CN109796078B - Reservoir denitrification method for improving ecological environment of reservoir - Google Patents
Reservoir denitrification method for improving ecological environment of reservoir Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reservoir denitrification method for improving the ecological environment of a reservoir, which comprises the following steps: (1) surveying the topography around the reservoir; (2) performing reservoir engineering denitrification; (3) and (4) denitrification by regulating the water level of the reservoir. The method increases the submerged falling-dry alternate surface area of the reservoir through engineering measures and regulation and control of fluctuation frequency of the water level of the reservoir, thereby improving the denitrification capability of the reservoir and achieving the aim of purifying the water environment of the reservoir. Compared with the traditional ecological scheduling method, the method considers the water environment factor of the reservoir, can achieve the effects of meeting the scheduling requirement of the reservoir and improving the water quality of the reservoir by implementing the denitrification method of the reservoir, is simpler and more feasible and has lower cost by engineering measures and manual regulation and control measures compared with the traditional denitrification method of the water body, can realize manual indoor control treatment after a system is constructed, and does not need field construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of reservoir ecological environment protection, in particular to a reservoir scheduling denitrification and engineering denitrification method for improving the reservoir ecological environment.
Background
The reservoir brings economic and social benefits to human beings and also has certain negative effects on a river ecosystem. For example, building a reservoir may cause problems such as river break, water quality deterioration, and the like. At present, the main measure for solving the ecological influence of reservoir building is to manually regulate and control the discharge flow so as to meet the basic water demand of rivers. However, this method cannot solve the problem of deterioration of reservoir water quality caused by the time of reservoir building.
The nitrogen pollution in the water body of the reservoir is the most common pollution form in the water body of the reservoir, and after the nitrogen pollution in the water body of the reservoir reaches a certain degree, the eutrophication of the reservoir is likely to be caused, so that the growth of algae and the outbreak of water bloom are promoted. At present, under the drive of a series of environmental protection policies, most of exogenous pollution around the reservoir is checked and controlled, but nitrogen entering the reservoir has no good removal measures, and the substances are likely to generate a series of conversions along with the change of the reservoir environment to cause lake eutrophication or more serious pollution. The existing researches prove that the generation of the hydro-fluctuation belt is an important place for denitrification in the water body of the reservoir in the process of reservoir construction and operation, and the researches provide a basis for denitrification regulation and control of the water body of the reservoir.
Most of current ecological dispatching focuses on dispatching of ecological water quantity, so that reservoir dispatching meets ecological water demand requirements while meeting power generation and irrigation purposes (patent CN 103088783A, CN 106096147A, CN 104047258A and the like). However, as the reservoir operates, the problem of water quality caused after the reservoir gradually becomes a lake is rarely considered. The main method of the existing water body denitrification technical method is still an engineering measure (patent CN 107758867A, CN 105967456A, CN 103125163A and the like), and comprises the steps of establishing a floating denitrification biological bed, installing an artificial purification device and the like. However, these projects are expensive and require a lot of manual labor to assist implementation, and it is difficult to implement the large-area water body like a reservoir.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems of large engineering investment, large labor consumption and the like in the prior art, the invention provides the reservoir denitrification method for improving the ecological environment of the reservoir. The ecological scheduling method and the engineering measure for the reservoir environment protection have simple, convenient and feasible operation and can well discharge the nitrogen in the water body of the reservoir.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for improving the ecological environment of a reservoir, comprising the steps of:
(1) surveying the topography and landform around the reservoir:
carrying out detailed landform survey on the landform around the reservoir, knowing the landform characteristics of the periphery of the reservoir, and selecting an area with forest and grass coverage rate less than 30% below the normal water storage level of the reservoir as an implementable area of the denitrification project of the reservoir;
(2) reservoir engineering denitrification:
in the region where the denitrification project of the reservoir can be implemented, the original bank zone is reformed, the gradient of the bank zone is reduced, the alternate environment area of the submerged falling dry environment of the reservoir is increased, and the area of a denitrification reaction bed of the water body of the reservoir is increased;
(3) water level regulation and control of the reservoir:
on the basis of the perennial water level regulation range of the reservoir, the fluctuation frequency of the water level of the reservoir is increased, so that the submerged dry environment alternation of the reservoir is increased, and the denitrification rate of the reservoir is increased;
wherein, the normal water level of the reservoir in the step (1) refers to the highest water level stored by the reservoir under the normal operation condition, also called normal high water level.
The area below the normal water storage level of the reservoir in the step (1) refers to an area which can be constructed below the perennial water storage level of the reservoir, can submerge a shoreside area which is alternatively covered by falling and drying when the water level fluctuates, and the area below the normal water storage level refers to an area below the normal high water level where the reservoir meets the requirements of power generation and flood regulation, and is above the flood control limit water level.
Wherein, the forest and grass coverage rate of less than 30% in the step (1) means that the forest and grass coverage rate of an area where engineering denitrification measures can be implemented on the bank side in the water storage process of the reservoir is less than 30%, namely, the forest and grass cannot be completely covered due to bank side water flooding in the water storage process of the reservoir, and the forest and grass coverage rate is less than 30%. The area with low forest and grass coverage rate is selected for engineering denitrification, so that the influence of engineering measures on the natural environment of the reservoir can be reduced to the maximum extent.
Wherein, the denitrification implementable area in the step (2) refers to a constructable area with vegetation coverage rate less than 30% below the normal water storage level in the step (1), and the water level fluctuation characteristics of a specific reservoir should be considered when selecting the engineering area.
And (3) transforming the original shore area to reduce the gradient of the shore area. The method is characterized in that in a denitrification project implementable area, the original bank side zone is mechanically or manually excavated, the slope of the bank side zone is reduced, the length of the bank side zone is prolonged, and the area of a reaction bed for engineering denitrification is increased.
And (4) in the reservoir water level regulation and control range in the step (3), the perennial water level fluctuation area of the reservoir is provided, the upper limit of the reservoir is the normal water storage level, and the lower limit of the reservoir is the flood control water level limit, namely the existing water level fluctuation area for meeting the power generation demand and the flood regulation and control.
The step (3) of increasing the fluctuation frequency of the reservoir water level refers to increasing the fluctuation frequency of the reservoir water level on the basis of ensuring the reservoir safety and meeting the power generation requirement, flood regulation requirement and downstream ecological requirement of the reservoir.
Further, the step (3) of increasing the fluctuation frequency of the reservoir water level is to increase the fluctuation of the reservoir water level by changing the regulation law of the reservoir water level on the basis of the perennial fluctuation region of the reservoir water level, so as to enhance the denitrification rate of the bank side band of the reservoir and realize the rapid realization of the denitrification of the reservoir. Namely, in the power generation process of the reservoir, the submerged falling-dry alternate frequency of the bank side band of the reservoir is increased through the change of the scheduling mode, and the denitrification rate of the bank side band is increased.
The aquatic environment is always an important place for the nitrification and denitrification process, wherein the denitrification process is an important way for the self denitrification of the lake and reservoir environment, the speed of the denitrification process depends on the change of the water environment and the size of a denitrification reaction bed, and generally, the more frequent the alternate submerging and drying is, the stronger the denitrification effect is. The invention aims to provide a method for increasing the submerging and drying frequency of a reservoir, further improving the denitrification rate of the bank side of the reservoir, increasing the area of a denitrification reaction bed of the bank side, and enlarging the denitrification flux of the reservoir.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
compared with the traditional ecological scheduling method, the method considers the water environment factor of the reservoir, and by implementing the scheme of the invention, the artificial water level regulation and control measures are combined after the engineering denitrification measures are constructed in the reservoir, so that the denitrification reaction bed area of the reservoir can be well enlarged, the denitrification efficiency of the reservoir is increased, the effects of meeting the scheduling requirement of the reservoir and improving the water quality of the reservoir are achieved, namely the method increases the flooding and drying alternate surface area of the reservoir through the engineering measures and the fluctuation frequency of the water level of the reservoir, improves the denitrification capability of the reservoir and achieves the purpose of purifying the water environment of the reservoir. Compared with the traditional water body engineering denitrification method, the method is simpler and more feasible through engineering measures and manual regulation and control measures, is lower in cost, can realize manual indoor control treatment without manual field operation after a system is constructed, and does not need field construction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a reservoir water denitrification engineering measure method;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a reservoir water denitrification ecological scheduling method.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
Example 1
Surveying the topographic features of the reservoir area, and selecting the area below the normal water level of the reservoir and with forest and grass coverage rate less than 30% as the area where the denitrification engineering of the reservoir can be implemented to construct the denitrification measures of the engineering.
As shown in fig. 1, the slope of the bank side zone is modified in a selected engineering denitrification area by adopting a mechanical or manual construction mode, so that the slope of the bank side zone is reduced, the length of the bank side zone is prolonged, and a denitrification reaction bed is added. The transformation range is specifically set according to the denitrification requirement of the specific reservoir.
As shown in figure 2, after the denitrification engineering measures are constructed on the bank side of the reservoir, the actual water storage level of the reservoir is artificially regulated and controlled, the submerging and drying alternate frequency of the engineering denitrification measures in a water body is increased, the denitrification rate of the engineering denitrification measures is increased, the denitrification efficiency is increased, and the aim of denitrification of the reservoir is further fulfilled.
After the steps are completed, the size of the denitrification reaction bed surface area and the denitrification rate of the reservoir can be regulated and controlled only by regulating and controlling the actual water storage level of the reservoir. Compared with the existing regulation and control measures for long-period water storage and discharge, the method can achieve a good denitrification effect.
Example 2
The method is characterized in that a bay reservoir is selected as an implementation research area, during the operation period of the bay reservoir, the annual highest operation water level elevation 992.99m and lowest operation water level elevation 986.63m are adopted, the reservoir water level fluctuates frequently, the maximum amplitude is 6.36m, and the method is an ideal patent verification area.
And performing detailed survey on the terrain around the gulf reservoir, and selecting a 2-meter wide and 13-meter long bank zone area with the coverage rate of less than 30% on the bank zone of the gulf reservoir as a patent verification area. In the original state, sampling is carried out at equal intervals from the perennial submerged area to the perennial dry falling area in sequence, the number of dry falling times in 2016 of the perennial submerged area is 17, the number of submerged falling times in 2016 of the perennial dry falling area is 6, the number of dry falling colloid submerged in the central area is 126, experiments show that the denitrification rates of different submerged dry falling alternation times areas show good difference, and the results show that the denitrification rate of the perennial submerged area in the bank zone of the reservoir is 21.37-82.26 mu mol Nm2h-1The denitrification rate of the reservoir inundation dry-falling alternate frequent alternate zone is 150-314.03 mu mol N m2h-1The denitrification rate of the perennial dry falling area of the reservoir is 7.06-39.86 mu mol N m2h-1The experiment shows that the frequent alternation of the submerged drying environment is beneficial to the increase of the denitrification rate, and the denitrification efficiency of the reservoir can be increased by changing the reservoir water level regulation and control measures in the existing measures. The average denitrification rate of the prior bank side band is 102.43 mu mol N m2h-1For improving the existing bank zone, the mechanical excavation mode is adopted to reduce the slope of the bank zone, the length of the bank zone is increased from the original 13 meters to the existing 18 meters after the improvement is finished, and the submerged falling-dry alternative area is increased by 4.6 meters compared with the original area2(ii) a Artificially regulating and controlling the water level fluctuation frequency of the experimental area to be one time of the initial frequency, carrying out denitrification experiments at the original experimental points, and respectively increasing the denitrification rate of the original experimental points to 24.58-97.42 mu mol Nm2h-1，184.44～380.02μmol N m2h-1，19.84～60.65μmol N m2h-1The average denitrification rate of the reconstructed shoreside belt is increased to 127.83 mu mol N m2h-1The land-side denitrification reaction area is increased by 4.6m2After the measures are implemented, the denitrification effect of the reservoir is increased by 24.8%.
According to the invention, by utilizing the characteristic that the denitrification rate of the bank side zone in the lake reservoir is increased along with the increase of the alternate frequency of the submerged dry environment caused by the fluctuation of the reservoir water level, two combined measures are provided to help the lake reservoir to denitrify, firstly, as shown in figure 1, the submerged dry surface area of the lake reservoir under a certain water level working condition is increased by reducing the gradient of the natural bank side zone of the reservoir, and the reaction bed in a denitrification hot spot area is increased; secondly, as shown in figure 2, by artificially regulating and controlling the fluctuation frequency of the reservoir water level, the submerged falling dry exchange frequency of the engineering denitrification measure under water is enhanced, the denitrification rate of the engineering denitrification measure is enhanced, and the denitrification flux of the lake reservoir is enhanced.
Claims (7)
1. A reservoir denitrification method for improving the ecological environment of a reservoir is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) surveying the topography and landform around the reservoir:
carrying out detailed landform survey on the landform around the reservoir, knowing the landform characteristics of the surrounding of the reservoir, and selecting an area with forest and grass coverage rate less than 30% below the normal water storage level of the reservoir as an implementable area of the denitrification project of the reservoir;
(2) reservoir engineering denitrification:
in an implementable region of a denitrification project of the reservoir, the original bank zone is reformed, the gradient of the original bank zone of the reservoir is reduced, the length of the original bank zone of the reservoir is prolonged, the environment area of the reservoir submerged dry environment is increased, and the area of a denitrification reaction bed for denitrification of the reservoir is increased;
(3) water level regulation and control of the reservoir:
on the basis of the perennial water level regulation range of the reservoir, the fluctuation frequency of the water level of the reservoir is increased by changing the water level regulation rule of the reservoir, so that the alternate frequency of the flooding and drying environment of the bank side belt of the reservoir is increased, the denitrification effect is enhanced, the denitrification rate of the bank side belt of the reservoir is enhanced, and the increase of the denitrification rate of the reservoir is realized.
2. The method for denitrogenation of a reservoir for improving ecological environment of a reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein said area below normal storage level of the reservoir in step (1) is the area below normal high water level where the reservoir meets the requirements of power generation and flood regulation.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the area with forest and grass coverage rate less than 30% in step (1) is an area with forest and grass coverage rate less than 30% and the area with forest and grass coverage rate less than 30% is not covered completely by waterflooding on bank side during reservoir storage.
4. The method for improving the ecological environment of a reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein the area where the denitrification project of the reservoir can be carried out in the step (2) is a construction area with vegetation coverage rate less than 30% below the normal water storage level of the reservoir in the step (1).
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein said step (2) of modifying the original bank zone to reduce the gradient of the original bank zone of the reservoir and extend the length of the original bank zone of the reservoir means that mechanical or manual construction work is used to reduce the gradient of the original bank zone of the reservoir, extend the length of the original bank zone of the reservoir and increase the denitrification bed area of the bank zone of the reservoir.
6. The method for denitrogenation of a reservoir according to claim 1, wherein said year-round water level control range in step (3) is year-round water level fluctuation region of the reservoir, the upper limit is normal water level, and the lower limit is flood control limit water level position designed for the reservoir.
7. The method for denitrogenation of a reservoir according to claim 1, wherein said increasing of the fluctuation frequency of the reservoir water level in step (3) is increasing of the fluctuation frequency of the reservoir water level on the basis of ensuring the reservoir safety and satisfying the power generation demand, flood regulation demand and downstream ecological demand of the reservoir.
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