CN109724867B - Rock fracture response visual simulation experiment system and method under pulse dynamic water pressure - Google Patents
Rock fracture response visual simulation experiment system and method under pulse dynamic water pressure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of rock physical model tests, in particular to a visual simulation experiment system and method for rock fracture response under impulse dynamic water pressure. The device comprises a rock model, a drop hammer impact tester, an image acquisition device and an image processing device; the rock model is a transparent cube with cracks, and the cracks are filled with trace particle fluid; the drop hammer type impact tester can simulate impact load to apply pulse stress to the rock model; the image acquisition device comprises a camera mechanism and an illumination mechanism, wherein the camera mechanism can shoot images of the rock model in the whole course, and the illumination mechanism supplements light for the camera mechanism; the image processing device comprises an image acquisition card and a computer, the image acquisition card is connected with the camera mechanism, the image acquired by the camera mechanism is subjected to digital processing, and the image information after digital processing is transmitted to the computer for storage and analysis, so that the visual simulation of the whole process of fracture rock mass response under the action of dynamic water pressure caused by dynamic load such as blasting is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock physical model tests, in particular to a visual simulation experiment system and method for rock fracture response under impulse dynamic water pressure.
Background
Under the action of strong dynamic stress such as blasting, earthquake and the like, rock mass cracks are continuously expanded to form a through water guide channel, along with continuous expansion and accumulation of cracks, the permeability coefficient is increased in a nonlinear step way, and the seepage field is obviously changed, so that the rock mass is extremely easy to have water burst accidents. During the period, the characteristic parameters of the rock mass fracture seepage, such as flow velocity, flow rate, volume and the like, are influenced by space-time effect and have unsteady characteristics, so the damage degree and probability are obviously increased, the damage fracture progress of a rock mass structure is further aggravated, the fracture characteristic parameters and the evolution process are difficult to be determined under the induction of unsteady seepage pressure, and the water burst accident is difficult to quantitatively infer.
Therefore, the research on unsteady state osmotic pressure induced rock mass fracture response under the action of dynamic stress is necessary to be carried out deeply, the research result can provide scientific decision references for the prediction, evaluation and control of the osmotic flow disasters under the action of dynamic stress of the rock mass, and the research result has outstanding scientific research value and engineering guiding significance for realizing the physical simulation experiment of the osmotic pressure damage, perfecting theoretical analysis model, developing numerical value reconstruction analysis method, optimizing engineering disaster evaluation and the like.
At present, some students study the response of rock cracks under unsteady state osmotic pressure, such as studying the stress intensity factor of the tip of the rock cracks under the action of dynamic water pressure, the fracture toughness and the like, but the study does not relate to the expansion characteristic of the rock cracks under the action of impulse dynamic water pressure and the deformation characteristic of a rock mass. With the development of computer and material science, students have tested by replacing rock with transparent materials, such as replacing rock test pieces with transparent materials, researching the expansion process of single and double crack under the action of uniaxial load, manufacturing test pieces containing three-dimensional cracks by adopting transparent resin materials, and researching the expansion and damage processes of the three-dimensional cracks. However, no simulation experiment for inducing crack expansion by fluid osmotic pressure in rock mass by using a crack-containing rock model has been carried out by researchers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problems in the background art, and provides a visual simulation experiment system and a visual simulation method for rock fracture response under the action of impulse dynamic water pressure, which can intuitively show the fracture expansion process in the rock under the action of impulse dynamic water pressure, obtain fracture expansion characteristics and rock deformation characteristics, and realize the visual simulation of the whole process of fracture rock response under the action of dynamic water pressure caused by dynamic loads such as blasting.
The specific technical scheme is that the rock fracture response visualization simulation experiment system under the condition of pulse dynamic water pressure comprises a rock model 1, an image acquisition device and an image processing device 7;
the rock model 1 is a transparent cube with cracks, a cylindrical cavity 12 with an open upper end is arranged in the middle of the upper part of the rock model 1, an elliptical crack cavity 11 is arranged in the middle of the rock model 1 corresponding to the lower end of the cylindrical cavity 12, and a plurality of microcracks 13 are arranged at two ends of the long axis of the elliptical crack cavity 11 corresponding to the inside of the rock model 1; the lower end of the cylinder cavity 12 is communicated with the elliptical fracture cavity 11; the cylinder cavity 11 is internally provided with trace particle fluid, and a piston mechanism 4 is arranged above the liquid level of the trace particle fluid; the piston mechanism 4 comprises a piston 43 and a piston rod 42, wherein the upper part of the piston rod 42 extends to the outside of the upper end of the cylinder cavity 12;
the image acquisition device comprises two CCD cameras 6 and two LED illuminating lamps 3; the two CCD cameras 6 are respectively positioned at two opposite sides of the rock model 1, and the two LED illuminating lamps 3 are respectively positioned above the two opposite sides of the rock model 1;
the image processing device 7 comprises an image acquisition card 71 and a computer 72, wherein the image acquisition card 71 is respectively connected with each CCD camera 6, the images acquired by the two CCD cameras 6 are subjected to digital processing, and the image information after the digital processing is transmitted to the computer 72 for storage and analysis;
for the experiment, the rock model 1 was placed on the table of the drop hammer impact tester 2 with the weight above the piston rod 42; the two CCD cameras 6 and the two LED illuminating lamps 3 are turned on, so that the two CCD cameras 6 can clearly shoot images of the rock model 1 in the whole process, the two LED illuminating lamps 3 supplement light for shooting of the two CCD cameras 6, and shooting quality of each CCD camera 6 is improved; and starting the drop hammer type impact testing machine 2, hammering the piston mechanism by the heavy hammer, and performing an experiment of simulating impact load to apply pulse stress impact to the rock model 1.
Further, the rock model 1 is a transparent cube containing cracks, which is formed by 3D printing of transparent photosensitive resin materials.
Further, the diameter of the cylindrical cavity 12 is 50% of the minor axis length of the elliptical fracture cavity 11.
Further, the height of the trace particle fluid arranged in the cavity of the cylindrical cavity 12 reaches 1// 4-1/2 of the height of the cavity of the cylindrical cavity 12.
Further, the elliptical slit cavity 11 has a flat cavity structure.
Further, a circular piston cap 41 is provided at the upper end of the piston rod 42.
The experimental method of the rock fracture response visual simulation experimental system under the pulse dynamic water pressure is further included, and comprises the following steps:
(1) Placing and fixing a transparent crack-containing cube rock model 1 in the middle of a platform of a drop hammer type impact testing machine 2;
(2) Injecting a tracer particle fluid from the upper end opening of the cylindrical cavity 12 of the rock model 1, wherein the tracer particle fluid fills the elliptical fracture cavity 11 and the fractures of the plurality of microcracks 13, so that the tracer particle fluid reaches 1/3 of the cavity height of the cylindrical cavity 12;
(3) The cylinder cavity 12 of the rock model 1 is internally provided with a matched piston mechanism 4, the lower end of a piston 43 is pressed into the liquid level of trace particle fluid, the upper end of a piston rod 42 extends to the outside of the upper end of the cylinder cavity 12, and a piston cap 41 is positioned right below a heavy hammer of the drop hammer impact tester 2;
(4) CCD cameras 6 are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the rock model 1, and the positions of the CCD cameras 6 are adjusted according to the size of the rock model 1, so that the shooting area is covered on the whole and the shooting is clear;
(5) LED illuminating lamps 3 are respectively arranged above two opposite sides of the rock model, so that the light supplementing requirement of a CCD camera 6 is met, and the LED illuminating lamps 3 obliquely irradiate the rock model from above;
(6) The experimental device is debugged, the drop hammer type impact testing machine 2 is started after debugging is finished, so that a heavy hammer of the drop hammer type impact testing machine 2 hammers the piston cap 41 to form pulse stress on the rock model 1, trace particle fluid is driven to form unstable osmotic pressure, crack expansion on the rock model 1 is induced, and in the process, the CCD camera 6 performs whole-course shooting;
(7) The image acquisition card digitizes the image shot by the CCD camera 6 in the whole course and then transmits the image to the computer 72, and the computer 72 stores the image for analysis;
(8) The weight and the height of the drop hammer type impact testing machine 2 are adjusted to simulate different impact energy, and different pulse stress is formed on the rock model 1; after the test is completed, the deformation of the rock model 1 matrix and the crack expansion length and speed under the action of different impact energies are obtained through image comparison and by utilizing an image digitizing technology and a particle image velocimetry, and the surface deformation characteristic and the internal crack expansion characteristic of the rock model 1 under the pulse dynamic water pressure are tracked.
Further, the fluid of the trace particle fluid in the step (3) is water, and the trace particles meet the trace particle requirement of a water flow field, so that the trace particle fluid has good flow field following performance.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
(1) The rock model of the cube containing the cracks is formed by 3D printing of the transparent resin material to simulate the rock mass containing the cracks, and meanwhile, a drop hammer type impact tester is adopted to apply pulse dynamic load to the crack water body in the rock model to form pulse dynamic water pressure, so that crack expansion on the rock model is induced, and visual simulation of the response process of the rock mass containing the cracks under the action of dynamic crack water pressure caused by dynamic load such as blasting is realized.
(2) According to the invention, the whole response process of the fractured rock mass under the impact load effect can be recorded through the CCD camera high-speed photography, the image shot by the CCD in the whole process is digitally processed and then transmitted to the computer, and the computer is used for storing and analyzing the image, so that the effective recording and analysis of the visual simulation experiment of the rock fracture response under the impulse dynamic water pressure effect are realized.
(3) The invention can simulate different impact energies by controlling the weight and the height of the drop hammer impact tester, and obtain the deformation of the rock model matrix and the crack expansion length and speed under the action of different impact energies by utilizing an image digital technology (DIC) and a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The research on the multi-aspect response of the rock fracture under the action of different impact energy induced dynamic water pressure is realized, and meanwhile, the experimental analysis research result can provide scientific decision reference for the prediction, evaluation and control of seepage disasters under the dynamic stress of the rock mass.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the rock model of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a photographic trace of a dynamic crack propagation trace of a rock model under pulsed dynamic water pressure.
In the figure: 1-rock model; 2-drop hammer impact testing machine; 3-LED lighting lamp; 4-piston mechanism; 41-piston cap; 42-a piston rod; 43-piston; 11-elliptical fracture cavity; 12-a cylinder cavity; 13-microcracking; a 6-CCD camera; 7-an image processing device; 71-an image acquisition card; 72-computer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the detailed description is presented by way of example only and is not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
The rock fracture response visual simulation experiment system under the pulse dynamic water pressure comprises a rock model 1, a drop hammer type impact tester 2, a visual system and an image processing device 7.
The rock model 1 is a transparent cubic rock model 1 formed by 3D printing of transparent photosensitive resin materials, the side length is 40cm, a cylindrical cavity 12 with an open upper end is arranged in the middle of the rock model 1, the height of the cylindrical cavity 12 is 20cm, and the diameter is 5cm; the central axis of the cylindrical cavity 12 is coaxial with the vertical central axis of the cube; the lower end of the cylindrical cavity 12 corresponds to the interior of the rock model 1, an elliptical crack cavity 11 is arranged, the elliptical crack cavity 11 is of a flat cavity structure, and two ends of a long axis of the elliptical crack cavity 11 correspond to the interior of the rock model 1, and a plurality of microcracks 13 are arranged; the cavity of the cylindrical cavity 12 is communicated with the cavity of the elliptical fracture cavity 11.
A piston means 4 is arranged in the cylinder cavity 12 above the liquid level corresponding to the trace particle fluid, comprising a piston 43 and a piston rod 42, both the piston 43 and the piston rod 42 being made of a metallic material. The piston 43 is matched with the cavity of the cylinder cavity 12, the upper part of the piston rod 42 extends to the outside of the upper end of the cylinder cavity 12, and the upper end is fixedly connected with a circular piston cap 41. The length of the piston rod 42 ensures that the shaft does not fully enter the cavity of the cylinder under impact load, and the piston cap 41 is correspondingly positioned directly below the weight of the drop hammer impact tester 2. The drop hammer impact tester 2 can adjust the hammer weight and the drop hammer height to simulate the impact load to hammer the piston cap 41, and the piston rod 42 and the piston 43 transmit the load to induce the trace particle fluid to form the impulse water pressure on the rock model 1.
The elliptical cavity is horizontally arranged, the major axis of the elliptical fracture cavity 11 is 18cm long, the minor axis of the elliptical fracture cavity is 10cm long, and the thickness of the cavity is 2cm; the rock model 1 corresponding to the two ends of the long axis of the elliptical fracture cavity 11 is provided with 3 microcracks 13, and the length of each microcrack 13 is 4cm.
The visualization system comprises two CCD cameras 6 and two LED illuminating lamps 3, the two CCD cameras 6 can shoot images of the rock model 1 in the whole process, the two LED illuminating lamps 3 supplement light for each CCD camera 6, the two CCD cameras 6 are respectively positioned at the two LED illuminating lamps 3 on two opposite sides of the rock model 1, the two LED illuminating lamps 3 are respectively positioned above two opposite sides of the rock model 1, the light supplementing requirements of the CCD cameras 6 can be met, and the shooting quality of the CCD cameras 6 is improved.
The image processing device 7 comprises an image acquisition card 71 and a computer 72, the image acquisition card 71 is connected with the camera mechanism, the image acquired by the camera mechanism is subjected to digital processing, and the image information after digital processing is transmitted to the computer 72 for storage and calculation analysis.
For the experiment, the rock model 1 was placed on the table of the drop hammer impact tester 2 with the weight above the piston rod 42; the two CCD cameras 6 and the two LED illuminating lamps 3 are turned on, so that the two CCD cameras 6 can clearly shoot images of the rock model 1 in the whole process, the two LED illuminating lamps 3 supplement light for shooting of the two CCD cameras 6, and shooting quality of each CCD camera 6 is improved; and starting the drop hammer type impact testing machine 2, hammering the piston mechanism by the heavy hammer, and performing an experiment of simulating impact load to apply pulse stress impact to the rock model 1.
Example 2
Example 1 experimental method of rock fracture response visualization simulation experimental system under pulsed water pressure, comprising the following steps:
(1) The rock model 1 is placed in the middle of the platform of the drop hammer impact tester 2 and fixed.
(2) Injecting trace particle fluid into the upper end opening of the cylindrical cavity 12 of the rock model 1, wherein the trace particle fluid fills the elliptical fracture cavity 11 and the fractures of the plurality of microcracks 13, and the trace particle fluid reaches 5cm of the cavity height of the cylindrical cavity 12; the tracer particle fluid is water containing tracer particles and has good flow field following performance.
(3) The piston mechanism 4 is placed in the cylindrical cavity 12 of the rock model 1, the lower end of the piston 43 is pressed into the liquid level of the trace particle fluid, the upper end of the piston rod 42 extends out of the upper end opening of the cylindrical cavity 12, and the piston cap 41 is positioned right below the heavy hammer of the drop hammer impact tester 2.
(4) CCD cameras 6 are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the rock model 1, the positions of the CCD cameras 6 are adjusted according to the size of the rock model 1, so that the shooting area is covered on the whole surface and the shooting is clear, 10 ten thousand pictures can be shot by the CCD cameras 6 in one second, the CCD cameras 6 are 1/3' CCD8mm lenses, and the horizontal distance from the rock model 1 is 1m.
(5) The LED illuminating lamps 3 are respectively arranged above two opposite sides of the rock model 1, so that the LED illuminating lamps 3 obliquely irradiate the rock model 1 from above, and the light supplementing requirement of the CCD camera 6 is met.
(6) The experimental device is debugged, the drop hammer type impact testing machine 2 is started after debugging is finished, a hammer piston of the drop hammer type impact testing machine 2 forms pulse stress, the pulse stress impact energy is 50J, trace particle fluid is driven to form unsteady state osmotic pressure, crack expansion on the rock model 1 is induced, and in the process, each CCD camera 6 shoots in the whole process. Fig. 3 shows the expansion and change of microcracks 13 of the rock model 1 of 0-88 us.
(7) The image acquisition card 71 digitizes the images shot by the two CCD cameras in the whole process and stores the images in the computer 72 for processing, wherein the computer 72 is simultaneously connected with the two CCD cameras 6 to achieve the aim of synchronous control.
(8) The weight and the height of the drop hammer type impact testing machine 2 are adjusted to simulate different impact energy, and different pulse stress is formed on the rock model 1; after the test is completed, the deformation of the rock model 1 matrix and the crack expansion length and speed under the action of different impact energies are obtained through image comparison and by utilizing an image digital technology (DIC) and a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), and the surface deformation characteristic and the internal crack expansion characteristic of the rock model 1 under the action of impulse dynamic water pressure are tracked.
The above description is only specific embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any person skilled in the art and working in the field based on the above embodiments, without inventive effort, shall make changes or substitutions to the above embodiments, which shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The rock fracture response visual simulation experiment system under the pulse dynamic water pressure is characterized in that: comprises a rock model (1), an image acquisition device and an image processing device (7);
the rock model (1) is a transparent cube with cracks, a cylindrical cavity (12) with an open upper end is arranged in the middle of the upper part of the rock model (1), an elliptical crack cavity (11) is arranged in the middle of the rock model (1) corresponding to the lower end of the cylindrical cavity (12), and a plurality of microcracks (13) are arranged at two ends of the long axis of the elliptical crack cavity (11) corresponding to the inside of the rock model (1); the lower end of the cylinder cavity (12) is communicated with the elliptical fracture cavity (11); the cylinder cavity is internally provided with trace particle fluid, and a piston mechanism (4) is arranged above the liquid level of the trace particle fluid; the piston mechanism (4) comprises a piston (43) and a piston rod (42), and the upper part of the piston rod (42) extends to the outside of the upper end of the cylinder cavity (12);
the image acquisition device comprises two CCD cameras (6) and two LED illuminating lamps (3); the two CCD cameras (6) are respectively positioned at two opposite sides of the rock model (1), and the two LED illuminating lamps (3) are respectively positioned above the two opposite sides of the rock model (1);
the image processing device (7) comprises an image acquisition card (71) and a computer (72), wherein the image acquisition card (71) is respectively connected with each CCD camera (6), images acquired by the two CCD cameras (6) are subjected to digital processing, and the image information after the digital processing is transmitted to the computer (72) for storage and analysis;
when the device is used for experiments, a rock model (1) is placed on a workbench of a drop hammer type impact tester (2), and a heavy hammer is positioned above a piston rod (42); the two CCD cameras (6) and the two LED illuminating lamps (3) are turned on, so that the two CCD cameras (6) can clearly shoot images of the rock model (1) in the whole process, the two LED illuminating lamps (3) supplement light for shooting of the two CCD cameras (6), and shooting quality of each CCD camera (6) is improved; starting a drop hammer type impact testing machine (2), hammering a piston mechanism (4) by a heavy hammer, and performing an experiment of simulating impact load to apply pulse stress impact to a rock model (1);
the rock model (1) is a transparent cube containing cracks, which is formed by 3D printing of transparent photosensitive resin materials;
the diameter of the cylindrical cavity (12) is 50% of the short axis length of the elliptical fracture cavity (11);
the height of trace particle fluid arranged in the cavity of the cylindrical cavity (12) reaches 1// 4-1/2 of the height of the cavity of the cylindrical cavity (12);
the elliptical fracture cavity (11) is of a flat cavity structure;
the upper end of the piston rod (42) is provided with a round piston cap (41).
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the rock fracture response visualization simulation experiment system under pulsed dynamic water pressure comprises: comprises the steps of,
(1) Placing and fixing a transparent crack-containing cube rock model (1) in the middle of a drop hammer type impact testing machine (2) platform;
(2) Injecting a tracer particle fluid from the upper end opening of the cylindrical cavity (12) of the rock model (1), wherein the tracer particle fluid fills the elliptical fracture cavity (11) and the fractures of the plurality of microcracks (13), so that the tracer particle fluid reaches 1/3 of the cavity height of the cylindrical cavity (12);
(3) A matched piston mechanism (4) is placed in a cylindrical cavity (12) of the rock model (1), the lower end of a piston (43) is pressed into the liquid level of trace particle fluid, the upper end of a piston rod (42) extends to the outside of the upper end of the cylindrical cavity (12), and a piston cap (41) is positioned under a heavy hammer of the drop hammer type impact tester (2);
(4) CCD cameras (6) are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the rock model (1), and the positions of the CCD cameras (6) are adjusted according to the size of the rock model (1) so that the shooting area is covered with the whole shooting area and the shooting is clear;
(5) LED illuminating lamps (3) are respectively arranged above two opposite sides of the rock model (1), so that the light supplementing requirement of a CCD camera (6) is met, and the LED illuminating lamps (3) obliquely irradiate the rock model (1) from above;
(6) The method comprises the steps of debugging an experimental device, starting a drop hammer type impact testing machine (2) after debugging is finished, enabling a heavy hammer of the drop hammer type impact testing machine (2) to hammer a piston cap (41), forming pulse stress on a rock model (1), driving trace particle fluid to form unstable osmotic pressure, inducing crack expansion on the rock model (1) of a cube, and shooting by a CCD camera (6) in the whole process;
(7) The image acquisition card digitizes the image shot by the CCD camera (6) in the whole course and then transmits the image to the computer (72), and the image is stored by the computer (72) for analysis;
(8) The drop weight and the height of the drop weight type impact testing machine (2) are adjusted to simulate different impact energy, and different pulse stress is formed on the rock model (1); after the test is finished, the deformation of the matrix of the rock model (1) under the action of different impact energies and the crack expansion length and speed are obtained through image comparison and by utilizing an image digitizing technology and a particle image velocimetry, and the surface deformation characteristic and the internal crack expansion characteristic of the rock model (1) under the pulse dynamic water pressure are tracked.
3. The visual simulation experiment method for rock fracture response under pulsed dynamic water pressure according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fluid of the tracer particle fluid in the step (3) is water, and the tracer particles meet the requirements of the tracer particles of the water flow field, and have good flow field following performance.
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| CN112213202B (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2024-05-28 | 合肥工业大学 | Three-dimensional similar model device for visualization of internal fracture of rock mass |
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| CN108398321A (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2018-08-14 | 河北工业大学 | The three-dimensional rectangular crack of observation is destroyed and the experimental method and experimental provision of strain field |
| CN108645717A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-10-12 | 绍兴文理学院 | A kind of petrophysical model structural plane shearing test overall process method for visualizing |
| CN209727611U (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-12-03 | 合肥工业大学 | Pulse moves rock fracture under hydraulic pressure and responds visual Simulation experimental system |
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