CN109804854A - A kind of implantation methods improving grape quality - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods improving grape quality Download PDFInfo
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- CN109804854A CN109804854A CN201711170981.4A CN201711170981A CN109804854A CN 109804854 A CN109804854 A CN 109804854A CN 201711170981 A CN201711170981 A CN 201711170981A CN 109804854 A CN109804854 A CN 109804854A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to planting technology field, a kind of implantation methods for improving grape quality are disclosed, including orchard establishment, select seedling, planting seedlings, field management step, wherein field management, including fertilising, trimming leaf, flower thinning fruit retention, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: it is sprayed in spring using 40-50wt% alkene pyridine pymetrozine+higan bana concentrate+radix euphorbiae lantu concentrate+yellow ginger concentrate+concentrated chilli liquid；Planting site is shallowly turned over every 1 year during plantation, and is improved the soil with quick lime.The invention has the advantages that it is easy to operate, it carries out spraying the effect that can not only have good pre- disease prevention using the insecticide of independent research, the hazardous compound residual rate on the pericarp of harvesting be checked by food inspection center up to standard；Soluble solid, total pectin content are promoted, and then improve the quality of grape in grape, have good economic value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to planting technology field more particularly to a kind of implantation methods for improving grape quality.
Background technique
Grape be a kind of delicious flavour, it is edible be easy, the very very high fresh food fruit of nutritive value, can be used to make grape
Juice, raisins, grape wine are also one of fastest fruit tree, have the advantages such as fast production, stable yields, in normal management condition
Under, generally without biennial bearing phenomenon, yield is quite stable.The planting benefit of grape is more considerable.Domestic and international wine-growing face at present
Product is very big.The fruiting period and yield of grape have various factors to determine, such as Site soil, seedling quality, method for transplanting, rich water
Management, pruning, flower and fruit thinning, prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control etc. are all an important factor for determining grape fruiting period and yield.And grape
The morning and evening of fruiting period and the number of yield and the economic benefit for directly affecting orchard worker.
In order to obtain the grape fruit of high yield, widespread practice is to cultivate grape under a greenhouse experiment, no
By any external world's infringement, this carries out the prevention work of preventing disease and pest with regard to generally needing repeatedly to apply chemical insecticide to guarantee
The yield of grape increases income.Can guarantee environmentally friendly fruit sale to solve that pest and disease damage can be prevented and treated again, our company into
A series of test of having gone is found, carries out spraying the effect that can not only have good pre- disease prevention using the insecticide of independent research
Fruit checks the hazardous compound residual rate on the pericarp of harvesting by food inspection office up to standard.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention of the invention is: in view of the above problems, providing a kind of plantation side for improving grape quality
Method.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
A kind of implantation methods improving grape quality, including orchard establishment, seedling, planting seedlings, field management are selected, specific steps are such as
Under:
S1 orchard establishment: selecting the sandy loam with pH value 6.0-7.5 to build up plantation field, carries out ploughing deeply plough to plantation field, and
Compartment is padded, pad compartment width is 2-2.5m, and the bracket for grape climbing is put up in the good plantation field of orchard establishment site preparation；
S2 selects seedling: selecting healthy and strong, disease-free, main side root and the complete grape seedlings strain of radicula is seedling, is planted in front of field planting
In room temperature wet sand；
S3 kind is planted: the root system of treated seedling being carried out being stained with root handling using taking root liquid to selected seedling, is then pressed
The distance for being 1.5-2.5 meters according to spacing in the rows is planted, and 20-40 centimetres of plant hole depth of kind, 30-40 centimetres of width apply base manure, every cave in cave
0.2-0.3kg,
S4 field management, including fertilising, trimming leaf, flower thinning fruit retention, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
Fertilising: applying 100-120kg/ mu of the first liquid fertilizer at 4 monthly age of seedling after planting, in 6 monthly age of seedling application the
Two 100-150kg/ mus of liquid fertilizers apply 100-130kg/ mus of third liquid fertilizer at 10 monthly age of seedling, impose in annual March
Second 100-150kg/ mus of liquid fertilizer；
Flower thinning fruit retention: small ear is all extractd, and big fringe is plucked to the 1/4 fringe point of flower spike, is slightly all erased secondary under flower spike,
Flowering stage stays on inflorescence 5-7 leaf and pinching, and every is stayed the upper bud 1-2 bud in top, secondary upper bud it is long to 5-7 leaf when pinching, then upper bud 1-2
The big fruit of fruitlet and deformity is wiped out, and carries out tying up branch by repeated topping when leaf, ties up branch diatance from for 17-20cm；
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: apply pulverized limestone in winter on ground, and spray lime sulfur；40- is used in spring
50wt% alkene pyridine pymetrozine+higan bana concentrate+radix euphorbiae lantu concentrate+yellow ginger concentrate+concentrated chilli liquid sprays, wherein five kinds
Substance is 15-25% alkene pyridine pymetrozine+10-20% higan bana concentrate+15-25% radix euphorbiae lantu according to the ratio of percent by weight
Concentrate+15-25% yellow ginger concentrate+20-30% concentrated chilli liquid；Planting site is shallowly turned over every 1 year during plantation,
And improved the soil with quick lime
It further illustrates, first liquid fertilizer is diluted according to after following material quality percentage meter fermentation retting with water
100 times form: 15%-30% iron tailings sand, 15%-20% corn stover, 10%-15% bagasse, 10%-15% rice straw
Stalk, 10%-15% manioc waste, 5%-10% bacillus thuringiensis, the mesophilic thermophilic actinomycete of 5%-10%, 5%-10% nitric acid
Needle-shaped bacterium.
It further illustrates, second liquid fertilizer is diluted according to after following material quality percentage meter fermentation retting with water
100 times form: 15%-30% phosphorus slag, 15%-20% corn stover, 10%-15% bagasse, 10%-15% rice straw,
The huge bacillus thuringiensis of 10%-15% manioc waste, 5%-10%, the mesophilic thermophilic actinomycete of 5%-10%, 5%-10% nitre
The needle-shaped bacterium of acid.
It further illustrates, the third liquid fertilizer is diluted according to after following material quality percentage meter fermentation retting with water
100 times form: 15%-30% kaolinite tailing, 15%-20% corn stover, 10%-15% bagasse, 10%-15% rice
Stalk, 10%-15% manioc waste, 5%-10% bacillus thuringiensis, the mesophilic thermophilic actinomycete of 5%-10%, 5%-10% nitre
The needle-shaped bacterium of acid.
Further illustrate, the taking root liquid be by root-growing agent+rape steroid gamma-lactone+water according to weight ratio be 3-5:4-5:
30-50 is mixed.
It further illustrates, the higan bana concentrate is that after cleaning fresh higan bana rhizome removal of impurities, 3-5 times of body is added
Long-pending water decocts 20-30 minutes, filters to take the first filtrate, and 75-85% (v/v) ethyl alcohol then is added at 50-60 DEG C in filter residue
Extract 10-20 minutes, frequency of use is 20-50 hertz of ultrasonic wave assisted extraction, filter to take filtrate, then by filtrate and
After first filtrate merges, 0.12 times that is concentrated under reduced pressure into original volume is carried out, ungernine 12.56mg/g- is contained
20.05mg/g。
It further illustrates, the radix euphorbiae lantu concentrate is that radix euphorbiae lantu leaf after ultramicro grinding to partial size is 2-5 microns, is used chlorine
It is imitative to be extracted, chloroform layer is taken, 75-85% (v/v) ethanol solution is subsequently added into and extracts 5-10 minutes, while frequency of use
It for the microwave radiation exaraction of 50-80W, is then filtered under diminished pressure, uses traditional vacuum concentration method that filtrate is concentrated after obtaining filtrate
To 0.12 times of original volume, contain chamaejasmine 15.89mg/g-30.51mg/g.
It further illustrates, the yellow ginger concentrate is that 3-5 times of volume of water is added and carries out decoction 30-45 after yellow ginger cleans
Minute, crude liquid is obtained by filtration and carries out 0.2 times that is concentrated under reduced pressure into original volume, is subsequently added into the progress of 75-85% (v/v) ethanol solution
It extracts 10-15 minutes, while frequency of use is the microwave radiation exaraction of 50-80W, extracting extract after three layers of filtered through gauze then makes
It is carried out after being concentrated into 0.12 times of original volume with rotary evaporator concentration method, contains pungent element 20.35mg/g-36.42mg/
G, zingiberone 18.69mg/g-28.77mg/g.
It further illustrates, the concentrated chilli liquid is that it is molten that 75-85% (v/v) ethyl alcohol is added after crushing after drying capsicum
Liquid, the cellulose degrading enzyme of lignin-degrading enzymes and 5ml/l in ethanol solution also added with 5ml/l, carries out at 70-80 DEG C
It water-bath refluxing extraction 1-2 hours, is carried out after 0.12 times of original volume is concentrated under reduced pressure after filtering to take filtrate, contains capsaicine
156.41mg/g-186.27mg/g。
In conclusion by adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1. the present invention carries out the dual prevention of desinsection through excessive spring in winter, the pest and disease damage rate of grape is effectively reduced, and
Environmentally friendly noresidue, safety coefficient are high, after higan bana concentrate+radix euphorbiae lantu concentrate+yellow ginger concentrate+concentrated chilli liquid sprays combination
Have the effect of good pre- preventing disease and pest, there is apparent preventive effect to anthracnose, foot rot, aphid, mite class.
2. liquid fertilizer used herein is designed after the applicant studies, for grape different growth periods institute
The constituent content that need to be absorbed matches the different designs liquid fertilizer formula of different times, and finds Portugal after the liquid fertilizer for application
Calcium constituent, P elements, ferro element on the pulp of grape are obviously improved, and the proportion between three directly influences pectin content, warp
The fruit for crossing technical solution plantation harvesting of the research discovery Jing Guo the application, on soluble soluble solids, hardness and pectin content
It compares and improves, so as to improve the quality of the fruit of vintage.
Specific embodiment
All features disclosed in this specification or disclosed all methods or in the process the step of, in addition to mutually exclusive
Feature and/or step other than, can combine in any way.This specification (including any accessory claim, abstract)
Disclosed in any feature can be replaced by other alternative features that are equivalent or have similar purpose unless specifically stated.
That is, unless specifically stated, each feature is an example in a series of equivalent or similar characteristics.
Embodiment 1
A kind of implantation methods improving grape quality, including orchard establishment, seedling, planting seedlings, field management are selected, specific steps are such as
Under:
S1 orchard establishment: selecting the sandy loam with pH value 6.0 to build up plantation field, carries out ploughing deeply plough to plantation field, and pad compartment,
Pad compartment width is 2m, and the bracket for grape climbing is put up in the good plantation field of orchard establishment site preparation；
S2 selects seedling: selecting healthy and strong, disease-free, main side root and the complete grape seedlings strain of radicula is seedling, is planted in front of field planting
In room temperature wet sand；
S3 kind is planted: the root system of treated seedling being carried out being stained with root handling using taking root liquid to selected seedling, is then pressed
The distance for being 1.5 meters according to spacing in the rows is planted, and kind plant hole is 20 centimetres deep, 30 centimetres wide, applies base manure in cave, every cave 0.2kg,
S4 field management, including fertilising, trimming leaf, flower thinning fruit retention, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
Fertilising: applying 100kg/ mus of the first liquid fertilizer at 4 monthly age of seedling after planting, applies the second liquid at 6 monthly age of seedling
100kg/ mus of state fertilizer, applies 100kg/ mus of third liquid fertilizer at 10 monthly age of seedling, impose the second liquid fertilizer in annual March
100kg/ mus；
Flower thinning fruit retention: small ear is all extractd, and big fringe is plucked to the 1/4 fringe point of flower spike, is slightly all erased secondary under flower spike,
Flowering stage stays on inflorescence 5 leaves and pinching, and every is stayed upper 1 bud of bud in top, secondary upper bud it is long to 5 leaf when pinching, then upper 1 leaf Shi Fanfu of bud
The big fruit of fruitlet and deformity is wiped out, and carries out tying up branch by pinching, ties up branch diatance from for 17cm；
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: apply pulverized limestone in winter on ground, and spray lime sulfur；40wt% alkene is used in spring
Pyridine pymetrozine+higan bana concentrate+radix euphorbiae lantu concentrate+yellow ginger concentrate+concentrated chilli liquid sprays, wherein five kinds of substances according to
The ratio of percent by weight is that 15% alkene pyridine pymetrozine+20% higan bana concentrate+20% yellow ginger of+25% radix euphorbiae lantu concentrate is dense
+ 20% concentrated chilli liquid of contracting liquid；Planting site is shallowly turned over every 1 year during plantation, and is improved the soil with quick lime.
The first above-mentioned liquid fertilizer according to following material quality percentage meter ferment retting after with water dilute 100 times form:
25% iron tailings sand, 15% corn stover, 15% bagasse, 15% rice straw, 15% manioc waste, 5% Su Yunjin gemma bar
Bacterium, 5% mesophilic thermophilic actinomycete, the needle-shaped bacterium of 5% nitric acid.
The second above-mentioned liquid fertilizer according to following material quality percentage meter ferment retting after with water dilute 100 times form:
30% phosphorus slag, 17% corn stover, 12% bagasse, 11% rice straw, 11% manioc waste, 7% huge Su Yunjin gemma bar
Bacterium, 6% mesophilic thermophilic actinomycete, the needle-shaped bacterium of 6% nitric acid.
Above-mentioned third liquid fertilizer according to following material quality percentage meter ferment retting after with water dilute 100 times form:
20% kaolinite tailing, 20% corn stover, 10% bagasse, 10% rice straw, 10% manioc waste, 10% Su Yunjin gemma
Bacillus, 10% mesophilic thermophilic actinomycete, the needle-shaped bacterium of 10% nitric acid.
Above-mentioned taking root liquid is to mix root-growing agent+rape steroid gamma-lactone+water for 5:5:50 according to weight ratio.
Above-mentioned higan bana concentrate is after cleaning fresh higan bana rhizome removal of impurities, and the water that 3 times of volumes are added decocts
20 minutes, the first filtrate is filtered to take, 75% (v/v) ethyl alcohol then is added in filter residue and is extracted at 50 DEG C 10 minutes, is used
The ultrasonic wave assisted extraction that frequency is 20 hertz, filters to take filtrate, after then merging filtrate with the first filtrate, depressurize dense
It is reduced to 0.12 times of original volume, contains ungernine 12.56mg/g.
Above-mentioned radix euphorbiae lantu concentrate is after ultramicro grinding to partial size is 2 microns, to be extracted radix euphorbiae lantu leaf using chloroform,
Chloroform layer is taken, 75% (v/v) ethanol solution is subsequently added into and extracts 5 minutes, while frequency of use is the Microwave-assisted Extraction of 50W
It takes, is then filtered under diminished pressure, use traditional vacuum concentration method concentration filtrate to 0.12 times of original volume after obtaining filtrate,
Contain chamaejasmine 15.89mg/g.
Above-mentioned yellow ginger concentrate is that 3 times of volume of water are added and decoct 30 minutes, are obtained by filtration thick after yellow ginger cleans
Liquid carries out 0.2 times that is concentrated under reduced pressure into original volume, is subsequently added into 75% (v/v) ethanol solution and extracts 10 minutes, makes simultaneously
The microwave radiation exaraction for being 50W with frequency, extracting extract after three layers of filtered through gauze are then carried out using rotary evaporator concentration method dense
After being reduced to 0.12 times of original volume, contain pungent element 20.35mg/g, zingiberone 18.69mg/g.
Above-mentioned concentrated chilli liquid is that 75% (v/v) ethanol solution is added after crushing after drying capsicum, in ethanol solution
It is small to carry out water-bath refluxing extraction 1 at 70 DEG C for the cellulose degrading enzyme of lignin-degrading enzymes and 5ml/l also added with 5ml/l
When, it is carried out after 0.12 times of original volume is concentrated under reduced pressure after filtering to take filtrate, contains capsaicine 156.41mg/g.
Embodiment 2
A kind of implantation methods improving grape quality, including orchard establishment, seedling, planting seedlings, field management are selected, specific steps are such as
Under:
S1 orchard establishment: selecting the sandy loam with pH value 7.5 to build up plantation field, carries out ploughing deeply plough to plantation field, and pad compartment,
Pad compartment width is 2.5m, and the bracket for grape climbing is put up in the good plantation field of orchard establishment site preparation；
S2 selects seedling: selecting healthy and strong, disease-free, main side root and the complete grape seedlings strain of radicula is seedling, is planted in front of field planting
In room temperature wet sand；
S3 kind is planted: the root system of treated seedling being carried out being stained with root handling using taking root liquid to selected seedling, is then pressed
The distance for being 2.5 meters according to spacing in the rows is planted, and kind plant hole is 40 centimetres deep, 40 centimetres wide, applies base manure in cave, every cave 0.3kg,
S4 field management, including fertilising, trimming leaf, flower thinning fruit retention, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
Fertilising: applying 120kg/ mus of the first liquid fertilizer at 4 monthly age of seedling after planting, applies the second liquid at 6 monthly age of seedling
150kg/ mus of state fertilizer, applies 130kg/ mus of third liquid fertilizer at 10 monthly age of seedling, impose the second liquid fertilizer in annual March
150kg/ mus；
Flower thinning fruit retention: small ear is all extractd, and big fringe is plucked to the 1/4 fringe point of flower spike, is slightly all erased secondary under flower spike,
Flowering stage stays on inflorescence 7 leaves and pinching, and every is stayed upper 2 bud of bud in top, secondary upper bud it is long to 7 leaf when pinching, then upper 2 leaf Shi Fanfu of bud
The big fruit of fruitlet and deformity is wiped out, and carries out tying up branch by pinching, ties up branch diatance from for 20cm；
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: apply pulverized limestone in winter on ground, and spray lime sulfur；50wt% alkene is used in spring
Pyridine pymetrozine+higan bana concentrate+radix euphorbiae lantu concentrate+yellow ginger concentrate+concentrated chilli liquid sprays, wherein five kinds of substances according to
The ratio of percent by weight is that 25% alkene pyridine pymetrozine+10% higan bana concentrate+25% yellow ginger of+15% radix euphorbiae lantu concentrate is dense
+ 25 concentrated chilli liquid of contracting liquid；Planting site is shallowly turned over every 1 year during plantation, and is improved the soil with quick lime.
The first above-mentioned liquid fertilizer according to following material quality percentage meter ferment retting after with water dilute 100 times form:
20% iron tailings sand, 20% corn stover, 10% bagasse, 10% rice straw, 10% manioc waste, 10% Su Yunjin gemma bar
Bacterium, 10% mesophilic thermophilic actinomycete, the needle-shaped bacterium of 10% nitric acid.
The second above-mentioned liquid fertilizer according to following material quality percentage meter ferment retting after with water dilute 100 times form:
15% phosphorus slag, 18% corn stover, 14% bagasse, 14% rice straw, 14% manioc waste, 8% huge Su Yunjin gemma bar
Bacterium, 9% mesophilic thermophilic actinomycete, the needle-shaped bacterium of 8% nitric acid.
Above-mentioned third liquid fertilizer according to following material quality percentage meter ferment retting after with water dilute 100 times form:
30% kaolinite tailing, 18% corn stover, 11% bagasse, 12% rice straw, 11% manioc waste, 6% Su Yunjin gemma
Bacillus, 6% mesophilic thermophilic actinomycete, the needle-shaped bacterium of 6% nitric acid.
Above-mentioned taking root liquid is to mix root-growing agent+rape steroid gamma-lactone+water for 3:4:30 according to weight ratio.
Above-mentioned higan bana concentrate is after cleaning fresh higan bana rhizome removal of impurities, and the water that 5 times of volumes are added decocts
30 minutes, the first filtrate is filtered to take, 85% (v/v) ethyl alcohol then is added in filter residue and is extracted at 60 DEG C 20 minutes, is used
The ultrasonic wave assisted extraction that frequency is 50 hertz, filters to take filtrate, after then merging filtrate with the first filtrate, depressurize dense
It is reduced to 0.12 times of original volume, contains ungernine 16.28mg/g.
Above-mentioned radix euphorbiae lantu concentrate is after ultramicro grinding to partial size is 5 microns, to be extracted radix euphorbiae lantu leaf using chloroform,
Chloroform layer is taken, 85% (v/v) ethanol solution is subsequently added into and extracts 10 minutes, while frequency of use is the microwave-assisted of 80W
It extracts, is then filtered under diminished pressure, obtain filtrate being concentrated to 0.12 times of original volume i.e. using traditional vacuum concentration method after filtrate
Can, contain chamaejasmine 22.59mg/g.
Above-mentioned yellow ginger concentrate is that 5 times of volume of water are added and decoct 45 minutes, are obtained by filtration thick after yellow ginger cleans
Liquid carries out 0.2 times that is concentrated under reduced pressure into original volume, is subsequently added into 85% (v/v) ethanol solution and extracts 15 minutes, makes simultaneously
The microwave radiation exaraction for being 80W with frequency, extracting extract after three layers of filtered through gauze are then carried out using rotary evaporator concentration method dense
After being reduced to 0.12 times of original volume, contain pungent element 29.57mg/g, zingiberone 24.26mg/g.
Above-mentioned concentrated chilli liquid is that 85% (v/v) ethanol solution is added after crushing after drying capsicum, in ethanol solution
It is small to carry out water-bath refluxing extraction 2 at 80 DEG C for the cellulose degrading enzyme of lignin-degrading enzymes and 5ml/l also added with 5ml/l
When, it is carried out after 0.12 times of original volume is concentrated under reduced pressure after filtering to take filtrate, contains capsaicine 186.27mg/g.
Embodiment 3
A kind of implantation methods improving grape quality, including orchard establishment, seedling, planting seedlings, field management are selected, specific steps are such as
Under:
S1 orchard establishment: selecting the sandy loam with pH value 6.5 to build up plantation field, carries out ploughing deeply plough to plantation field, and pad compartment,
Pad compartment width is 2.2m, and the bracket for grape climbing is put up in the good plantation field of orchard establishment site preparation；
S2 selects seedling: selecting healthy and strong, disease-free, main side root and the complete grape seedlings strain of radicula is seedling, is planted in front of field planting
In room temperature wet sand；
S3 kind is planted: the root system of treated seedling being carried out being stained with root handling using taking root liquid to selected seedling, is then pressed
The distance for being 1.9 meters according to spacing in the rows is planted, and kind plant hole is 25 centimetres deep, 35 centimetres wide, applies base manure in cave, every cave 0.25kg,
S4 field management, including fertilising, trimming leaf, flower thinning fruit retention, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
Fertilising: applying 110kg/ mus of the first liquid fertilizer at 4 monthly age of seedling after planting, applies the second liquid at 6 monthly age of seedling
110kg/ mus of state fertilizer, applies 110kg/ mus of third liquid fertilizer at 10 monthly age of seedling, impose the second liquid fertilizer in annual March
110kg/ mus；
Flower thinning fruit retention: small ear is all extractd, and big fringe is plucked to the 1/4 fringe point of flower spike, is slightly all erased secondary under flower spike,
Flowering stage stays on inflorescence 6 leaves and pinching, and every is stayed upper 1 bud of bud in top, secondary upper bud it is long to 5 leaf when pinching, then upper 1 leaf Shi Fanfu of bud
The big fruit of fruitlet and deformity is wiped out, and carries out tying up branch by pinching, ties up branch diatance from for 18cm；
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: apply pulverized limestone in winter on ground, and spray lime sulfur；50wt% alkene is used in spring
Pyridine pymetrozine+higan bana concentrate+radix euphorbiae lantu concentrate+yellow ginger concentrate+concentrated chilli liquid sprays, wherein five kinds of substances according to
The ratio of percent by weight is that 20% alkene pyridine pymetrozine+15% higan bana concentrate+15% yellow ginger of+20% radix euphorbiae lantu concentrate is dense
+ 30% concentrated chilli liquid of contracting liquid；Planting site is shallowly turned over every 1 year during plantation, and is improved the soil with quick lime.
The first above-mentioned liquid fertilizer according to following material quality percentage meter ferment retting after with water dilute 100 times form:
15% iron tailings sand, 19% corn stover, 14% bagasse, 14% rice straw, 14% manioc waste, 8% Su Yunjin gemma bar
Bacterium, 8% mesophilic thermophilic actinomycete, the needle-shaped bacterium of 8% nitric acid.
The second above-mentioned liquid fertilizer according to following material quality percentage meter ferment retting after with water dilute 100 times form:
20% phosphorus slag, 20% corn stover, 10% bagasse, 10% rice straw, 10% manioc waste, 10% huge Su Yunjin gemma bar
Bacterium, 10% mesophilic thermophilic actinomycete, the needle-shaped bacterium of 10% nitric acid.
Above-mentioned third liquid fertilizer according to following material quality percentage meter ferment retting after with water dilute 100 times form:
15% kaolinite tailing, 18% corn stover, 14% bagasse, 14% rice straw, 14% manioc waste, 8% Su Yunjin gemma
Bacillus, 9% mesophilic thermophilic actinomycete, the needle-shaped bacterium of 8% nitric acid.
Above-mentioned taking root liquid is to mix root-growing agent+rape steroid gamma-lactone+water for 4:4:45 according to weight ratio.
Above-mentioned higan bana concentrate is after cleaning fresh higan bana rhizome removal of impurities, and the water that 4 times of volumes are added decocts
23 minutes, the first filtrate is filtered to take, 78% (v/v) ethyl alcohol then is added in filter residue and is extracted at 58 DEG C 13 minutes, is used
The ultrasonic wave assisted extraction that frequency is 30 hertz, filters to take filtrate, after then merging filtrate with the first filtrate, depressurize dense
It is reduced to 0.12 times of original volume, contains ungernine 20.05mg/g.
Above-mentioned radix euphorbiae lantu concentrate is after ultramicro grinding to partial size is 3 microns, to be extracted radix euphorbiae lantu leaf using chloroform,
Chloroform layer is taken, 78% (v/v) ethanol solution is subsequently added into and extracts 6 minutes, while frequency of use is the Microwave-assisted Extraction of 60W
It takes, is then filtered under diminished pressure, use traditional vacuum concentration method concentration filtrate to 0.12 times of original volume after obtaining filtrate,
Contain chamaejasmine 30.51mg/g.
Above-mentioned yellow ginger concentrate is that 4 times of volume of water are added and decoct 37 minutes, are obtained by filtration thick after yellow ginger cleans
Liquid carries out 0.2 times that is concentrated under reduced pressure into original volume, is subsequently added into 79% (v/v) ethanol solution and extracts 12 minutes, makes simultaneously
The microwave radiation exaraction for being 60W with frequency, extracting extract after three layers of filtered through gauze are then carried out using rotary evaporator concentration method dense
After being reduced to 0.12 times of original volume, contain pungent element 36.42mg/g, zingiberone 28.77mg/g.
Above-mentioned concentrated chilli liquid is that 79% (v/v) ethanol solution is added after crushing after drying capsicum, in ethanol solution
The cellulose degrading enzyme of lignin-degrading enzymes and 5ml/l also added with 5ml/l, carries out water-bath refluxing extraction 1.2 at 73 DEG C
Hour, it is carried out after 0.12 times of original volume is concentrated under reduced pressure after filtering to take filtrate, contains capsaicine 168.27mg/g.
Embodiment 4
A kind of implantation methods improving grape quality, including orchard establishment, seedling, planting seedlings, field management are selected, specific steps are such as
Under:
S1 orchard establishment: selecting the sandy loam with pH value 7.0 to build up plantation field, carries out ploughing deeply plough to plantation field, and pad compartment,
Pad compartment width is 2.1m, and the bracket for grape climbing is put up in the good plantation field of orchard establishment site preparation；
S2 selects seedling: selecting healthy and strong, disease-free, main side root and the complete grape seedlings strain of radicula is seedling, is planted in front of field planting
In room temperature wet sand；
S3 kind is planted: the root system of treated seedling being carried out being stained with root handling using taking root liquid to selected seedling, is then pressed
The distance for being 2.2 meters according to spacing in the rows is planted, and kind plant hole is 35 centimetres deep, 38 centimetres wide, applies base manure in cave, every cave 0.28kg,
S4 field management, including fertilising, trimming leaf, flower thinning fruit retention, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
Fertilising: applying 115kg/ mus of the first liquid fertilizer at 4 monthly age of seedling after planting, applies the second liquid at 6 monthly age of seedling
135kg/ mus of state fertilizer, applies 125kg/ mus of third liquid fertilizer at 10 monthly age of seedling, impose the second liquid fertilizer in annual March
145kg/ mus；
Flower thinning fruit retention: small ear is all extractd, and big fringe is plucked to the 1/4 fringe point of flower spike, is slightly all erased secondary under flower spike,
Flowering stage stays on inflorescence 6 leaves and pinching, and every is stayed upper 2 bud of bud in top, secondary upper bud it is long to 6 leaf when pinching, then upper 2 leaf Shi Fanfu of bud
The big fruit of fruitlet and deformity is wiped out, and carries out tying up branch by pinching, ties up branch diatance from for 18cm；
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: apply pulverized limestone in winter on ground, and spray lime sulfur；45wt% alkene is used in spring
Pyridine pymetrozine+higan bana concentrate+radix euphorbiae lantu concentrate+yellow ginger concentrate+concentrated chilli liquid sprays, wherein five kinds of substances according to
The ratio of percent by weight is that 18% alkene pyridine pymetrozine+18% higan bana concentrate+22% yellow ginger of+22% radix euphorbiae lantu concentrate is dense
+ 20% concentrated chilli liquid of contracting liquid；Planting site is shallowly turned over every 1 year during plantation, and is improved the soil with quick lime.
The first above-mentioned liquid fertilizer according to following material quality percentage meter ferment retting after with water dilute 100 times form:
30% iron tailings sand, 16% corn stover, 11% bagasse, 11% rice straw, 11% manioc waste, 8% Su Yunjin gemma bar
Bacterium, 6% mesophilic thermophilic actinomycete, the needle-shaped bacterium of 7% nitric acid.
The second above-mentioned liquid fertilizer according to following material quality percentage meter ferment retting after with water dilute 100 times form:
25% phosphorus slag, 15% corn stover, 15% bagasse, 15% rice straw, 15% manioc waste, 5% huge Su Yunjin gemma bar
Bacterium, 5% mesophilic thermophilic actinomycete, the needle-shaped bacterium of 5% nitric acid.
Above-mentioned third liquid fertilizer according to following material quality percentage meter ferment retting after with water dilute 100 times form:
25% kaolinite tailing, 15% corn stover, 15% bagasse, 15% rice straw, 15% manioc waste, 5% huge Su Yunjin
Bacillus, 5% mesophilic thermophilic actinomycete, the needle-shaped bacterium of 5% nitric acid.
It further illustrates, the taking root liquid is to mix root-growing agent+rape steroid gamma-lactone+water for 3:5:40 according to weight ratio
It forms.
It further illustrates, the higan bana concentrate is that after cleaning fresh higan bana rhizome removal of impurities, 4 times of volumes are added
Water decoct 28 minutes, filter to take the first filtrate, then by filter residue be added 82% (v/v) ethyl alcohol 18 points are extracted at 57 DEG C
Clock, the ultrasonic wave assisted extraction that frequency of use is 45 hertz, filters to take filtrate, after then filtrate is merged with the first filtrate, into
Row is concentrated under reduced pressure into 0.12 times of original volume, contains ungernine 19.60mg/g.
It further illustrates, the radix euphorbiae lantu concentrate is that radix euphorbiae lantu leaf after ultramicro grinding to partial size is 4 microns, is used chloroform
It is extracted, takes chloroform layer, be subsequently added into 82% (v/v) ethanol solution and extract 7 minutes, while frequency of use is 70W's
Then microwave radiation exaraction is filtered under diminished pressure, use traditional vacuum concentration method that filtrate is concentrated to original volume after obtaining filtrate
0.12 times, contain chamaejasmine 29.26mg/g.
It further illustrating, the yellow ginger concentrate is that 4 times of volume of water are added and decoct 42 minutes after yellow ginger cleans,
Crude liquid is obtained by filtration and carries out 0.2 times that is concentrated under reduced pressure into original volume, is subsequently added into 82% (v/v) ethanol solution and extracts 14 points
Clock, while frequency of use is the microwave radiation exaraction of 73W, extracting extract after three layers of filtered through gauze is then dense using rotary evaporator
Contracting method carries out after being concentrated into 0.12 times of original volume, contains pungent element 32.25mg/g, zingiberone 26.74mg/g.
It further illustrating, the concentrated chilli liquid is that 82% (v/v) ethanol solution is added after crushing after drying capsicum,
The cellulose degrading enzyme of lignin-degrading enzymes and 5ml/l in ethanol solution also added with 5ml/l carries out water-bath at 78 DEG C and returns
Stream extracts 1.7 hours, carries out after 0.12 times of original volume is concentrated under reduced pressure after filtering to take filtrate, contains capsaicine
177.89mg/g。
Test one:
To 1-4 of embodiment of the present invention implantation methods in Guilin Lipu farm, it is divided into the field of 6 cells, a cell
Area be 120 square metres, three repetitions of a cell, be respectively adopted embodiment 1-4 implantation methods carry out, comparative example 1 with
Embodiment 4 is essentially identical, and difference is in spring using insecticide is purchased on the market, and comparative example 2 is substantially the same manner as Example 4,
Difference is to carry out insect prevention diseases prevention using alkene pyridine pymetrozine in spring.
There is good disease resistance using the grape sapling of the implantation methods culture of the application by the discovery of following table record, from
And resistance is strong after being colonized crop field, generation pest and disease damage probability is small (the probability statistics that disease occurs see the table below), high survival rate,
It is the key factor increased income, and the probability that pest and disease damage occurs is few and a major reason increased income.
1 disease rate situation table disease rate % of table
Remarks: disease rate %=onset area/cultivated area
Control group is far smaller than using the probability that disease occurs for the culture medium of the application as seen from the above table.And by above-mentioned
It is present that the record of defect phenomenon does not occur aphid, the pest and disease damage of mite class than embodiment 1-4, it was demonstrated that uses technical scheme
There is apparent preventive effect in prevention and treatment anthracnose, foot rot, aphid, mite class.
It randomly selects 5 fruits of each cell, is sent into food inspection station and is detected, using containing in the pericarp of this programme
Pesticide residue rate is up to standard, and the technical solution pesticide residue rate of the application that compares in comparative example 1 improves 0.6-0.9%,
The technical solution pesticide residue rate of the application that compares in comparative example 2 improves 0.8-1.5%, but comparative example 1-2's is residual
Stay rate also up to standard, but the technical solution of the application is lower in pesticide residue rate.
Pharmacodynamic test:
Difference substantially the same manner as Example 4 is that spring killing pests and preventing diseases spray contain only radix euphorbiae lantu respectively to comparative example 3-7 respectively
Concentrate, higan bana concentrate, radix euphorbiae lantu concentrate, yellow ginger concentrate, concentrated chilli liquid liquid preparation, investigation method: application
The fixed 3 points of investigation of preceding each cell, every is investigated 1 square metre, investigates apid population radix；It is investigated after application, is existed respectively twice
Five days and fortnight after application.
Table 2
Note: lowercase difference indicates that, in 5% horizontal upper there were significant differences property, capitalization difference is indicated 1% in table
Property that there were significant differences in level.
As seen from the above table, the scheme room disease of comparative example 1-4 has good effect, and the comparative example that compares 2-7 is single to be made
Raw material is not up to the effect of the lasting drug effect of desinsection.
Test three:
To 1-4 of embodiment of the present invention implantation methods in Guilin Lipu farm, it is divided into the field of 6 cells, a cell
Area be 180 square metres, three repetitions of a cell, be respectively adopted embodiment 1-4 implantation methods carry out, comparative example 1 with
Embodiment 4 is essentially identical, and difference is that the chicken manure fermenting agent compost that liquid fertilizer all uses market to purchase makes compost biological liquid fertilizer
It sprays to specifications.
In August, 2017 randomly selects 30 fruits from fruit ear, surveys Single seed weight using electronic balance；With small berries hardometer
(production of FT02 type Italy) measures the hardness of fruit；Soluble solid content is measured with TZ62 hand refractometer；Using wet ashing
(HNO3: HClO4=4:1) method carries out disappearing to boil and being contained with atomic absorption spectrophotometer measurement phosphorus, calcium, iron for drying fruit sample
Amount；The total pectin content of fruit fresh is measured using sulfuric acid carbazole method.
Table 3
| Iron/(mg/kg) | Phosphorus/% | Calcium/% | |
| Embodiment 1 | 175.12±24.10a | 0.22±0.02a | 3.51±0.02b |
| Embodiment 2 | 170.25±25.18a | 0.19±0.03a | 4.02±0.03b |
| Embodiment 3 | 172.36±27.23a | 0.21±0.02a | 3.85±0.04b |
| Embodiment 4 | 178.12±24.41a | 0.20±0.03a | 3.95±0.03b |
| Comparative example 1 | 118.10±21.29a | 0.12±0.02a | 2.32±0.03a |
| Comparative example 2 | 122.11±22.32a | 0.11±0.03a | 2.35±0.03a |
Note: with after column data between different letter expressions processing difference up to 5% level of signifiance.
As seen from the above table, in the application different times apply different liquid fertilizer absorptivities compare not targetedly
Application element-specific fertilizer, constituent content contained in blade is higher；Compare application ferro element and P elements it
Between not occur significant difference not relevant, compare ferro element and calcium constituent/there are significance differences between P elements and calcium constituent
It is different, it was demonstrated that when applying the proportion of embodiment, plant leaf blade absorbs the active highest of ferro element, P elements and calcium constituent, and
Ferro element or P elements can promote the absorption of calcium constituent.
Table 5
Note: with after column data between different letter expressions processing difference up to 5% level of signifiance.
As can be known from the above table, the soluble soluble solids that contains in comparative example 1-4, hardness are improved compared to comparative example 1；From total
Pectin content sees that embodiment 1-4 differs the most significant with comparative example 1, it was demonstrated that in ferro element, P elements can promote calcium constituent
It absorbs, promotes the pectin content of grape to have significant change in the ratio of calcium constituent, P elements and ferro element；Embodiment 1-4
Fruit mass it is higher than comparative example 1, it was demonstrated that the fruit obtained using the technical solution of embodiment 1-4 have significantly increase production it is excellent
Point improves the fruit quality of grape in turn in summary, has good economic value.
Above description is the detailed description for the present invention preferably possible embodiments, but embodiment is not limited to this hair
Bright patent claim, it is all the present invention suggested by technical spirit under completed same changes or modifications change, should all belong to
In the covered the scope of the patents of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of implantation methods for improving grape quality, which is characterized in that including orchard establishment, seedling, planting seedlings, field management are selected,
Specific step is as follows:
S1 orchard establishment: selecting the sandy loam with pH value 6.0-7.5 to build up plantation field, carries out ploughing deeply plough to plantation field, and pad compartment,
Pad compartment width is 2-2.5m, and the bracket for grape climbing is put up in the good plantation field of orchard establishment site preparation；
S2 selects seedling: selecting healthy and strong, disease-free, main side root and the complete grape seedlings strain of radicula is seedling, is planted in room temperature before field planting
In wet sand；
S3 kind is planted: the root system of treated seedling being carried out being stained with root handling using taking root liquid to selected seedling, then according to strain
Away from the distance plantation for 1.5-2.5 meters, 20-40 centimetres of plant hole depth of kind, 30-40 centimetres of width apply base manure, every cave 0.2- in cave
0.3kg,
S4 field management, including fertilising, trimming leaf, flower thinning fruit retention, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
Fertilising: applying 100-120kg/ mus of the first liquid fertilizer at 4 monthly age of seedling after planting, applies the second liquid at 6 monthly age of seedling
100-150kg/ mus of state fertilizer, applies 100-130kg/ mus of third liquid fertilizer at 10 monthly age of seedling, impose second in annual March
100-150kg/ mus of liquid fertilizer；
Flower thinning fruit retention: small ear is all extractd, and big fringe is plucked to the 1/4 fringe point of flower spike, is slightly all erased secondary under flower spike, just flower
Phase stays on inflorescence 5-7 leaf and pinching, and every is stayed the upper bud 1-2 bud in top, secondary upper bud it is long to 5-7 leaf when pinching, then when upper bud 1-2 leaf
The big fruit of fruitlet and deformity is wiped out, and carries out tying up branch by repeated topping, ties up branch diatance from for 17-20cm；
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: apply pulverized limestone in winter on ground, and spray lime sulfur；40-50wt% alkene is used in spring
Pyridine pymetrozine+higan bana concentrate+radix euphorbiae lantu concentrate+yellow ginger concentrate+concentrated chilli liquid sprays, wherein five kinds of substances according to
The ratio of percent by weight be 15-25% alkene pyridine pymetrozine+10-20% higan bana concentrate+15-25% radix euphorbiae lantu concentrate+
15-25% yellow ginger concentrate+20-30% concentrated chilli liquid；Planting site is shallowly turned over every 1 year during plantation, and with raw stone
Ash is improved the soil.
2. it is according to claim 1 improve grape quality implantation methods, which is characterized in that first liquid fertilizer according to
Dilute 100 times with water after following material quality percentage meter fermentation retting to form: 15%-30% iron tailings sand, 15%-20% are beautiful
Rice stalk, 10%-15% bagasse, 10%-15% rice straw, 10%-15% manioc waste, 5%-10% Su Yunjin gemma bar
The mesophilic thermophilic actinomycete of bacterium, 5%-10%, the needle-shaped bacterium of 5%-10% nitric acid.
3. it is according to claim 1 improve grape quality implantation methods, which is characterized in that second liquid fertilizer according to
It dilutes 100 times with water after following material quality percentage meter fermentation retting to form: 15%-30% phosphorus slag, 15%-20% corn stalk
The huge Su Yunjin gemma bar of stalk, 10%-15% bagasse, 10%-15% rice straw, 10%-15% manioc waste, 5%-10%
The mesophilic thermophilic actinomycete of bacterium, 5%-10%, the needle-shaped bacterium of 5%-10% nitric acid.
4. it is according to claim 1 improve grape quality implantation methods, which is characterized in that the third liquid fertilizer according to
It dilutes 100 times with water after following material quality percentage meter fermentation retting to form: 15%-30% kaolinite tailing, 15%-20%
Corn stover, 10%-15% bagasse, 10%-15% rice straw, 10%-15% manioc waste, 5%-10% Su Yunjin gemma
The mesophilic thermophilic actinomycete of bacillus, 5%-10%, the needle-shaped bacterium of 5%-10% nitric acid.
5. the implantation methods according to claim 1 for improving grape quality, which is characterized in that the taking root liquid is will to take root
Agent+rape steroid gamma-lactone+water is mixed according to weight ratio for 3-5:4-5:30-50.
6. the implantation methods according to claim 1 for improving grape quality, which is characterized in that the higan bana concentrate is
After fresh higan bana rhizome removal of impurities is cleaned, the water that 3-5 times of volume is added is decocted 20-30 minutes, is filtered to take the first filtrate, is connect
By filter residue addition 75-85% (v/v) ethyl alcohol extracted at 50-60 DEG C 10-20 minute, frequency of use be 20-50 hertz
Ultrasonic wave assisted extraction, filter to take filtrate, after then merging filtrate with the first filtrate, carry out being concentrated under reduced pressure into original volume
0.12 times, contain ungernine 12.56mg/g-20.05mg/g.
7. it is according to claim 1 improve grape quality implantation methods, which is characterized in that the radix euphorbiae lantu concentrate be by
Radix euphorbiae lantu leaf is extracted using chloroform after ultramicro grinding to partial size is 2-5 microns, takes chloroform layer, be subsequently added into 75-85% (v/
V) ethanol solution extracts 5-10 minutes, while frequency of use is the microwave radiation exaraction of 50-80W, then carries out depressurizing
Filter uses traditional vacuum concentration method concentration filtrate to 0.12 times of original volume, contains chamaejasmine after obtaining filtrate
15.89mg/g-30.51mg/g。
8. it is according to claim 1 improve grape quality implantation methods, which is characterized in that the yellow ginger concentrate be by
After yellow ginger removal of impurities, 3-5 times of volume of water is added and decoct 30-45 minutes, crude liquid is obtained by filtration and carries out being concentrated under reduced pressure into original volume
0.2 times, be subsequently added into 75-85% (v/v) ethanol solution and extract 10-15 minutes, while frequency of use is 50-80W
Microwave radiation exaraction, extracting extract after three layers of filtered through gauze, then carries out being concentrated into original volume using rotary evaporator concentration method
After 0.12 times, contain pungent element 20.35mg/g-36.42mg/g, zingiberone 18.69mg/g-28.77mg/g.
9. it is according to claim 1 improve grape quality implantation methods, which is characterized in that the concentrated chilli liquid be by
After capsicum is dried, 75-85% (v/v) ethanol solution is added after crushing, the lignin degradation of 5ml/l is also added in ethanol solution
The cellulose degrading enzyme of enzyme and 5ml/l carries out water-bath refluxing extraction 1-2 hours at 70-80 DEG C, is subtracted after filtering to take filtrate
After 0.12 times of pressure concentration original volume, contain capsaicine 156.41mg/g-186.27mg/g.
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| CN102408264A (en) * | 2011-08-25 | 2012-04-11 | 贵州大学 | Organic fertilizer prepared by waste phosphate tailing powder and preparation method thereof |
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