RU2327648C2 - Device for treatment of domestic waste waters - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention may be used for the treatment of domestic waste waters from detached facilities and individual residential buildings. The device consists of the following components installed in a heated heat-insulated room: equalising filter 2, anaerobic biofilter 3, heat accumulator 4, internal vegetable/soil filter 5, intermediate vessel 12, pipelines for feeding water to the vegetable/soil filters; external vegetable/soil filter 13 and a reservoir connected with anaerobic biofilter 3 by drainage channel 14. The heated heat-insulated room also houses punch 7, rotary receiving tray 8, black effluent liquid receiver 9, and communicating tanks for the aquaculture 10. Equalising filter 2 is connected with external vegetable/soil filter 13 divided into sectors through intermediate vessel 12. Inside of the bed of external vegetable/soil filter 13, ventilation air ducts 19 are laid. Treated water passes to collector 15 through a sand filter.

EFFECT: decreased device power consumption in cold climate conditions; provision of optimum temperature conditions for processes at any time of year.

5 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for the treatment of domestic wastewater, namely, soil filters, botanical sites, treatment facilities based on a year-round greenhouse, treatment facilities based on aquaculture, devices for filtering, storage and disposal of treated water, heat, energy stores, and can be used when cleaning domestic wastewater from separately located facilities and individual residential buildings.

The effectiveness of biological treatment of domestic wastewater is achieved through complex physical, chemical and biological processes in the soil and water phase, and the utilization of water and valuable components with the greatest possible benefit is carried out when they are used in agriculture.

The efficiency of heat accumulation is to minimize heat loss due to the treatment of effluents in a thermally insulated room.

A device for the treatment of domestic wastes [Heeb J., Zust B. Sand and plant filter systems. In Ecological Engineering for Wastewater Treatment. Proceeding of the International Conference at Stensund Folk College. Sweden March 24-28, 1991 Ed. Etnier C., Guterstam B. Bokskogen, Sweden, 1991, p.199] from individual residential buildings, suitable for working with a variable amount of water. This device consists of an underground anaerobic biofilter with sand and gravel loading and drainage, an aerobic soil-vegetable filter, and a pipeline for supplying water to the aerobic filter. The initial wastewater enters an underground anaerobic sand-gravel filter, then after filtration on it part of the water goes into the ground, and the other part is fed to a horizontal aerobic soil-plant filter and, after a single cleaning, is discharged into the ground.

Water utilization in such a device is carried out mainly due to its discharge into the ground. The quality of the treated and discharged water is not controlled in any way, so after treatment on filters it may contain an amount of impurities that does not meet environmental standards for discharge into the soil. In addition, the device does not provide for the accumulation or storage of purified water, nor does it preclude the rapid saturation and siltation of a non-sloping soil-and-vegetable filter.

Closest to the claimed solution is a device for the treatment of domestic waste [Zhukov B.D., Ogorodnikov I.A. A device for the treatment of domestic wastewater. Patent No. 2119894, CO2F 3/30, 3/32].

The device consists of an underground anaerobic biofilter, an internal soil and plant filter, an averaging filter connected by a pipe through an intermediate container with an internal soil and plant filter made in the form of a slope with an artificial biocenosis, an external inclined soil and plant filter, divided into sectors, at the base The slope of the external soil-vegetable filter is made by a pond (trench) with plantings of aquatic vegetation, connected by a gravity drainage channel with an anaerobic bioph ltrom arranged in the heat accumulator action zone located on the slope, the anaerobic biofilter is provided with at least one cavity for accumulation of the water.

Soil and plant filters are layers of well filtering soil located on an inclined non-filtering base.

The disadvantage of this device is the increased energy consumption in cold climates and insufficient optimization of the temperature regime of the technological process in the cold season. In addition, the functionality of the prototype is limited to the treatment of domestic wastewater (gray effluent, which mainly includes drains from the kitchen and bathroom), although in the general case, along with the gray effluent, a certain share of the domestic effluent is black effluent (toilet effluent).

The objective of the invention is to reduce the energy consumption of the device for treatment of domestic wastewater in cold climates and to ensure optimal temperature conditions for technological slack at any time of the year, as well as expanding the functionality of the device.

The problem is solved in that in the device for the treatment of domestic wastewater, consisting of a heated room and placed in it an averaging filter, anaerobic biofilter, an internal soil-vegetable filter, an intermediate tank, pipelines for supplying water to soil-vegetable filters, and also an external soil - a vegetable filter and a reservoir connected by a drainage channel with an anaerobic biofilter, a composter, a receiver of the liquid fraction of black runoff and interconnected reservoirs for aquaculture, one of which It connects the anaerobic biofilter with a filter averager coupled via an intermediate container divided into sectors with a sloping outer soil-plant filter.

The problem is solved in that the external soil and plant filter can be located on the roof of a heated, insulated room and is equipped with ventilation ducts.

The problem is also solved by the fact that between the individual sectors of the external soil-vegetable filter can be placed thermal or electrical collectors.

The problem is also solved by the fact that the illuminators of a thermally insulated room are also heaters.

The problem is also solved by the fact that the composter can be equipped with inclined rotary trays for the separation of various fractions of the black flow.

Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the proposed device, figure 2 is a layout of the device nodes (side view), figure 3 is a diagram of the combination of composter with equipment for separation into black effluent fractions, and figure 4. - The device of the external soil-vegetable filter.

The device (Fig. 1) consists of an averaging filter 2, an anaerobic biofilter 3, a heat accumulator 4, an internal soil-vegetable filter 5, a heat exchanger 6, a composter 7 and a rotary receiver directly connected to it located in a heat-insulated room 1 (a dotted line) tray 8 for black runoff, a receiver for the liquid fraction of black runoff 9, combined reservoirs for aquaculture 10 and 11, capacity 12, and also placed outside the external soil and vegetable filter 13, broken into sectors, underground ca a motorized drainage channel 14, a water reservoir 15, a sand filter 16 and a pond with water plantings 17.

The load of the filter 5 is on a non-filter basis with a heat exchanger 6, through which warm wastewater is supplied to the filter.

Anaerobic biofilter 3 is a space filled with a load of any suitable material that serves as a carrier of anaerobic microflora, for example gravel with particles of sand and zeolite-containing rock evenly distributed in it, or individual free-floating fractions of porous synthetic material.

Inside the anaerobic biofilter 3 there is at least one cavity - a collector 18 (figure 2), designed to accumulate treated wastewater. The biofilter 3 is connected to the averaging filter 2 through a tank with an aquaculture 10. The volume of the biofilter 3 receiving water is set approximately equal to the ten-day volume of water used by the consumer. This provides a storage time of water in it, sufficient to die off the bulk of the pathogenic microflora, and satisfies the regime of water conditioning by composition in the anaerobic filter 3, as well as tanks with aquaculture 10 and 11.

Anaerobic biofilter 3 has the properties of an aqueous heat storage medium and therefore it can be combined with any other heat storage medium.

Figure 1 shows two tanks for aquaculture 10 and 11. In practice, the number of tanks is limited mainly by the way they are placed in the greenhouse. At least two reservoirs with aquaculture are provided, communicating with each other in such a way that one of the reservoirs can serve as an intermediate tank connecting the filter averager 2 and an anaerobic biofilter, and the other - a storage tank for purified water.

A device for processing black effluent is shown schematically in FIG. It includes a composter 7, an inclined rotary tray 8 and a receiver of the liquid fraction of the black drain 9.

The composter can have different designs. In particular, it can be equipped with additional pivoting trays for intermediate composting cycles, for example in the presence of a red California worm.

The device of the outdoor soil-vegetable filter 13 is shown in Fig.4. This filter consists of functionally different sectors, divided on the sloping roof of a thermally insulated room. One of the sectors serves to relieve peak loads and can be activated when one of the working sectors is turned off for drying. Ventilation ducts 19 are laid inside the external filter loading. The filter loading is prepared from soil with improved agrotechnical and microbiological characteristics, on which specially selected plants are grown that utilize water and impurities. The load and vegetation cover of the external soil-vegetable filter can simultaneously serve as a heater of a thermally insulated room.

The plants on this filter are planted in such a way that grooves transverse to the slope are arranged below, which delay the intensive flow of water into water body 17 with aquatic plants located at the base of the filter. The edge of the reservoir opposite the slope is bunded with earth. This increases its volume, able to accept excess volumes of water. Purified water enters the reservoir 15 through a sand filter 16.

The device operates as follows.

Black drains enter the inclined tray 8 of the composter 7, placed in a warm, insulated room. The liquid fraction flows into the receiver of liquid runoff 9 (Fig. 2), and the solid fraction after turning the tray around its axis falls onto the soil layer in composter 7. The green mass of plants cultivated in a heat-insulated room is also loaded here, and after a while, ready-made compost . Composting mode is independent of seasonal conditions. There are two modes for wastewater treatment.

Winter mode.

Waste water after mechanical cleaning of coarse particles is fed into the filter averager 2. Here it is freed from suspended particles and conditioned to the specified characteristics in composition. Then it is fed through a heat exchanger 6 to the soil-vegetable filter 5, saturates it and partially evaporates. The bulk of the water passes through the filter 5 into the anaerobic biofilter 3. Then, from the biofilter 3, water is supplied to the tanks with aquaculture and from the tank 10 it enters the filter averager 2 through a special input device. The input device is designed in such a way that only water input is possible.

Such a cycle is formed naturally, because of the icing, water cannot go outside into the reservoir 15. Between the individual nodes, the water moves by gravity, which occurs either when it enters the filter averager 2, or when the purified water is taken from the reservoir 11. Excess water take out, occasionally punching ice in the drive 15. For disposal, water is taken from the tank with aquaculture 11.

Summer mode.

Waste water after mechanical cleaning of coarse particles is fed into the filter averager 2. Here it is freed from suspended particles and conditioned to the specified characteristics in composition. Then it is fed through a container 12 to one of the sectors of the external soil-vegetable filter 13, saturates it and partially evaporates. The bulk of the water from 9, after dilution with water from the averaging filter in the tank 12, passes the filter 13 and enters the reservoir 17, from where it then enters the water storage tank 15 through the sand filter 16. In the summer version, the bulk of the effluent is processed at external water treatment units. This is facilitated by a specially selected ratio of liquid levels in the nodes of the device located inside the insulated room and outside.

Plants in the pond 17 and the reservoir 15 are a powerful additional factor that processes impurities from waste water. Processing takes place in the basal zone, within which a biological eco-community is formed, including plant roots and soil microorganisms that actively interact with impurities. Some of the impurities from water are absorbed directly by the plants. Especially attractive is the tropical plant hyacinth, which can significantly reduce the level of pollution. For example, according to [C.L.R. Pinto, L.T.P. Poladino, B.P. George, A.C. Guimaraes. In Managing the Wastewater Resource. Proceeding of the 4 th International Conference on Ecological Engineering for Wastewater Treatment, at As, Norway, 1999] cultivation of hyacinth can reduce the BOD of domestic wastewater by 90%.

Water conditioning consists in the fact that small volumes of water coming from the averaging filter 2 through the soil-and-vegetable filter 5 to the accumulator 15 are distributed in significantly larger volumes of water circulating in a closed chain: the soil-and-water filter-water accumulator is a reservoir with a water vegetation - drainage channel - anaerobic biofilter, and are subsequently subjected to cleaning processes occurring in these nodes of the device.

The stepwise conditioning of the water composition in the averaging filter, as well as in the anaerobic filter, helps to bring its characteristics closer to the characteristics of the root fluid of the plants for the selected biocenosis of the soil-plant filter, increasing the efficiency of the device.

The proposed organization of the work of soil-plant filters allows to achieve their maximum water saturation, sufficient supply of plant water and its intensive evaporation from the surface of the filters and plant foliage.

The required quality of the treated water is achieved due to the fact that the water is repeatedly processed in the chain: soil-plant filter - a pond with aquatic vegetation - underground drainage channel - anaerobic biofilter.

Thus, the proposed device for the treatment of wastewater can be used for treatment, disposal and storage of wastewater, as well as the maintenance in the cold period of thermophilic plants.

The expansion of the functionality of the device is achieved due to the fact that it allows you to simultaneously process and dispose of not only waste water (gray effluents), but also black stock, as well as obsolete or excess green mass of plants used for water treatment.

The combination in a single technology of processing and disposal of black and gray effluents, as well as the green mass of the used plants, eliminates the need to create separate treatment facilities for black flow and unnecessary green mass of plants. Composting plants and solid fraction of black runoff under optimal conditions of a thermally insulated room all year round allows them to be processed into valuable organic fertilizer and solves the problem of recycling organic matter from domestic wastewater.

The effectiveness of the treatment and disposal of water is achieved as follows. The source water before being fed to the soil-vegetable filter 5 is processed in the averaging filter 2, where it is brought to the specified quality by filtration, alkalization, dilution and partially biochemical treatment (the first is the conditioning step).

Water conditioning in the averaging filter is necessary to obtain water of a uniform predetermined composition, acceptable for its further processing on a soil-vegetable filter.

The cleaning efficiency is also achieved by the fact that the device functions as a closed system with a sufficiently large moisture capacity. This is accomplished by performing an anaerobic biofilter with a cavity for water accumulation, artificial water retention on soil-plant filters, and using reservoirs with aquatic vegetation to process and store water. In addition, water repeatedly passes through a closed chain: soil-vegetable filter - pond with aquatic vegetation - drainage channel - anaerobic biofilter. As a result, the purified water is repeatedly processed in biofilters and constantly fed to the roots of plants, which increases the efficiency of their nutrition and evaporation of water.

Repeated treatment of water on soil-plant filters and in a reservoir with aquatic vegetation makes it possible to increase the length of the slope, as the effect of water treatment is achieved, corresponding to a one-time treatment on a longer slope.

Organization of a closed cycle of water treatment, including cultivation with the aim of preserving heat-loving plants highly efficient in treating wastewater in a thermally insulated room during the cold season, composting the organic matter of domestic wastewater and the green mass of plants, ensuring a predetermined temperature regime using a heat exchanger and heat accumulator, and illuminators that simultaneously heat a heat-insulated room, as well as increased moisture capacity of the device can increase the processing efficiency, utilization of household waste components and the stable operation of the entire treatment complex at any time of the year with compact placement of the device nodes in relatively small areas, within the boundaries of the external soil-vegetable filter and the adjacent water body.

The selection of purified water from reservoirs with aquaculture allows to utilize waste water with maximum effect, using it for technical purposes, including ensuring the normal operation of the device. For example, to supply purified water to a filter averager to dilute the initial waste water, as well as to organize a continuous flow of water to soil-plant filters both for evaporation from the artificial layer and to maintain the growth of green mass of plants.

The efficiency of heat conservation is to reduce the energy intensity of the device by treating wastewater in a thermally insulated room.

Heat loss in a thermally insulated room is much less than in the case of ordinary (glazed or film) greenhouses. Depending on the technology of growing plants, they make up 10-20% of the energy spent on heating the room, while in ordinary greenhouses they reach 40-65% [Ivanov G.Ya. Improving the efficiency of the vegetable production process in lightproof hydroponic cultivation facilities. The dissertation ... of the doctor tech. Sciences / Sib. Research Institute of mechanization and electrification of villages. households. Novosibirsk, 1993. - 400 p.]. In a thermally insulated lightproof room, the process is not associated with a change of day and night, which allows you to use any mode of plant irradiation. In addition, the processes in the production room are easier to automate and regulate power consumption, which also saves energy resources. Turning on illuminators at night makes it possible to use off-peak electrical energy.

In the formation of the energy balance of a thermally insulated room, an important role is played by transpiration of plants, which requires a significant amount of moisture (nutrient solution), which is not a disadvantage in our device.

A well-organized utilization of thermal energy from plant irradiators allows you to additionally heat other rooms nearby.

Thus, the present invention has wider functionality, reduces the energy consumption of the device for treatment of domestic wastewater in cold climates and provides optimal temperature conditions for technological processes at any time of the year.

Claims (5)

1. A device for the treatment of domestic wastewater, consisting of a heated room and an averaging filter, anaerobic biofilter, an internal soil-vegetable filter, an intermediate tank, pipelines for supplying water to the soil-vegetable filters, and also an external soil-vegetable filter and a reservoir connected by a drainage channel with an anaerobic biofilter, characterized in that the heated room is thermally insulated, it also houses a composter, a receiver of the liquid fraction of the black drain and co rushing tanks for aquaculture, one of which connects the anaerobic biofilter with an averaging filter connected through an intermediate tank to a sectorally inclined outdoor soil-vegetable filter. 2. A device for treating domestic wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that the external soil and plant filter is located on the roof of the insulated room and is equipped with ventilation ducts. 3. A device for treating domestic wastewater according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that between the individual sectors of the external soil-vegetable filter placed thermal or electric collectors. 4. A device for the treatment of domestic waste water according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the illuminators of a thermally insulated room are also heaters. 5. A device for treating domestic waste water according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the composter is equipped with inclined rotary trays for separating various fractions of the black drain.

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