CN109788812A - 防护手套和制备防护手套的方法 - Google Patents

防护手套和制备防护手套的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109788812A
CN109788812A CN201780054655.9A CN201780054655A CN109788812A CN 109788812 A CN109788812 A CN 109788812A CN 201780054655 A CN201780054655 A CN 201780054655A CN 109788812 A CN109788812 A CN 109788812A
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China
Prior art keywords
thermoplastic layer
thermoplastic
hand
layer
film
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CN201780054655.9A
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English (en)
Inventor
K·M·索雷斯
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of CN109788812A publication Critical patent/CN109788812A/zh
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D19/00—Gloves
    • A41D19/0055—Plastic or rubber gloves
    • A41D19/0068—Two-dimensional gloves, i.e. obtained by superposition of two sheets of material
    • A41D19/0072—Two-dimensional gloves, i.e. obtained by superposition of two sheets of material made of one layer of material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D19/00—Gloves
    • A41D19/0055—Plastic or rubber gloves
    • A41D19/0068—Two-dimensional gloves, i.e. obtained by superposition of two sheets of material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D19/00—Gloves
    • A41D19/0006—Gloves made of several layers of material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D19/00—Gloves
    • A41D19/001—Linings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D19/00—Gloves
    • A41D19/0055—Plastic or rubber gloves
    • A41D19/0058—Three-dimensional gloves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A41D19/00—Gloves
    • A41D19/0055—Plastic or rubber gloves
    • A41D19/0082—Details
    • A41D19/0096—Means for resisting mechanical agressions, e.g. cutting or piercing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D19/00—Gloves
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    • A41D19/01505—Protective gloves resistant to mechanical aggressions, e.g. cutting. piercing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A41D19/04—Appliances for making gloves; Measuring devices for glove-making
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44B—BUTTONS, PINS, BUCKLES, SLIDE FASTENERS, OR THE LIKE
    • A44B11/00—Buckles; Similar fasteners for interconnecting straps or the like, e.g. for safety belts
    • A44B11/25—Buckles; Similar fasteners for interconnecting straps or the like, e.g. for safety belts with two or more separable parts
    • A44B11/2503—Safety buckles
    • A44B11/2546—Details
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B42/00—Surgical gloves; Finger-stalls specially adapted for surgery; Devices for handling or treatment thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
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    • A61B42/10—Surgical gloves
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    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/745—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using a single unit having both a severing tool and a welding tool
    • B29C65/7455—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using a single unit having both a severing tool and a welding tool the unit being a roller
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/24—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight
    • B29C66/244—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being closed or non-straight said joint lines being non-straight, e.g. forming non-closed contours
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
    • B29C66/4326—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms for making hollow articles or hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells
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    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
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    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
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    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
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Abstract

用于手、手指或拇指的防护装置包括热焊接到第二热塑性层的第一热塑性层。所述第二热塑性层的厚度大于所述第一热塑性层的厚度。

Description

防护手套和制备防护手套的方法
技术领域
本发明一般涉及防护装置，并且具体实施例涉及阻止皮肤被尖锐物穿透的防护装置。
背景技术
包括但不限于医生、医师助理、护士、牙医和牙科助理的医疗从业者可以在医疗手术中使用仪器、植入物和/或针头。医疗手术可包括但不限于外科手术和操作、牙科手术和操作以及使用针头注射或抽取流体。存在这样的风险：医疗从业者的皮肤可能在医疗手术中被刺穿或穿透，导致经皮损伤。在医疗手术中先前使用的针或医疗仪器的处置或清洁期间，医疗从业者的皮肤也可能被刺穿或穿透。医疗从业者和/或患者可能由于医疗从业者的无意的皮肤刺穿而受到感染或疾病，包括但不限于葡萄球菌(staphylococcus)、肝炎和获得性免疫缺陷综合症(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome，AIDS)。在有或没有疾病或病原体传播的情况下，皮肤刺穿或其它伤口可能对医疗从业者造成创伤。在医疗手术中，需要保护医疗从业者和患者免受由医疗从业者的皮肤刺穿或伤口所致的感染和病原体的风险。
医疗从业者可以使用外科手套来减少在医疗手术中转移血源和其它病原体的风险。然而，外科手套通常不能提供足够的保护以防止皮肤被锐利物穿透。尖锐物可包括但不限于皮下注射针；医疗、牙科和实验室仪器(例如手术刀)；和硬组织和假体的毛刺和尖锐边缘或突起。研究表明，医疗从业者的刺穿伤口经常发生在医疗从业者的手指背或拇指背上。刺穿伤口可能主要发生在食指、拇指和中指上。举例来说，医疗从业者可以用惯用手握住注射器，同时用另一只手稳定、缩回、分离或触摸组织。患者的突然移动可能导致医疗从业者意外地刺穿非惯用手的手指背或拇指背。
切割和/或防刺穿手套在其它行业中是有用的。在食品服务行业中使用防护手套，其中手套旨在用作食品接触的保护屏障。然而，许多食品制备工作者也可以从保护工作者的手免受切割器具影响的手套中受益。在美容应用中，理发师和发廊使用手套来保护工作者的手免受各种化学物质，例如用于染发的染料和漂白剂的影响。许多美容师也可以从提供防止意外的剪刀切割和头发碎片的保护的手套中受益。最后，防切割手套可用作花园手套、机械手套、运动员手套、通用手套和厨房手套。虽然在许多这些行业中存在现有的防切割/防刺穿手套，但是这类手套往往体积庞大，使得用户难以工作。
授予Sorrels的美国专利第5,450,626号公开了具有柔性和防刺穿构型的保护性手指覆盖物，所述专利如同在本文中充分阐述一样通过引用的方式并入。手指覆盖物可以包括在覆盖物的顶侧上的防刺穿保护性表面，其贴合在手指的背部上。如本文所用，相对于手指的背侧意指手指与手掌相对的部分，并且腹侧意指当形成拳头时手指与手掌相邻的部分。手指引导件还可以包括保持或弹性层，其可以用于将覆盖物保持在用户的手指或拇指上。保持层可以位于覆盖物的底部，其贴合手指的腹部。覆盖物可以是开放式的以允许用户的拇指或手指的部分延伸穿过覆盖物。用户的拇指或手指的延伸穿过覆盖物的部分可以使用户在使用覆盖物时保留触觉。在使用期间可以旋转覆盖物以改变保护性表面的位置。
手指覆盖物和/或手部保护器可能限制用户的手指和/或手的灵活性。手指覆盖物和/或手部保护器可能限制用户在手术期间的触觉。在医疗手术期间，用户的触觉可能是重要的，特别是如果在手术期间需要触摸治疗区域的各种表面。医疗从业者可能需要在医疗手术期间保留触觉以控制患者并且保持对仪器、插入物和/或针的尖锐部分的位置的认识。此外，手指和/或手部保护器的使用可能受到患者体内可用的工作空间量的限制。举例来说，牙医在患者口腔内没有大量的工作空间。而且，在侵入性医疗手术期间，医生通常在患者体内不具有大量的工作空间。
发明内容
在一实施例中，用于手的防护手套包括：第一热塑性层；和热焊接到第一热塑性层的第二热塑性层，其中第二热塑性层的厚度大于第一热塑性层的厚度。
在一些实施例中，第一热塑性层在使用期间覆盖用户的手掌，并且第二热塑性层覆盖用户的手背。在其它实施例中，第一热塑性层在使用期间覆盖用户的手背，并且第二热塑性层覆盖用户的手掌。
在一实施例中，第二热塑性层的厚度为第一热塑性层厚度的约两倍。第一热塑性层的厚度大约可在约0.02mm到约1.0mm之间或约0.1mm到约0.5mm之间。第二热塑性层的厚度大于第一热塑性层的厚度，并且在约0.1mm到约1.0mm之间或在约0.25mm到约0.75mm之间的范围内。
在一实施例中，第一热塑性层的硬度可为约20A到约100A，并且第二热塑性层的硬度可为约70A到约100A或约20D到约50D。第二热塑性层可以由热焊接在一起的两个或更多个膜构成。
在一实施例中，第二热塑性层的密度可能大于1g/cm3。
在一些实施例中，第一热塑性层和/或第二热塑性层包含聚乙烯或聚氨酯。第一热塑性材料和/或第二热塑性材料可以由耐受体液的材料形成。
在一实施例中，第一热塑性材料和/或第二热塑性材料包括一个或多个折叠，所述折叠使第一热塑性材料和/或第二热塑性材料弯曲而不使第一热塑性材料和/或第二热塑性材料变形。
在一实施例中，用于手的手指的防护装置包括：第一热塑性层；和焊接到第一热塑性层的第二热塑性层，其中第二热塑性层的厚度大于第一热塑性层的厚度。
在一实施例中，制备防护手套的方法包括：将第一热塑性膜与第二热塑性膜接触，其中第二热塑性层的厚度大于第一热塑性层的厚度；通过将加热的手形物体放置成与第一热塑性膜和/或第二热塑性膜接触，将第一热塑性膜热焊接到第二热塑性膜上；并且从热焊接膜上切下手套。
在一实施例中，手形物体包含切削刃，当手形物体放置成与第一热塑性膜和/或第二热塑性膜接触时，所述切削刃将手套从热焊接膜上切割下来。手形物体可以是平面物体。在制备手套的过程中，可以将手形物体加热到高于第一热塑性膜和/或第二热塑性膜的玻璃化转变温度的温度。
在一实施例中，用于手的防护手套包括：第一热塑性层；和焊接到第一热塑性层的第二热塑性层，其中第二热塑性层的硬度大于第一热塑性层的硬度。
在一些实施例中，第一热塑性层在使用期间覆盖用户的手掌，并且第二热塑性层覆盖用户的手背。在其它实施例中，第一热塑性层在使用期间覆盖用户的手背，并且第二热塑性层覆盖用户的手掌。
第一热塑性层的硬度可为约20A到约40A，并且第二热塑性层的硬度可为约70A到约120A。第二热塑性层可以由热焊接在一起的两个或更多个膜构成。
在一些实施例中，第一热塑性层和/或第二热塑性层包含聚乙烯或聚氨酯。第一热塑性材料和/或第二热塑性材料可以由耐受体液的材料形成。
在一实施例中，第一热塑性材料和/或第二热塑性材料包括一个或多个折叠，所述折叠使第一热塑性材料和/或第二热塑性材料弯曲而不使第一热塑性材料和/或第二热塑性材料变形。
在一实施例中，用于手的手指的防护装置包括：第一热塑性层；和焊接到第一热塑性层的第二热塑性层，其中第二热塑性层的硬度大于第一热塑性层的硬度。
在一实施例中，制备防护手套的方法包括：将第一热塑性膜放置成与第二热塑性膜接触，其中第二热塑性层的硬度大于第一热塑性层的硬度；通过将加热的手形物体放置成与第一热塑性膜和/或第二热塑性膜接触，将第一热塑性膜热焊接到第二热塑性膜上；并且从热焊接膜上切下手套。
在一实施例中，手形物体包含切削刃，当手形物体放置成与第一热塑性膜和/或第二热塑性膜接触时，所述切削刃将手套从热焊接膜上切割下来。手形物体可以是平面物体。在制备手套的过程中，可以将手形物体加热到高于第一热塑性膜和/或第二热塑性膜的玻璃化转变温度的温度。
附图说明
对于本领域的技术人员而言，通过以下实施例的详细描述的益处以及在参考附图后，本发明的优点将变得显而易见，其中：
图1A描绘了覆盖用户手背的防刺穿和/或防切割手套；
图1B描绘了覆盖用户手掌的防刺穿和/或防切割手套；
图2A描绘了热焊接设备的示意图；并且
图2B描绘了切割和热焊接模具的示意图。
虽然本发明可易有各种修改和替代形式，但在附图中借助于实例示出并且在本文中详细地描述了其具体实施例。附图可能不按比例绘制。然而，应理解，本发明的附图和实施方式并不意欲将本发明限制于所公开的特定形式，而是相反，目的是涵盖由所附权利要求书限定的本发明的精神和范围内的所有修改、等效物和替代方案。
具体实施方式
防护装置可包括柔性并且防穿透的构型以阻止损伤用户的手和/或手指。如本文所用，术语“防护装置”是指用户手上的防护手套，或者用于手的一个或多个手指的保护性装置。如本文所用，手指(digit)可以是手指(finger)或拇指。防护装置可以阻止由针、刀或其它尖锐仪器造成的刺穿或伤口。举例来说，在使用机械工程设计的注射器期间，在插入之前和撤回之后存在时间窗口，在此期间针尖暴露。在这一时间期间，防护装置可以在缩回、分离或稳定针尖的同时阻止医疗从业者受到对惯用或非惯用手的手指或拇指的伤害。
在一实施例中，用于手的防护手套包括：第一热塑性层；和热焊接到第一热塑性层的第二热塑性层，其中第二热塑性层的厚度大于第一热塑性层的厚度。在另一个实施例中，用于手的手指的防护装置包括：第一热塑性层；和热焊接到第一热塑性层的第二热塑性层，其中第二热塑性层的厚度大于第一热塑性层的厚度。
在一实施例中，用于手的防护手套包括：第一热塑性层；和热焊接到第一热塑性层的第二热塑性层，其中第二热塑性层的硬度大于第一热塑性层的硬度。在另一个实施例中，用于手的手指的防护装置包括：第一热塑性层；和热焊接到第一热塑性层的第二热塑性层，其中第二热塑性层的硬度大于第一热塑性层的硬度。
在一实施例中，第一热塑性层在使用期间覆盖用户的手掌，并且第二热塑性层覆盖用户的手背。第二热塑性层为用户的手背提供防穿透和防刺穿材料。在这类实施例中，第二热塑性层还可以为用户的手指背部提供保护。如本文所用，相对于手指的背侧是指手指与手掌相对的部分。如本文所用，相对于手指的腹侧是指当形成拳头时手指与手掌相邻的部分。
在一替代实施例中，第二热塑性层在使用期间覆盖用户的手掌，并且第一热塑性层覆盖用户的手背。第二热塑性层为用户的手掌提供防穿透和防刺穿材料。在这类实施例中，第二热塑性层还可以为用户手指的腹部提供保护。
通过第二热塑性层相对于第一热塑性层的厚度增加来获得第二热塑性层的保护特性。在一些实施例中，第二热塑性层的厚度为第一热塑性层的厚度的约两倍。在一实施例中，第一热塑性层的厚度大约在约0.02mm到约1.0mm之间，并且其中第二热塑性层的厚度在约0.1mm到约1.0mm之间。在优选的实施例中，第一热塑性层的厚度大约在约0.1mm到约0.5mm之间，并且其中第二热塑性层的厚度在约0.25mm到约0.75mm之间。
或者，第一和第二热塑性层可以通过硬度测量来表征。在一个实施例中，第一热塑性层的硬度为约20A到约100A，并且第二热塑性层的硬度为约70A到约100A或约20D到约50D。
第一热塑性层和第二热塑性层可以由相同的热塑性材料或不同的热塑性材料形成。在一个实施例中，第一热塑性层和/或第二热塑性层由聚乙烯聚合物制成。可用于形成手的防护装置的例示性聚乙烯包括但不限于：密度在0.926-0.940g/cm3范围内的中密度聚乙烯(MDPE)；密度在0.915-0.925g/cm3范围内的线密度低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)；密度在0.910-0.940g/cm3范围内的低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)；密度在0.880-0.915g/cm3范围内的极低密度聚乙烯(VLDPE)；密度在0.93-0.97g/cm3范围内的高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)。在另一个实施例中，第一热塑性层和/或第二热塑性层由聚氨酯聚合物制成。在一些实施例中，第一热塑性层可以由聚乙烯聚合物形成，并且第二热塑性层可以由聚氨酯聚合物形成。
已经发现具有双层手套，其中第二热塑性层的厚度和/或硬度大于第一热塑性层，提高了手套的防切割性。然而，这类手套不一定具有提高的防刺穿性。进一步的研究表明，材料的密度和/或比强度可以提高防刺穿性。举例来说，使用密度大于约1.0g/cm3的聚合物提高第二热塑性层的防刺穿性。举例来说，当用作第二热塑性层的材料时，聚氨酯和聚氯乙烯显示出显著的防刺穿性。密度低于1.0g/cm3的聚乙烯虽然显示出显著的防切割性，但显示出非常小的防刺穿性。
在一些实施例中，用于形成防护装置的材料耐受体液。本文中所用的体液是指由人产生的流体，包括但不限于血清、粪便、粘液、唾液、汗液、泪液、尿液和呕吐物。
用于形成手套的热塑性材料的弹性特性可允许手、手指和拇指弯曲或弯折。在一些实施例中，一个或多个折叠可以在防护装置的一部分中形成以便于在手、手指或拇指弯曲或弯折时使防护装置弯曲。当手指弯曲或弯折时，折叠可允许防护装置在圆周范围内符合手、手指或拇指的解剖形状。第一热塑性材料和/或第二热塑性材料可包括一个或多个折叠，所述折叠使第一热塑性材料和/或第二热塑性材料更容易弯曲。折叠可以横向(即，横跨手指或手背的宽度)或纵向(即，沿着手指的纵向轴线)定位。横向折叠也可用于增加防护装置的柔性。折叠可以位于防护装置的腹侧或背侧。
防护装置的防护部分的颜色可以与组织和/或流体(例如，血液)的颜色不同以增强防护装置的视野。在一实施例中，防护装置可以制成几种尺寸，每种尺寸由特定颜色区分。这类颜色编码可以允许防护装置尺寸之间的快速视觉区分。在其它实施例中，防护装置的防护材料可以染成与防护装置的保护性或保持性较差的材料不同的颜色。举例来说，防护装置的防护部分可以是红色、橙色、黄色、绿色或蓝色，而防护装置的较少防护部分可以是未着色的或皮肤着色的。防护装置的一部分可以由透明或半透明材料制成。或者，防护装置的防护部分可以涂上或涂上与防护装置的其它部分不同的颜色。防穿透部分与防护装置的防穿透性较低的部分之间的颜色差异可以使医疗从业者在医疗手术期间保持对防护装置的防护部分的位置的认识。防护装置的防护部分可以是与用户的皮肤和/或防护装置的较少保护截面形成对比的任何颜色。
在一实施例中，防护装置由FDA或USDA批准的塑料和/或颜色制成，使得防护装置可以安全地用于食品制备，包括砍碎、切片、切割、磨碎、切块、削皮、修剪或切碎食品，所述食品包括但不限于肉类、蔬菜、草药和水果。在一实施例中，防护装置的表面可以用作引导件(例如，作为引导平面，使刀或其它仪器沿着表面平滑地滑动，同时保护手指免受切割)。如本文所述，防护装置也可用于其它可能意外刺穿和/或切割工作者手的商业领域。在一些实施例中，防护装置可以由生物相容性材料制成以用于外科和其它医疗手术。
可以将第二热塑性材料的防刺穿/防切割性与乳胶手套或双层乳胶手套的防刺穿/防切割性进行比较。乳胶手套和/或双层乳胶手套的防刺穿/防切割性可以是比较保护性的标准。第二热塑性材料对27号针穿透/刺穿的抵抗性可能比双层乳胶手套的防穿透性大四倍以上，每个手套的厚度在约0.05毫米与0.2毫米之间。第二热塑性材料对20号针刺穿的防穿透性可能比双层乳胶手套的防穿透性大八倍以上，每层手套的厚度在约0.05毫米与0.2毫米之间。在其它实施例中，第二热塑性材料对20号针穿透/刺穿的防穿透性可能比双层乳胶手套的防穿透性大五十一倍以上，每个手套的厚度在约0.05毫米与0.2毫米之间。
参考附图，并且特别是图1A和1B，用于手的防护手套用附图标记100表示。防护手套100包括第一热塑性层110和焊接到第一热塑性层的第二热塑性层120。第二热塑性层120的厚度大于第一热塑性层110的厚度。第二热塑性层120阻止用户手上的刺穿或割伤。图中所用的不同颜色旨在描绘手套的手掌侧上的材料(图1B)具有与手套的手背侧上的材料(图1A)不同的特性。手套的前侧和背侧可以由具有基本上相同颜色的材料或具有不同颜色的材料构成。使用具有与第二热塑性层不同颜色的第一热塑性层可以帮助用户识别防刺穿/切割侧。
在一些实施例中，第一热塑性层110覆盖用户的手掌，并且第二热塑性层覆盖用户的手背。这种组合在使用期间为用户的手背和手指背提供保护。在一替代实施例中，第一热塑性层110覆盖用户的手背，并且第二热塑性层覆盖用户的手掌。这一替代实施例在使用期间为用户的手掌提供保护。
医疗从业者可以是但不限于医生、医师助理、护士、牙医、牙科助理、口腔外科医生、正牙医生或口腔卫生师。医疗手术可包括但不限于侵入性医疗操作、外科复位、牙科清洁或手术、正畸手术、将针插入患者以注射或抽取流体、对组织或流体样品(包括涉及血源性病原体和血清转化的情况)进行实验室测试以及清洁或处置用过的仪器或针。
防护手套和手指防护装置可用于阻止皮肤被线、刀和其它尖锐或钝的仪器或物体切割或刺穿，从而为包括但不限于珠宝商、电工和木匠的工作者提供手指/拇指保护。防护手套(和手指防护装置)也可用于食品制备、电子装置维修以及机械和工程应用，例如空间和航空工程应用。在一些实施例中，防护手套和手指防护装置可用于在涉及保持在手指上的切口的情况下提供急救。
形成第二热塑性层的材料可以染成或涂上与形成第一热塑性层的材料不同的颜色。在一些实施例中，第二热塑性层的颜色可以是鲜艳的颜色，其使得与第一热塑性层的颜色形成鲜明对比。第二热塑性层的颜色可以选自但不限于FDA批准的红色、橙色、黄色、绿色或蓝色。第一热塑性层的颜色可以是用于形成部分的材料的天然颜色或者提供与第二热塑性层的颜色明显对比和/或与用户皮肤的颜色的明显对比的任何颜色。第二热塑性层和第一热塑性层的颜色提供对比，其使用户(例如医疗从业者)在使用防护手套或防护装置时区分这两个部分。
在一些实施例中，可以使用热焊接方法形成防护装置。图2A中描绘了热焊接设备200的示意图。如前所述，防护手套和手指防护装置可以由热焊接到第二热塑性层的第一热塑性层形成。如图2A所描绘的输送机系统可用于快速生产防护装置。可以从第一供应卷盘210供应由第一热塑性材料构成的膜。可以从第二供应卷盘215供应由第二热塑性材料构成的膜。第二热塑性膜的厚度大于第一热塑性膜的厚度。
通过组合轮220和热焊接系统230将第一热塑性膜和第二热塑性膜通过热焊接设备运载。组合轮220由基本上圆柱形的轮形成，其迫使第一热塑性层和第二热塑性层彼此接触。将所得组合膜转移到热焊接系统230。
然后，组合膜通过焊接系统230，其包括一个或多个切割和热焊接模具235。图2B中描绘了切割和热焊接模具235的放大图。切割和热焊接模具235包括呈形成的防护装置的轮廓的模具236(例如，手套)和主体238。模具236和主体238由可以在第一热塑性层和/或第二热塑性层的玻璃化转变温度以上加热的材料(例如，例如钢或铝的金属)形成。模具236可包括能够切割组合膜的尖锐边缘。在生产期间，加热模具236在防护装置的外边界处将第一热塑性膜焊接到第二热塑性膜上。所生产的防护装置可以收集在收集箱240中。
应理解，虽然描绘为用于形成防护手套，但是热焊接设备200可用于制备手指防护装置。在热焊接设备的变化中，由第一热塑性层和第二热塑性层形成的组合膜可以单独生产并且直接从供应卷盘提供给焊接系统230。
可以使用其它方法来生产手套。这类方法包括射频焊接、声波焊接和任何其它类型的聚合焊接。
实例
测试三种材料的防切割性和防刺穿性。测试的材料包括样品1-90A聚乙烯，0.5mm；样品2-90A，聚乙烯，0.25 mm；样品3-70A聚乙烯，0.125 mm。样品1和2代表手套的第二热塑性层，而样品3代表手套的第一热塑性层。表1中显示的是测试结果。
对于EN 388防刺穿性测试，0级对应于在小于20 N下发生的刺穿。对于ANSI防刺穿性测试，0级对应于小于2 N的防刺穿性。对于防切割性测试，A1级≥200 g，A2级≥500 g。因此，样品1和2相对于基层(样品3)提供了显著的改进。
在这一专利中，某些美国专利、美国专利申请案和/或其它材料(例如，制品)已通过引用并入。然而，这些美国专利、美国专利申请案和其它材料的文本仅在这类文本与本文所阐述的其它陈述和附图之间不存在冲突的范围内通过引用并入。在发生这类冲突的情况下，通过引用并入美国专利、美国专利申请案和其它材料的任何这类冲突文本在本专利中没有明确地通过引用并入。
鉴于本说明书，本发明各方面的进一步修改和替代实施例对于本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的。因此，本说明书应理解为仅为说明性的并且出于教示本领域技术人员执行本发明的通用方式的目的。元件和材料可以取代本文所示和所述的那些，部件和方法可以交换，并且本发明的某些特征可以独立使用，所有对于在具有本发明的本说明书的益处之后的本领域技术人员将为显而易见的。在不背离以下权利要求中描述的本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可以对本文所描述的元件进行改变。

Claims (33)

1.一种用于手的防护手套，其包含：
第一热塑性层；和
焊接到所述第一热塑性层的第二热塑性层，其中所述第二热塑性层的厚度大于所述第一热塑性层的厚度；并且其中所述第一热塑性层焊接到所述第二热塑性层上以形成用于手的手套，
其中在所述第一热塑性层与所述第二热塑性层之间存在开口，其允许用户将他们的手放入所述手套中，以使得所述用户的手在所述第一热塑性层与所述第二热塑性层之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防护手套，其中所述第一热塑性层在使用期间覆盖用户的手掌，并且其中所述第二热塑性层覆盖所述用户的手背。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防护手套，其中所述第一热塑性层在使用期间覆盖用户的手背，并且其中所述第二热塑性层覆盖所述用户的手掌。
4.根据权利要求1到3中任一项所述的防护手套，其中所述第二热塑性层的厚度为所述第一热塑性层的厚度的约两倍。
5.根据权利要求1到4中任一项所述的防护手套，其中所述第一热塑性层的厚度大约在约0.02mm到约1.0mm之间，并且其中所述第二热塑性层的厚度在约0.1mm到约1.0mm之间。
6.根据权利要求1到5中任一项所述的防护手套，其中所述第一热塑性层的厚度大约在约0.1mm到约0.5mm之间，并且其中所述第二热塑性层的厚度在约0.25mm到约0.75mm之间。
7.根据权利要求1到6中任一项所述的防护手套，其中所述第一热塑性层的硬度为约20A到约100A，并且其中所述第二热塑性层的硬度为约70A到约100A。
8.根据权利要求1到7中任一项所述的防护手套，其中所述第二热塑性层的密度大于约1.0g/cm3。
9.根据权利要求1到8中任一项所述的防护手套，其中所述第二热塑性层由热焊接在一起的两个或更多个膜构成。
10.根据权利要求1到9中任一项所述的防护手套，其中所述第一热塑性层和/或所述第二热塑性层包含聚乙烯。
11.根据权利要求1到9中任一项所述的防护手套，其中所述第一热塑性层和/或所述第二热塑性层包含聚氨酯。
12.根据权利要求1到11中任一项所述的防护手套，其中第一热塑性材料和/或第二热塑性材料包含一个或多个折叠，所述折叠使所述第一热塑性材料和/或所述第二热塑性材料弯曲而不使所述第一热塑性材料和/或所述第二热塑性材料变形。
13.根据权利要求1到12中任一项所述的防护手套，其中所述第一热塑性材料和/或所述第二热塑性材料耐受体液。
14.一种用于手的手指的防护装置，其包含：
第一热塑性层；和
焊接到所述第一热塑性层的第二热塑性层，其中所述第二热塑性层的厚度大于所述第一热塑性层的厚度；其中所述第一热塑性层焊接到所述第二热塑性层上以形成用于手的手指的防护装置，
其中在所述第一热塑性层与所述第二热塑性层之间存在开口，其允许用户将手指放入所述防护装置中，以使得所述用户的手指在所述第一热塑性层与所述第二热塑性层之间。
15.一种制备防护手套的方法，其包含：
将第一热塑性膜放置成与第二热塑性膜接触，其中所述第二热塑性层的厚度大于所述第一热塑性层的厚度；
通过将加热后的手形物体放置成与所述第一热塑性膜和/或所述第二热塑性膜接触，将所述第一热塑性膜热焊接到所述第二热塑性膜上；并且
将所述手套与所述热焊接膜分开。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中所述手形物体包含切削刃，当将所述手形物体放置成与所述第一热塑性膜和/或所述第二热塑性膜接触时，所述切削刃将所述手套从所述热焊接膜上切割下来。
17.根据权利要求15或16所述的方法，其中所述手形物体是平面物体。
18.根据权利要求15到17中任一项所述的方法，其中将所述手形物体加热到高于所述第一热塑性膜和/或所述第二热塑性膜的玻璃化转变温度的温度。
19.一种用于手的防护手套，其包含：
第一热塑性层；和
焊接到所述第一热塑性层的第二热塑性层，其中所述第二热塑性层的硬度大于所述第一热塑性层的硬度；并且其中所述第一热塑性层焊接到所述第二热塑性层上以形成用于手的手套，
其中在所述第一热塑性层与所述第二热塑性层之间存在开口，其允许用户将他们的手放入所述手套中，以使得所述用户的手在所述第一热塑性层与所述第二热塑性层之间。
20.根据权利要求19所述的防护手套，其中所述第一热塑性层在使用期间覆盖用户的手掌，并且其中所述第二热塑性层覆盖所述用户的手背。
21.根据权利要求19所述的防护手套，其中所述第一热塑性层在使用期间覆盖用户的手背，并且其中所述第二热塑性层覆盖所述用户的手掌。
22.根据权利要求19到21中任一项所述的防护手套，其中所述第一热塑性层的硬度为约20A到约100A，并且其中所述第二热塑性层的硬度为约70A到约100A。
23.根据权利要求19到22中任一项所述的防护手套，其中所述第二热塑性层的密度大于约1.0g/cm3。
24.根据权利要求19到23中任一项所述的防护手套，其中所述第二热塑性层由热焊接在一起的两个或更多个膜构成。
25.根据权利要求19到24中任一项所述的防护手套，其中所述第一热塑性层和/或所述第二热塑性层包含聚乙烯。
26.根据权利要求19到24中任一项所述的防护手套，其中所述第一热塑性层和/或所述第二热塑性层包含聚氨酯。
27.根据权利要求19到26中任一项所述的防护手套，其中第一热塑性材料和/或第二热塑性材料包含一个或多个折叠，所述折叠使所述第一热塑性材料和/或所述第二热塑性材料弯曲而不使所述第一热塑性材料和/或所述第二热塑性材料变形。
28.根据权利要求19到27中任一项所述的防护手套，其中所述第一热塑性材料和/或所述第二热塑性材料耐受体液。
29.一种用于手的手指的防护装置，其包含：
第一热塑性层；和
焊接到所述第一热塑性层的第二热塑性层，其中所述第二热塑性层的硬度大于所述第一热塑性层的硬度；其中所述第一热塑性层焊接到所述第二热塑性层上以形成用于手的手指的防护装置，
其中在所述第一热塑性层与所述第二热塑性层之间存在开口，其允许用户将手指放入所述防护装置中，以使得所述用户的手指在所述第一热塑性层与所述第二热塑性层之间。
30.一种制备防护手套的方法，其包含：
将第一热塑性膜放置成与第二热塑性膜接触，其中所述第二热塑性层的硬度大于所述第一热塑性层的硬度；
通过将加热后的手形物体放置成与所述第一热塑性膜和/或所述第二热塑性膜接触，将所述第一热塑性膜热焊接到所述第二热塑性膜上；并且
将所述手套与所述热焊接膜分开。
31.根据权利要求30所述的方法，其中所述手形物体包含切削刃，当所述手形物体放置成与所述第一热塑性膜和/或所述第二热塑性膜接触时，所述切削刃将所述手套从所述热焊接膜上切割下来。
32.根据权利要求30或31所述的方法，其中所述手形物体是平面物体。
33.根据权利要求30到32中任一项所述的方法，其中将所述手形物体加热到高于所述第一热塑性膜和/或所述第二热塑性膜的玻璃化转变温度的温度。
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US20190183193A1 (en) 2019-06-20
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WO2018049297A1 (en) 2018-03-15
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