CN109797706B - A Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Method for Improving the Greenhouse Effect of Operating Reservoirs - Google Patents
A Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Method for Improving the Greenhouse Effect of Operating Reservoirs Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于改善运行水库温室效应的温室气体减排方法，包括如下步骤：(1)水库库区洲滩调查；(2)水库工程减排；(3)水库水位调控减排。该方法通过工程措施和调控水库蓄水水位波动频率增加水库洲滩的潜流交换，从而提高水库自身的温室气体减排能力，达到水库绿色运行的目的。现有发明中温室气体减排方法大多出自于工业产品排放减排，本发明提出的运行水库温室气体的减排方案，通过实施本发明水库温室气体减排方法可以达到既满足水库调度需求，又减少水库温室气体排放的功效。本发明通过工程措施与人工调控措施，简易可行，成本较低，构建系统后，即可实现人工室内控制处理，无需再现场施工。The invention discloses a greenhouse gas emission reduction method for improving the greenhouse effect of an operating reservoir, which comprises the following steps: (1) investigation of the shoal in the reservoir area; (2) emission reduction of the reservoir engineering; (3) regulation and emission reduction of the water level of the reservoir . The method increases the exchange of undercurrent in the reservoir beach by engineering measures and regulating the frequency of fluctuations in the storage water level of the reservoir, thereby improving the greenhouse gas emission reduction capability of the reservoir itself and achieving the purpose of green operation of the reservoir. Most of the greenhouse gas emission reduction methods in the existing invention are derived from the emission reduction of industrial products. The emission reduction scheme for operating the reservoir greenhouse gas proposed by the present invention can not only meet the reservoir scheduling requirements, but also meet the reservoir greenhouse gas emission reduction method of the present invention. Efficacy of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from reservoirs. The present invention adopts engineering measures and manual control measures, is simple and feasible, and has low cost. After the system is constructed, artificial indoor control treatment can be realized, and no on-site construction is required.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及水库生态环境保护领域，涉及一种用于水库生态环境改善的水库调度减排和工程减排方法，具体涉及一种用于改善运行水库温室效应的温室气体减排方法。The invention relates to the field of reservoir ecological environment protection, relates to a reservoir dispatching emission reduction and engineering emission reduction method for improving the reservoir ecological environment, and particularly relates to a greenhouse gas emission reduction method for improving the greenhouse effect of an operating reservoir.
背景技术Background technique
河流是有机碳重要输送渠道，碳沉积、矿化分解等过程非常活跃，在全球碳循环中扮演着重要的角色。据统计，全球河流每年向海洋输送约400～900Tg有机碳。近年来，随着人类对水资源开发需求的日益增加，全球很多河流已被开发。据统计，全球河流上已建成高库大坝达到70000多座，且更多大坝还在规划设计或建设之中，建库后，河流流速变缓，大量悬移质和推移质在库区滞留、沉积，泥沙沉积后易形成缺氧环境，改变氧化还原条件，进而影响有机物碳分解方式。研究表明，河流泥沙沉积为厌氧产甲烷菌创造了有利条件，释放大量CH4温室气体，已引起了国内外学者的广泛关注。有研究通过对比水库和天然河流中CH4气体的释放速率，发现水库为CH4释放的热点区域，估算后得出大坝建设导致全球CH4气体释放量增加了7％。目前，关于水库温室气体排放减排的措施还很少被提及。Rivers are important transport channels for organic carbon, and processes such as carbon deposition, mineralization and decomposition are very active, and play an important role in the global carbon cycle. According to statistics, the global rivers transport about 400 to 900 Tg of organic carbon to the ocean every year. In recent years, with the increasing demand for water resources development, many rivers around the world have been developed. According to statistics, more than 70,000 high-reservoir dams have been built on rivers around the world, and more dams are still in the planning, design or construction. Retention, deposition, and sediment deposition are prone to form an anoxic environment, change the redox conditions, and then affect the decomposition of organic matter carbon. Studies have shown that river sediment deposition creates favorable conditions for anaerobic methanogens and releases a large amount of CH4 greenhouse gas, which has attracted extensive attention of scholars at home and abroad. By comparing the CH 4 gas release rates in reservoirs and natural rivers, some studies have found that reservoirs are hot spots for CH 4 release, and it is estimated that the construction of dams has resulted in a 7% increase in the global CH 4 gas release. At present, measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from reservoirs are rarely mentioned.
目前大多数的温室气体减排方法都着重于工业产品设计中的温室气体减排，对于水库运行中温室气体减排的措施还很少被提及。然而，随着水库建设的开展，水库运行中的温室气体排放日益受到人们的关注，继续提出水库运行过程中温室气体的减排措施。Most of the current GHG emission reduction methods focus on GHG emission reduction in industrial product design, and measures for GHG emission reduction in reservoir operation are rarely mentioned. However, with the development of the reservoir construction, the greenhouse gas emission during the operation of the reservoir has been paid more and more attention, and the emission reduction measures of the greenhouse gas during the operation of the reservoir have been continuously proposed.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
发明目的：针对现有技术工程投资大、劳动消耗大等问题，本发明提供一种一种用于改善运行水库温室效应的温室气体减排方法，该方法通过工程措施、调控水库蓄水水位波动频率等措施增加水库的洲滩潜流交换，从而增加了水库本身具有的潜流交换，降低了水库洲滩的温室气体排放，进而提高了水库自身的减排能力，达到了水库运行温室气体减排的目的。本发明的水库环境保护的生态调度方法和工程措施，操作简单方便可行，且能够很好的使水库温室气体排放减少。Purpose of the invention: In view of the problems of large engineering investment and large labor consumption in the prior art, the present invention provides a greenhouse gas emission reduction method for improving the greenhouse effect of operating reservoirs. The frequency and other measures increase the exchange of subsurface currents in the reservoir, thereby increasing the exchange of subsurface currents in the reservoir itself, reducing the greenhouse gas emissions from the reservoir beach, thereby improving the reservoir's own emission reduction capacity, and achieving the reduction of greenhouse gas emission reduction in the operation of the reservoir. Purpose. The ecological scheduling method and engineering measures for environmental protection of the reservoir of the invention are simple, convenient and feasible to operate, and can well reduce the emission of greenhouse gases in the reservoir.
技术方案：为了实现上述目的，如本发明所述一种用于改善运行水库温室效应的温室气体减排方法，包括如下步骤：Technical solution: In order to achieve the above purpose, a greenhouse gas emission reduction method for improving the greenhouse effect of an operating reservoir as described in the present invention includes the following steps:
(1)水库库区洲滩调查：(1) Investigation on the beach in the reservoir area:
对水库运行水位、库区洲滩进行勘察，以水库正常低水位能够露出水面的洲滩为水库温室气体减排工程可实施区域；Investigate the operating water level of the reservoir and the shoal in the reservoir area, and take the shoal where the normal low water level of the reservoir can be exposed to the water surface as the area where the greenhouse gas emission reduction project of the reservoir can be implemented;
(2)水库工程减排：(2) Reservoir project emission reduction:
在水库温室气体减排工程可实施区域，对洲滩进行改造，在洲滩内部开挖沟渠，开挖深度为比水库运行低水位位置低0.5-0.6m，使水库在低水位运行时，沟渠内仍有水流通过，进而增加洲滩内部的潜流交换量，实现水库洲滩温室气体的减排；In the area where the greenhouse gas emission reduction project of the reservoir can be implemented, the beach is reconstructed, and trenches are excavated inside the beach. The excavation depth is 0.5-0.6m lower than the low water level of the reservoir operation, so that when the reservoir is running at a low water level, the trenches There is still water flowing through the reservoir, thereby increasing the exchange of undercurrent in the shoal, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the shoal of the reservoir;
(3)水库水位调控减排：(3) Reservoir water level regulation and emission reduction:
在水库常年水位调控范围基础上，增加水库水位的波动频率，使洲滩处于淹没落干状态的频率不断增加，进而增加水库内部洲滩的潜流交换，实现水库减排速率的增加。On the basis of the perennial water level regulation range of the reservoir, increasing the frequency of reservoir water level fluctuations keeps the frequency of flooding and drying up of the shoals, which in turn increases the exchange of submerged currents in the shoals within the reservoir and increases the rate of emission reduction in the reservoir.
其中，步骤(1)所述水库运行水位水库满足发电、调洪需求的日常水位波动区间。Wherein, in the step (1), the operating water level of the reservoir is the daily water level fluctuation range in which the reservoir meets the demands of power generation and flood regulation.
其中，步骤(1)所述洲滩是指水库建设后由于水力学特征改变堆积而成的滩涂，洲滩可作为温室气体减排的工程施工区域。Wherein, the shoals described in step (1) refer to shoals accumulated due to changes in hydraulic characteristics after the construction of the reservoir, and the shoals can be used as engineering construction areas for greenhouse gas emission reduction.
进一步地，步骤(1)所述库区洲滩进行勘察是指在工程措施施工前对库区内洲滩的数量，位置，地形，地貌，大小进行踏勘。Further, the reconnaissance of the beach in the reservoir area in step (1) refers to the survey of the number, location, topography, landform and size of the beach in the reservoir area before the construction of the engineering measures.
其中，步骤(1)所述水库正常低水位是指水库正常运行过程中达到的防洪限制水位。Wherein, the normal low water level of the reservoir in step (1) refers to the flood control limit water level reached during the normal operation of the reservoir.
其中，步骤(2)所述对洲滩进行改造是指对水库建设运行后形成的天然洲滩进行工程改造，降低他的温室气体排放效应。Wherein, the transformation of the beach in step (2) refers to the engineering transformation of the natural beach formed after the construction and operation of the reservoir, so as to reduce its greenhouse gas emission effect.
进一步地，所述水库正常低水位即为水库运行低水位即为是指满足水库发电、调洪需求时的水库低水位，一般情况下该水位是防洪限制水位。Further, the normal low water level of the reservoir refers to the low water level of the reservoir during operation, that is, the low water level of the reservoir when the demand for power generation and flood regulation of the reservoir is met. Generally, the water level is the limited water level for flood control.
其中，步骤(3)所述水库常年水位调控范围即满足水库正常调控发电需求的水位波动范围，及正常蓄水位至防洪限制水位之间的范围。Wherein, the perennial water level regulation range of the reservoir in step (3) is the water level fluctuation range that meets the normal regulation and power generation demand of the reservoir, and the range between the normal water storage level and the flood control limit water level.
作为优选，步骤(3)所述的增加水库水位的波动频率，使洲滩处于淹没落干状态的频率不断增加是指通过水库调度，增加水库水位的波动频率，使水位波动频率增加，使洲滩处于淹没落干交替的频率增加，增加洲滩的潜流交换量，降低洲滩温室气体的排放。Preferably, in step (3), increasing the frequency of the fluctuation of the water level of the reservoir, so that the frequency of the flooded and dry state of the island beach is continuously increased, which means that the frequency of the fluctuation of the water level of the reservoir is increased through the regulation of the reservoir, so that the frequency of the fluctuation of the water level is increased, so that the island is in a state of being submerged and dried out. The frequency of the shoal being inundated and dipping and drying alternately increases, which increases the exchange of subsurface currents in the shoal and reduces the emission of greenhouse gases from the shoal.
水力发电是否是清洁能源一直受到科学界质疑，其中最大原因之一是水库的构筑和运行增加了温室气体的排放。本发明中洲滩环境是水库温室气体排放的重要场所，而洲滩上温室气体排放的速率取决于潜流交换的强度，一般的潜流交换越强，温室气体的排放速率越低，潜流交换强度越低温室气体的排放速率越高。本发明就在于提供一种方法，用于增加水库自身的潜流交换强度，进而提高水库自身的减排速率，由工程措施和人工水位调控措施同时实施相辅完成，两种方式联用来增加水库自身的减排效率。Whether hydropower is a clean energy source has been questioned by the scientific community, one of the biggest reasons is that the construction and operation of reservoirs increases greenhouse gas emissions. In the present invention, the continental shoal environment is an important place for the emission of greenhouse gases from the reservoir, and the rate of greenhouse gas emission on the shoal depends on the intensity of the undercurrent exchange. Generally, the stronger the undercurrent exchange, the lower the emission rate of greenhouse gases and the lower the intensity of the undercurrent exchange. The higher the emission rate of greenhouse gases. The present invention is to provide a method for increasing the undercurrent exchange intensity of the reservoir itself, thereby improving the emission reduction rate of the reservoir itself. The engineering measures and the artificial water level control measures are simultaneously implemented and complemented, and the two methods are combined to increase the reservoir. own emission reduction efficiency.
有益效果：与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点：Beneficial effect: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
本发明相较于传统生态调度方法，考虑了水库温室气体排放，通过实施本发明方案，在水库内构筑工程减排措施后联用人为水位调控措施，可以很好的扩大水库本身具有的潜流环境，增加水库的潜流交换强度，进而增加水库的减排效率，达到既满足水库调度需求，又减少水库温室气体排放的功效。目前水库未发现运用于温室气体减排的方法，本发明的推广将填补这一领域的空白，且本发明简易可行，成本较低，构建系统后，无需人工现场操作即可实现人工室内控制处理，无需再现场施工。Compared with the traditional ecological regulation method, the present invention takes into account the greenhouse gas emission of the reservoir. By implementing the solution of the present invention, the artificial water level control measures are used together with the construction of engineering emission reduction measures in the reservoir, so that the undercurrent environment of the reservoir itself can be well expanded. , to increase the exchange intensity of the subsurface flow of the reservoir, thereby increasing the emission reduction efficiency of the reservoir, to achieve the effect of not only meeting the needs of reservoir regulation, but also reducing the greenhouse gas emissions of the reservoir. At present, no method for reducing greenhouse gas emissions has been found in reservoirs. The promotion of the present invention will fill the gap in this field, and the present invention is simple, feasible, and low in cost. After the system is constructed, artificial indoor control treatment can be realized without manual on-site operation. , no need for on-site construction.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是水库水体减排工程措施方法的示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the engineering measures for reducing water body water in the reservoir;
图2是水库水体减排生态调度方法的示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the ecological dispatching method of water body emission reduction in the reservoir;
图3是为实施例2的实验的监测布点。FIG. 3 is the monitoring layout for the experiment of Example 2. FIG.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
实施例1Example 1
利用湖库中甲烷释放通量随潜流交换强度的增加而减小的特性，提出两项联用措施帮助湖库温室气体减排，一是如图1所示，通过工程措施，在洲摊内部开挖沟渠，增加洲摊的潜流交换强度，降低洲摊的温室气体排放通量。二是如图2所示，通过增加湖库水位波动频率增加潜流交换量，增加洲摊的潜流交换频度和通量，进而降低洲摊的温室气体排放。Taking advantage of the fact that the methane release flux in the lake and reservoir decreases with the increase of the undercurrent exchange intensity, two combined measures are proposed to help the lake and reservoir reduce greenhouse gas emissions. One is as shown in Figure 1. Dig trenches to increase the exchange intensity of subsurface currents and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Second, as shown in Figure 2, by increasing the frequency of lake and reservoir water level fluctuations, the amount of undercurrent exchange is increased, and the frequency and flux of undercurrent exchange in the island are increased, thereby reducing the greenhouse gas emissions of the island.
具体为对水库运行水位、库区洲滩进行详细勘察，详细了解库区内洲滩的位置、地形地貌特征，以水库防洪限制水位能够露出水面的洲滩为水库温室气体减排工程可实施区域，该洲滩在水库水位调控时可以处于淹没落干交替状态，以该洲滩为工程可实施洲滩对其进行改造。改造方式：以洲滩中心开挖水沟，使洲滩左右两边水体能够贯通，开挖水沟深度为低于水库运行低水位即洪水限制水位0.5-0.6m，该工程措施的实施可以增强水库水位调控过程中潜流交换的强度，具体开挖水沟水量随洲滩低质、大小具体确定。工程措施构建完成后，在水库常年水位调控范围基础上人为调控水库实际蓄水放水过程，增加水库水位的波动频率增加工程减排措施在水体中的淹没落干交替频率，使洲滩处于淹没落干状态的频率不断增加，进而增加水库内部洲滩的潜流交换，实现水库减排速率的增加提高工程减排措施的潜流交换强度，进而增加减排效率，进一步达到水库减排的目的。Specifically, it is necessary to conduct a detailed survey of the operating water level of the reservoir and the beach in the reservoir area, and learn about the location and topographic features of the beach in the reservoir area. , when the water level of the reservoir is regulated, the shoal can be in an alternate state of submersion and drying, and the shoal can be reconstructed by taking this shoal as the project. Reconstruction method: excavate a ditch in the center of the beach, so that the water bodies on the left and right sides of the beach can be connected. The depth of the ditch is 0.5-0.6m lower than the operating low water level of the reservoir, that is, the flood limit water level. The implementation of this engineering measure can strengthen the reservoir. In the process of water level regulation, the intensity of undercurrent exchange and the specific water volume of the excavated ditches are determined according to the low quality and size of the shoal. After the construction of the engineering measures is completed, the actual water storage and release process of the reservoir is artificially regulated on the basis of the annual water level regulation range of the reservoir, and the fluctuation frequency of the reservoir water level is increased to increase the frequency of the submergence and dryness of the engineering emission reduction measures in the water body. The frequency of dry state continues to increase, which in turn increases the exchange of subsurface currents in the shoal within the reservoir, thereby increasing the rate of emission reduction in the reservoir and improving the intensity of subsurface current exchange in the emission reduction measures of the project, thereby increasing the emission reduction efficiency and further achieving the goal of reservoir emission reduction.
上述步骤完成后，即可调控水库温室气体排放大小。相比于现在国内长周期的蓄水放水的调控措施，该方法可以达到很好的减排效果。After the above steps are completed, the amount of greenhouse gas emissions from the reservoir can be regulated. Compared with the current domestic long-term water storage and release regulation measures, this method can achieve a good emission reduction effect.
实施例2Example 2
按照实施例1选择漫湾水库为实施研究区域，漫湾水库运行期间，最高运行水位标高992.99m，最低运行水位标高986.63m，水库水位频繁波动，最大振幅为6.36m，选定洲滩在水位波动期长期处于淹没落干交替状态具有较强的潜流交换作为验证区域。According to Example 1, the Manwan Reservoir was selected as the research area. During the operation of the Manwan Reservoir, the highest operating water level was 992.99m, the lowest operating water level was 986.63m, the water level of the reservoir fluctuated frequently, and the maximum amplitude was 6.36m. In the fluctuating period, the long-term submerged and dry alternating state has a strong undercurrent exchange as the verification area.
如图3所示布设温室气体释放通量监测点，原位监测洲滩表面CH4气体的释放通量，洲滩中心区域的甲烷释放通量最高，达到10.4mg h-1m-2，而边缘环状区域呈现较低的甲烷释放通量，保持在-0.2～1.6mg h-1m-2，其中负值表示甲烷沉降。洲滩上甲烷释放通量较低的边缘环状区域面积占洲滩总面积的89.1％，其中占比9.1％的区域为甲烷沉降。洲摊从边缘至中心潜流交换总体积为2.61m3、2.26m3、0.56m3。洲摊甲烷的平均释放通量5.9mg h- 1m-2，与洲滩相比，河流的甲烷释放通量保持在中等水平2.9mg h-1m-2。As shown in Fig. 3, the greenhouse gas emission flux monitoring points were arranged to monitor the CH 4 gas emission flux on the surface of the shoal. The methane emission flux in the central area of the shoal was the highest, reaching 10.4 mg h -1 m -2 , while The marginal annular region presents a lower methane emission flux, which is maintained at -0.2 to 1.6 mg h -1 m -2 , where a negative value indicates methane deposition. The marginal annular area with low methane emission flux on the shoal accounts for 89.1% of the total area of the shoal, of which 9.1% is methane deposition. The total volume of the subsurface current exchange from the edge to the center of the island is 2.61m 3 , 2.26m 3 and 0.56m 3 . The average methane emission flux in the continuum was 5.9 mg h - 1 m -2 , and the methane emission flux in the river remained at a moderate level of 2.9 mg h -1 m -2 compared with the shoal.
如图2所示采取工程措施降低洲摊甲烷释放通量，以洲滩中心开挖水沟，使洲滩左右两边水体能够贯通，开挖水沟深度为低于防洪限制水位0.5-0-6m。再通过人为调控实验区域水位波动，使实验区域水位的波动频率提高一倍，洲滩处于淹没落干交替状态的频率增加，进而增加洲滩的潜流交换量，降低洲滩温室气体的排放。在原有洲滩监测点监测CH4气体的释放通量，洲滩中心区域的甲烷释放通量得到大幅度减小，降至2.7mg h-1m-2，而边缘环状区域仍保持较低的甲烷释放通量，维持在-0.37～1.4mg h-1m-2。洲摊从边缘至中心潜流交换总体积增加为2.78m3、2.46m3、2.65m3。洲摊甲烷的平均释放通量降低至1.84mg h- 1m-2，与原有工况相比，甲烷释放通量降低了68.8％，降低洲摊的温室气体排放通量。As shown in Figure 2, engineering measures are taken to reduce the methane release flux of the island. A ditch is excavated in the center of the island, so that the water bodies on the left and right sides of the beach can be connected. The depth of the excavation trench is 0.5-0-6m below the flood control limit water level. . By artificially regulating the water level fluctuation in the experimental area, the frequency of the water level fluctuation in the experimental area is doubled, and the frequency of the shoal in the alternating state of submerged and dry is increased, thereby increasing the exchange volume of the submerged current on the shoal and reducing the emission of greenhouse gases in the shoal. The emission flux of CH 4 gas was monitored at the original monitoring point of the shoal. The methane emission flux in the central area of the shoal was greatly reduced to 2.7mg h -1 m -2 , while the marginal annular area remained low. The methane emission flux was maintained at -0.37～1.4mg h -1 m -2 . From the edge to the center, the total volume of the subsurface current exchange in the island is increased to 2.78m 3 , 2.46m 3 and 2.65m 3 . The average release flux of methane in Zhoutan was reduced to 1.84mg h - 1 m -2 , compared with the original working condition, the methane release flux was reduced by 68.8%, which reduced the greenhouse gas emission flux in Zhoutan.
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