CN109777815A - HMG-CoA合成酶基因RKHMGCS及其应用 - Google Patents
HMG-CoA合成酶基因RKHMGCS及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109777815A CN109777815A CN201910240926.0A CN201910240926A CN109777815A CN 109777815 A CN109777815 A CN 109777815A CN 201910240926 A CN201910240926 A CN 201910240926A CN 109777815 A CN109777815 A CN 109777815A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种HMG‑CoA合成酶基因RKHMGCS，其核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示，该基因编码的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示；该基因是红冬胞酵母（Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae）YM25235中类胡萝卜素合成的关键酶基因，具有HMG‑CoA合成酶的功能，能够调控红冬孢酵母YM25235产类胡萝卜素；通过基因工程手段对微生物进行改造，来提高微生物体内类胡萝卜素的产量，为大规模商业化生产类胡萝卜素奠定基础。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域和遗传工程领域，涉及一种HMG-CoA合成酶基因RKHMGCS，具体涉及从酵母--红冬孢酵母（Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae）YM25235中克隆的HMG-CoA合成酶基因RKHMGCS以及将该基因直接与不同载体连接，转入酵母细胞，来提高这个基因的表达水平并最终促进类胡萝卜素的合成。
背景技术
类胡萝卜素（carotenoids）是一类广泛存在于自然界的有色物质，一般呈现黄色、橙红色或者红色；自然界中类胡萝卜素的种类繁多，目前已经发现且明确结构的类胡萝卜素有600多种；大部分己知的类胡萝卜素由8个类异戊二烯组成；大多数是碳原子数为40的四萜，但也有碳原子数少于40的类萝卜素，比如β-脱辅基-胡萝卜醛。
类胡萝卜素是胡萝卜素(carotene)和叶黄素(xanthophyll)两大类色素的总称；根据其化学结构的不同，胡萝卜素是由中间的类异戊烯和两端的环状和非环状结构组成的一类碳氢化合物；叶黄素是一类氧化了的胡萝卜素，分子中含有一个或多个氧原子，形成羟基、羰基、甲氧基、环氧化物。因此，类胡萝卜素的吸光性较强，通常在波长为430~570nm之间有吸收峰，其中少数呈现游离态形式，大多数类胡萝卜素与糖相结合，但在动物体内常与蛋白质相结合，形成类胡萝卜素蛋白。目前基本都采用反相高效液相色谱法，并配合紫外可见光检测器、质谱或核磁共振或二极管阵列检测器，对样品中的类胡萝卜素进行定性定量分析。
医学研究表明，类胡萝卜素具有抗氧化、抗癌等多种生物学功能，在人体含有类胡萝卜素主要为番茄红素、α–胡萝卜素、β–胡萝卜素、叶黄素等。许多类胡萝卜素具有维生素A原活性，其中以 β-胡萝卜素维生素A原活性最高，而番茄红素和叶黄素等则不具有维生素A原活性，称为非维生素A原类胡萝卜素。几乎所有的类胡卜素都具有抗氧化功能，大量体外试验、动物模型和人体试验证明类胡萝卜素可以提高人体免疫力，减少诸如癌症、心血管疾病、视网膜黄斑变性和白内障等退行性疾病的风险，还可防止光老化和皮肤晒伤。目前类胡萝卜素已被FAO和WHO等国际组织定为A类营养色素，并在50多个国家获准为营养、色素双重功用的食品添加剂，被广泛应用于保健食品及医药和化妆品工业。目前生产类胡萝卜素可采用提取法、化学合成法和微生物发酵法，而微生物发酵生产类胡萝卜素具有生物活性高、生产过程易于处理，产品安全而且环保和生产周期短等优点。尽管已经有很多策略用来促进微生物中类胡萝卜素的合成，但是目前由于成本效益、产量和分离提取等方面的限制，通过传统微生物发酵技术啦生产各种不同类胡萝卜素在工业化规模发酵生产方面仍缺乏相应的策略。因此我们希望可以从生物工程方面，利用基因技术、物种发现、杂交培育等技术，得到高含量的原料，从而缓解目前天然类胡萝卜素的生产发展局限。近年来，结合经典遗传学和现代分子生物学方法来优化菌株原有的代谢途径和调节网络或者组装异源代谢途径使微生物高效益、低成本生产类胡萝卜素的代谢工程提供了一种有希望的替代途径。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种HMG-CoA合成酶（3-甲基-3-甲基戊二酸甲酰CoA合成酶）基因RKHMGCS，该基因是从红冬孢酵母（Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae）YM25235中分离得到，该基因核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示或该核苷酸序列的片段，或与SEQ ID NO:1互补的核苷酸序列，该基因序列长为1449bp（碱基），该基因编码的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示的多肽或其片段。
本发明另一目的是提供一种HMG-CoA合成酶基因RKHMGCS的重组表达载体，是将SEQ ID NO:1所示基因直接与不同表达载体（质粒、病毒或运载体）连接所构建的重组载体。可用本领域的技术人员熟知的方法来构建HMG-CoA合成酶基因RKHMGCS的核苷酸序列和合适的转录/翻译调控元件的表达载体；这些方法包括体外重组DNA技术、DNA合成技术、体内重组技术等；所述HMG-CoA合成酶基因RKHMGCS的核苷酸序列可有效连接到表达载体的恰当启动子上，以指导mRNA合成。这些启动子的代表性例子有：大肠杆菌的lac或trp启动子；λ噬菌体的PL启动子；真核启动子包括CMV早期启动子、HSV胸苷激酶启动子、早期和晚期SV40启动子、反转录病毒的LTRs和其它一些已知的可控制基因在原核细胞或真核细胞或其病毒中表达的启动子；表达载体还包括翻译起始用的核糖体结合位点和转录终止子等；在载体中插入增强子序列将会使其在高等真核细胞中的转录得到增强；增强子是DNA表达的顺式作用因子，通常大约有10-300bp，作用于启动子以增强基因的转录，如腺病毒增强子。
本发明另一目的是提供一种含有HMG-CoA合成酶基因RKHMGCS或上述重组表达载体的宿主细胞。
用本发明所述的核苷酸序列或含有核苷酸序列的重组载体优化宿主细胞可用本领域的技术人员熟知的方法进行。当宿主为原核生物如大肠杆菌时，能吸收DNA的感受态细胞可在指数生长期收集菌体，用CaCl2、电穿孔等方法进行；当宿主是真核生物，可选用DNA转染法、显微注射、电穿孔、脂质体包装等方法。
本发明的DNA片段序列也能用下列方法获得：（1）从基因组DNA分离双链DNA序列；（2）化学合成DNA序列以获得所述多肽的双链DNA。
本发明另一目的是将上述HMG-CoA合成酶基因RKHMGCS应用在产类胡萝卜素中。
本发明从红冬孢酵母（Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae）YM25235的总RNA基因中分离得到HMG-CoA合成酶基因RKHMGCS，该基因全长1449bp；红冬孢酵母YM25235中RKHMGCS基因的过表达会引起细胞内这个基因的转录水平在一定程度上有一定的提高，说明外源基因在菌体内发生转录，继而翻译成相应蛋白，引起细胞内与类胡箩卜素合成相关的酶的表达量的提高；本研究结果有助于阐明红冬孢酵母YM25235中产类胡萝卜素机制，为揭示微生物提高类胡萝卜素产量机制提供参考，将有助于通过基因工程手段对其进行改造来提高类胡萝卜素含量，对类胡萝卜素的工业化生产提供良好的应用前景和经济效益，为大规模商业化生产类胡萝卜素奠定基础。
附图说明
图1为本发明的红冬孢酵母YM25235的RKHMGCS基因PCR扩增图；
图2为重组质粒pRHRKHMGCS的质粒图谱；
图3为重组质粒pRHRKHMGCS限制性酶切分析；其中：1、DNA 分子量标记DL10000 2、空质粒pRH2034的NcoⅠ、EcoRⅤ双酶切；3、重组质粒pRHRKHMGCS的NcoⅠ、EcoRⅤ双酶切；4、RKHMGCS基因的PCR 产物；5、DNA 分子量标记DL2000；
图4 重组质粒pRHRKHMGCS转化红冬孢酵母YM25235阳性克隆验证；1.DNA分子量标记DL5000；2.野生型菌株特异性基因条带；3.重组菌株特异性基因条带；4.特异性基因的cDNA条带；5. DNA分子量标记DL2000；
图5为过表达菌株YM25235/pRHRKHMGCS与对照菌株YM25235/pRH2034的总类胡萝卜素含量。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明，但本发明保护范围不局限于所述内容，实施例中使用的试剂和方法，如无特殊说明，均采用常规试剂和使用常规方法。
实施例1：从红冬孢酵母（Rhodosporidium kratochvilovae）YM25235中分离类胡萝卜素合成关键酶RKHMGCS的核苷酸序列
采用生工生物工程（上海）股份有限公司的UNlQ-10 柱式Trizol总RNA抽提试剂盒（产品编号: SK1321）提红冬孢酵母YM25235的总RNA ，然后按照TaKaRa公司试剂盒PrimeScript ®RT reagent Kit With gDNA Eraser(Perfect Real Time)进行反转录合成cDNA ，取0.5μL为模板进行聚合成酶链式反应，根据转录组测序中发现的RKHMGCS序列，设计特异性引物RKHMGCS-F和RKHMGCS-R（引物1和引物2），以上述得到的cDNA模板在PCR仪（BIOER公司）上进行PCR扩增，反应所用引物、组份和扩增条件如下：
引物1：RKHMGCS-F：5`-TCACCATGGCGTCGCGCTTCC -3`（SEQ ID NO:3）
引物2：RKHMGCS-R：5`-CTTGATATCTTATGCGATCTGCTGCG -3`（SEQ ID NO:4）
（CCATGG为Nco I酶切位点，GATATC为EcoRV酶切位点）；
PCR扩增体系如下（50 μL）：
；
扩增条件：94℃预变性5 min，再用94℃变性30 s，56℃退火30 s，72℃延伸90 s进行30个循环，最后72℃彻底延伸10 min，反应完后取产物2μL，然后在浓度为1%的琼脂糖凝胶中进行电泳分析，结果如图1所示，扩增得到大小约1449bp的片段，用琼脂糖凝胶DNA回收试剂盒（北京索莱宝科技有限公司）回收，把回收片段连接至到pMD-18T（TaKaRa公司产品）中，连接产物转化到用CaCl2法处理的大肠杆菌DH5α中，在含氨苄青霉素（100 µg/mL）的LB固体平板上过夜培养，挑取平板上生长的白色菌落，通过菌落PCR验证阳性克隆；将验证阳性的克隆子接入LB液体培养基（含100µg/mL氨苄青霉素）中过夜培养，用高纯质粒小量制备试剂盒（离心柱型）（北京百泰克生物技术有限公司）提取质粒，经测序（昆明硕擎生物科技有限公司），测序结果显示所扩增得到的片段大小为1449bp，命名为RKHMGCS，序列组成如SEQ IDNO:1所示的核苷酸序列。
实施例2：HMG-CoA合成酶基因RKHMGCS过表达载体pRHRKHMGCS的构建
以反转录的YM25235 cDNA 为模板，用RKHMGCS-F和RKHMGCS-R作为引物扩增RKHMGCS的编码序列，获得的RKHMGCS片段大小约1449bp，将扩增获得的RKHMGCS片段经NcoⅠ、EcoRⅤ两个限制性内切酶进行酶切后，连接到表达载体pRH2034上获得重组质粒pRHRKHMGCS（图2）。将获得的重组质粒转入大肠杆菌DH5α中扩增，再经菌落 PCR验证后提取重组质粒，并用NcoⅠ、EcoRⅤ对pRHRKHMGCS进行双酶切验证；结果表明，重组质粒pRHRKHMGCS经双酶切后产生了1.5kb和10.0 kb左右的两个条带（图3第3泳道），这两个条带分别与RKHMGCS片段和pRH2034载体经双酶切后的片段大小一致，初步表明重组质粒pRHRKHMGCS构建成功；用测序引物进行测序，将酶切验证正确的质粒送出测序进一步进行验证；测序结果表明，测序所获得的序列与目的序列完全一致，没有出现任何碱基突变和缺失等。
实施例3：RKHMGCS基因过表达对红冬孢酵母YM25235中类胡萝卜素合成的影响
1、农杆菌介导转化红冬孢酵母YM25235
利用农杆菌介导法将重组质粒pRHRKHMGCS转化至红冬孢酵母YM25235中，以含潮霉素B（HygromycinB）终浓度为150µg/mL的YPD培养基筛选转化子，然后按照上海生工生物工程股份有限公司DNA 提取试剂盒说明书中步骤提取酵母转化子的基因组DNA，后进行PCR验证，结果见图4。
2、RKHMGCS基因过表达的红冬孢酵母YM25235中类胡萝卜素含量分析
将含pRHRKHMGCS的过表达菌株在15℃条件下培养，提取类胡萝卜素，并测定其中β-胡萝卜素的含量，以转入空质粒pRH2034的红冬孢酵母菌株为对照，利用紫外-可见分光光度计在445nm下测定总类胡萝卜素的含量（mg/g干菌体），含量如图5所示；由图可知，过表达菌株YM25235/pRHRKHMGCS的总类胡萝卜素合成量比含空质粒pRH2034的对照菌株有明显提高，含空质粒pRH2034的对照菌株的类胡萝卜素合成量为4.280mg/g，而过表达菌株YM25235/pRHRKHMGCS类胡萝卜素合成量为5.882mg/g，即过表达菌株YM25235/pRHRKHMGCS类胡萝卜素合成量是对照菌的1.37倍；结果显示RKHMGCS基因能够促进总类胡萝卜素的合成，即RKHMGCS核酸序列确实与红冬孢酵母中类胡萝卜素合成有关。
序列表
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<120> HMG-CoA合成酶基因RKHMGCS及其应用
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Claims (2)
1.一种HMG-CoA合成酶基因RKHMGCS，其核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO：1所示，该基因编码的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO：2所示。
2.权利要求1所述的HMG-CoA合成酶基因RKHMGCS在产类胡萝卜素中的应用。
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