CN109797706B - Greenhouse gas emission reduction method for improving greenhouse effect of operating reservoir - Google Patents
Greenhouse gas emission reduction method for improving greenhouse effect of operating reservoir Download PDFInfo
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- CN109797706B CN109797706B CN201811431402.1A CN201811431402A CN109797706B CN 109797706 B CN109797706 B CN 109797706B CN 201811431402 A CN201811431402 A CN 201811431402A CN 109797706 B CN109797706 B CN 109797706B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a greenhouse gas emission reduction method for improving the greenhouse effect of an operating reservoir, which comprises the following steps: (1) surveying the shoal of the reservoir area; (2) emission reduction of reservoir engineering; (3) regulating and controlling the water level of the reservoir to reduce emission. According to the method, the undercurrent exchange of the beach of the reservoir is increased by engineering measures and regulation and control of fluctuation frequency of the water level of the reservoir, so that the emission reduction capability of greenhouse gas of the reservoir is improved, and the aim of green operation of the reservoir is fulfilled. The emission reduction method of greenhouse gases in the prior art mostly comes from emission reduction of industrial products, and the emission reduction scheme for operating reservoir greenhouse gases provided by the invention can meet the reservoir dispatching requirement and reduce the emission of reservoir greenhouse gases by implementing the emission reduction method of reservoir greenhouse gases. The invention is simple and feasible through engineering measures and manual regulation and control measures, has lower cost, can realize manual indoor control treatment after a system is constructed, and does not need field construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of reservoir ecological environment protection, relates to a reservoir dispatching emission reduction and engineering emission reduction method for improving reservoir ecological environment, and particularly relates to a greenhouse gas emission reduction method for improving the greenhouse effect of an operating reservoir.
Background
Rivers are important transportation channels of organic carbon, the processes of carbon deposition, mineralization decomposition and the like are very active, and the rivers play an important role in the global carbon cycle. According to statistics, the global river delivers about 400-900 Tg organic carbon to the ocean every year. In recent years, with the increasing demand for water resource development by human beings, many rivers have been developed around the world. According to statistics, the built high reservoir dam on the river of the world reaches 70000 seats, and more dams are planned, designed or built, after the reservoir is built, the flow velocity of the river is slowed down, a large amount of suspended matter and bed load are retained and deposited in the reservoir area, and an anoxic environment is easily formed after sediment deposition, so that the change of the anoxic environment is realizedThe redox conditions, in turn, affect the manner in which the organic carbon decomposes. Research shows that river sediment deposition creates favorable conditions for anaerobic methanogens to release a large amount of CH4Greenhouse gases have attracted wide attention of domestic and foreign scholars. It is studied by comparing CH in reservoir and natural river4The release rate of the gas was found to be CH in the reservoir4The released hot spot area is estimated to obtain the global CH caused by dam construction4The gas release amount is increased by 7%. At present, measures for reducing emission of greenhouse gases from reservoirs are rarely mentioned.
At present, most greenhouse gas emission reduction methods focus on greenhouse gas emission reduction in industrial product design, and measures for greenhouse gas emission reduction in reservoir operation are rarely mentioned. However, with the development of reservoir construction, the emission of greenhouse gases in reservoir operation is receiving more and more attention, and measures for reducing the emission of greenhouse gases in the reservoir operation process are continuously provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems of large engineering investment, large labor consumption and the like in the prior art, the invention provides a greenhouse gas emission reduction method for improving the greenhouse effect of an operating reservoir. The ecological scheduling method and the engineering measure for reservoir environment protection are simple, convenient and feasible to operate, and can well reduce the greenhouse gas emission of the reservoir.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the above object, a greenhouse gas emission reduction method for improving the greenhouse effect of an operating reservoir according to the present invention comprises the steps of:
(1) reservoir bank area beach investigation:
surveying the operating water level of the reservoir and the beach of the reservoir area, and taking the beach with the normal low water level of the reservoir and the water surface exposed as the implementable area of the greenhouse gas emission reduction project of the reservoir;
(2) reservoir engineering emission reduction:
in a region which can be implemented in a reservoir greenhouse gas emission reduction project, reforming a beach, excavating a channel in the beach, wherein the excavating depth is 0.5-0.6m lower than the low water level position of reservoir operation, so that when the reservoir operates at the low water level, water flows still pass through the channel, the undercurrent exchange amount in the beach is increased, and the emission reduction of the reservoir beach greenhouse gas is realized;
(3) regulating and controlling the water level of the reservoir to reduce emission:
on the basis of the perennial water level regulation range of the reservoir, the fluctuation frequency of the water level of the reservoir is increased, so that the frequency of the shoal in the submerged dry state is continuously increased, the undercurrent exchange of the shoal in the reservoir is further increased, and the increase of the emission reduction rate of the reservoir is realized.
And (2) the reservoir operation water level reservoir in the step (1) meets the daily water level fluctuation interval of the power generation and flood regulation requirements.
The shoal in the step (1) is a mudflat formed by changing and stacking hydraulic characteristics after the reservoir is built, and the shoal can be used as an engineering construction area for reducing emission of greenhouse gases.
Furthermore, the survey of the shoals in the reservoir area in the step (1) refers to the survey of the number, the positions, the topography, the landforms and the sizes of the shoals in the reservoir area before the construction of engineering measures.
Wherein the normal low water level of the reservoir in the step (1) refers to a flood control limit water level reached in the normal operation process of the reservoir.
The improvement on the beach in the step (2) refers to the engineering improvement on the natural beach formed after the reservoir construction and operation, so that the greenhouse gas emission effect of the beach is reduced.
Further, the normal low water level of the reservoir is the low water level of the reservoir operation, which is the low water level of the reservoir when the power generation and flood regulation requirements of the reservoir are met, and the water level is the flood control limit water level under the general condition.
And (4) the perennial water level regulation and control range of the reservoir in the step (3) meets the water level fluctuation range of the normal regulation and control power generation requirement of the reservoir and the range from the normal water storage level to the flood control limit water level.
Preferably, the step (3) of increasing the fluctuation frequency of the reservoir water level and the frequency of the beach in the submerged dry state continuously increases means that the fluctuation frequency of the reservoir water level is increased through reservoir scheduling, the fluctuation frequency of the water level is increased, the frequency of the beach in the submerged dry state is increased, the undercurrent exchange amount of the beach is increased, and the discharge of greenhouse gas of the beach is reduced.
Whether hydroelectric power is a clean energy source has been questioned by the scientific community, and one of the biggest reasons is that the construction and operation of reservoirs increase the emission of greenhouse gases. The beach environment is an important place for reservoir greenhouse gas emission, the greenhouse gas emission rate on the beach depends on the intensity of undercurrent exchange, and the stronger the general undercurrent exchange is, the lower the greenhouse gas emission rate is, and the higher the undercurrent exchange intensity is, the lower the greenhouse gas emission rate is. The invention aims to provide a method for increasing the subsurface flow exchange strength of a reservoir so as to improve the emission reduction rate of the reservoir, engineering measures and manual water level regulation and control measures are implemented at the same time and are completed in an auxiliary mode, and the two modes are combined to increase the emission reduction efficiency of the reservoir.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
compared with the traditional ecological scheduling method, the invention considers the greenhouse gas emission of the reservoir, and by implementing the scheme of the invention, after the engineering emission reduction measures are built in the reservoir, the artificial water level regulation measures are combined, so that the undercurrent environment of the reservoir can be well enlarged, the undercurrent exchange strength of the reservoir is increased, the emission reduction efficiency of the reservoir is further increased, and the effects of meeting the scheduling requirements of the reservoir and reducing the greenhouse gas emission of the reservoir are achieved. At present, the reservoir is not found to be applied to a greenhouse gas emission reduction method, the popularization of the invention fills the blank of the field, the invention is simple and feasible, the cost is lower, and after a system is constructed, manual indoor control treatment can be realized without manual field operation, and field construction is not needed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a reservoir water body emission reduction engineering measure method;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a reservoir water body emission reduction ecological scheduling method;
figure 3 is a monitoring plot for the experiment of example 2.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
Example 1
The characteristic that the methane release flux in the lake reservoir is reduced along with the increase of the undercurrent exchange strength is utilized, two combined measures are provided to help the greenhouse gas emission reduction of the lake reservoir, firstly, as shown in figure 1, a ditch is dug in the continent stall through engineering measures, the undercurrent exchange strength of the continent stall is increased, and the greenhouse gas emission flux of the continent stall is reduced. Secondly, as shown in figure 2, the undercurrent exchange amount is increased by increasing the water level fluctuation frequency of the lake reservoir, the undercurrent exchange frequency and flux of the continent stall are increased, and the greenhouse gas emission of the continent stall is further reduced.
The reservoir operation water level and the reservoir area beach are surveyed in detail, the position and the topographic features of the beach in the reservoir area are known in detail, the beach with the reservoir flood control water level limit capable of exposing out of the water surface is used as an implementable area of a reservoir greenhouse gas emission reduction project, the beach can be in a submerged falling and dry alternating state during reservoir water level regulation, and the beach is used as a project capable of implementing the beach to be transformed. The transformation mode is as follows: the method is characterized in that a ditch is excavated in the center of the continent beach, water bodies on the left side and the right side of the continent beach can be communicated, the depth of the excavated ditch is 0.5-0.6m lower than the operation low water level of a reservoir, namely the flood limit water level, the implementation of the engineering measures can enhance the intensity of undercurrent exchange in the water level control process of the reservoir, and the specific water quantity of the excavated ditch is specifically determined along with the low quality and the size of the continent beach. After the engineering measures are constructed, the actual water storage and discharge process of the reservoir is manually regulated and controlled on the basis of the perennial water level regulation and control range of the reservoir, the fluctuation frequency of the water level of the reservoir is increased, the submerging and drying alternate frequency of the engineering emission reduction measures in the water body is increased, the frequency of the shoal in the submerging and drying state is continuously increased, the undercurrent exchange of the shoal in the reservoir is further increased, the increase of the emission reduction rate of the reservoir is realized, the undercurrent exchange strength of the engineering emission reduction measures is improved, the emission reduction efficiency is further increased, and the purpose of reducing the emission of the.
After the steps are completed, the emission of greenhouse gases in the reservoir can be regulated and controlled. Compared with the existing domestic long-period regulation and control measures for water storage and discharge, the method can achieve a good emission reduction effect.
Example 2
The method comprises the steps of selecting a bay reservoir as an implementation research area according to example 1, wherein during the operation period of the bay reservoir, the highest operation water level is 992.99m, the lowest operation water level is 986.63m, the reservoir water level frequently fluctuates, the maximum amplitude is 6.36m, and the selected beach is in a submerged dry alternate state in the water level fluctuation period and has strong undercurrent exchange as a verification area.
Laying greenhouse gas release flux monitoring points as shown in FIG. 3, in-situ monitoring CH on beach surface4The gas release flux is the highest in the central area of the continent beach, and reaches 10.4mg h-1m-2The edge annular area presents lower methane release flux and is kept between-0.2 and 1.6mg h-1m-2Where negative values indicate methane settling. The area of the marginal annular region on the beach where the methane release flux is low accounts for 89.1% of the total area of the beach, with the region accounting for 9.1% being methane settlement. The total volume of the submerged flow exchange from the edge to the center of the continent stall is 2.61m3、2.26m3、0.56m3. Average release flux of methane in rumex plantaginea is 5.9mg h- 1m-2The methane release flux of the river was kept at a moderate level of 2.9mg h compared to the beach-1m-2。
As shown in figure 2, engineering measures are taken to reduce the methane release flux of the continent stall, a ditch is excavated in the center of the continent beach, water bodies on the left side and the right side of the continent beach can be communicated, and the depth of the excavated ditch is 0.5-0-6m lower than the flood control limit water level. And manually regulating and controlling the water level fluctuation of the experiment area to double the fluctuation frequency of the water level of the experiment area, and increasing the frequency of the beach in the submerged falling and drying alternate state, thereby increasing the undercurrent exchange amount of the beach and reducing the emission of greenhouse gases of the beach. Monitoring CH at original beach monitoring point4The release flux of gas and methane in the central area of the continent beach are greatly reduced to 2.7mg h-1m-2While the edge ring area remains lowThe release flux of methane is maintained at-0.37 to 1.4mg h-1m-2. The total volume increase of the submerged flow exchange from the edge to the center of the continent stall is 2.78m3、2.46m3、2.65m3. The average release flux of methane in the stall is reduced to 1.84mg h- 1m-2Compared with the original working condition, the methane release flux is reduced by 68.8 percent, and the greenhouse gas emission flux of the shoal is reduced.
Claims (8)
1. A greenhouse gas emission reduction method for improving the greenhouse effect of an operating reservoir is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) reservoir bank area beach investigation:
surveying the operating water level of the reservoir and the beach of the reservoir area, and taking the beach with the normal low water level of the reservoir and the water surface exposed as the implementable area of the greenhouse gas emission reduction project of the reservoir;
(2) reservoir engineering emission reduction:
in a region which can be implemented in a reservoir greenhouse gas emission reduction project, reforming a beach, excavating a channel in the beach, wherein the excavating depth is 0.5-0.6m lower than the normal low water level position of a reservoir, so that when the reservoir operates at a low water level, water flows still pass through the channel, the undercurrent exchange amount in the beach is increased, and the emission reduction of the reservoir beach greenhouse gas is realized;
(3) regulating and controlling the water level of the reservoir to reduce emission:
on the basis of the perennial water level regulation range of the reservoir, the fluctuation frequency of the water level of the reservoir is increased, so that the frequency of the shoal in the submerged dry state is continuously increased, the undercurrent exchange of the shoal in the reservoir is further increased, and the increase of the emission reduction rate of the reservoir is realized.
2. The greenhouse gas emission reduction method for improving the greenhouse effect of the operating reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the operating water level of the reservoir in the step (1) is a daily water level fluctuation interval of the reservoir meeting the power generation and flood regulation requirements.
3. The greenhouse gas emission reduction method for improving the greenhouse effect of the operating reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein the beach of step (1) is a mudflat formed by the change of the hydraulics characteristics after the reservoir is built, and the beach can be used as an engineering construction area for reducing the greenhouse gas emission.
4. The greenhouse gas emission reduction method for improving the greenhouse effect of the operating reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein the investigation of the beach of the reservoir area in step (1) is conducted by surveying the number, position, topography and size of the beach of the reservoir area before the construction of the engineering measure.
5. The greenhouse gas emission reduction method for improving the greenhouse effect of the operating reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein the normal low water level of the reservoir in the step (1) is a flood control limit water level reached during the normal operation of the reservoir.
6. The greenhouse gas emission reduction method for improving the greenhouse effect of the operating reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein the improvement on the beach in the step (2) is to perform engineering improvement on the natural beach formed after the reservoir is constructed and operated to reduce the greenhouse gas emission effect, and the specific process is as follows: and excavating ditches in the shoal, wherein the excavation depth is 0.5-0.6m lower than the low water level position of the normal operation of the reservoir.
7. The greenhouse gas emission reduction method for improving the greenhouse effect of the operating reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein the year-round water level regulation and control range of the reservoir in the step (3) is a water level fluctuation range which meets the normal regulation and control power generation requirement of the reservoir and a range from a normal water storage level to a flood control limit water level.
8. The greenhouse gas emission reduction method for improving the greenhouse effect of the operating reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein the increasing of the fluctuation frequency of the reservoir water level to make the beach in the submerged dry state is performed in step (3) by increasing the fluctuation frequency of the reservoir water level, increasing the fluctuation frequency of the water level, increasing the frequency of the alternation of the beach in the submerged dry state, increasing the subsurface flow exchange amount of the beach, and reducing the greenhouse gas emission of the beach.
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