CN106245626A - A kind of hard formation churning driven enters method - Google Patents

A kind of hard formation churning driven enters method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106245626A
CN106245626A CN201610666126.1A CN201610666126A CN106245626A CN 106245626 A CN106245626 A CN 106245626A CN 201610666126 A CN201610666126 A CN 201610666126A CN 106245626 A CN106245626 A CN 106245626A
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China
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hole
drilling
pile
bit
rock
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CN201610666126.1A
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Inventor
宋芃
黄泉钦
唐花莲
林�建
郭宇航
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Ccteb Infrastructure Construction Co Ltd
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Ccteb Infrastructure Construction Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201610666126.1A priority Critical patent/CN106245626A/en
Publication of CN106245626A publication Critical patent/CN106245626A/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22Piles
    • E02D5/34Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
    • E02D5/38Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00Drill bits
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B25/00Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels or core extractors
    • E21B25/10Formed core retaining or severing means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of hard formation churning driven and enter method, comprise the following steps: (1) preparation of construction;(2) measuring stake position;(3) pile foundation steel pile casting is processed and buries underground;(4) rotary drilling rig centering in place;(5) slurrying and circulation;(6) drilling rod, bite type and selection;(7) churning driven drilling construction: arrange wedge shape drilling bucket on cylinder bores, utilizes wedge shape pressurization principle, and the plus-pressure of wedge shape drilling bucket produces the radial component to core, and rock fractures the most at last;First using when creeping into minor diameter pick cartridge type coring bit to loosen hole inner periphery core, use the embedding rock rotary drilling digger cleaning bottom of hole of the double bottom of major diameter, pick hosqe bit and double bottom embedding rock rotary drilling digger are constantly used alternatingly, until it reaches design hole depth;(8) judgement in whole hole and inspection;(9) clear hole;(10) steel reinforcement cage and pouring underwater concrete are hung.It is high that the present invention enters rock efficiency, and safety is high, and hole quality is good, remarkable in economical benefits.

Description

A kind of hard formation churning driven enters method
Technical field
The present invention relates to Construction Technique of Underground Works field, specifically a kind of hard formation churning driven enters method.
Background technology
In recent years, churning driven was because of advantages such as it is efficient, mobile flexibly, environmental protection, pile quality are good, adaptation stratum is wider It is widely used in the municipal works pile foundation constructions such as bridge, subway, underpass.But rotary drilling rig applies in general to viscosity The geology such as soil, silt, sandstone, gravelly soil, loess, greatly develop subway construction along with national, and subway station is generally underground Two layers or three-decker, to going along with sb. to guard him, pile embedding in rock requirement is higher, and the application of rotary drilling rig is restricted.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of hard formation churning driven and enter method, with solve existing churning driven cannot be high-strength The problem of degree hard formation application.
For achieving the above object, the present invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of hard formation churning driven enters method, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of construction work: research and analyse engineering geology, construction machinery configures with equipment, and technical parameter designs;
(2) measuring stake position: before construction, first discharges stake position according to Pile Foundations Design drawing on drawing in the ratio of 1:1, and gives Stake is numbered with number, conveniently fills in pile record material, after sequencing stake position, measures unwrapping wire according to the stake position sequenced at the scene, Make stake position;
(3) pile foundation steel pile casting is processed and buries underground: casing has spud pile position, guides drill bit direction, the isolation surface water to exempt from its ostium In, protection aperture does not cave in effect, pile-casting making material selection Q235A structural section, casing diameter 1400mm, a length of 3m, steel Plate thickness is 6mm;
(4) rotary drilling rig centering in place: really fixed pile center, with center as the center of circle, to set up ten more than pile body radius in surrounding Word fender pile, carries out labelling and fixes, and carries out four labelling protection points with red paint simultaneously, draw mutually with 2 fine rules on steel pile casting Cross, the apex point of churning driven head be directed at fine rule intersection, by the instrument and equipment of rig self adjust drilling rod, mast perpendicular Directly spend and lock;
(5) slurrying and circulation: mud raw material is made up of tap water, clay, bentonite, mud additive;
(6) drilling rod, bite type and selection: bore based on embedding rock cylinder, for pick cartridge type coring bit disturbance when entering hard rock basic unit Rear cooperation double bottom rotary drilling digger cleaning bottom of hole;
(7) churning driven drilling construction: first, bores pick cylinder and improves so that it is possess coring ability, bores at cylinder and arranges on 1 Wedge shape drilling bucket, utilizes wedge shape pressurization principle, and the plus-pressure of wedge shape drilling bucket produces the radial component to core, the most at last rock folding Disconnected;Secondly, first use when creeping into minor diameter pick cartridge type coring bit to loosen hole inner periphery core, then use major diameter The embedding rock rotary drilling digger cleaning bottom of hole of double bottom, pick hosqe bit and double bottom embedding rock rotary drilling digger are constantly used alternatingly, until reaching To design hole depth;
(8) judgement in whole hole and inspection: fishing for boring mud in time, slag rock sample feature, borehole log and rate of penetration are comprehensive according to drawing Judge this hole can whole hole, when confirming to reach the socket length that design requires, can whole hole;After judging whole hole, with inspection hole device Transfer at the bottom of hole to check aperture, hole depth, hole deviation, it is ensured that pore-forming meets design and construction code requirement, check and accept through supervision examination It is allowed for access after qualified next procedure;
(9) clear hole;
(10) steel reinforcement cage and pouring underwater concrete are hung.
As the further scheme of the present invention: shield-tube embedment in step (3) method particularly includes: first surveying setting-out makes stake Position, then utilizes and manually or mechanically carries out borehole;Casing leading truck is installed;By shield-tube embedment to design attitude;Casing is installed tight Lattice control perpendicularity, and the error of perpendicularity is in the range of 1%;After casing installation, casing center is carried out repetition measurement, casing and stake The deviation at center is not more than 5cm.
As the present invention further scheme: wedge shape drilling bucket described in step (7) is arranged on cylinder and bores interior, wedge shape drilling bucket bag Including wedging bit, wedging bit is arranged on cylinder and bores interior.
As the present invention further scheme: the uniform cylinder that is arranged on of pick cartridge type coring bit described in step (7) bores Bottom, pick cartridge type coring bit includes multiple rifler, and multiple rifler are uniform to be arranged on bottom cylinder brill.
As the present invention further scheme: double bottom embedding rock rotary drilling digger described in step (7) includes double-deck subdrilling Bucket and bit drill, bit drill is arranged in double bottom drilling bucket.
As the present invention further scheme: the clear hole described in step (9) includes that the most clear hole and second time are clear Hole.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, rock efficiency is entered high.Theoretical based on catalase, select different drill bit according to lithological characteristic and carry out drilling tool optimization design, It is aided with correct drilling process, reaches efficiently to enter rock purpose.
2, safety is high, and hole quality is good.Hard rock and tiltedly rock geology are crept into by correct drilling method rational modification, Being adjusted from details of operation to fully understand rig principle, it is to avoid the accident such as bit freezing, burying occurs, rotation simultaneously is dug again Hole perpendicularity and quality are the most guaranteed.
3, remarkable in economical benefits.Compared with boring with the impact brill that this geology routine is selected, reverse circulation, the success of rotary drilling rig Application greatly reduces cost and has saved the duration.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that hard formation churning driven enters wedge shape drilling bucket schematic diagram in method.
Fig. 2 is that hard formation churning driven enters pick cartridge type coring bit schematic diagram in method.
Fig. 3 is that hard formation churning driven enters the embedding rock rotary drilling digger schematic diagram of double bottom in method.
In figure: 1-cylinder bores, 2-wedging bit, 3-rock, 4-rifler, 5-double bottom drilling bucket, 6-bit drill.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete Describe, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention rather than whole embodiments wholely.Based on Embodiment in the present invention, it is every other that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under not making creative work premise Embodiment, broadly falls into the scope of protection of the invention.
(1) preparation of construction work
1) engineering geology is researched and analysed
To geological mapping data labor before construction, sum up geological condition and feature.For lithology geology, solution cavity need to be understood and send out Educate situation, the origin cause of formation of rock and and kind, the size and shape of rock particles, rock structure and cranny development situation, cementing Character etc..
2) construction machinery configures with equipment
For engineering difference geological condition, to the construction machineries such as the drilling rod of rotary drilling rig, drilling tool, bucket tooth, casing, slurrying with Equipment selects and optimizes.For the pile foundation construction of hard formation, a churning driven at least configures three kinds of different sizes and type Drilling tool, to adapt to creeping into of weak soil and hard rock basic unit.
3) technical parameter design
For different geological conditions, optimizing drilling parameter, quality-controlling parameters etc., as solution cavity pass through mode, Xie Yan adds when creeping into The Con trolling index such as pressure mode, bit speed, penetration rate.
(2) measuring stake position
Before construction, first on drawing, discharge stake position according to Pile Foundations Design drawing in the ratio of 1:1, and be numbered with number to stake, Conveniently fill in the data such as pile record.After sequencing stake position, measure unwrapping wire according to the stake position sequenced at the scene, make stake position.
(3) pile foundation steel pile casting is processed and buries underground:
Casing has spud pile position, guides drill bit direction, and the isolation surface water is exempted from its ostium, protects the effects such as aperture does not cave in.
Pile-casting making is typically made by professional production producer, pile-casting making material selection Q235A structural section, casing diameter 1400mm, a length of 3m, steel plate thickness is 6mm.
Shield-tube embedment concrete grammar:
1) first surveying setting-out makes stake position, then utilizes and manually or mechanically carries out borehole.
2) casing leading truck is installed.Leading truck utilizes shaped steel to be welded, and leading truck corner utilizes steel pipe to be fixed, fixed Position stake embedded depth is pressed 3m and is considered.
3) by shield-tube embedment to design attitude.
4) casing is installed and must strictly be controlled perpendicularity, it is ensured that the error of perpendicularity is in the range of 1%.After casing installation, right Casing center carries out repetition measurement, it is ensured that casing is not more than 5cm with the deviation of pile center.
(4) rotary drilling rig centering in place
Checking correctly in stake position, shield-tube embedment meets the requirements, and on the basis of casing, terrace absolute altitude measure, rig could be in place. Really fixed pile center, with center as the center of circle, to set up cross fender pile more than pile body radius in surrounding, carries out labelling and fixes, On steel pile casting, carry out four labelling protection points with red paint simultaneously.Draw mutually with 2 fine rules (basic inextensibility) and cross, rotation is dug The apex point alignment fine rule intersection of drill bit, adjusts drilling rod, vertically the spending and lock of mast by the instrument and equipment of rig self.
(5) slurrying and circulation
For ensureing being smoothed out of drilled pile drilling construction, before formally spudding in, carry out simulated mud test, select difference to produce The bentonite on ground and the water of different proportion, bentonite, alkali, CMC etc. carry out trial, and the mud selecting mud indices optimum is joined Ratio.
Mud parameter needs to be adjusted according to the soil layer passed through or Karst Features, and allotment in time is allowed to rise in different soil To preferable retaining wall or outstanding quarrel effect.When the boulder bed bigger by sand, sand gravel or sand content or other soil layers that easily caves in (as Solution cavity section) viscosity should be strengthened.
Mud raw material forms: tap water, clay, bentonite (calcareous), mud additive.Mud match ratio is by test chamber Configuration.
Table 1 mud property index reference value
(6) drilling rod, bite type and selection
According to different geological conditions in construction, select suitable drilling rod, drill bit and construction technology.
When the soft soil layer such as muck soil, general clay layer creeps into, anti-friction drill pipe and rotary bit can be used.Abrasion drill Head is generally divided into monolayer subsoil bucket and double bottom drags for sand hopper.
Mainly bore 1 based on embedding rock cylinder when entering hard rock basic unit, predominantly after the disturbance of pick cartridge type coring bit, coordinate bilayer End rotary drilling digger cleaning bottom of hole.As Figure 1-3, wedge shape drilling bucket is arranged in cylinder brill 1, and wedge shape drilling bucket includes wedging bit 2, pick cylinder The uniform cylinder that is arranged on of formula coring bit bores bottom 1, and pick cartridge type coring bit includes multiple rifler 4, and the embedding rock of double bottom revolves Dig drilling bucket and include double bottom drilling bucket 5 and bit drill 6.
Enter drilling bucket used by rock rotary drilling rig, by reasonable cloth tooth, make between cog the other side the most each other create the scope of freedom, for efficiently entering Rock creates conditions.Knowable to catalase theory, the scope of freedom be conducive to scar crush, and the scope of freedom again according to formation hardness, Fragility, surface energy etc. consider.Creep into moment of torsion for same formation use is same, use different cloth teeth, its drilling efficiency Also different.Therefore, select suitable cloth tooth, drilling depth efficiency could be improved.The strong differentiation layer bucket tooth angle less for hardness should Slightly larger;When creeping into relatively hard formation, bucket tooth angle should be slightly smaller.
(7) churning driven drilling construction
Rotary drilling rig uses the collocation of multiple drilling tool to use according to strata condition.After rig is in place, adjust drilling rod perpendicularity, inject and adjust The mud made, then holes.Ensure during drilling machine construction that mud face all the time must not be less than bottom casing, it is ensured that hole wall Stability.
1) Soft Soil Layer churning driven enters
When at clay, silt, sand, muck soil, miscellaneous fill and creeping into containing Soft Soil Layers such as part rubbles, rotary drilling rig uses Rotary bit at the bottom of anti-friction drill pipe and monolayer creeps into.After filling mud in casing, start to creep into, drilling process is continuously replenished at any time Mud, remains higher than subsoil water 1m-1.5m head height, adjusts mud prescription and ratio according to soil property situation simultaneously in making hole Weight.The electronic control system display that churning driven enters by being equipped with adjusts perpendicularity when creeping into, and is aided with manual observation simultaneously and protects The perpendicularity of card drilling rod, thus ensure the perpendicularity of pore-forming.
2) hard formation churning driven enters
When breaking up the hard rock basic units such as limestone, slate, glutenite in entering, owing to density of earth formations is big, at the bottom of anti-friction drill pipe and monolayer Rotary bit cannot complete pore-forming.Now, anti-friction drill pipe need to be selected and enter that rock cylinder bores 1, double bottom draws sand hopper alternately cooperation and creep into. Technique description is carried out below as a example by 1.2m stake footpath:
First enter rock cylinder with 0.8m minor diameter and bore 1(bucket tooth employing sub warhead, stud with tungsten hard alloy) creep into, around rock core in hole Loosen, more lower double bottom is drawn sand drilling bucket and carried out cleaning bottom of hole, reaches efficiently to enter rock purpose.Enter rock churning driven when entering, according to stratum While selecting drilling bucket, it is also noted that drilling depth controls.
(8) judgement in whole hole and inspection
1) hole to designed elevation, boring mud should be fished in time, according to drawing slag rock sample feature, borehole log and rate of penetration etc. This hole of comprehensive descision can whole hole, when confirming to reach the socket length that design requires, can whole hole.
2), after judging whole hole, transfer at the bottom of hole with inspection hole device to check aperture, hole depth, hole deviation, it is ensured that pore-forming meets design And job specfication requirement, next procedure of being allowed for access after supervision examination acceptance(check).
(9) clear hole
1), after the passed examination of whole hole, the most clear hole should be carried out by rapid bailers, must not stop long-time, and make mud slag sink Form sediment too much, cause clear hole difficulty, even collapse hole.
2) after once clear hole is qualified, confirms through management, steel reinforcement cage, conduit etc. can be laid, change the clear hole of slurry carrying out secondary.
3) the whole process in clear hole answers special messenger to be responsible for sediment thickness at the bottom of measured hole, in time to heavy at the bottom of sand content in mud in hole and hole The change of slag thickness is analyzed.
(10) steel reinforcement cage and pouring underwater concrete are hung
After the assay was approved, the lifting of steel reinforcement cage is carried out.Use 25t truck crane lifting steel reinforcement cage, at lifting steel reinforcement cage to certain high After degree, steel reinforcement cage is adjusted to vertical direction, then steel reinforcement cage is declined slowly, till making whole steel reinforcement cage be down to designed elevation.
Impact holing, after detection of verifying is qualified, also should carry out before concrete perfusion that steel reinforcement cage is in place, conduit hand-hole, again Secondary clear hole checks.It is qualified that steel reinforcement cage and conduit are installed, and clear hole meets the requirements, can be under priming petock after supervising engineer's pore-forming checks Concrete.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the invention is not restricted to the details of above-mentioned one exemplary embodiment, Er Qie In the case of the spirit or essential attributes of the present invention, it is possible to realize the present invention in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter From the point of view of which point, all should regard embodiment as exemplary, and be nonrestrictive, the scope of the present invention is by appended power Profit requires rather than described above limits, it is intended that all by fall in the implication of equivalency and scope of claim Change is included in the present invention.Should not be considered as limiting involved claim by any reference in claim.
Although moreover, it will be appreciated that this specification is been described by according to embodiment, but the most each embodiment only wraps Containing an independent technical scheme, this narrating mode of description is only that for clarity sake those skilled in the art should Description can also be formed those skilled in the art through appropriately combined as an entirety, the technical scheme in each embodiment May be appreciated other embodiments.

Claims (6)

1. a hard formation churning driven enters method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) preparation of construction work: research and analyse engineering geology, construction machinery configures with equipment, and technical parameter designs;
(2) measuring stake position: before construction, first discharges stake position according to Pile Foundations Design drawing on drawing in the ratio of 1:1, and gives Stake is numbered with number, conveniently fills in pile record material, after sequencing stake position, measures unwrapping wire according to the stake position sequenced at the scene, Make stake position;
(3) pile foundation steel pile casting is processed and buries underground: casing has spud pile position, guides drill bit direction, the isolation surface water to exempt from its ostium In, protection aperture does not cave in effect, pile-casting making material selection Q235A structural section, casing diameter 1400mm, a length of 3m, steel Plate thickness is 6mm;
(4) rotary drilling rig centering in place: really fixed pile center, with center as the center of circle, to set up ten more than pile body radius in surrounding Word fender pile, carries out labelling and fixes, and carries out four labelling protection points with red paint simultaneously, draw mutually with 2 fine rules on steel pile casting Cross, the apex point of churning driven head be directed at fine rule intersection, by the instrument and equipment of rig self adjust drilling rod, mast perpendicular Directly spend and lock;
(5) slurrying and circulation: mud raw material is made up of tap water, clay, bentonite, mud additive;
(6) drilling rod, bite type and selection: bore based on embedding rock cylinder, for pick cartridge type coring bit disturbance when entering hard rock basic unit Rear cooperation double bottom rotary drilling digger cleaning bottom of hole;
(7) churning driven drilling construction: first, bores pick cylinder and improves so that it is possess coring ability, arranges wedge on cylinder bores Shape drilling bucket, utilizes wedge shape pressurization principle, and the plus-pressure of wedge shape drilling bucket produces the radial component to core, and rock fractures the most at last; Secondly, first use when creeping into minor diameter pick cartridge type coring bit to loosen hole inner periphery core, then use the double of major diameter The embedding rock rotary drilling digger cleaning bottom of hole at the layer end, pick hosqe bit and double bottom embedding rock rotary drilling digger are constantly used alternatingly, until it reaches Design hole depth;
(8) judgement in whole hole and inspection: fishing for boring mud in time, slag rock sample feature, borehole log and rate of penetration are comprehensive according to drawing Judge this hole can whole hole, when confirming to reach the socket length that design requires, can whole hole;After judging whole hole, with inspection hole device Transfer at the bottom of hole to check aperture, hole depth, hole deviation, it is ensured that pore-forming meets design and construction code requirement, check and accept through supervision examination It is allowed for access after qualified next procedure;
(9) clear hole;
(10) steel reinforcement cage and pouring underwater concrete are hung.
Hard formation churning driven the most according to claim 1 enters method, it is characterised in that in step (3), shield-tube embedment is concrete Method is: first surveying setting-out makes stake position, then utilizes and manually or mechanically carries out borehole;Casing leading truck is installed;By casing Bury underground to design attitude;Casing is installed and is strictly controlled perpendicularity, and the error of perpendicularity is in the range of 1%;After casing installation, right Casing center carries out repetition measurement, and casing is not more than 5cm with the deviation of pile center.
Hard formation churning driven the most according to claim 1 enters method, it is characterised in that wedge shape drilling bucket described in step (7) Being arranged on cylinder and bore interior, wedge shape drilling bucket includes that wedging bit, wedging bit are arranged on cylinder and bore interior.
Hard formation churning driven the most according to claim 1 enters method, it is characterised in that pick cartridge type described in step (7) Coring bit is uniform to be arranged on bottom cylinder brill, and pick cartridge type coring bit includes multiple rifler, and multiple rifler are uniform It is arranged on bottom cylinder brill.
Hard formation churning driven the most according to claim 1 enters method, it is characterised in that described in step (7), double bottom is embedding Rock rotary drilling digger includes double bottom drilling bucket and bit drill, and bit drill is arranged in double bottom drilling bucket.
Hard formation churning driven the most according to claim 1 enters method, it is characterised in that the clear hole bag described in step (9) Include the most clear hole and the clear hole of second time.
CN201610666126.1A 2016-08-15 2016-08-15 A kind of hard formation churning driven enters method Pending CN106245626A (en)

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CN110219596A (en) * 2019-07-16 2019-09-10 张殿忠 A kind of integrated cartridge type coring bit of down-hole hammer
CN111058767B (en) * 2019-12-06 2021-08-31 广东省基础工程集团有限公司 Construction method of rock-socketed cast-in-situ bored pile
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CN111520080B (en) * 2020-04-13 2022-04-08 中建三局集团有限公司 Protection device for preventing rotary drilling rig from jamming
CN111520080A (en) * 2020-04-13 2020-08-11 中建三局集团有限公司 Protection device for preventing rotary drilling rig from jamming
CN111734311A (en) * 2020-06-23 2020-10-02 天明(南京)智能装备科技有限公司 Novel coring bit
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CN111894451A (en) * 2020-07-27 2020-11-06 中交路桥建设有限公司 Rotary drilling pile foundation construction method for stratum combining aeolian sand, sand gravel and gravel
CN111894452A (en) * 2020-07-27 2020-11-06 中交路桥建设有限公司 Combined drilling method for end-bearing pile of aeolian sand deep-covering tuff stratum
CN112709529A (en) * 2020-12-28 2021-04-27 中铁十局集团第七工程有限公司 Radial grading pore-forming construction method and application of hard rock layer drilled pile
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Application publication date: 20161221