer screen plate 520.

In a preferred embodiment, the middle barrier 540 around the middle screen 520 is a perforated guard plate or guard net; the middle layer screen 520 and the middle layer stopper 540 are both made of perforated plates, which facilitate the outflow of irrigation water, the extension of plant roots and the circulation of oxygen-containing air.

The bottom stoppers 550 around the bottom screen 530 are perforated guard plates or guard nets; the bottom screen 530 and the bottom baffle 550 are both perforated plates to facilitate the flow of irrigation water and the flow of oxygen-containing air. The guard net comprises a flexible guard net and a solid guard net, wherein the flexible guard net has stronger deformability, and the solid guard net has poorer deformability.

As the plant roots in the planting layer grow, the middle layer screen 520, the middle layer stopper 540, the bottom layer screen 530 and the bottom stopper 550 can be stably connected together by the roots without reducing the stability of the planting rows 500 due to the through holes or the guard nets.

In a further preferred embodiment, the bottom stoppers 550 around the bottom net plate 530 may or may not contact the middle net plate 520, and preferably, the bottom stoppers 550 contact the middle net plate 520, so as to effectively reduce the height of the planting rows 500 while ensuring the filling stability of the packing in the water filtration layer 300.

In a preferred embodiment, the row 500 may be made of a metal material, or a corrosion-resistant and aging-resistant resin material, such as epoxy resin or polypropylene resin.

When planting row 500 is a resin material, planting row 500 can alternatively be integrally formed. This row 500 is planted to integral type has convenient to use's characteristics.

When the planting row 500 is made of resin material, it is preferable that the supporting column 510, the middle layer screen 520, the bottom layer screen 530, the middle layer stopper 540 and the bottom stopper 550 are separately processed, through holes allowing the supporting column 510 to be inserted are formed at four corners of the middle layer screen 520, through holes or hollow columns allowing the supporting column 510 to be inserted are formed at four corners of the bottom layer screen 530, and the middle layer screen 520 and the bottom layer screen 530 are limited by fixing buckles or stoppers below the middle layer screen 520 and the bottom layer screen 530 on the supporting column 510. The combined planting row 500 has the characteristics of adjustable interlayer height, convenience in laying of the water filtering layer 300, convenience in transportation and the like.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, since the anti-freezing pipe 650 is installed in the height interval of the water filtering layer 300 in order to avoid the frost irrigation problem, the drip irrigation pipe 620 is located in the height interval of the planting layer 400 or higher than the planting layer 400, and the installation height is higher than the anti-freezing pipe 650, the present inventors structurally combine the planting rows 500 with the pipeline (the drip irrigation pipe 620 and the anti-freezing pipe 650) in order to facilitate the laying of the pipeline. Specifically, the support columns 510, the middle flight 540, and/or the bottom flight 550 on the pipelaying trajectory are provided with lateral recesses corresponding to the pipelaying height.

When the drip irrigation pipe 620 is located in the height interval of the planting layer 400 as in the laying track of the drip irrigation pipe 620, the middle barrier 540 is a flexible protective net, and the support column 510 is provided with a transverse concave part capable of accommodating the drip irrigation pipe 620; the middle barrier 540 is a perforated shield or a rigid protective mesh, and the support columns 510 and the middle barrier 540 have lateral recesses for receiving the drip irrigation tubes 620. When the drip irrigation pipe 620 is higher than the planting layer 400, a lateral recess is provided in the support post 510 to accommodate the drip irrigation pipe 620.

If the anti-freezing pipe 650 is laid on the track, when the anti-freezing pipe 650 is located in the height interval of the bottom stopper 450, the bottom stopper 550 is a flexible protective net, and the support column 510 has a transverse recess for accommodating the anti-freezing pipe 650; the bottom stopper 550 is a perforated guard or a rigid guard net, and the support columns 510 and the bottom stopper 550 are provided with transverse recesses for accommodating the anti-freezing pipes 650; when the freeze pipe 650 is at a higher elevation than the bottom stop 550, the support column 510 has a lateral recess for receiving the freeze pipe 650.

The support column 510, the middle flight 540, or the bottom flight 550 have a total of two layers of lateral recesses corresponding to the laying height of the pipeline, as in the laying trajectory of the drip irrigation pipe 620 and the antifreeze pipe 650.

In the present invention, the planting rows 500 are detachably connected to each other by a connector 560, such as a wire, for example, for hinging the planting rows 500.

In a preferred embodiment, one or more connectors 560 are sleeved on the supporting column 510, and the ends of the connectors 560 form a semi-circular ring shape for hooking the adjacent planting rows 500.

In the present invention, the size of the planting rows 500 is not limited, and can be adjusted according to the size of the roof and the arrangement rule of the designed planting rows 500. Meanwhile, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the shape of the planting row 500 may be other shapes, such as trapezoid, hexagon, circle, irregular shape, etc., and the installation position of the supporting column 510 needs to be adjusted accordingly to meet the requirement of supporting the planting row 500 and the interconnection between the planting rows 500.

Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a green flat-slope roofing system capable of operating in a frost period, which is used for constructing the roofing system, and comprises the steps of laying a structural layer of the roofing system and constructing equipment units;

the structure layer of the roofing system comprises a root-resisting layer 100, a drainage layer 200, a water filtering layer 300 and a planting layer 400 from bottom to top;

In a further preferred embodiment, the drain pipe 630 is wrapped with a gauze having a pore size of 0.1cm to 0.3 cm.

In the present invention, the water storage device and the heat transfer medium supply container are integrated, that is, the water storage device performs a water storage function during a non-frost period, and performs a water storage function and a heat transfer medium storage function during a frost period, the irrigation water and the heat transfer medium are heated water of a set temperature, the irrigation water is recovered through the drain pipe 630 and the header pipe 640, and the heat transfer medium is also recovered through the drain pipe 630 and the header pipe 640.

In the present invention, the water storage device 700 comprises a sealed housing 710, a solar heat collector 720, a heat conducting medium tank 730, a heat exchanger 740, a storage battery 750, an external power source 760, an electric heater 770 and a temperature control system, wherein,

the inside of the closed housing 710 stores irrigation water;

In a preferred embodiment, the piping in the irrigation freeze and drain is PVC pipe. Further, the pipe lines for transferring the heat transfer medium, such as the anti-freezing pipe 650 and the water supply pipe 610, are coated with an insulating material, such as polyurethane foam, at the outer periphery thereof.

In a preferred embodiment, the housing 710 of the water storage device 700 includes an inner wall and an outer shell forming a sandwich with a thermal insulation medium. Further, the incubation medium is a long chain alcohol, such as C₁₀-C₁₈Alcohols, preferably dodecanol, tetradecanol, hexadecanol and octadecanol.

In a further preferred embodiment, between adjacent longitudinal recesses 210 there is a rail 230 which functions as a recess formation and a barrier space, and the rail 230 is provided with a groove for placing a drain pipe 630. The height of the groove is lower than the height of the longitudinal recesses 210, so that when irrigation water seeps into the drainage layer 200, water can flow between different longitudinal recesses 210, and drainage pipes 630 are laid in one row (column) to discharge water stored in the longitudinal recesses 210 in adjacent rows (columns).

Preferably, the mixing volume ratio of the activated carbon, the zeolite and the bentonite is 1 (4-8): 0.5-1, preferably 1 (6-8): 0.5, and more preferably 1:8: 0.5.

Preferably, the particle size of the activated carbon, natural zeolite and bentonite is 0.05cm to 1.5cm, preferably 0.2cm to 1.0 cm.

Preferably, the thickness of the water filtration layer 300 is 2.0cm to 5.0cm, preferably 2.0cm to 3.0 cm.

In the present invention, the substrate for supporting the growth of plants in the planting layer 400 is one or a combination of granular ceramsite with soybean grain size, vesuvianite, sandstone, water-absorbent resin, etc., and is not soil.

Preferably, the particle size of the matrix in the planting layer 400 is 3.0cm to 6.0cm, preferably 4.0cm to 5.0 cm.

In a preferred embodiment, the seeds are formed into seed pellets to accommodate the planting layer 400 matrix and promote rooting growth of the plant.

In a preferred embodiment, to realize a modular green roof, a plurality of planting rows 500, which may be interconnected, are fixed to the drainage layer 200. As shown in fig. 4, the planting row 500 is a two-layer rectangular frame structure, and includes four supporting columns 510, and a middle layer screen 520 and a bottom layer screen 530 respectively fixed at the bottom and inside the length interval of the supporting columns 510, wherein a middle layer stopper 540 is surrounded by the middle layer screen 520, and a bottom stopper 550 is surrounded by the bottom layer screen 530; the middle stoppers 540 around the middle screen 520 are perforated guard plates or protective nets, and the bottom stoppers 550 around the bottom screen 530 are perforated guard plates or protective nets.

In the present invention, the planting rows 500 are detachably connected to each other by a connector 560, such as a wire, for example, for hinging the planting rows 500. Preferably, one or more connectors 560 are sleeved on the supporting column 510, and the ends of the connectors 560 form a semicircular ring shape for hooking the adjacent planting rows 500.

In a preferred embodiment, the inventors structurally combine planting rows 500 with tubing. Specifically, the support columns 510, the middle flight 540, and/or the bottom flight 550 on the pipelaying trajectory are provided with lateral recesses corresponding to the pipelaying height.

The feasibility of combining the planting rows 500 with the pipeline in a structural manner is based on the modularity of the planting rows 500, and the convenience of pipeline laying further embodies the advantages of the modular roofing system.

Examples

Example 1

A green flat-slope roof system and a construction method thereof construct the roof system shown in figure 1 for a flat-slope roof. Paving a PET self-adhesive waterproof coiled material (the thickness is 2.0cm, the surface resistance is 0.06 omega) with a copper coating sprayed on the surface on the roof, and tightly connecting the coiled material with the roof; the drainage layer 200 made of epoxy resin is laid on the waterproof roll, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the drainage layer 200 is a flat layer with longitudinal concave parts 210, the longitudinal concave parts 210 are regularly and transversely and longitudinally arranged, and drainage pipes 630 can be erected in the longitudinal concave parts 210 which are positioned on a straight line. Between adjacent longitudinal recesses 210, there is a rail 230 which functions as the shape of the longitudinal recesses 210 and as a barrier space, and the rail 230 is provided with a groove for placing a drain pipe 630. The height of the drainage layer is 3.0cm, the depth of the longitudinal concave part 210 is 2.5cm, and the height of the hurdle 230 is 2.0 cm.

Arranging planting rows 500 on the drainage layer 200, wherein the planting rows 500 are of a two-layer rectangular frame structure and comprise four supporting columns 510, and a middle layer screen plate 520 and a bottom layer screen plate 530 which are respectively fixed in the length intervals and at the bottom ends of the supporting columns 510; a flexible protective net is arranged around the middle layer screen plate 520, a protective plate with holes is arranged around the bottom layer screen plate 530, and the protective plate with holes is in high contact with the middle layer screen plate 520. The water filtering layer 300 is laid on the bottom layer screen plate 530, and the planting layer 400 is laid on the middle layer screen plate 520. The height of the upper layer of the planting row 500 is 5.0cm, the height of the lower layer is 3.0cm, and the upper layer is covered by a protective net. The planting rows 500 are fixedly connected through metal wires.

The drainage layer 300 is composed of activated carbon, zeolite and bentonite in a volume ratio of 1:8:0.5 and having a particle size of 0.05cm to 1.5cm, and the thickness of the drainage layer 300 is about 3.0 cm. Wherein the zeolite is obtained by roasting at 550 ℃ for 90 min. The substrate of the planting layer 400 is granular ceramsite with the size of soybean grains, the thickness is about 4.0cm, and ryegrass seed pellets are planted in the planting layer.

The drip irrigation pipe 620 is erected on the planting layer 400, the drip irrigation pipe 620 is higher than the planting layer 400, and the support column 510 is provided with a transverse concave part capable of accommodating the drip irrigation pipe 620. The drip irrigation pipe 620 delivers the irrigation water in the water storage device 700 to all parts of the roof to supply water for plants. The anti-freezing pipe 650 is erected in the height interval of the water filtering layer 300, the anti-freezing pipe 650 is higher than the bottom stopper 550, and the supporting column 510 and the perforated guard plate are provided with transverse concave parts capable of accommodating the drip irrigation pipe 620. The drainage pipe 630 (with the gauze wrapped thereon) in the drainage layer 200 collects irrigation water or precipitation that has permeated into the drainage layer 200, and is merged again into the water storage device 700 by the water collection pipe 640.

The water storage device comprises a closed shell 710, a solar thermal collector 720, a heat-conducting medium box 730, a heat exchanger 740, a storage battery 750, an external power supply 760, an electric heater 770 and a temperature control system. The solar thermal collector 720 is used as an energy device in the daytime, and the storage battery or the town power system is used as an energy device in the nighttime. The housing 710 supplies water to the drip irrigation pipe 520 and the freezing prevention pipe 530 through the water supply pipe 510 via the water outlet, and the irrigation water flows back into the housing 710 through the water inlet via the water discharge pipe.

The rye grass seed pellets are sown in the beginning of 11 months, the temperature of irrigation water and heat transfer medium is maintained at 20-25 ℃, and the rye grass can successfully cover the roof in the middle 12 months.

Example 2

A method for constructing a green flat-slope roofing system, which is used for constructing the roofing system shown in figure 1. The roofing system was the same as in example 1, except that about 1X 10 was placed in the drainage layer 300⁸CFU/g phosphorus accumulating bacteria, 2X 10⁸CFU/g denitrifying bacteria and 3X 10⁸CFU/g nitrifying bacteria.

Example 3

A method for constructing a green slope roofing system, which is used for constructing the roofing system shown in figure 1. The roofing system is the same as in example 1, except that the volume ratio of activated carbon, zeolite and bentonite in the drainage layer 300 is 1:6: 0.5.

Example 4

A method for constructing a green slope roofing system, which is used for constructing the roofing system shown in figure 1. The roofing system is the same as in example 1, except that the volume ratio of activated carbon, zeolite and bentonite in the drainage layer 300 is 1:1: 1.

Example 5

A method for constructing a green flat-slope roofing system, which is used for constructing the roofing system shown in figure 1. This roofing system is identical to that of example 1, except that the water filtration layer consists only of zeolite.

Example 6

A method for constructing a green flat-slope roofing system, which is used for constructing the roofing system shown in figure 1. The roofing system was the same as in example 1, except that the water filtration layer consisted only of zeolite and bentonite, in a volume ratio of 8: 0.5.

Example 7

A method for constructing a green flat-slope roofing system, which is used for constructing the roofing system shown in figure 1. The roofing system is the same as in example 1, except that the water filtration layer consists only of activated carbon.

Example 8

Seed pill proportioning:

wherein, the inert substances comprise the following specific components:

preparation of seed pellets:

drying kaolin and humus-containing soil (inert matter) in the sun, crushing, sieving with a 60-mesh sieve, drying red clay (sticky matter), crushing, and sieving with the 60-mesh sieve.

0.10Kg of rye grass seeds, 0.95Kg of kaolin, 0.15Kg of humus-containing soil and 0.08Kg of red clay are weighed in sequence.

50.58g of active ingredients (sodium polyacrylate and tebuconazole) are dissolved in 100mL of acetone, then the solution is placed in a liquid box of a spraying device of a pelleting machine, the pelleting machine is started, the rotating speed is adjusted to 70 r/min, and pelleting is carried out for 15min, so that ryegrass seeds are pelleted. Drying at 35 deg.C until the water content is below 12%.

Randomly taking 100 seed pills, placing the seed pills on a wet paper bed, and detecting the seed existence rate of the seeds one by one after disintegration, wherein the seed existence rate is 99%; 100 seed pellets were randomly taken, sown in the planting layer of example 1, and the germination rate was observed and calculated to be 97%.

Example 9

The method of preparation of the seed pellets was the same as in example 8, except that the rye grass seeds were ryegrass coated seeds, and the coated seeds were prepared by the following steps:

adding 475g of water with the temperature of 85 ℃ into 25g of starch, and continuously stirring to obtain 0.50Kg of starch solution with the mass concentration of 5 percent of starch;

uniformly mixing 0.10Kg of seeds with the starch solution with the weight 5 times of that of the seeds, and drying in the shade to obtain primary coated seeds;

adding 350g of the primary coated seeds into a mixture of 2: and (3) mixing the mixture with the mass ratio of 1, stirring and uniformly mixing the mixture, and drying the mixture in the shade to obtain the coated seeds.

Randomly taking 100 seed pills, placing the seed pills on a wet paper bed, and detecting the seed existence rate of the seeds one by one after disintegration, wherein the seed existence rate is 100%; 100 seed pellets were randomly taken, sown in the planting layer of example 1, and the germination rate was observed and calculated to be 98%.

Comparative example 1

The seed pellets were prepared in the same manner as in example 9, except that no kaolin was added to the inerts.

Randomly taking 100 seed pellets, placing the seed pellets on a wet paper bed, and detecting the seed existence rate of the seeds one by one after disintegration, wherein the seed existence rate is 77%; 100 seed pellets were randomly taken, sown in the planting layer of example 1, and observed and calculated to have a germination rate of 75%.

Comparative example 2

The seed pellets were prepared in the same manner as in example 9, except that no fulvic acid concentrate was added to the inerts.

Randomly taking 100 seed pellets, placing the seed pellets on a wet paper bed, and detecting the seed existence rate of the seeds one by one after disintegration, wherein the seed existence rate is 93%; 100 seed pellets were randomly taken, sown in the planting layer of example 1, and the germination rate was observed and calculated to be 92%.

Comparative example 3

The seed pellets were prepared in the same manner as in example 9, except that no humus-containing soil was added to the inerts.

Randomly taking 100 seed pills, placing the seed pills on a wet paper bed, and detecting the seed existence rate of the seeds one by one after disintegration, wherein the seed existence rate is 96%; 100 seed pellets were randomly taken, sown in the planting layer of example 1, and the germination rate was observed and calculated to be 93%.

Comparative example 4

The seed pellets were prepared in the same way as in example 9, except that no microbial solution was added to the inerts.

Randomly taking 100 seed pellets, placing the seed pellets on a wet paper bed, and detecting the seed existence rate of the seeds one by one after disintegration, wherein the seed existence rate is 97%; 100 seed pellets were randomly taken, sown in the planting layer of example 1, and the germination rate was observed and calculated to be 92%.

Comparative example 5

The seed pellets were prepared in the same manner as in example 9 except that no water-absorbing agent was added to the active ingredient.

Randomly taking 100 seed pellets, placing the seed pellets on a wet paper bed, and detecting the seed existence rate of the seeds one by one after disintegration, wherein the seed existence rate is 94%; 100 seed pellets were randomly taken, sown in the planting layer of example 1, and the germination rate was observed and calculated to be 84%.

Examples of the experiments

COD in irrigation water_Cr55.9mg/L, ammonia nitrogen 27.3mg/L, total nitrogen 32.7mg/L, total phosphorus 4.4mg/L, heavy metal Pb 0.455mg/L, pH 7.2, and water amount 1m³The temperature of the irrigation water is 15-20 ℃.

The roofing systems of examples 1-7 (not set on a real roof for ease of testing) were simulated and the seed pellets were those of example 9.

The water is discharged for 24 hours after the cyclic irrigation treatment of the green system, and the water quality after 24 hours is measured, and the result is shown in the following table 1.

TABLE 1

The invention has been described in detail with reference to specific embodiments and/or illustrative examples and the accompanying drawings, which, however, should not be construed as limiting the invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements may be made to the technical solution of the present invention and its embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A green flat slope roofing system capable of operating in frost period is characterized by comprising a structural layer and equipment units;

wherein the structure layer comprises a root resistance layer (100), a drainage layer (200), a water filtering layer (300) and a planting layer (400) from bottom to top;

the root-blocking layer (100) is used for inhibiting plant roots from entering a building structure and playing a role in preventing leakage;

the drainage layer (200) is used for receiving the irrigation water filtered by the water filtering layer (300), and a drainage pipe (630) is laid on the drainage layer, so that the irrigation water is drained out of the roofing system;

the water filtering layer (300) is used for filtering the irrigation water passing through the planting layer (400);

the planting layer (400) is used for supporting plant growth and creating a green environment for a roof;

the root-resisting layer (100) in the structural layer is a PET material with a copper coating sprayed on the surface;

the drainage layer (200) is a flat layer with longitudinal concave parts (210), the longitudinal concave parts (210) are regularly and transversely and longitudinally arranged, and drainage pipes (630) are erected in the longitudinal concave parts (210) on one straight line;

a fence body (230) which plays the roles of forming the longitudinal concave parts (210) and blocking space is arranged between the adjacent longitudinal concave parts (210) in the drainage layer (200), and a groove for placing a drainage pipe (630) is arranged on the fence body (230);

the water filtering layer (300) is formed by combining activated carbon, natural zeolite and bentonite;

the mixing volume ratio of the activated carbon to the zeolite to the bentonite is 1: 4-8: 0.5-1;

the particle size of the activated carbon, the natural zeolite and the bentonite in the water filtering layer (300) is 0.05 cm-1.5 cm; the zeolite is modified zeolite after high-temperature roasting and activation, and natural zeolite is roasted at 400-550 ℃ for 90-120 min to obtain modified zeolite;

the thickness of the water filtering layer (300) is 2.0 cm-5.0 cm;

the substrate for supporting the growth of plants in the planting layer (400) is one or the combination of granular ceramsite with the size of soybean grains, vesuvianite, sandstone and water-absorbent resin, but not soil, and the plants in the planting layer (400) are cultivated in the form of seed pellets;

a plurality of interconnected planting rows (500) are fixed on the drainage layer (200);

the planting row (500) is of a two-layer rectangular frame structure and comprises four supporting columns (510), a middle layer screen plate (520) and a bottom layer screen plate (530) which are respectively fixed in the length intervals and at the bottom ends of the supporting columns (510), a middle layer stopper (540) is arranged around the middle layer screen plate (520), and a bottom stopper (550) is arranged around the bottom layer screen plate (530);

wherein the water filtering layer (300) is laid on the bottom layer screen plate (530), and the planting layer (400) is laid on the middle layer screen plate (520);

the middle layer blocking pieces (540) around the middle layer screen plate (520) are guard plates or guard nets with holes; bottom stoppers (550) around the bottom layer screen plate (530) are perforated guard plates or guard nets; the equipment unit comprises an irrigation freeze-proofing device, so that irrigation can be implemented at a lower temperature;

the irrigation anti-freezing device comprises a plurality of anti-freezing pipes (650), wherein the anti-freezing pipes (650) are positioned in the height interval of the water filtering layer (300), and heat transfer media are introduced for transferring heat to a roofing system, so that the irrigation water is not easy to freeze due to the temperature of the roofing system in the frost period or at low temperature;

the equipment unit comprises an irrigation anti-freezing device, a drainage device and a water storage device (700); the irrigation anti-freezing device and the drainage device are communicated with the water storage device (700) through a water supply pipe (610) and a water collection pipe (640);

the drainage device comprises a plurality of drainage pipes (630) laid in the drainage layer (200), and a water collecting pipe (640) for collecting irrigation water in the drainage pipes (630) to be conveyed to the water storage device (700);

a water collecting opening of 0.3 cm-0.5 cm is distributed on the drain pipe (630); the periphery of the drain pipe (630) is wrapped with a gauze, and the aperture of the gauze is 0.1 cm-0.3 cm;

the water storage device (700) comprises a closed shell (710), a solar heat collector (720), a heat-conducting medium box (730) and a heat exchanger (740),

the inside of the closed shell (710) stores irrigation water;

the heat exchanger (740) extends into the shell (710) and performs heat exchange with the irrigation water through the heat-conducting medium circulating in the shell to improve the water temperature;

a heat transfer medium tank (730) located outside the housing (710) for storing the heat transfer medium introduced into the heat exchanger (740);

the solar heat collector (720) is positioned outside the shell (710) and absorbs solar heat energy to provide heat for the heat-conducting medium in the heat-conducting medium box (730);

the irrigation anti-freezing device comprises a water supply pipe (610) and a plurality of drip irrigation pipes (620) distributed on the roof,

the drip irrigation pipe (620) is positioned in the height interval of the planting layer (400) or higher than the planting layer (400), 0.2-0.5 cm drip irrigation openings are distributed on the pipe, the water supply pipe (610) conveys irrigation water to the drip irrigation pipe (620) from the water storage device (700), and the drip irrigation pipe (620) supplies water for plants;

the periphery of the pipeline for conveying irrigation water and heat transfer medium is covered with heat-insulating material.

2. The roofing system according to claim 1, characterized in that the water storage means (700) comprise an accumulator (750), an external power source (760), an electric heater (770) and a temperature control system, wherein,

the external power supply (760) is communicated with the electric heater (770) and used for supplying heat to the heat-conducting medium through the electric heater (770) under the condition that the solar heat collector (720) cannot provide an effective heat source;

the storage battery (750) is communicated with the electric heater (770) and used as a standby power supply to drive the electric heater (770) to supply heat to the heat-conducting medium under the condition that the solar heat collector (720) cannot provide an effective heat source or an external power supply (760) cannot supply power;

the electric heater (770) extends into the heat-conducting medium box (730) and utilizes electric energy to heat the heat-conducting medium;

the temperature control system monitors the temperature of the irrigation water in the shell (710), and controls the heat supply of the solar heat collector (720), the storage battery (750) and the external power supply (760) to the heat-conducting medium by judging the water temperature in the shell (710) and the set temperature.

3. The roofing system according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the root-stop layer (100) is 1.0-2.5 cm;

the height of the drainage layer is 2.0 cm-4.0 cm, the depth of the longitudinal concave part (210) is 1.5 cm-3.5 cm, and the height of the fence body (230) is 1.0 cm-3.0 cm;

the thickness of the planting layer (400) is 3.0 cm-6.0 cm.

4. The roofing system defined in claim 1,

and transverse recesses corresponding to the laying height of the pipeline are arranged on the supporting columns (510), the middle stoppers (540) and/or the bottom stoppers (550) on the laying tracks of the drip irrigation pipes (620) and the anti-freezing pipes (650).