CN106409349B - A kind of experimental system of sodium-cooled fast reactor fragment bed Formation and characteristics - Google Patents
A kind of experimental system of sodium-cooled fast reactor fragment bed Formation and characteristics Download PDFInfo
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- CN106409349B CN106409349B CN201610871371.6A CN201610871371A CN106409349B CN 106409349 B CN106409349 B CN 106409349B CN 201610871371 A CN201610871371 A CN 201610871371A CN 106409349 B CN106409349 B CN 106409349B
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C9/00—Emergency protection arrangements structurally associated with the reactor, e.g. safety valves provided with pressure equalisation devices
- G21C9/02—Means for effecting very rapid reduction of the reactivity factor under fault conditions, e.g. reactor fuse; Control elements having arrangements activated in an emergency
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
- Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of sodium-cooled fast reactor fragment bed Formation and characteristics experimental system, including stand for experiment, container for granule, particle conduit, visualized experiment container, particle release control device, visualize data acquisition module, ambient parameter detection module and decay heat simulative generator, container for granule and particle conduit support a variety of release bores and release altitude, experiment granular system includes a variety of unlike materials, the debris particle of shape and size, visualized experiment container is directed to two and three dimensions experimental design various sizes, particle release control device and visualization data acquisition module, whole IMAQ and storage can be synchronously carried out in experimentation.The present invention can be used for the formation mechenism of fuel droplets fragment bed in research and analysis sodium cooled fast reactor core disintegration accident process, and the present invention has experimentation visualization, quantification and qualification is combined, controllable experimental variable is more, operating principle is simple, is easy to extend and is stablized many advantages, such as safe.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems sodium-cooled fast reactor field, and spy is formed more particularly to a kind of sodium-cooled fast reactor fragment bed
The experimental system of property.
Background technology
Relative to second and third generation reactor, the 4th generation of technology such as nuclear energy system is a kind of with more preferable security, economic competition
Power, nuclear waste amount be few and the Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems that can effectively prevent nuclear proliferation.Sodium-cooled fast reactor has good propagation special because of it
Property and construction the abundantest and operating experience, it has also become " the No.1 seed hand " in the 4th generation of technology such as nuclear energy system in the world, generation
Table the development trend and frontline technology of Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems.But historical Chernobyl, Three Mile Island and Fukushima core
Accident warns us repeatedly, although the probability that major accident occurs for nuclear reactor is extremely low, once occurs just to be probably one
The calamity fatal, consequence is extremely serious.Therefore, the mechanism for sodium-cooled fast reactor occurring reactor core disassembly major accident is studied
Undoubtedly the long-term health development for ensureing the heap shape has vital meaning.Previously research is thought in the world, when sodium is cold
When core disassembly accident occurs for fast reactor, with the continuous development of accident, molten fuel will likely discharge from core region,
In the presence of coolant fluid sodium, molten fuel will be cooled and be frozen into fuel particle or fragment, and finally in reactor pressure
Container bottom settles and is piled into fuel droplets fragment bed.It is known that the factor for influenceing fragment bed cooling capacity is a lot, including
The factors such as power density, fragment bed height, porosity and particle size, shape and particle weight.Therefore, to fragment bed
Accumulation behavior studied for understand fragment bed initial physical property, and then try improve fragment bed cooling capacity and
The design for improving associated safety facility in reactor pressure vessel all has great importance.
REF01：Patent of invention《Grain bed measurement apparatus》（CN201410370526.9）Disclose a kind of grain bed measurement
Device.The device specifically includes high-speed camera, relieving mechanism, support, grain bed, hollow steel ball and small iron ball.The device
It is able to record and measures hollow steel ball and fall and hits the property to arch upward that smooth grain bed is formed.
REF02：Utility model patent《Apparatus for collecting core melt》（CN200820132803.2）Disclose a kind of sodium
Cooled fast reactor core melt collection device, including pallet, centre gangway, passage top cover, bearing support.The device alleviates primary tank
Base pressure, the cooling agent circulating cooling that is advantageous to, and can effectively avoid two subcritical.
But in place of the above-mentioned equal Shortcomings of each technical scheme, it is described as follows：
1. the invention described in REF01, the formation rule of grain bed shape in particle entirety dropping process is not concerned with,
Significant difference be present in the presence without liquid phase, the formation scene that fragment bed under reactor core severe accident conditions occurs with sodium-cooled fast reactor.
2. the invention described in REF02, set although providing a kind of machinery of sodium cooled fast reactor core melt collection device
Meter, but the key physical phenomenon such as accumulation behavior for fuel droplets fragment bed is not related to, therefore its design performance is good
Bad further experiment inspection of still needing.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of experimental system of sodium-cooled fast reactor fragment bed Formation and characteristics.The present invention is to reach
Purpose is stated, the technical scheme of use is：
A kind of sodium-cooled fast reactor fragment bed Formation and characteristics experimental system, including stand for experiment, container for granule, particle conduit, can
Depending on changing experiment container, particle release control device, the container for granule are placed in stand for experiment top, the particle release control device with
The container for granule, which matches, to be set, for controlling by being entered in container for granule by particle conduit in visualized experiment container
Amounts of particles, the container for granule, particle conduit, visualized experiment container, particle release control device are arranged at the experiment
On support.
Preferably, the particle release control device includes particle release control bar and pulley bracket, the particle release control
Bar processed is located at the particle outlet of the container for granule, and tail end is connected on pulley bracket, and the pulley bracket is arranged on experiment
Support.
Preferably, in addition to data acquisition module is visualized, for gathering the experimental data.
Preferably, in addition to isochronous controller, the isochronous controller connect particle release control bar and visualization respectively
Data acquisition module, for when controlling particle release control bar Synchronization Control visualization data acquisition module be operated.
Preferably, the stand for experiment is stainless steel structure, container for granule and particle release control for branch support
Device, both sides be designed with can ladder stand structure, support is design for disassembly.
Preferably, described container for granule, middle and upper part are circular cylindrical cavity, and bottom is conical bores and is provided with interface,
For connecting particle conduit, arcuate hand grip is provided with the container for granule.
Preferably, the visualized experiment container, is made of clear material, and container shapes are cuboid, square and circle
One kind in cylinder.
Preferably, the visualized container bottom is adjustable platform, for adjusting container bottom and particle catheter tip
Distance, the container bottom is also devised with bleed valve, the discharge for particle and container internal liquid.
Preferably, in addition to decay heat simulative generator, the decay heat simulative generator by gas release device, tracheae,
Flow velocity controller and gas cylinder composition, the gas release device are located at the bottom of the visualized experiment container, pass through tracheae
It is connected with flow velocity controller, gas cylinder is connected to by tracheae, flow velocity controller can be installed on support, Ke Yilian
Computer is connected to, can also be worked independently, for controlling the gas flow rate and flow of injection visualized experiment container.
Preferably, in addition to ambient parameter detection module, for time in record experimentation automatically in experimentation
With ambient parameter, and automatically save in memory, can be read and be analyzed by computer.
Compared with the prior art, the advantage of the invention is that：
1. it is wider to be applicable research range, the settling character of debris particle under study two-dimensional and three-dimensional condition can be not only used for
With fragment bed formation mechenism, simultaneously, additionally it is possible to the effect of decay heat is taken into full account in particle infall process, makes result of study more
To be comprehensive, the forming process of fragment bed during sodium-cooled fast reactor major accident can be more realistically reproduced.
2. studying parameter more fully, granular system of the present invention includes multiple material, density, shape and size, energy
Enough cover most size ranges of the granular debris formed during sodium cooled fast reactor core disintegration major accident.
3. having higher automaticity, the present invention provides manually and automatically particle releasing mechanism, while can trigger
Data acquisition module synchronizes collection, additionally it is possible to records ambient parameter automatically.
4. scalability is strong, the present invention can easily carry out two and three dimensions experiment, and decay thermal modules can root
Flexibly add or remove, safety and stability according to needing.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the experimental system agent structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that main body of the present invention cooperates with outside camera system；
Fig. 3 is the definition schematic diagram that fragment bed accumulates base angle；
Fig. 4 is the characteristic of certain the granuloplastic fragment bed base angle and particle size measured using the present invention
Experimental result.
Description of reference numerals：
1- stand for experiment；2- container for granule；3- particle release control bars；
4- pulley brackets 4；5- particle conduits；6- visualized experiment containers；
7- lifting platforms；8- isochronous controllers；9- ambient parameter detection modules；
10- gas release devices；11- flow velocity controllers；12- gas cylinders；
13- high-speed cameras；14- backlights；
Embodiment
The present invention is further detailed explanation with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.It should be appreciated that this place
The specific implementation of description is only used for explaining invention, is not used to limit utility model.
The application provides a kind of sodium-cooled fast reactor fragment bed Formation and characteristics experimental system.
A kind of experimental system of sodium-cooled fast reactor fragment bed Formation and characteristics, including stand for experiment 1, container for granule 2, particle conduit
5th, granular system, visualized experiment container 6, particle release control device, visualization data acquisition module, ambient parameter detection are tested
Module 9 and ring decay heat simulative generator.The stand for experiment 1 is stainless steel structure, the He of container for granule 2 for branch support
Particle discharges structure, both sides be designed as can ladder stand structure, facilitate operating personnel to be used when loading particle, support is detachably sets
Meter, height can be adjusted as needed；The container for granule 2, middle and upper part are circular cylindrical cavity, and bottom is conical bores, are used
, should for mobile or replacing in being provided with arcuate hand grip on the solid particle for placing various sizes, density, shape, container for granule 2
Container, the bottom of container for granule 2 is provided with interface, for connecting particle conduit 5；The upper end of particle conduit 5 is designed with unified size
Interface, it is connected with the container for granule 2, lower end is designed with different lengths and diameter according to requirement of experiment, for controlling particle to release
The bore and height put；The granular system include be not limited to lead, stainless steel, copper, aluminium, silver, gold, iron, glass, zirconium oxide,
Aluminum oxide etc. material, size are less than 2cm various balls, cylindricality and irregular shape, can cover sodium cooled fast reactor core solution
Most sizes of the granular debris formed during body major accident；The visualized experiment container 6, by transparent material system
Including being not limited to safety glass, lucite etc. into, transparent material, container shapes are cuboid, square and cylinder, its
Middle cuboid is used for two dimension（2D）Fragment bed forms experiment, and square and cylinder are used for three-dimensional（3D）Fragment bed forms experiment.
Container allows sizes specification, and maximum length is 1 meter, 0.6 meter of Breadth Maximum, 1.5 meters of maximum height.Visualized container bottom
For adjustable platform 7, for adjusting the distance of container bottom and the end of particle conduit 5（That is particle release altitude）.Container bottom
Bleed valve is also devised with, for the discharge of particle and container internal liquid, cell body is visualized by converting, can reach in two dimension
With the effect of three-dimensional experiment condition free extension.
The particle release control device, including particle release control bar 3, pulley bracket 4, isochronous controller 8, realize to
The automatically and manually control of grain release, wherein preferably, the pulley bracket 4 is inverted L shape pulley bracket（Containing pulley）, described
Grain release control bar 3 is at the particle outlet of the container for granule 2, and Front-end Design is taper, with the exit of container for granule 2
Taper agrees with, and tail end is connected to inverted L shape pulley bracket（Containing pulley）On, it is connected by cord with isochronous controller 8.The inverted L
Type pulley bracket is fixed on the top of stand for experiment 1, can dismantle.The isochronous controller 8, there is provided manual operation and automatic behaviour
Make two ways, manual operation pulls cord by experimenter, is automatically brought into operation by microprocessor control stepper motor, pulls thin
Rope, same time can only carry out one of which operation, and the result of two kinds of operations is by the particle release control bar 3 and particle
Container 2 separates, so as to discharge the particle in container for granule 2, meanwhile, also send trigger signal, triggering visualization data acquisition module
Block synchronizes data acquisition.
The visualization data acquisition module, including LED high brightness backlights lighting module and high-resolution high-speed camera；
The LED high brightness backlights lighting module is located at the rear of visualized experiment container 6, is mainly used in providing enough illumination, has
The stroboscopic function of frequency-adjustable, the high-resolution high speed camera are arranged on the front of visualized experiment container 6, are mainly used in remembering
Grain bed forming process and associated fluid motion phenomenon are recorded, by the way that video, the picture of camera record are imported meter
Calculation machine, handled, measured, and the related data with grain bed shape is obtained by graphical measurement program.
The ambient parameter detection module 9 in experimentation automatically record experimentation in time, room epidemic disaster and
The parameters such as tank water temperature, and automatically save in memory, it can be read and be analyzed by computer.
The ring decay heat simulative generator, by 12 groups of gas release device 10, tracheae, flow velocity controller 11 and gas cylinder
Into.The gas release device 10 is located at the bottom of the visualized experiment container 6, passes through tracheae and the phase of flow velocity controller 11
Even, gas cylinder 12 is connected to, flow velocity controller 11 is connected to computer, for controlling the gas of injection visualized experiment container 6
Rate of flow of fluid and flow, thus reach the different in flow rate and effect of flow steam caused by simulation decay heat.
Using the experimental system of sodium-cooled fast reactor fragment bed Formation and characteristics provided by the present invention, the experimental method bag realized
Include following steps：
Step 1：Particle release control rod is placed, particle is loaded in container for granule 2, particle is solid-state, and material is not
Limit, diameter are not more than 20mm；
Step 2：Selection particle conduit 5 is simultaneously installed to the lower section of container for granule 2, for controlling release altitude and the section of particle
Aperture；
Step 3：Visualized container is injected to certain water or other liquid on request（According to experiment demand）, regulation lifting
To experiment setting height；
Step 4：In the experiment of research decay fuel factor, by the ring decay heat simulative generator 10, hold to particle
The bottom of device 2 discharges the gas of preset flow and flow velocity；
Step 5：Start illumination, visualization data acquisition module, manually or automatically pull-up particle release control rod, is touched simultaneously
Hair visualization data acquisition module carries out automatic data logging；
Step 6：Analyzed according to the data of collection, summarize, draw corresponding conclusion.
Before experiment, particle release control bar 3 is placed at the particle outlet of container for granule 2, its tail end passes through cord, connection
It is connected onto inverted L shape pulley bracket, then with isochronous controller 8；The particle conduit 5 for testing the length-specific needed and diameter is pacified
It is attached to the bottom of container for granule 2；Visualized experiment container 6 is placed on above lifting platform 77, and adjusted to setting height；Empirically
Demand, a certain amount of water is injected to visualized experiment container 6, carries out decay thermal simulation experiment if desired, then needs to decline on ring
Heating simulative generator is put into the bottom of visualized experiment container 6, and it is gentle by tracheae to be connected to gas flow controller 11
On bottle 12；Ambient parameter detection module 9 being capable of automatic real-time measurement and the parameter such as recording room epidemic disaster and air pressure.It will take the photograph at a high speed
Camera 13 is placed on the above segment distance of visualized experiment container 6, after backlight 14 is placed on into visualized experiment container 6
Face, adjusts suitable brightness, and regulation high-speed camera 13 obtains a suitable observation visual field；By the triggering of high-speed camera 13
Line is connected to isochronous controller 8.Isochronous controller 8 provides manual operation and is automatically brought into operation two ways, and manual operation is by testing
Personnel pull cord, and particle release control bar 3 separates with container for granule 2, makes particles fall, while the high-speed camera 13 that sets out enters
Row shooting；It is automatically brought into operation by microprocessor control stepper motor, pulls cord, particle release control bar 3 divides with container for granule 2
From making particles fall, while trigger high-speed camera 13 and shot.Visualized experiment container 6 be designed with three peacekeeping two dimensions with
And different size cavities can be selected according to experiment demand.Consider decay heat experiment in, can manually or
The air inflow of computer regulated ring decay heat simulative generator simulates gas flow caused by decay heat.Particle after the completion of experiment
And cooling agent can be from the draining valve discharge of the lower section of visualized experiment container 6.
Embodiment 1：The base angle of grain bed is measured, and analyzes influence of the particle size to grain bed base angle
The particle that will be tested is loaded in container for granule 2, and now particle release control bar 3 agrees with container for granule 2
Particle is prevented to discharge；Needed to select suitable particle conduit 5 to be installed to the bottom of container for granule 2 according to experiment；According to experiment parameter
Needs, select and change suitable width and the visualized experiment container 6 of dimension, add the cooling agent of certain depth inside
（Water）.Fine rule is fixed into the top of particle release control bar 3, through inverted L shape pulley bracket 4, and is connected to particle release control device 8
On.Backlight 14 is opened, places high-speed camera 13, and video camera firing line is connected on particle release control device 8.Hand
Dynamic or software set, cord is pulled, particle release control bar 3 is departed from container for granule 2, particle begins to decline and gradually deposited
In visualized experiment container 6, video camera, which is synchronously triggered, to be started to shoot experimentation.Change is loaded in particle release device 3
Particle size, repeat more than operate.The video of video camera is imported computer and measures processing with image analysis software.
Fig. 4 is in this case, certain the granuloplastic grain bed base angle and the particle size that handle to obtain by computer graphics program
Characteristic.
Claims (1)
- A kind of 1. sodium-cooled fast reactor fragment bed Formation and characteristics experimental system, it is characterised in that including stand for experiment, container for granule, Grain conduit, visualized experiment container, particle release control device, the container for granule are placed in stand for experiment top, and the particle is released Controller is put to set with container for granule matching, it is real by entering visualization by particle conduit in container for granule for controlling The amounts of particles tested in container, the container for granule, particle conduit, visualized experiment container, particle release control device are respectively provided with In the stand for experiment；The particle release control device includes particle release control bar and pulley bracket, the particle release Control-rod is located at the particle outlet of the container for granule, and tail end is connected on pulley bracket, and the pulley bracket is arranged on reality Test on support；Also include visualization data acquisition module, for gathering experimental data；Also include isochronous controller, the synchronization Controller connects particle release control bar and visualization data acquisition module respectively, for same when controlling particle release control bar Step control visualization data acquisition module is operated, and the stand for experiment is stainless steel structure, the particle for branch support Container and particle release control device, both sides be designed with can ladder stand structure, stand for experiment is design for disassembly；Described particle holds Device, middle and upper part are circular cylindrical cavity, and bottom is conical bores and is provided with interface, and for connecting particle conduit, the particle holds Arcuate hand grip is provided with device, the visualized experiment container, is made of clear material, container shapes are cuboid, square With one kind in cylinder；The visualized experiment container bottom is adjustable platform, is led for adjusting container bottom with particle The distance of pipe end, the visualized experiment container bottom are also devised with bleed valve, the row for particle and container internal liquid Put, in addition to decay heat simulative generator, the decay heat simulative generator are controlled by gas release device, tracheae, flow velocity Device and gas cylinder composition, the gas release device are located at the bottom of the visualized experiment container, pass through tracheae and flow velocity control Device processed is connected, then is connected to gas cylinder by tracheae, and flow velocity controller is arranged in stand for experiment, for controlling injection visual Change the gas flow rate and flow of experiment container；Also include ambient parameter detection module, for automatic record experiment in experimentation During time and ambient parameter, and automatically save in memory, can be read and be analyzed by computer.
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| CN108665984A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-10-16 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of experimental provision studied fuel particle under lead base reactor disaster and migrate characteristic |
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