CN106409349A - Experimental system for forming characteristic of sodium-cooled fast reactor debris bed - Google Patents
Experimental system for forming characteristic of sodium-cooled fast reactor debris bed Download PDFInfo
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- CN106409349A CN106409349A CN201610871371.6A CN201610871371A CN106409349A CN 106409349 A CN106409349 A CN 106409349A CN 201610871371 A CN201610871371 A CN 201610871371A CN 106409349 A CN106409349 A CN 106409349A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C9/00—Emergency protection arrangements structurally associated with the reactor, e.g. safety valves provided with pressure equalisation devices
- G21C9/02—Means for effecting very rapid reduction of the reactivity factor under fault conditions, e.g. reactor fuse; Control elements having arrangements activated in an emergency
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The invention provides an experimental system for the forming characteristic of a sodium-cooled fast reactor debris bed. The experimental system comprises an experimental support, a particle container, a particle conduit, a visual experiment container, a particle release controller, a visual data acquisition module, an environmental parameter detection module and a decay heat simulating generator, wherein the particle container and the particle conduit support multiple release apertures and release heights, an experimental particle system comprises various debris particles with different materials, shapes and sizes, visual experimental containers with different sizes are designed for two-dimensional and three-dimensional experiments, and the particle release controller and the visual data acquisition module can acquire and store images synchronously in the whole experimental process. The experimental system can be applied to researching and analyzing the forming mechanism of the fuel particle debris bed in the sodium-cooled fast reactor core disassembly accident process. The experimental system has the advantages that the experimental process is visual, qualitative analysis is combined with quantitative analysis, multiple controllable experimental variables exist, the operation principle is simple, the system is easy to expand, stable and safe and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems sodium-cooled fast reactor field, more particularly to a kind of sodium-cooled fast reactor fragment bed forms spy
The experimental system of property.
Background technology
With respect to second and third generation reactor, the 4th generation of technology such as nuclear energy system is that one kind has more preferable security, economic competition
Power, nuclear waste amount be few and the Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems that can effectively prevent nuclear proliferation.Sodium-cooled fast reactor has good propagation spy because of it
Property and construction the abundantest and operating experience, it has also become " the seed hand " in the 4th generation of technology such as nuclear energy system in the world, generation
Development trend and the frontline technology of Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems by table.But historical Chernobyl, Three Mile Island and Fukushima core
Once accident repeatedly warns us although nuclear reactor occurs the probability of major accident extremely low, but occurs just to be probably one
The calamity fatal, consequence is extremely serious.Therefore, the mechanism to sodium-cooled fast reactor, reactor core disassembly major accident occurring is studied
Undoubtedly for the long-term health development ensureing this heap shape, there is vital meaning.Previously research is thought, when sodium is cold in the world
When fast reactor occurs core disassembly accident, with the continuous development of accident, molten fuel may discharge from core region,
In the presence of coolant fluid sodium, molten fuel will be cooled and be frozen into fuel particle or fragment, and finally in reactor pressure
Container bottom settles and is piled into fuel droplets fragment bed.It is known that the factor of impact fragment bed cooling capacity is a lot, including
Power density, fragment bed height, porosity and the factors such as particle size, shape and particle weight.Therefore, to fragment bed
Accumulation behavior is studied for the initial physical property understanding fragment bed, so manage to improve the cooling capacity of fragment bed and
The design improving associated safety facility in reactor pressure vessel all has great importance.
REF01：Patent of invention《Grain bed measurement apparatus》（CN201410370526.9）Disclose a kind of grain bed measurement
Device.This device specifically includes high-speed camera, relieving mechanism, support, grain bed, hollow steel ball and little iron ball.This device
It is able to record that and measures hollow steel ball to fall to clashing into the property arching upward that smooth grain bed is formed.
REF02：Utility model patent《Apparatus for collecting core melt》（CN200820132803.2）Disclose a kind of sodium
Cooled fast reactor core melt collection device, including pallet, centre gangway, passage top cover, bearing support.This device alleviates primary tank
Base pressure, be conducive to cooling agent circulating cooling, and it is subcritical to be prevented effectively from two.
But in place of the equal Shortcomings of above-mentioned each technical scheme, it is described as follows：
1. the invention described in REF01, is not concerned with the formation rule of grain bed shape in particle entirety dropping process, also aneroid
The presence of phase, there is significant difference in formation scene fragment bed under reactor core severe accident conditions occurring with sodium-cooled fast reactor.
2. the invention described in REF02 sets although providing a kind of machinery of sodium cooled fast reactor core melt collection device
Meter, but the key physical phenomenon such as accumulation behavior for fuel droplets fragment bed is not related to, and therefore its design performance is good
Bad further experiment inspection of still needing.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of experimental system of sodium-cooled fast reactor fragment bed Formation and characteristics.The present invention is to reach
State purpose, employed technical scheme comprise that：
A kind of sodium-cooled fast reactor fragment bed Formation and characteristics experimental system, including stand for experiment, container for granule, particle conduit, visualization
Experiment container, particle release control device, described container for granule are placed in stand for experiment top, described particle release control device with described
Container for granule matches setting, enters into particle in visualized experiment container by container for granule by particle conduit for controlling
Quantity, described container for granule, particle conduit, visualized experiment container, particle release control device are arranged at described stand for experiment
On.
Preferably, described particle release control device includes particle release control bar and pulley bracket, described particle release control
Bar processed is located at the particle outlet of described container for granule, and tail end is connected on pulley bracket, and described pulley bracket is arranged on experiment
Support.
Preferably, also include visualizing data acquisition module, for gathering described experimental data.
Preferably, also include isochronous controller, described isochronous controller connects particle release control bar and visualization respectively
Data acquisition module, is operated for the Synchronization Control visualization data acquisition module when controlling particle release control bar.
Preferably, described stand for experiment is stainless steel structure, for propping up container for granule and the particle release control of support
Device, both sides be designed with can ladder stand structure, support be design for disassembly.
Preferably, described container for granule, middle and upper part is circular cylindrical cavity, and bottom is conical bores and is provided with interface,
For connecting particle conduit, described container for granule is provided with arcuate hand grip.
Preferably, described visualized experiment container, is made of clear material, and container shapes are cuboid, square and circle
One of cylinder.
Preferably, described visualized container bottom is adjustable platform, for adjusting container bottom and particle catheter tip
Distance, described container bottom is also devised with bleed valve, for the discharge of particle and container internal liquid.
Preferably, also include decay heat simulative generator, described decay heat simulative generator by gas release device, tracheae,
Flow velocity controller and gas cylinder composition, described gas release device is located at the bottom of described visualized experiment container, by tracheae
It is connected with flow velocity controller, gas cylinder is connected to by tracheae, flow velocity controller can be installed on support, Ke Yilian
It is connected to computer it is also possible to work independently, for controlling gas flow rate and the flow of injection visualized experiment container.
Preferably, also include ambient parameter detection module, for automatically recording the time in experimentation in experimentation
With ambient parameter, and automatically save in memory, can be read by computer and be analyzed.
Compared with the prior art, it is an advantage of the current invention that：
1. it is suitable for research range wider, can be not only used under study two-dimensional and three-dimensional condition the settling character of debris particle and broken
Piece bed formation mechenism, simultaneously additionally it is possible to take into full account the effect of decay heat in particle infall process, makes result of study more complete
Face, can more realistically reproduce the forming process of fragment bed during sodium-cooled fast reactor major accident.
2. more fully, granular system of the present invention includes multiple material, density, shape and size, energy to research parameter
Most size ranges of the granular debris being formed during enough covering sodium cooled fast reactor core disintegration major accident.
3. there is higher automaticity, the present invention provides manually and automatically particle releasing mechanism, can trigger simultaneously
Data acquisition module synchronizes collection additionally it is possible to automatically record ambient parameter.
4. extensibility is strong, and the present invention easily can carry out two and three dimensions experiment, and the thermal modules that decay can root
Flexibly add according to needing or remove, safety and stability.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the experimental system agent structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of main body of the present invention and outside camera system collaborative work；
Fig. 3 piles up the definition schematic diagram at base angle for fragment bed；
Fig. 4 is the characteristic experiment of certain the granuloplastic fragment bed base angle and particle size being recorded using the present invention
Result.
Description of reference numerals：
1- stand for experiment；2- container for granule；3- particle release control bar；
4- pulley bracket 4；5- particle conduit；6- visualized experiment container；
7- lifting platform；8- isochronous controller；9- ambient parameter detection module；
10- gas release device；11- flow velocity controller；12- gas cylinder；
13- high-speed camera；14- backlight；
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further detailed explanation with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.It should be appreciated that this place
Description be embodied as be only used for explain invention, be not used to limit invention.
The application provides a kind of sodium-cooled fast reactor fragment bed Formation and characteristics experimental system.
A kind of experimental system of sodium-cooled fast reactor fragment bed Formation and characteristics, including stand for experiment 1, container for granule 2, particle conduit
5th, experiment granular system, visualized experiment container 6, particle release control device, visualization data acquisition module, ambient parameter detection
Module 9 and ring decay heat simulative generator.Described stand for experiment 1 is stainless steel structure, for container for granule 2 He of a support
Particle discharge structure, both sides be designed as can ladder stand structure, facilitate operating personnel load particle when use, support be detachably set
Meter, can adjust height as needed；Described container for granule 2, middle and upper part is circular cylindrical cavity, and bottom is conical bores, uses
In the solid particle placing various sizes, density, shape, container for granule 2 is provided with arcuate hand grip, should for mobile or replacing
Container, container for granule 2 bottom is provided with interface, for connecting particle conduit 5；Described particle conduit 5 upper end is designed with unified size
Interface, is connected with described container for granule 2, lower end is designed with different lengths and diameter according to requirement of experiment, for controlling particle to release
The bore put and height；Described granular system include being not limited to lead, stainless steel, copper, aluminium, silver, gold, iron, glass, zirconium oxide,
Aluminum oxide etc. material, is smaller in size than the various balls of 2cm, cylindricality and irregularly shaped, can cover sodium cooled fast reactor core solution
Most sizes of the granular debris being formed during body major accident；Described visualized experiment container 6, by transparent material system
Become, transparent material includes being not limited to safety glass, lucite etc., container shapes are cuboid, square and cylinder, its
Middle cuboid is used for two dimension（2D）Fragment bed forms experiment, and square and cylinder are used for three-dimensional（3D）Fragment bed forms experiment.
Container allows sizes specification, and maximum length is 1 meter, 0.6 meter of Breadth Maximum, 1.5 meters of maximum height.Visualized container bottom
For adjustable platform 7, for adjusting the distance of container bottom and particle conduit 5 end（I.e. particle release altitude）.Container bottom
It is also devised with bleed valve, for the discharge of particle and container internal liquid, by conversion visualization cell body, can reach in two dimension
Effect with the extension of three-dimensional experiment condition free.
Described particle release control device, including particle release control bar 3, pulley bracket 4, isochronous controller 8, realize to
The automatically and manually control of grain release, wherein preferably, described pulley bracket 4 is inverted L shape pulley bracket（Containing pulley）, described
Grain release control bar 3 is located at the particle outlet of described container for granule 2, and Front-end Design is taper, with container for granule 2 exit
Taper agrees with, and tail end is connected to inverted L shape pulley bracket（Containing pulley）On, it is connected with isochronous controller 8 by cord.Described inverted L
Type pulley bracket is fixed on the top of stand for experiment 1, can dismantle.Described isochronous controller 8, provides artificial operation and automatic behaviour
Make two ways, artificial operation pulls cord by experimenter, be automatically brought into operation by microprocessor control stepper motor, pull thin
Rope, the same time can only carry out one of which operation, and the result of two kinds of operations is all by described particle release control bar 3 and particle
Container 2 separates, thus discharging the particle in container for granule 2, meanwhile, also sends trigger, triggering visualization data acquisition module
Block synchronizes data acquisition.
Described visualization data acquisition module, including LED high brightness backlights lighting module and high-resolution high-speed camera；
Described LED high brightness backlights lighting module is located at visualized experiment container 6 rear, is mainly used in providing enough illumination, has
The stroboscopic function of frequency-adjustable, described high-resolution high speed camera is arranged on visualized experiment container 6 dead ahead, is mainly used in remembering
Record grain bed forming process and associated fluid motion phenomenon, by importing meter the video of camera record, picture
Calculation machine, carries out processing, measures, and obtains the related data with grain bed shape by graphical measurement program.
Described ambient parameter detection module 9 in experimentation automatically the time in record experimentation, room epidemic disaster and
The parameters such as tank water temperature, and automatically save in memory, can be read by computer and be analyzed.
Described ring decay heat simulative generator, by gas release device 10, tracheae, flow velocity controller 11 and 12 groups of gas cylinder
Become.Described gas release device 10 is located at the bottom of described visualized experiment container 6, by tracheae and flow velocity controller 11 phase
Even, it is connected to gas cylinder 12, flow velocity controller 11 is connected to computer, for controlling the gas of injection visualized experiment container 6
Rate of flow of fluid and flow, thus reach the effect of different in flow rate and flow steam produced by simulation decay heat.
Using the experimental system of sodium-cooled fast reactor fragment bed Formation and characteristics provided by the present invention, the experimental technique bag realized
Include following steps：
Step 1：Place particle release control rod, particle is loaded in container for granule 2, particle is solid-state, material does not limit, directly
Footpath is not more than 20mm；
Step 2：Select particle conduit 5 and be installed to below container for granule 2, for controlling release altitude and the section holes of particle
Footpath；
Step 3：Visualized container is injected on request certain water or other liquid（According to experiment demand）, adjust to rise and be down to reality
Test setting height；
Step 4：In the experiment of research decay fuel factor, by described ring decay heat simulative generator 10, to container for granule 2 bottom
Portion discharges the gas of preset flow and flow velocity；
Step 5：Start illumination, visualization data acquisition module, manually or automatically pull-up particle release control rod, triggering can simultaneously
Carry out automatic data logging depending on changing data acquisition module；
Step 6：It is analyzed according to the data of collection, summarize, draw corresponding conclusion.
Before experiment, particle release control bar 3 is placed at the particle outlet of container for granule 2, its tail end passes through cord, connects
To on inverted L shape pulley bracket, then it is connected with isochronous controller 8；The length-specific that need experiment and the particle conduit 5 of diameter are pacified
It is attached to container for granule 2 bottom；Visualized experiment container 6 is placed on above lifting platform 77, and adjusts to setting height；Empirically
Demand, injects a certain amount of water to visualized experiment container 6, carries out the thermal simulation experiment that decays if necessary, then needs ring declines
Heating simulative generator is put into the bottom of visualized experiment container 6, and it is gentle to be connected to gas flow controller 11 by tracheae
On bottle 12；Ambient parameter detection module 99 being capable of the parameter such as automatic real-time measurement recording room epidemic disaster and air pressure.High speed is taken the photograph
Camera 13 is placed on a visualized experiment container 6 above segment distance, and backlight 14 is placed on after visualized experiment container 6
Face, adjusts suitable brightness, adjusts high-speed camera 13 and obtains a suitable observation visual field；Triggering by high-speed camera 13
Line is connected to isochronous controller 8.Isochronous controller 8 provides and manually operates and be automatically brought into operation two ways, and artificial operation is by testing
Personnel pull cord, and particle release control bar 3 is separated with container for granule 2, makes particles fall, and the high-speed camera 13 that simultaneously sets out enters
Row shoots；It is automatically brought into operation by microprocessor control stepper motor, pull cord, particle release control bar 3 and 2 points of container for granule
From, make particles fall, simultaneously triggering high-speed camera 13 shot.Visualized experiment container 6 be designed with three peacekeepings two dimension with
And different size cavity can be selected according to experiment demand.Consider decay heat experiment in, can manually or
The air inflow of computer regulated ring decay heat simulative generator is simulating gas flow produced by decay heat.Particle after the completion of experiment
And cooling agent can discharge from the draining valve of visualized experiment container 6 lower section.
Embodiment 1：The base angle of measurement grain bed, and analyze the impact to grain bed base angle for the particle size
The particle that will be tested is loaded in container for granule 2, and now particle release control bar 3 and container for granule 2 agree with prevention
Particle discharges；Need to select suitable particle conduit 5 to be installed to container for granule 2 bottom according to experiment；Need according to experiment parameter
Will, select and change the visualized experiment container 6 of suitable width and dimension, add the cooling agent of certain depth inside（Water）.
Fine rule is fixed particle release control bar 3 top, through inverted L shape pulley bracket 4, and is connected on particle release control device 8.Beat
Open backlight 14, place high-speed camera 13, and video camera firing line is connected on particle release control device 8.Manually or
Person's software set, pulls cord, makes particle release control bar 3 depart from container for granule 2, particle begins to decline and is gradually deposited at can
Depending on changing in experiment container 6, video camera is synchronously triggered and starts to shoot experimentation.Change be loaded in particle release device 3
Particle size, repeats above operation.The video of video camera is imported computer and measures process with image analysis software.Fig. 4
For, in the case of this, processing the pass at certain the granuloplastic grain bed base angle obtaining and particle size by computer graphics program
It is characteristic curve.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of sodium-cooled fast reactor fragment bed Formation and characteristics experimental system it is characterised in that include stand for experiment, container for granule,
Grain conduit, visualized experiment container, particle release control device, described container for granule are placed in stand for experiment top, and described particle is released
Put controller and described container for granule to match setting, for control by pass through in container for granule particle conduit enter into but change in fact
Test the amounts of particles in container, described container for granule, particle conduit, visualized experiment container, particle release control device are respectively provided with
In described stand for experiment.
2. sodium-cooled fast reactor fragment bed Formation and characteristics experimental system according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described particle is released
Put controller and include particle release control bar and pulley bracket, described particle release control bar is located at the particle of described container for granule
Exit, tail end is connected on pulley bracket, and described pulley bracket is arranged on stand for experiment.
3. sodium-cooled fast reactor fragment bed Formation and characteristics experimental system according to claim 2 is it is characterised in that also include visual
Change data acquisition module, for gathering described experimental data.
4. sodium-cooled fast reactor fragment bed Formation and characteristics experimental system according to claim 3 is it is characterised in that also include synchronization
Controller, described isochronous controller connects particle release control bar and visualization data acquisition module respectively, in control
During grain release control bar, Synchronization Control visualization data acquisition module is operated.
5. sodium-cooled fast reactor fragment bed Formation and characteristics experimental system according to claim 4 is it is characterised in that described experiment is propped up
Frame is stainless steel structure, the container for granule for support and particle release control device, both sides be designed with can ladder stand structure,
Support is design for disassembly.
6. sodium-cooled fast reactor fragment bed Formation and characteristics experimental system according to claim 5 is it is characterised in that described particle
Container, middle and upper part is circular cylindrical cavity, and bottom is conical bores and is provided with interface, for connecting particle conduit, described particle
Arcuate hand grip is provided with container.
7. sodium-cooled fast reactor fragment bed Formation and characteristics experimental system according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described visualization
Experiment container, is made of clear material, and container shapes are one of cuboid, square and cylinder.
8. sodium-cooled fast reactor fragment bed Formation and characteristics experimental system according to claim 7 is it is characterised in that described visualization
Container bottom is adjustable platform, and for adjusting the distance of container bottom and particle catheter tip, described container bottom also designs
There is bleed valve, for the discharge of particle and container internal liquid.
9. sodium-cooled fast reactor fragment bed Formation and characteristics experimental system according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that also include decaying
Thermal simulation generator, described decay heat simulative generator is made up of gas release device, tracheae, flow velocity controller and gas cylinder,
Described gas release device is located at the bottom of described visualized experiment container, is connected with flow velocity controller by tracheae, then leads to
Cross tracheae and be connected to gas cylinder, flow velocity controller is rack-mount, for controlling the gas of injection visualized experiment container
Flow velocity and flow.
10. sodium-cooled fast reactor fragment bed Formation and characteristics experimental system according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that also include ring
Border parameter detection module, for automatically recording time and ambient parameter in experimentation in experimentation, and is automatically saved in
In memory, can be read by computer and be analyzed.
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| CN106992028A (en) * | 2017-04-05 | 2017-07-28 | 中山大学 | The experimental system visualizing of molten fuel pond slosh during sodium-cooled fast reactor major accident |
| CN107016913A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-08-04 | 中山大学 | The experimental system that a kind of sodium-cooled fast reactor molten fuel pond fuel interacts with cooling agent |
| CN107331425A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-11-07 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of fused mass and the pilot system and method for liquid metal repercussion study |
| CN107331425B (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2018-07-03 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of fusant and the pilot system and method for liquid metal repercussion study |
| CN108492897A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-09-04 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of visual experimental apparatus of research nuclear reactor fuel rod pre-arcing characterisitics |
| CN108665984A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-10-16 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of experimental provision studied fuel particle under lead base reactor disaster and migrate characteristic |
| CN109087718A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2018-12-25 | 中山大学 | The experimental system visualizing of reactor core fusant fragmentation behavior when sodium-cooled fast reactor major accident |
| CN109087718B (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2021-12-31 | 中山大学 | Visual experiment system for reactor core molten matter fragmentation behavior in severe accident of sodium-cooled fast reactor |
| CN109785909A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-05-21 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of sodium-cooled fast reactor fragment bed migration mechanism model |
| CN114692527A (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2022-07-01 | 西安交通大学 | Sodium-cooled fast reactor fragment bed migration criterion method |
| CN114692527B (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2023-12-19 | 西安交通大学 | Sodium-cooled fast reactor fragment bed migration criterion method |
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