CN109736811A - A kind of vertical shaft machinery tunneling construction method - Google Patents
A kind of vertical shaft machinery tunneling construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109736811A CN109736811A CN201811485593.XA CN201811485593A CN109736811A CN 109736811 A CN109736811 A CN 109736811A CN 201811485593 A CN201811485593 A CN 201811485593A CN 109736811 A CN109736811 A CN 109736811A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to vertical shaft machinery driving technology field, a kind of disclosed vertical shaft machinery tunneling construction method, is preparation of construction, it is pre- to dig working pit, caisson cutting edge ring and vertical shaft fore shaft make, and ancillary equipment installation, initial promoted lifts with development machine, open caisson wall lubricant slip casting, digging excavation is slagged tap, and well sinking and connects height, bottom sealing drains, and lubricant is replaced after open caisson wall；The present invention is able to ascend underground major diameter Construction of Silo safety, improves construction efficiency and mechanization degree.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vertical shaft machinery driving technology field more particularly to a kind of vertical shaft machinery tunneling construction methods.
Background technique
In recent years, as the land resource in city is in short supply and Planning Principles upgrade, urban underground space field is developed very
Rapidly.In urban underground space engineering, the development of the horizontal directions construction equipment such as shield, TBM is more mature, but in underground parking
In the undergrounds upright project constructions such as library, launching shaft, deep tunnel vertical shaft, almost still using the traditional construction side of artificial underground excavation
Formula, production method is extensive, and working efficiency is low, and the security risk of construction personnel is very big.Urgently research and develop a kind of completely new vertical shaft machine
Tool construction method, realize underground shaft construction in dig a well do not go into the well, quick purpose of constructing.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the invention proposes a kind of vertical shaft machinery tunneling construction methods.It is able to ascend ground
Lower major diameter Construction of Silo safety, improves construction efficiency and mechanization degree.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of vertical shaft machinery tunneling construction method, its step are as follows:
(1) preparation of construction, analysis project geology and hydrological geological conditions work out tunneling construction scheme and measure；
(2) working pit is dug in advance, using high-front shovel, excavates working pit, one side conduct along well head fore shaft outer boundary on ground
The production working face of caisson cutting edge ring and vertical shaft fore shaft, on the other hand for reducing well sinking depth；
(3) caisson cutting edge ring and vertical shaft fore shaft make,
A. caisson cutting edge ring is reinforced concrete structure, 3 fixed chutes is provided on caisson cutting edge ring inner wall, as driving
The guiding of rack slide downward；Sliding slot is welded on caisson cutting edge ring inner wall, and inner wall needs pre-embedded steel slab；
The production method that caisson cutting edge ring uses poured in place concrete, has lifting steel stranded wire penetrating adapter in blade foot ring internal reservation
Duct, the position that duct connects with open caisson outer wall are made into arc-shaped, for guaranteeing the linear transition of lifting steel strand wires, are unlikely to produce
Raw excessive stress is concentrated；
And lifting steel strand anchoring end groove is reserved on caisson cutting edge inclined-plane, the outer wall of open caisson is provided with step, and step is wide
Degree is preferably 10 ~ 20cm as the storage of lubricant after open caisson wall and starches step；The highly preferred of step is 2 ~ 3m, for increasing lubrication
The percolation path of agent prevents mud inside lubricant and open caisson from penetrating through；
Storage slurry step reduces height in lifting steel strand wires duct position, for guaranteeing that lifting steel strand wires can be worn from open caisson outside wall surface
Out；
Lubricant injected hole and plasma discharge hole are provided on caisson cutting edge ring, it is two layers that injected hole and plasma discharge hole, which are preferable to provide, is pressed
Spacing is set to arrange in blossom type；
Wherein caisson cutting edge ring outer diameter is equal with the digging diameter of road heading machinery, and internal diameter is used to meet the installation of heading equipment rack
Size；
Caisson cutting edge ring is made into component matched with road heading machinery excavation size, and the thickness of the shaft wall structure above blade foot ring is made into
It is different from blade foot thickness, realize headroom variable diameters in well, reaching same heading equipment can construct the effect of different inner diameters vertical shaft
Fruit；
B. after blade foot ring completes, construction reinforced bar concrete shaft locking notch structure, vertical shaft fore shaft top leads in lifting steel strand wires
The position crossed is made into arc-shaped corner, for guaranteeing the linear transition of lifting steel strand wires, is unlikely to generate excessive stress concentration；
(4) ancillary equipment is installed, and ancillary equipment includes equipment pedestal, pipeline saddle, core-theaded type hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic wireline winch；Equipment
Pedestal is steel construction, is installed on vertical shaft fore shaft, the pedestal as core-theaded type hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic wireline winch；Core-theaded type hydraulic cylinder
With the pedestal under hydraulic wireline winch be made into the independent block of peripheral base, can be diametrically inside and outside according to different size open caissons
Translation；
Wherein the pedestal of independent block is made into the annulus arc body of setting diameter, achievees the effect that reuse；And in well head cloth
Set 6 core-theaded type hydraulic cylinders and 3 hydraulic wireline winch；
(5) initial promoted lifts with development machine
Development machine lifting, according to development machine cutterhead work characteristics, the set distance in blade foot ring bottom cuts Rock And Soil always；
Before development machine lifting, the blade foot ring that must will have been made is promoted to by core-theaded type hydraulic cylinder and digs working pit bottom away from pre-
The position of the distance of setting；Set distance takes 1. 3m--1. 9m；
After the completion of promotion, is hung and hydraulic wireline winch using ground wheel, jointly lift development machine into well internal chute；
(6) lubricant slip casting after open caisson wall, lubricant is by playing and reducing under open caisson in the groove after injected hole injection open caisson wall
Heavy resistance and the effect for maintaining soil wall stability；
(7) digging excavation drives drill boom to carry out public using sunk type shaft excavation machine by the revolution driving in driving rack
Turn, while 2 rotations driving band movable knife disc rotation on drill boom；By two rotations drive 180 ° be arranged symmetrically and cutterhead
Rotation and drill boom revolution, realize full advance；
Pressure needed for tunneling is provided by the self weight of development machine, and decompression drilling is realized by hydraulic wireline winch, is guaranteed by gravity
Tunnel the verticality of vertical shaft；
When 180 ° to 182 ° of drill boom revolution, a full advance is completed, under the gravity of cutterhead, continues pick downwards
Into；
When driving, development machine completes driving stroke along the chute；
When digging excavation, caisson cutting edge bottom under the action of transferring lift, remain 600 between driving cutterhead ~
The safe distance of 900mm；
During digging excavation, mud is full of in well always, plays the role of balancing vertical shaft hydraulic pressure, and in shaft bottom without borehole wall position
Set play the role of retaining wall prevent collapse；
(8) it slags tap, lifts hybrid well-flushing dreg removing system using the pump air-breathings for absorbing mouth more and slush pump is slagged tap；Slush pump arrangement
Onto the three arm type driving rack of development machine；
Cutterhead starts to tunnel downwards under gravity when work, the body refuse of generation and the water injected into well is tunneled, in cutterhead
Agitation under form slurry liquid；Under the action of slush pump, mud enters mud channel by slag suction mouth；Mud subsequently enters pulp
Supervisor, then by slush pump and slag releasing channel, mud is discharged in surface mud clarifier-tank；
When vertical shaft creep into it is sufficiently large to mud pressure at slag suction mouth and when can be slagged tap using gas lift method, stop mud pump operation or
Directly removed；The injecting compressed air in slag releasing channel reduces the density that pulp is responsible for interior mud, makes inside and outside pulp supervisor
Pressure difference is formed, carries out well-flushing deslagging using lift mode；The gentle mud for enumerating well is inhaled by pump, well is returned after precipitation and separation
Interior recycling；
(9) well sinking and height is connect, lifts device with the mechanical matched borehole wall of shaft sinking；It is by punching that the borehole wall, which lifts device,
Formula hydraulic cylinder, steel strand wires, steel strand wires draw drum, laser range finder, inclination sensor and control system composition；
Well sinking preparation: after caisson cutting edge ring and vertical shaft fore shaft complete, lifting steel stranded wire penetrating adapter and locking are carried out；
Steel strand wires are passed through into core-theaded type hydraulic cylinder, by, through caisson cutting edge ring reserving hole channel, locking onto sword by anchor slab after lubricant groove
In foot ring inclined plane groove；It needs to carry out pre- tensioning after the completion of steel stranded wire penetrating adapter, so that the stress of every steel strand wires is identical, elastic
Degree is consistent, guarantees stability and controllability when well sinking；Steel strand wires after the installation is completed, install laser range finder and incline
Oblique sensor；
Laser range finder is installed on by every group of core-theaded type hydraulic cylinder, for measuring the handling distance of the borehole wall；Inclination sensor installation
On the outside of the topmost borehole wall, for measuring the tilt angle when borehole wall lifts；
Then by core-theaded type hydraulic cylinder, locking as needed/release steel strand wires are completed the borehole wall and are lifted, and control under caisson wall
Heavy, after each caisson wall lifts in place, laser range finder data proofread clearing again, and inclination sensor is re-installed in most upper
Portion's caisson wall continues the measurement of tilt angle；
Steps are as follows for the caisson wall handling of one circulation:
The first step, caisson wall lift front upper and lower anchor and are in locking state, and core-theaded type oil cylinder starts to lift in retracted state,
It casts anchor and is failure to actuate in locking state, upper anchor unclamps；Second step, core-theaded type cylinder piston rod stretch out, and upper anchor is with piston rod entirety
Move up a handling stroke；Third step, upper anchor lock steel strand wires；4th step, casts anchor and unclamps steel strand wires；5th step, release of casting anchor
Steel strand wires, core-theaded type cylinder piston rod are withdrawn, and are completed this circulation caisson wall and are lifted work；When need to continue lift begin to it is new
Circulation；
The high mode that connects of open caisson uses prefabricated pipe section assembly or sliding formwork cast-in-place, it is ensured that before connecing height, has caisson structure top surface
Be above the ground level 20 ~ 30cm, prevents because nothing connects high working face at the top of open caisson cylinder；
(10) bottom sealing drains, and after tunnelling footage reaches projected depth, development machine is hung well by lifting device recycling
Then bottom is sealed in silo bottom using the method for concrete placed under water；Projected depth is 50 to 100 meters；
(11) lubricant is replaced after open caisson wall, after bottom sealing, to stablize open caisson, should restore soil in time to the intrinsic work of the borehole wall
With speed replaces the slurries in lubricant groove；
Method of replacing is before well sinking finishes, first by above-mentioned plasma discharge hole plug or installation valve, to well sinking back cover
Afterwards, plasma discharge hole is dredged, excludes slurries, then filled with cement slurry or cement-waterglass slurry.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme as described above, the present invention has the following advantages:
A kind of vertical shaft machinery tunneling construction method can guarantee underground major diameter Construction of Silo safety, improve construction efficiency and machine
Tool degree.Superiority is as follows:
(1) shaft sinking is carried out, it can be achieved that full stratum based on multi-cutter-disk autobiography+revolution envelope forming tunneling boring cutting Tunneling Principle
Tunneling construction.
(2) it is unearthed to compare over using the hybrid mud circulation deslagging of pump air-breathing act and more large-size particles row can be achieved
Slag is suitable for cobble soil site.Pump air-breathing is lifted hybrid dreg removing system and is solved since driving initial stage gas-liquid mixture pressure difference is insufficient
And can not deslagging the problem of.
(3) armored concrete tubular structure is carried out under lifting while driving using hydraulic lifting intelligence control system
It puts, completes constructing for shaft main body supporting construction, can ensure open caisson posture and lowering velocity well, be conducive to reduce construction mistake
Difference and guarantee construction safety.
(4) a kind of special caisson cutting edge structure design, is suitable for the construction method, meets road heading machinery and lifting equipment
Installation and job requirement.
(5) caisson wall lubricant automatically controls charging method, and this method makes open caisson in sinking watching according to slurries
Liquid level is automatically replenished amounts of lubrication after wall, guarantees slurries full of lubricating sleeve without artificially manually controlling mud jacking valve.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 blade foot structure chart；
Fig. 2 ancillary equipment plane of arrangement figure；
Fig. 3 automatically controls filling technique main view；
Fig. 4 floating-ball level switch organigram；
Fig. 5 floating-ball level switch and solenoid valve wiring schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 tunneling construction process main view；
Fig. 7 tunneling construction process plan view；
Fig. 8 borehole wall lifts process schematic diagram；
Fig. 9 a, Fig. 9 b, Fig. 9 c, Fig. 9 d, the working state schematic representation that Fig. 9 e is core-theaded type hydraulic cylinder.
In figure: 1, storage slurry step；2, step reserves hole slot；3, duct；4, blade foot tyre tread；5, injected hole；6, caisson cutting edge
Ring；7, sliding slot；8, groove；9, blade foot inclined-plane；10, caisson wall；11, core-theaded type hydraulic cylinder；12, core-theaded type hydraulic cylinder independence base
Seat；13-lubricant grooves；14-hydraulic wireline winch standalone basis；15-annulus arc body pedestals；16-vertical shaft fore shafts；17-steel
Plate；18-fixed disks；19-floating-ball level switch；20-terminal boxes；21-guide rods；The limit of 22-tops；23-annular magnets；
24-lubricant liquid levels；25-normally closed reed switches；26-floats；27-normally opened reed switches；28-lower limits；29-electricity
Source；30-relays；31-solenoid valves；32-hydraulic wireline winch；33-three arm types tunnel rack；34-drill booms；35-cutterheads；
36-cutters；37-revolution drivings；38-rotations driving；39-slag suction mouths；40-mud channels；41-pulps supervisor；42—
Slag releasing channel；43 slush pumps；44-dig working pit in advance；45-inclination sensors；46-laser range finders；47-upper anchors；48—
Piston rod；49-cast anchor；50-anchor slabs；51-steel strand wires；52-steel strand wires draw drums.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Fig. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, a kind of vertical shaft machinery tunneling construction method, its step are as follows:
(1) preparation of construction
Preparation of construction mainly includes going deep into provided engineering geology and hydrogeologic data progress detailed analysis understanding is designed
Meticulously make construction investigation, work out corresponding arrangement and method for construction and measure, prepare enough related equipment and material, conscientiously establishment and implementation are applied
Work organization design makes engineering reach safe, high-quality, efficient purpose.
(2) working pit is dug in advance
Utilize the mechanical working pit for excavating certain depth along well head fore shaft outer boundary on ground such as high-front shovel, one side conduct
The production working face of caisson cutting edge ring and vertical shaft fore shaft, on the other hand can reduce well sinking depth, shorten the construction period.
(3) caisson cutting edge ring and vertical shaft fore shaft make
Caisson cutting edge ring in the construction method is reinforced concrete structure, is made in above-mentioned pre- digging working pit.The construction party
3 fixed chutes are provided on caisson cutting edge ring inner wall in method, the guiding as driving rack slide downward.Sliding slot welding
Onto caisson cutting edge ring inner wall, inner wall needs pre-embedded steel slab.Caisson cutting edge ring in the construction method is mixed using cast in situs
The technique production of soil is coagulated, blade foot ring internal reservation has the duct of lifting steel stranded wire penetrating adapter, the position that duct connects with open caisson outer wall
It is made into arc-shaped, can guarantee the linear transition of lifting steel strand wires, is unlikely to generate excessive stress concentration.In the construction method
Caisson cutting edge inclined-plane on be reserved with lifting steel strand anchoring end groove.The outer wall of open caisson is provided with the step of one fixed width, excellent
Choosing is 10 ~ 20cm；Step is starched in storage as lubricant after open caisson wall；Step has certain height, preferably 2 ~ 3m；It can
The percolation path for increasing lubricant prevents mud inside lubricant and open caisson from penetrating through；Storage slurry step is in lifting steel strand wires duct position
Reduction height is set, guarantees that lifting steel strand wires can be pierced by from open caisson outside wall surface.Caisson cutting edge ring in the construction method is provided with profit
It is two layers that lubrication prescription injected hole and plasma discharge hole, injected hole and plasma discharge hole, which are preferable to provide, is arranged at a certain distance in blossom type.This is applied
Caisson cutting edge ring outer diameter in work method is equal with the digging diameter of road heading machinery, and the installation that internal diameter meets heading equipment rack is wanted
It asks.Caisson cutting edge ring in the construction method can be made into standard element matched with road heading machinery excavation size, blade foot ring top
Shaft wall structure thickness can be made into it is different from blade foot thickness, realize well in headroom variable diameters, reach same heading equipment energy
Enough effects of construction different inner diameters vertical shaft.
After blade foot ring completes, construction reinforced bar concrete shaft locking notch structure.Vertical shaft fore shaft top in the construction method
End is made into arc-shaped corner at the position that lifting steel strand wires pass through, and can guarantee the linear transition of lifting steel strand wires, be unlikely to produce
Raw excessive stress is concentrated.
(4) ancillary equipment is installed
Ancillary equipment includes equipment pedestal, pipeline saddle, core-theaded type hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic wireline winch.Equipment pedestal is steel construction, peace
Pedestal on vertical shaft fore shaft, as core-theaded type hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic wireline winch.Under core-theaded type hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic wireline winch
Pedestal be made into the independent block of peripheral base, can be according to the diametrically inside and outside translation of different size open caissons.It is above-mentioned to remove solely
The pedestal of vertical block is made into the annulus arc body of certain diameter, achievees the effect that reuse.The present embodiment is arranged 6 in well head and is worn
Core type hydraulic cylinder and 3 hydraulic wireline winch.
(5) initial promoted lifts with development machine
After the completion of above-mentioned technique, development machine lifting is carried out.The development machine cutterhead work characteristics being related in the construction method is to begin
Rock And Soil is cut in blade foot ring bottom certain distance eventually, therefore the special process process in the construction method before development machine lifting
Be, must by the above-mentioned blade foot ring made by above-mentioned core-theaded type hydraulic cylinder be promoted to away from it is pre- dig working pit bottom it is certain away from
From position.
After the completion of promotion, is hung using ground wheel and jointly lift development machine into above-mentioned well internal chute with hydraulic wireline winch.
(6) lubricant slip casting after open caisson wall
Lubricant is by playing and reducing well sinking resistance and maintain Tu Bi steady in the groove after above-mentioned injected hole injection open caisson wall
Fixed effect.The construction method includes that a kind of caisson wall lubricant automatically controls charging method.
Filling apparatus is automatically controlled to be made of floating-ball level switch 19, power supply 29, relay 30, solenoid valve 31；Floating ball liquid
Bit switch by fixed disk be fixed on connection earth's surface enclosure steel plate on, steel plate with it is pre- in reinforced concrete structure earth's surface enclosure
Steel plate is buried to weld；Floating-ball level switch 19 by terminal box 20, guide rod 21, top limit 22, lower limit 28, float 26,
Normally closed reed switch 27, normally opened reed switch 25 form；The slurries that the normally closed reed switch 25 is arranged in inside guide rod 21 are pre-
If on the position that liquid level is kept, being generally higher than the position of 0.1 ~ 0.3m of earth's surface；The normally opened reed switch 27 is arranged in guide rod
On slurries pre-set level supplementary view inside 21, the distance between normally closed reed switch 25 and normally opened reed switch 27 are starched
The distance between liquid pre-set level holding position and slurries pre-set level supplementary view, this distance are the every circulation sinking drilling depth of open caisson
Height, have relationship with geological conditions, a rate of advance etc..
Annular magnet 23 is provided in float 26, top limit 22 is arranged on guide rod 9, can guarantee in the arrival of float 26
When portion's limit 22, magnet 23 is directed at normally closed reed switch 25；Lower limit 28 is arranged on guide rod 21, can guarantee that float 26 arrives
When up to lower limit 28, magnet 23 is directed at normally opened reed switch 27；Float 26 is upward with the lifting of lubricant liquid level 24
Or move downward.
Automatically control filling process flow are as follows: sink with caisson wall, the lubricant liquid level 24 in lubricating sleeve is also with open caisson
Sink.Due to the variation of liquid level, position is gradually lowered float 26.After well sinking certain distance, float 26 is with liquid
Face is reduced to lower limit 28, is influenced at this time by the magnet 23 in float 26, and the reed in normally opened reed switch 27 is magnetized,
Contact part is attracted, and when attraction is greater than the elastic force of reed, normally opened reed switch 27 is attracted, the solenoid valve being connected in route
31 are initially powered up operating by the control of relay 30, and valve opening, lubricant starts slip casting by injected hole.With slip casting into
Row, lubricant liquid level 24 drive float 26 be gradually increasing, when slip casting to a certain extent, float 26 with liquid level rise to top limit
Position 22, is influenced by the magnet 23 in float 26, the reed in normally closed reed switch 25 is magnetized, and contact part is inhaled at this time
Draw, when attraction is greater than the elastic force of reed, normally closed reed switch 25 is disconnected, and the power-off of solenoid valve 31 stops, and valve is closed, and is stopped
Slip casting.
(7) digging excavation, the digging excavation in the construction method are related to a kind of sunk type shaft excavation machine.The development machine
Mainly by hydraulic wireline winch, three arm type driving rack, caisson structure, revolution driving, drill boom, rotation driving, cutterhead, Pulp pump, mud
Water separation equipment, mud channel and cutter form, and the hydraulic wireline winch quantity in the present embodiment is 3, hang three arm type pick respectively
Hook on 3 support arms of rack, caisson cutting edge ring are equipped with sliding slot, and three arm type tunnels rack slide downward along the chute,
On the one hand guiding role is played, on the other hand prevents three arm type from tunneling gantry rotation, three arm type driving rack is provided centrally with public affairs
Turn driving, the rotation center of the output end for driving of revolving is overlapped with the center of excavated section, the output end and drill boom of driving of revolving
It connects, equipped with 2 rotations drivings on drill boom, the centre of gyration of 2 rotations driving is located at using excavated section center as the center of circle, to dig
It is on the circle of diameter into cross sectional radii, each rotation driving has an output end that can be rotated freely, each output end dress
There is corresponding cutterhead, the cutterhead in the present embodiment is 3 spoke wheels, and the diameter of 2 cutterheads is identical, the radius with excavated section
Equal, each cutterhead is evenly distributed in the circumferential direction 3 cutters.
The working principle for the shaft excavation machine that the construction method is related to be tunnel rack on revolution driving drive drill boom into
Row revolution, while 2 rotations driving band movable knife disc rotation on drill boom.Two rotations in the present embodiment drive 180 ° of symmetrical cloth
It sets, full advance is realized by the rotation of cutterhead and the revolution of drill boom, pressure needed for tunneling is provided by the self weight of development machine,
Decompression drilling is realized by hydraulic wireline winch, guarantees the verticality for tunneling vertical shaft by gravity.When drill boom revolution certain angle
When, a full advance is completed, under the gravity of cutterhead, continues driving downwards.When driving, development machine is along above-mentioned sliding slot
Complete driving stroke.When digging excavation, caisson cutting edge bottom is protected between driving cutterhead always under the action of transferring lift
Hold certain safe distance.During digging excavation, in well always be full of mud, play the role of balance vertical shaft hydraulic pressure, and
Retaining wall is played the role of without borehole wall position in shaft bottom to be prevented from collapsing.
(8) technique of slagging tap in the construction method of slagging tap is related to one kind and absorbs the hybrid well-flushing deslagging of mouth pump air-breathing act more
System.
Pulp pump is arranged into the three arm type driving rack of development machine, and 6 slag absorbings are arranged in this example on 2 cutterheads altogether
Mouthful, each cutterhead arranges 3, and slag suction mouth is arranged on the inside of cutter.
Slag tap process flow: cutterhead starts to tunnel downwards under gravity, tunnels the body refuse of generation and injects into well
Water form slurry liquid under the agitation of cutterhead, mud enters mud channel by slag suction mouth under the action of slush pump, mud with
Enter pulp afterwards to be responsible for, then by slush pump and slag releasing channel, mud is discharged in surface mud clarifier-tank.When vertical shaft is crept into
At to slag suction mouth mud pressure it is sufficiently large and when can be slagged tap using gas lift method, mud pump operation can be stopped or directly torn open
It removes, the injecting compressed air in slag releasing channel, reduces the density that pulp is responsible for interior mud, make pulp supervisor is inside and outside to form pressure difference,
Well-flushing deslagging is carried out using lift mode.It returns in well and recycles after precipitation and separation above by the gentle mud for enumerating well of pump suction
It uses.
(9) well sinking and height is connect
The well sinking process of the construction method relates to a kind of borehole wall handling device matched with shaft sinking machinery.The borehole wall
Lifting device is by core-theaded type hydraulic cylinder, steel strand wires, steel strand wires draw drum, laser range finder, inclination sensor and control system
Composition.
Well sinking preparation: after caisson cutting edge ring and vertical shaft fore shaft complete, carry out lifting steel stranded wire penetrating adapter and
Locking.By steel strand wires pass through core-theaded type hydraulic cylinder, by after lubricant groove through above-mentioned caisson cutting edge ring reserving hole channel, using special
The anchor slab of door is lock onto above-mentioned blade foot ring inclined plane groove.To need to carry out pre- tensioning after the completion of steel stranded wire penetrating adapter, so that every steel
The stress of twisted wire is identical, tightness is consistent, guarantees stability and controllability when well sinking.Steel strand wires install
Bi Hou installs laser range finder and inclination sensor.Laser range finder is installed on by every group of core-theaded type hydraulic cylinder, for measuring well
The handling distance of wall.Inclination sensor is installed on the outside of the topmost borehole wall, for measuring the tilt angle when borehole wall lifts.
After completing above-mentioned preparation, the steel strand wires completion borehole wall is locked/unclamped as needed by core-theaded type hydraulic cylinder and is mentioned
It puts, controls the sinking of caisson wall, after each caisson wall lifts in place, laser range finder data proofread clearing again, inclination
Sensor is re-installed in the measurement that topmost caisson wall continues tilt angle.The caisson wall of one circulation lifts step
It is rapid as follows:
The first step, caisson wall lift front upper and lower anchor and are in locking state, and core-theaded type oil cylinder starts to lift in retracted state,
It casts anchor and is failure to actuate in locking state, upper anchor unclamps；Second step, core-theaded type cylinder piston rod stretch out, and upper anchor is with piston rod entirety
Move up a handling stroke；Third step, upper anchor lock steel strand wires；4th step, casts anchor and unclamps steel strand wires；5th step, release of casting anchor
Steel strand wires, core-theaded type cylinder piston rod are withdrawn, and are completed this circulation caisson wall and are lifted work.If you need to continue lift begin to it is new
Circulation.Such as the working condition of Fig. 9 core-theaded type hydraulic cylinder: the first step is to cast anchor in locking state, upper anchor releasing orientation；Second
Step is that core-theaded type cylinder piston rod stretches out state；Third step is that upper anchor locks steel strand wires state；4th step is to cast anchor to unclamp steel strand
Linear state；5th step is master cylinder retracted mode.
Open caisson connects that high mode is assembled using prefabricated pipe section or sliding formwork is cast-in-place, but it is ineffective which kind of meet high mode, Dou Yaobao
Before connecing height, existing caisson structure top surface is above the ground level certain distance card, prevent because at the top of open caisson cylinder without connecing high working face.
(10) bottom sealing drains, and after tunnelling footage reaches projected depth, development machine is hung by lifting device recycling
From shaft bottom, then it is sealed in silo bottom using the method for concrete placed under water.
(11) lubricant is replaced after open caisson wall, after bottom sealing, to stablize open caisson, should be restored soil in time and be consolidated to the borehole wall
There is effect, speed replaces the slurries in lubricant groove.The method of replacing that the present embodiment uses is finished in well sinking
Before, above-mentioned plasma discharge hole plug or installation valve are first dredged into plasma discharge hole after well sinking back cover, excludes slurries, then use water
Mud or cement-waterglass slurry filling.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of vertical shaft machinery tunneling construction method, take and be characterized in: its step are as follows:
(1) preparation of construction, analysis project geology and hydrological geological conditions work out tunneling construction scheme and measure；
(2) working pit is dug in advance, using high-front shovel, excavates working pit, one side conduct along well head fore shaft outer boundary on ground
The production working face of caisson cutting edge ring and vertical shaft fore shaft, on the other hand for reducing well sinking depth；
(3) caisson cutting edge ring and vertical shaft fore shaft make,
A. caisson cutting edge ring is reinforced concrete structure, 3 fixed chutes is provided on caisson cutting edge ring inner wall, as driving
The guiding of rack slide downward；Sliding slot is welded on caisson cutting edge ring inner wall, and inner wall needs pre-embedded steel slab；
The production method that caisson cutting edge ring uses poured in place concrete, has lifting steel stranded wire penetrating adapter in blade foot ring internal reservation
Duct, the position that duct connects with open caisson outer wall are made into arc-shaped, for guaranteeing the linear transition of lifting steel strand wires, are unlikely to produce
Raw excessive stress is concentrated；
And lifting steel strand anchoring end groove is reserved on caisson cutting edge inclined-plane, the outer wall of open caisson is provided with step, and step is wide
Degree is preferably 10 ~ 20cm as the storage of lubricant after open caisson wall and starches step；The highly preferred of step is 2 ~ 3m, for increasing lubrication
The percolation path of agent prevents mud inside lubricant and open caisson from penetrating through；
Storage slurry step reduces height in lifting steel strand wires duct position, for guaranteeing that lifting steel strand wires can be worn from open caisson outside wall surface
Out；
Lubricant injected hole and plasma discharge hole are provided on caisson cutting edge ring, it is two layers that injected hole and plasma discharge hole, which are preferable to provide, is pressed
Spacing is set to arrange in blossom type；
Wherein caisson cutting edge ring outer diameter is equal with the digging diameter of road heading machinery, and internal diameter is used to meet the installation of heading equipment rack
Size；
Caisson cutting edge ring is made into component matched with road heading machinery excavation size, and the thickness of the shaft wall structure above blade foot ring is made into
It is different from blade foot thickness, realize headroom variable diameters in well, reaching same heading equipment can construct the effect of different inner diameters vertical shaft
Fruit；
B. after blade foot ring completes, construction reinforced bar concrete shaft locking notch structure, vertical shaft fore shaft top leads in lifting steel strand wires
The position crossed is made into arc-shaped corner, for guaranteeing the linear transition of lifting steel strand wires, is unlikely to generate excessive stress concentration；
(4) ancillary equipment is installed, and ancillary equipment includes equipment pedestal, pipeline saddle, core-theaded type hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic wireline winch；Equipment
Pedestal is steel construction, is installed on vertical shaft fore shaft, the pedestal as core-theaded type hydraulic cylinder and hydraulic wireline winch；Core-theaded type hydraulic cylinder
With the pedestal under hydraulic wireline winch be made into the independent block of peripheral base, can be diametrically inside and outside according to different size open caissons
Translation；
Wherein the pedestal of independent block is made into the annulus arc body of setting diameter, achievees the effect that reuse；And in well head cloth
Set 6 core-theaded type hydraulic cylinders and 3 hydraulic wireline winch；
(5) initial promoted lifts with development machine, development machine lifting, according to development machine cutterhead work characteristics, always at blade foot ring bottom
The set distance in portion cuts Rock And Soil；
Before development machine lifting, the blade foot ring that must will have been made is promoted to by core-theaded type hydraulic cylinder and digs working pit bottom away from pre-
The position of the distance of setting；Set distance takes 1. 3m--1. 9m；
After the completion of promotion, is hung and hydraulic wireline winch using ground wheel, jointly lift development machine into well internal chute；
(6) lubricant slip casting after open caisson wall, lubricant is by playing and reducing under open caisson in the groove after injected hole injection open caisson wall
Heavy resistance and the effect for maintaining soil wall stability；
(7) digging excavation drives drill boom to carry out public using sunk type shaft excavation machine by the revolution driving in driving rack
Turn, while 2 rotations driving band movable knife disc rotation on drill boom；By two rotations drive 180 ° be arranged symmetrically and cutterhead
Rotation and drill boom revolution, realize full advance；
Pressure needed for tunneling is provided by the self weight of development machine, and decompression drilling is realized by hydraulic wireline winch, is guaranteed by gravity
Tunnel the verticality of vertical shaft；
When 180 ° ~ 182 ° of drill boom revolution, a full advance is completed, under the gravity of cutterhead, continues driving downwards；
When driving, development machine completes driving stroke along the chute；
When digging excavation, caisson cutting edge bottom remains 900mm's between driving cutterhead under the action of transferring lift
Safe distance；
During digging excavation, mud is full of in well always, plays the role of balancing vertical shaft hydraulic pressure, and in shaft bottom without borehole wall position
Set play the role of retaining wall prevent collapse；
(8) it slags tap, lifts hybrid well-flushing dreg removing system using the pump air-breathings for absorbing mouth more and slush pump is slagged tap；Slush pump arrangement
Onto the three arm type driving rack of development machine；
Cutterhead starts to tunnel downwards under gravity when work, the body refuse of generation and the water injected into well is tunneled, in cutterhead
Agitation under form slurry liquid；Under the action of slush pump, mud enters mud channel by slag suction mouth；Mud subsequently enters pulp
Supervisor, then by slush pump and slag releasing channel, mud is discharged in surface mud clarifier-tank；
When vertical shaft creep into it is sufficiently large to mud pressure at slag suction mouth and when can be slagged tap using gas lift method, stop mud pump operation or
Directly removed；The injecting compressed air in slag releasing channel reduces the density that pulp is responsible for interior mud, makes inside and outside pulp supervisor
Pressure difference is formed, carries out well-flushing deslagging using lift mode；The gentle mud for enumerating well is inhaled by pump, well is returned after precipitation and separation
Interior recycling；
(9) well sinking and height is connect, lifts device with the mechanical matched borehole wall of shaft sinking；It is by punching that the borehole wall, which lifts device,
Formula hydraulic cylinder, steel strand wires, steel strand wires draw drum, laser range finder, inclination sensor and control system composition；
Well sinking preparation: after caisson cutting edge ring and vertical shaft fore shaft complete, lifting steel stranded wire penetrating adapter and locking are carried out；
Steel strand wires are passed through into core-theaded type hydraulic cylinder, by, through caisson cutting edge ring reserving hole channel, locking onto sword by anchor slab after lubricant groove
In foot ring inclined plane groove；It needs to carry out pre- tensioning after the completion of steel stranded wire penetrating adapter, so that the stress of every steel strand wires is identical, elastic
Degree is consistent, guarantees stability and controllability when well sinking；Steel strand wires after the installation is completed, install laser range finder and incline
Oblique sensor；
Laser range finder is installed on by every group of core-theaded type hydraulic cylinder, for measuring the handling distance of the borehole wall；Inclination sensor installation
On the outside of the topmost borehole wall, for measuring the tilt angle when borehole wall lifts；
Then by core-theaded type hydraulic cylinder, locking as needed/release steel strand wires are completed the borehole wall and are lifted, and control under caisson wall
Heavy, after each caisson wall lifts in place, laser range finder data proofread clearing again, and inclination sensor is re-installed in most upper
Portion's caisson wall continues the measurement of tilt angle；
Steps are as follows for the caisson wall handling of one circulation:
The first step, caisson wall lift front upper and lower anchor and are in locking state, and core-theaded type oil cylinder starts to lift in retracted state,
It casts anchor and is failure to actuate in locking state, upper anchor unclamps；Second step, core-theaded type cylinder piston rod stretch out, and upper anchor is with piston rod entirety
Move up a handling stroke；Third step, upper anchor lock steel strand wires；4th step, casts anchor and unclamps steel strand wires；5th step, release of casting anchor
Steel strand wires, core-theaded type cylinder piston rod are withdrawn, and are completed this circulation caisson wall and are lifted work；When need to continue lift begin to it is new
Circulation；
The high mode that connects of open caisson uses prefabricated pipe section assembly or sliding formwork cast-in-place, it is ensured that before connecing height, has caisson structure top surface
Be above the ground level the distance of 20 ~ 30cm, prevent because at the top of open caisson cylinder without connecing high working face；
(10) bottom sealing drains, and after tunnelling footage reaches projected depth, development machine is hung well by lifting device recycling
Then bottom is sealed in silo bottom using the method for concrete placed under water；50-100 meters；
(11) lubricant is replaced after open caisson wall, after bottom sealing, to stablize open caisson, should restore soil in time to the intrinsic work of the borehole wall
With speed replaces the slurries in lubricant groove；
Method of replacing is before well sinking finishes, first by above-mentioned plasma discharge hole plug or installation valve, to well sinking back cover
Afterwards, plasma discharge hole is dredged, excludes slurries, then filled with cement slurry or cement-waterglass slurry.
2. a kind of vertical shaft machinery tunneling construction method according to claim 1, takes and is characterized in: being lubricated after the open caisson wall
Agent slip casting, lubricant is by playing and reducing well sinking resistance and maintenance soil in the groove after above-mentioned injected hole injection open caisson wall
The stable effect of wall；Caisson wall lubricant automatically controls charging method, and specific implementation step is as follows:
Filling apparatus is automatically controlled to be made of floating-ball level switch 19, power supply 29, relay 30, solenoid valve 31；Floating Ball Liquid Level is opened
It closes and is fixed on by fixed disk on the steel plate of connection earth's surface enclosure, the pre-buried steel in steel plate and the enclosure of reinforced concrete structure earth's surface
Plate welds；Floating-ball level switch 19 is by terminal box 20, guide rod 21, top limit 22, lower limit 28, float 26, normally closed
Reed switch 27, normally opened reed switch 25 form；The normally closed reed switch 25 is arranged in the slurries inside guide rod 21 and presets liquid
On the position that face is kept, generally it is higher than the position of 0.1 ~ 0.3m of earth's surface；The normally opened reed switch 27 is arranged in guide rod 21
On the slurries pre-set level supplementary view in portion, the distance between normally closed reed switch 25 and normally opened reed switch 27, i.e., slurries are pre-
If the distance between liquid level holding position and slurries pre-set level supplementary view, this distance is the height of the every circulation sinking drilling depth of open caisson
Degree has relationship with geological conditions, a rate of advance etc.；
Annular magnet 23 is provided in float 26, top limit 22 is arranged on guide rod 9, can guarantee that float 26 reaches top limit
When position 22, magnet 23 is directed at normally closed reed switch 25；Lower limit 28 is arranged on guide rod 21, under capable of guaranteeing that float 26 reaches
When portion's limit 28, magnet 23 is directed at normally opened reed switch 27；Float 26 be with the lifting of lubricant liquid level 24 and upwards or to
Lower movement；
Automatically control filling process flow are as follows: sink with caisson wall, the lubricant liquid level 24 in lubricating sleeve is also with well sinking；
Due to the variation of liquid level, position is gradually lowered float 26；
After well sinking certain distance, float 26 is reduced to lower limit 28 with liquid level, at this time by the magnet in float 26
23 influence, the reed in normally opened reed switch 27 are magnetized, and contact part is attracted, when attraction is greater than the elastic force of reed
When, normally opened reed switch 27 is attracted, and the solenoid valve 31 being connected in route is initially powered up operating by the control of relay 30, and valve is opened
It opens, lubricant starts slip casting by injected hole；With the progress of slip casting, lubricant liquid level 24 drives float 26 to be gradually increasing, when
To a certain extent, float 26 rises to top limit 22 with liquid level for slip casting, is influenced at this time by the magnet 23 in float 26, often
The reed closed in reed switch 25 is magnetized, and contact part is attracted, and when attraction is greater than the elastic force of reed, normally closed reed is opened
It closes 25 to disconnect, the power-off of solenoid valve 31 stops, and valve is closed, and stops slip casting.
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| CN110043264A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-07-23 | 中铁第六勘察设计院集团有限公司 | A kind of construction method of jacking prefabricated rectangle shaft structure pattern |
| CN112664197A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-04-16 | 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 | Shaft excavation device, large-diameter shaft heading machine and construction method |
| CN113309130A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-08-27 | 中建地下空间有限公司 | Open caisson controllable sinking construction method |
| CN113482054A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-10-08 | 上海隧道工程有限公司 | Active press-in type vertical shaft construction system and method suitable for soft soil area |
| CN113982488A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2022-01-28 | 浙江天弘机器人科技有限公司 | Deep foundation pit tunneling robot and operation method thereof |
| CN114922626A (en) * | 2022-05-28 | 2022-08-19 | 江苏和信石油机械有限公司 | Underground tunnel shaft tunneling drilling machine for pumped storage power station |
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| CN113309130A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-08-27 | 中建地下空间有限公司 | Open caisson controllable sinking construction method |
| CN113309130B (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2024-05-24 | 中建地下空间有限公司 | Controllable sinking construction method for open caisson |
| CN113482054A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-10-08 | 上海隧道工程有限公司 | Active press-in type vertical shaft construction system and method suitable for soft soil area |
| CN113982488B (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2024-03-26 | 浙江天弘机器人科技有限公司 | Deep foundation pit tunneling robot and operation method thereof |
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| CN114922626B (en) * | 2022-05-28 | 2023-08-29 | 江苏和信石油机械有限公司 | Underground tunnel shaft tunneling drilling machine of pumped storage power station |
| CN114922626A (en) * | 2022-05-28 | 2022-08-19 | 江苏和信石油机械有限公司 | Underground tunnel shaft tunneling drilling machine for pumped storage power station |
| CN114961734A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-08-30 | 山东黄金矿业科技有限公司深井开采实验室分公司 | Drilling pressure relief method suitable for ultra-deep vertical shaft |
| CN117005870A (en) * | 2023-09-08 | 2023-11-07 | 中铁七局集团广州工程有限公司 | Deviation correction detection device and method for curve jacking engineering |
| CN117005870B (en) * | 2023-09-08 | 2024-03-05 | 中铁七局集团广州工程有限公司 | Deviation correction detection device and method for curve jacking engineering |
| CN118326989A (en) * | 2024-06-14 | 2024-07-12 | 中机顶建设有限公司 | Undisturbed deep foundation pit construction method |
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