CN108828457B - Battery thermal runaway experimental device and system thereof - Google Patents
Battery thermal runaway experimental device and system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108828457B CN108828457B CN201810842382.0A CN201810842382A CN108828457B CN 108828457 B CN108828457 B CN 108828457B CN 201810842382 A CN201810842382 A CN 201810842382A CN 108828457 B CN108828457 B CN 108828457B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4285—Testing apparatus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The application relates to a battery thermal runaway experimental device, which comprises a box body, a local heater and a heat conductor. The local heater is arranged in the box body. The heat conductor is arranged in the box body. The heat conductor is attached to the heater. At least one surface of the heat conductor is of an arc-shaped structure. The battery thermal runaway device provided by the application can simulate a local thermal runaway actual scene more truly, so that the accuracy of a to-be-tested battery thermal runaway experimental result is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of battery safety, in particular to a battery thermal runaway experimental device and a system thereof.
Background
With the development of science and technology, power batteries have become common articles in daily life and production. The power battery is easy to cause thermal runaway under certain induction factors, so that safety accidents are caused. Therefore, it has become an important issue to study the thermal runaway process of the power battery.
At present, people study the thermal runaway process of a battery, mainly by using an acceleration calorimeter (ARC), an adiabatic reaction thermal energy tester (VSP 2), a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), a cone calorimeter and other instruments, to simulate the thermal runaway scene of the power battery, and study the characteristics of the power battery such as heat generation, air injection and combustion in the thermal runaway process.
However, the experimental instruments and the experimental methods are greatly different from the actual scene, and the problem of poor simulation accuracy of the scene of thermal runaway of the power battery exists.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a thermal runaway experimental apparatus for a battery and a system thereof.
A battery thermal runaway experimental apparatus, comprising:
a box body;
the local heater is arranged in the box body;
the heat conductor is arranged in the box body and is attached to the heater, and at least one surface of the heat conductor is of an arc-shaped structure.
In one embodiment, the battery thermal runaway experimental apparatus further includes:
the guide rail is arranged in the box body;
the connecting rod is arranged in the box body, connected between the guide rail and the heat conductor and capable of sliding along the guide rail.
In one embodiment, the battery thermal runaway experimental device further comprises a uniform heater arranged in the box body, and the uniform heater and the local heater are arranged at intervals and oppositely.
In one embodiment, the battery thermal runaway experimental apparatus further includes:
and the air circulating device is arranged in the box body and used for changing the air flow direction in the box body, so that the heat in the box body is uniform.
In one embodiment, the uniform heater is a planar structure, the air circulation device is arranged opposite to the uniform heater at a spacing, and the uniform heater is arranged between the air circulation device and the local heating device.
In one embodiment, the battery thermal runaway experimental device further comprises a pressure regulating device arranged in the box body and used for regulating the internal pressure of the box body.
In one embodiment, the pressure regulating device includes:
the first gas channel is communicated with the box body and is used for the circulation of gas;
and the air pump is connected with the box body through the first air channel and is used for filling air into the box body or pumping air out of the box body.
In one embodiment, the battery thermal runaway experimental apparatus further includes:
and the second gas channel is communicated with the box body and is used for gas circulation.
In one embodiment, the second gas passage comprises:
and the valve is arranged in the second gas channel and used for controlling the opening and the closing of the second gas channel.
In one embodiment, the battery thermal runaway experimental device further comprises a safety valve arranged in the box body and used for relieving pressure.
The battery thermal runaway experimental apparatus provided by the embodiment of the application comprises a box body, a local heater and a heat conductor. The local heater is arranged in the box body. The heat conductor is arranged in the box body. The heat conductor is attached to the heater. At least one surface of the heat conductor is of an arc-shaped structure. The tangent point of the arc-shaped structural surface can be in point contact with the battery to be tested, so that the contact point is reduced, the thermal runaway trigger point is reduced, the simulation of a local thermal runaway actual scene is more real, and the accuracy of the thermal runaway experimental result of the battery to be tested is improved.
A battery thermal runaway experimental system, comprising:
the thermal runaway experimental device for the battery as described in any one of the above;
the measuring device is connected with the battery thermal runaway experimental device and is used for measuring data;
and the data analysis device is connected with the measuring device and used for acquiring the data measured by the measuring device and carrying out analysis processing.
In one embodiment, the battery thermal runaway experiment system further comprises a display device connected with the data analysis device and used for displaying the data analysis processing result.
The battery thermal runaway experimental system that this application embodiment provided includes battery thermal runaway experimental apparatus measuring device with data analysis device. The battery thermal runaway experimental device can improve the accuracy of simulation of a local thermal runaway actual scene of the battery, so that the accuracy of the experiment is improved. The experimental result of the battery thermal runaway experimental system provided by the embodiment of the application has great guiding significance on the safety design of the battery.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental apparatus for testing thermal runaway of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an experimental apparatus for testing thermal runaway of a battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an experimental apparatus for testing thermal runaway of a battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a top view of an experimental apparatus for testing thermal runaway of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an experimental apparatus for testing thermal runaway of a battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of an experimental apparatus for testing thermal runaway of a battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an experimental apparatus for testing thermal runaway of a battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery thermal runaway test experiment system according to an embodiment of the present application.
Description of the reference numerals
Battery thermal runaway experimental system 1
Battery thermal runaway experimental device 10
Sealing door 110
Measuring device 20
First temperature testing device 21
Second temperature testing device 22
First pressure testing device 23
Second pressure testing device 24
Battery to be tested 50
Holding tray 52
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the following describes the solar chip battery inspection apparatus in further detail by embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
The numbering of the components as such, e.g., "first", "second", etc., is used herein only to distinguish the objects as described, and does not have any sequential or technical meaning. The term "connected" and "coupled" when used in this application, unless otherwise indicated, includes both direct and indirect connections (couplings). In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present application and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be considered as limiting the present application.
In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through intervening media. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an embodiment of the present application provides a battery thermal runaway experimental apparatus 10, which includes a box 100, a heating device 200, and a pressure regulating device 800. The pressure adjusting device 800 is disposed in the box 100, and is used for adjusting the pressure inside the box 100.
The battery thermal runaway experimental device 10 can be applied to thermal runaway experiments of batteries which can generate thermal runaway. The battery is a secondary battery. The battery may be a lithium battery. It is understood that the application of the battery thermal runaway experimental device 10 is not limited to the battery thermal runaway test, and can also be applied to other scenes with the same application requirements.
The box 100 is used for placing the battery 50 to be tested. The shape, size, material and specification of the box 100 can be selected according to actual needs. The case 100 may be a sealed case. The cabinet 100 may include a sealing door 110. The sealing door 110 is disposed at one side of the case 100. The sealing door 110 may be lined with a high temperature resistant silicone gasket to seal the tank 100. The sealing door 110 may further include a viewing window 111. The observation window 111 may be made of a light-transmitting material, and is used for observing the condition inside the box 100. For example, the material of the observation window 111 may be quartz glass. One side of the observation window 111 in the box body 100 can be provided with a film, so that the observation window 111 can be cleaned conveniently after a test. When the observation window 111 is made of a light-transmitting material, an image acquisition device 60 may be further disposed outside the observation window 111. The image capturing device 60 is used to record the experimental phenomenon inside the box 100 during the experiment. The image capturing device 60 may be a camera or a video camera.
In one embodiment, the case 100 is a cube. The box body 100 is made of high temperature and high pressure resistant materials. A sealing door 110 is provided at one side of the case 100. The sealing door 110 is provided with a viewing window 111. A camera is arranged outside the observation window 111. The battery 50 to be tested is placed inside the case 100. For the convenience of experiment, the battery 50 to be tested may be spaced apart from the case 100 by a battery bracket 51. The battery 50 to be tested may be contained in a holding tray 52. The tray 52 is disposed on the battery holder 51. In order to prevent the battery 50 to be tested from erupting in the experiment or prevent the explosion of the battery 50 to be tested from damaging the inside of the box 100 after thermal runaway, a protective cover 53 may be further disposed at the top end of the containing tray 52. The shield 53 may be a wire mesh.
The heating device 200 is disposed inside the case 100. The heating device 200 is used for heating, so as to increase the temperature of the battery 50 to be tested, and further study the thermal runaway behavior of the battery 50 to be tested. The heating device 200 may be a uniform heating device or a local heating device. The heating device 200 may be an electric heating wire, a quartz heating tube, an electric heating rod, a laser heater, or the like. The heating device 200 may be disposed at any position within the cabinet 100 as needed. The heating device 200 may be disposed inside the case 100 by a bracket, or may be suspended inside the case 100 by a connecting rod or the like. The connection between the heating device 200 and the box 100 may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. The specific structure, model, placement position, connection mode with the box 100, etc. of the heating device 200 can be selected according to actual experimental requirements, and the application is not specifically limited.
The pressure adjusting means 800 is a means that can increase the pressure inside the case 100 or decrease the pressure inside the case 100. The pressure regulating device 800 may have a variety of options. The pressure adjusting means 800 may change the pressure inside the tank 100, thereby adjusting the pressure inside the tank 100. Through the pressure device 800, the box 100 can simulate the thermal runaway behavior of the battery 50 to be tested at different altitudes. Compared with the prior art, the battery thermal runaway experimental device 10 provided by the embodiment of the application increases the simulation of pressure change, and therefore, the accuracy of the thermal runaway actual scene simulation of the battery 50 to be tested is improved, and the accuracy of the experiment is improved.
In one embodiment, the pressure regulating device 800 includes a first gas channel 300 and a gas pump 400. The first gas passage 300 communicates with the case 100 for the circulation of gas. The air pump 400 is connected to the case 100 through the first gas passage 300. The air pump 400 is used to fill air into the case 100 or to draw air out of the case 100.
The first gas channel 300 may be a pipe. The material, the model and the like of the pipeline are not limited and can be selected according to actual requirements. Specifically, a mounting hole may be opened at one side of the case 100 for mounting the first gas channel 300. The size of the mounting hole matches the size of the first gas channel 300 to ensure that the first gas channel 300 communicates with the case 100. One end of the first gas channel 300 is communicated with the case 100, and the other end of the first gas channel 300 is connected with the air pump 400. The first gas channel 300 may also be provided with a switch or valve for controlling the opening and closing of the first gas channel 300. The air pump 400 is used to inject air into the case 100 or to pump air out of the case 100. The specific specification, model, etc. of the air pump 400 are not limited as long as the air pump can be connected to the case 100 through the first air passage 300 and can fill air into the case 100 or pump air out of the case 100.
The process and the principle of using the battery thermal runaway experimental device 10 to perform the thermal runaway experiment on the battery 50 to be tested are as follows:
after the battery 50 to be tested and the heating device 200 are placed in the box 100, the sealing door 110 is closed. The air pump 400 is used to charge air into or discharge air from the case 100, thereby changing the pressure in the case 100. Heating by the heating device 200 until thermal runaway of the battery 50 to be tested is initiated. The thermal runaway behavior of the cell 50 under test at different gas pressures was studied. The thermal runaway behavior characteristics under different gas pressures can be used to characterize the thermal runaway characteristics of the battery 50 under test at different altitudes in actual situations.
In this embodiment, the battery thermal runaway experiment device 10 includes the box 100, the heating device 200, the first gas channel 300, and the air pump 400. The first gas passage 300 communicates with the case 100 for the circulation of gas. The air pump 400 is connected to the case 100 through the first air passage 300, and is used to fill air into the case 100 or to draw air out of the case 100. The pressure change in the tank 100 is accomplished by the cooperation of the first gas passage 300 and the gas pump 400. The battery 50 to be tested is heated by the heating device 200, so that the thermal runaway behavior characteristics of the battery 50 to be tested at different altitudes and different pressures are simulated. Compared with the prior art, the battery thermal runaway experimental device 10 provided by the embodiment of the application increases the simulation of pressure change, and therefore, the accuracy of the simulation of the thermal runaway actual scene of the battery 50 to be tested is improved, and the accuracy of the experiment is further improved. The experimental result of the experimental experiment performed by the battery thermal runaway experimental device 10 provided by the application has great guiding significance for the safety design of the battery.
In one embodiment, the battery thermal runaway experimental device 10 may also include a second gas channel 500. The second gas passage 500 communicates with the case 100 for the circulation of gas. The second gas channel 500 may be a pipe. The material, the model and the like of the pipeline are not limited and can be selected according to actual requirements. Specifically, one side of the box 100 may be provided with a mounting hole. The mounting hole is used for mounting the second gas channel 500. The size of the mounting hole is matched with the size of the second gas channel 500 to ensure that the second gas channel 500 is communicated with the case 100. The second air path 500 may be used for inflow of external air into the case 100 and outflow of air from the case 100.
When the sealing door 110 is sealed, the second air passage 500 is kept open, and air is injected into the case 100 through the air pump 400 and the first air passage 300. The air in the case 100 flows out through the second gas channel 500. The air inside the case 100 generates convection. By adjusting the power of the air pump 400, the speed of the air pump 400 injecting air into the box 100 is changed, so that the convection velocity of air in the box 100 can be changed, and the air speed ratio in the box 100 can be changed. The battery thermal runaway experimental device 10 provided by this embodiment can simulate the thermal runaway behavior characteristics of the battery 50 to be tested at different airspeed ratios, and accurately simulate the thermal runaway behavior of the battery 50 to be tested in different wind speeds or vehicle speeds and other scenes in practical application. The battery thermal runaway experimental apparatus 10 provided by this embodiment improves the accuracy of the thermal runaway scene simulation of the battery 50 to be tested, so as to improve the accuracy of the thermal runaway experimental result.
In one embodiment, the second gas channel 500 may further include a valve 510. The valve 510 is disposed in the second gas channel 500, and is used for controlling the opening and closing of the second gas channel 500. The valve 510 may be disposed at an end of the second gas passage 500, or may be disposed at a middle portion of the second gas passage 500. The valve 510 is used to control the opening and closing of the second gas channel 500. The valve 510 can also be selected to control the flow of gas through the second gas channel 500, as desired. Specifically, when the air ratio in the box 100 needs to be adjusted, the valve 510 is opened, and air is injected into the box 100 through the air pump 400. When it is required to adjust the pressure in the tank 100, the valve 510 is closed, and the pressure in the tank 100 is adjusted by the air pump 400 and the first gas passage 300. The valve 510 can flexibly open and close the second gas channel 500, so that multiple functions of the battery thermal runaway experimental apparatus 10 can be realized.
In one embodiment, the pool thermal runaway experimental device 10 may also include a safety valve 600. The safety valve 600 is disposed in the tank 100 for releasing pressure. The safety valve 600 may be disposed on the top of the tank 100, or may be disposed on any one side of the tank 100. The safety valve 600 may preset a certain threshold, and when the pressure in the tank 100 exceeds the preset threshold, the safety valve 600 opens and starts to release the pressure. The specific structure and type of the safety valve 600, the connection mode with the tank 100, and the like can be selected according to actual requirements. The safety valve 600 can prevent the dangerous situations such as explosion caused by excessive internal pressure of the box 100 due to thermal runaway eruption, combustion and the like of the battery 50 to be tested in the experimental process. The safety valve 600 improves the safety of the battery thermal runaway experimental apparatus 10.
The heating device 200 may be a uniform heating device. The uniform heating device is used for uniformly heating the battery 50 to be tested, so that the full-battery thermal runaway of the battery 50 to be tested is induced. The uniform heating device is used for simulating a thermal runaway scene induced by the overall uniform temperature of the battery due to reasons such as overhigh environment temperature and the like in the use process of the battery.
When the heating device 200 is a uniform heating device, the structure of the heating device 200 may be various. Referring to fig. 3 and 4, in one embodiment, the heating device 200 may include a uniform heater 210 and an air circulation device 220. The uniform heater 210 is disposed in the case 100 to generate heat. The air circulation device 220 is disposed in the case 100. The air circulation device 220 is disposed opposite to the uniform heater 210 at an interval, and is used to change the air flow direction in the box body 100, so that the heat in the box body 100 is uniform. The uniform heater 210 may be an electric heater. The uniform heater 210 may employ an electric heating wire or a quartz heating tube, etc. The uniform heater 210 may achieve an adjustment in heating rate by adjusting power. The uniform heater 210 is disposed opposite to the battery 50 to be tested at a spaced interval. That is, the uniform heater 210 does not directly contact the battery 50 to be tested. The uniform heater 210 generates heat and increases the temperature of air inside the case 100, thereby increasing the temperature of the battery 50 to be tested placed inside the case 100.
The air circulation device 220 may be disposed above, below, left, right, front, or rear of the uniform heater 210, and spaced apart from the uniform heater 210. The air circulation device 220 serves to change the flow direction of air in the case 100 so that the heat in the case 100 is uniform. The air circulation device 220 may be a circulation fan or the like.
In this embodiment, the battery thermal runaway experimental apparatus 10 includes the uniform heater 210 and the air circulation device 220. The air circulation device 220 is disposed opposite to the uniform heater 210 at a spaced interval. The temperature in the cabinet 100 is uniformly increased by the cooperation of the uniform heater 210 and the air circulation device 220. The battery 50 to be tested placed in the case 100 induces thermal runaway due to excessive ambient temperature. The battery thermal runaway experimental device 10 provided by the embodiment accurately simulates a thermal runaway scene induced by the comprehensive temperature equalization of the battery 50 to be tested, so that the accuracy and reliability of an experimental result can be improved.
In one embodiment, the uniform heater 210 is a planar structure. The uniform heater 210 may be a heater having a planar structure such as a heating sheet, a heating plate, or the like. The uniform heater 210 may be fixed in the case 100 by means of a connecting rod or the like. The uniform heater 210 may be hung from the top inner end of the container 100 and arranged in parallel with the battery 50 to be tested. The air circulation device 220 may be hung on the upper portion of the uniform heater 210. That is, the uniform heater 210 is disposed between the battery 50 to be tested and the air circulation device 220. The planar uniform heater 210 can increase heating and heat dissipation areas, thereby improving heating efficiency and further improving the working efficiency of the battery thermal runaway experimental device 10.
Referring to fig. 5, in an embodiment, the battery thermal runaway experimental apparatus 10 further includes a local heating device 700. The local heating means 700 is disposed opposite to and spaced apart from the uniform heater 210. The uniform heater 210 is disposed between the air circulation device 220 and the local heating device 700.
The local heating device 700 is in local contact with the battery 50 to be tested, and is used for simulating a scene that the battery is locally overheated to induce thermal runaway in practical application and then spreads to other areas to induce comprehensive thermal runaway. The local heating device 700 may be a heating rod, a laser heater, or the like. The local heating means 700 may be connected to the case 100 by means of a connecting rod or a supporting bracket, etc. In the thermal runaway experiment process, the smaller the contact point between the local heating device 700 and the battery 50 to be tested is, the smaller the hot spot inducing the local thermal runaway is, and the truer the simulation of the actual scene of the local thermal runaway is. Meanwhile, the smaller the volume of the local heating device 700 is, the less the ambient air is heated, and the more real the simulation of the local thermal runaway scene is. The local heating device 700 is used for simulating a thermal runaway scene induced by local overheating of the battery, so that the simulation accuracy of the thermal runaway experimental device 10 for the battery 50 to be tested on the thermal runaway scene is further improved, and the accuracy of the thermal runaway experimental result of the battery 50 to be tested is improved.
Referring to fig. 6, in one embodiment, the local heating device 700 includes a local heater 710 and a thermal conductor 720. The thermal conductor 720 is attached to the local heater 710. The heat conductor 720 is disposed opposite to the uniform heater 210 at a spaced interval. The local heater 710 is used to generate heat. The local heater 710 may be a heating wire or the like. The heat conductor 720 may have a spherical structure, a cubic structure, or other irregular structures. The thermal conductor 720 may wrap around the outside of the local heater 710 and be attached to the local heater 710. The smaller the volume of the heater 710 and the thermal conductor 720, the better. The thermal conductor 720 is in contact with the battery 50 to be tested for conducting heat generated by the heater 710 to the battery 50 to be tested. The local heating of the battery 50 to be tested is realized through the local heater 710 and the heat conductor 720, so that a thermal runaway scene induced by local overheating of the battery in practical application is simulated, and the accuracy of the battery thermal runaway experimental device 10 in simulating the thermal runaway scene of the battery 50 to be tested is further improved.
In one embodiment, at least one surface of the thermal conductor 720 has an arc-shaped structure. The face of the arc structure may be a face away from the uniform heater 210. The face of the arc-shaped structure is in contact with the battery to be tested. Other surfaces of the heat conductor 720 may be arc-shaped surfaces or flat surfaces. For convenience of processing and connection, the heat conductor 720 may be a three-dimensional structure composed of five planes and one arc-shaped surface, and a tangent point of the arc-shaped surface is in contact with the battery 50 to be tested, so as to realize point contact of the heat conductor 720 and the battery 50 to be tested. The point contact with the battery to be tested is realized through the tangent point of the arc-shaped structural surface, so that the contact point is reduced, the thermal runaway trigger point is reduced, and the simulation of a local thermal runaway actual scene is more real. Meanwhile, the local heater 710 may be disposed in parallel to the battery 50 to be tested to reduce the volume of the heat conductor 720, thereby reducing the influence on the surrounding air and improving the authenticity of the battery thermal runaway experimental apparatus 10 on the simulation of the local thermal runaway scene.
Referring to fig. 7, in one embodiment, the local heating apparatus 700 further includes: a guide rail 730 and a connecting rod 740. The guide rail 730 and the connection rod 740 are both disposed in the case 100. The connecting rod 740 is connected between the guide rail 730 and the heat conductor 720. And the connecting rod 740 is slidable along the guide rail 730.
The guide rails 730 may be erected on two side walls inside the box body 100, or may be installed on the top of the box body 100. The connecting rod 740 may be used to support the thermal conductor 720 and the local heater 710. The connecting rod 740 may be rod-shaped. One end of the connecting rod 740 is connected to the heat conductor 720. The other end of the connecting rod 740 is connected to the guide rail 730. The connecting rod 740 can slide along the guide rail 730 to change the positions of the heat conductor 720 and the local heater 710, thereby changing the thermal runaway trigger point of the local thermal runaway experiment. The local heating device 700 can move through the guide rail 730 and the connecting rod 740, so that the battery thermal runaway experimental device 10 is more convenient to use.
An embodiment of the present application provides a battery thermal runaway experiment system 1, which includes the battery thermal runaway experiment device 10, the measurement device 20, and the data analysis device 30 as described in any one of the above embodiments. The measuring device 20 is connected with the battery thermal runaway experimental device 10 and is used for measuring data. The data analysis device 30 is connected to the measurement device 20, and is configured to obtain data measured by the measurement device 20 and perform analysis processing.
The measuring device 20 is used for measuring relevant data such as temperature, pressure, heat release rate, air injection quantity and the like in the thermal runaway process of the battery. The measuring device 20 may include a temperature measuring device, a pressure measuring device, and the like. The number and the arrangement position of the measuring devices 20 can be selected according to the requirement.
The data analysis device 30 may be a computer processor, a programmable logic processor, or the like. The measuring device 20 transmits the measured data to the data analysis device 30. The data analysis device 30 calculates, analyzes and processes the data to obtain a desired result.
In this embodiment, the battery thermal runaway experiment system 1 includes the battery thermal runaway experiment device 10, the measurement device 20, and the data analysis device 30. The battery thermal runaway experimental device 10 can improve the accuracy of simulation of the battery thermal runaway actual scene, so that the accuracy of the experiment is improved. The experimental result of the battery thermal runaway experimental system 1 provided by the embodiment of the application has great guiding significance on the safety design of the battery.
In one embodiment, the battery thermal runaway experimental system 1 further includes a display device 40. The display device 40 is connected to the data analysis device 30 and is used for displaying the data analysis processing result. The display device 40 may also be used to display the image information collected by the image collecting device 60. Through the display device 40, the intelligence of the man-machine interaction of the battery thermal runaway experiment system 1 can be improved.
In one embodiment, the measuring device 20 comprises a first temperature measuring device 21, a second temperature measuring device 22, a first pressure measuring device 23 and a second pressure measuring device 24. The first temperature measuring device 21 is disposed in the first gas channel 300, and is configured to measure the temperature of the first gas channel 300. The second temperature measuring device 22 is disposed in the second gas passage 500, and is used for measuring the temperature of the second gas passage 500. The first pressure measuring device 23 is disposed in the first gas channel 300 for measuring the pressure at the first gas channel 300. The second pressure measuring device 24 is arranged at the first gas channel 300 for measuring the pressure at the first gas channel (300).
When the air pump 400 injects air into the case 100 through the first gas passage 300. The second gas channel 500 is open. The first gas channel 300 and the second gas channel 500 form air convection. The first temperature measuring device 21 and the first pressure measuring device 23 measure the temperature and pressure of the gas at the first gas channel 300. The second temperature measuring device 22 and the second pressure measuring device 24 measure the temperature and pressure of the gas at the second gas channel 500. The data analysis device 30 calculates and analyzes the heat release rate of the battery 50 to be tested in the thermal runaway process according to the temperature and pressure of the gas flowing into the first gas channel 300 and the temperature and pressure of the gas flowing out of the second gas channel 500.
In the battery thermal runaway experiment system 1 provided in this embodiment, the first temperature measuring device 21, the second temperature measuring device 22, the first pressure measuring device 23, and the second pressure measuring device 24 respectively measure the temperature and the pressure of the gas inflow channel and the gas outflow channel, and then calculate the heat release rate of the battery 50 to be tested in the thermal runaway process. Compared with the method for calculating the heat release rate by the equipment in the traditional technology through an oxygen consumption method, the battery thermal runaway experimental system 1 provided by the embodiment of the application can calculate the parameters of the battery thermal runaway process more accurately.
One embodiment of the present application provides a battery thermal runaway experimental method, including:
s10, measuring the temperature of the first gas channel 300 by the first temperature measuring device 21 to obtain a first temperature;
s20, measuring the temperature of the second gas channel 500 by the second temperature measuring device 22 to obtain a second temperature;
s30, measuring the pressure at the first gas channel 300 by the first pressure measuring device 23 to obtain a first pressure;
s40, measuring the pressure at the first gas channel 300 by the second pressure measuring device 24 to obtain a second pressure;
s50, the data analysis device 30 calculates a heat release rate of the battery thermal runaway process according to the first temperature, the second temperature, the first pressure and the second pressure.
The air pump 400 injects air into the case 100 through the first air passage 300, and the second air passage 500 discharges the air. Meanwhile, the battery 50 to be tested is heated by the heating device 200 until thermal runaway of the battery 50 to be tested occurs. The first temperature measuring device 21, the second temperature measuring device 22, the first pressure measuring device 23, and the second pressure measuring device 24 measure the temperature and the pressure at the gas inflow portion of the first gas channel 300 and the gas outflow portion of the second gas channel 500, respectively, so as to obtain the first temperature, the second temperature, the first pressure, and the second pressure.
Calculating the exothermic power during the thermal runaway of the battery 50 to be tested according to the following formula:
wherein, PbatteryIs the exothermic power during thermal runaway of the battery 50 under test. c. Cp-airIs the isobaric pressure of airSpecific heat capacity, unit is J/kg.K. Rhoair_inIs the density of the gas at the first gas channel 300 in kg/m3。ρair_outIs the density of the gas at the second gas channel 500 in kg/m3。
Is the flow at the first gas channel 300 in m3/s。
Is the flow rate of the second gas channel 500, in m3/s。ToutIs the second temperature in K. T isinIs the first temperature in K. PheaterIs the power of the heating device 200. PreleasedIs the heat dissipation power of the case 100, in units of J/s. VinIs the volume of gas flowing in the first gas channel 300. VoutIs the volume of gas flowing in the second gas channel 500. dinIs the cross-sectional area of the first gas channel 300. doutIs the cross-sectional area of the second gas channel 500. t is the time when air is injected through the first gas channel 300 and flows out through the second gas channel 500.
Integrating the heat release power of the battery 50 to be tested in the thermal runaway process to obtain the heat release rate of the battery 50 to be tested in the thermal runaway process.
According to the experimental method for thermal runaway of the battery provided by the embodiment of the application, the first temperature measuring device 21, the second temperature measuring device 22, the first pressure measuring device 23 and the second pressure measuring device 24 are used for measuring the temperature and the pressure at the gas inflow part of the first gas channel 300 and the gas outflow part of the second gas channel 500 respectively to obtain the first temperature, the second temperature, the first pressure and the second pressure. And calculating the heat release rate of the battery 50 to be tested in the thermal runaway process according to the first temperature, the second temperature, the first pressure and the second pressure. Compared with the method for calculating the heat release rate by using an oxygen consumption method in the traditional technology, the method for calculating the thermal runaway of the battery provided by the embodiment of the application is more accurate in calculating the heat release rate in the thermal runaway process of the battery.
It should be noted that the battery thermal runaway experimental apparatus 10, the system 1 and the method provided by the present application can test other parameters such as the temperature, the pressure and the air injection amount of the battery 50 to be tested in the thermal runaway process, in addition to the heat release rate of the battery 50 to be tested in the thermal runaway process. Specifically, the method can be selected for use according to actual requirements.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the claims. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A battery thermal runaway experimental apparatus (10), comprising:
a case (100);
a local heater (710) disposed within the tank (100);
a guide rail (730) provided in the case (100);
the heat conductor (720) is arranged in the box body (100), the heat conductor (720) is attached to the local heater (710), at least one surface of the heat conductor (720) is of an arc-shaped structure, and when the heat conductor is used, a tangent point of the surface of the arc-shaped structure of the heat conductor (720) is in contact with a battery (50) to be tested;
a connecting rod (740) disposed in the case (100), wherein the connecting rod (740) is connected between the guide rail (730) and the heat conductor (720), and the connecting rod (740) can slide along the guide rail (730);
the uniform heater (210) is arranged in the box body (100), and the uniform heater (210) and the local heater (710) are oppositely arranged at intervals;
a pressure adjusting device (800) provided to the tank (100) for adjusting an internal pressure of the tank (100), the pressure adjusting device (800) comprising:
a first gas passage (300) communicating with the tank (100) for the passage of gas;
a gas pump (400) connected to the tank (100) through the first gas passage (300) for filling gas into the tank (100) or extracting gas from the tank (100);
a second gas passage (500) communicating with the tank (100) for the passage of gas;
measuring device (20), comprising: a first temperature measuring device (21), a second temperature measuring device (22), a first pressure measuring device (23) and a second pressure measuring device (24); the first temperature measuring device (21) is arranged at the first gas channel (300) and is used for measuring the temperature at the first gas channel (300); the second temperature measuring device (22) is arranged at the second gas channel (500) and is used for measuring the temperature at the second gas channel (500); the first pressure measuring device (23) is arranged at the first gas channel (300) for measuring the pressure at the first gas channel (300); the second pressure measuring device (24) is arranged at the first gas channel (300) for measuring the pressure at the first gas channel (300);
the data analysis device (30) is in signal connection with the measurement device (20), and the data analysis device (30) is used for calculating and obtaining the exothermic power of the battery to be tested (50) in the thermal runaway process according to the temperature and the pressure of the gas flowing into the first gas channel (300) and the temperature and the pressure of the gas flowing out of the second gas channel (500); wherein the heat release power is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein, PbatteryIs the exothermic power during thermal runaway of the battery (50) to be tested; c. Cp-airIs the isobaric specific heat capacity of air; rhoair_inIs the density of the gas at the first gas channel (300); rhoair_outIs the density of the gas at the second gas channel (500);
is the flow rate at the first gas channel (300);
is the flow rate of the second gas channel (500); t isoutIs the temperature at the second gas channel (500); t isinIs the temperature at the first gas channel (300); pheaterIs the local heater(710) Or the power of the uniform heater (210); preleasedIs the heat dissipation power of the case (100); vinIs the volume of gas flowing in the first gas channel (300); voutIs the volume of gas flowing in the second gas channel (500); dinIs the cross-sectional area of the first gas channel (300); doutIs the cross-sectional area of the second gas channel (500); t is the time for injecting air through the first gas channel (300) and for flowing air out through the second gas channel (500).
2. The thermal runaway experimental device (10) for a battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the guide rails (730) are erected on two side walls inside the box body (100).
3. The battery thermal runaway experiment device (10) of claim 1, further comprising:
the air circulation device (220) is arranged in the box body (100) and used for changing the air flow direction in the box body (100) so that the heat in the box body (100) is uniform.
4. The battery thermal runaway experiment device (10) as claimed in claim 3, wherein the uniform heater (210) is a planar structure, the air circulation device (220) is spaced from and opposite to the uniform heater (210), and the uniform heater (210) is disposed between the air circulation device (220) and the local heater (710).
5. The battery thermal runaway experiment device (10) of claim 4, wherein the second gas channel (500) comprises:
and the valve (510) is arranged on the second gas channel (500) and is used for controlling the opening and the closing of the second gas channel (500).
6. The thermal runaway experimental device (10) for a battery as claimed in claim 5, further comprising a safety valve (600) disposed in the box (100) for relieving pressure.
7. The battery thermal runaway experiment device (10) of claim 1, wherein the box (100) includes a sealing door (110), and the sealing door (110) is disposed on one side of the box (100).
8. A battery thermal runaway experimental system (1), comprising:
the battery thermal runaway experimental apparatus (10) of any one of claims 1-7.
9. The battery thermal runaway experiment system (1) as claimed in claim 8, further comprising a display device (40) connected to the data analysis device (30) for displaying data analysis processing results.
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| CN110470424B (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2020-07-14 | 清华大学 | Experiment method for in-situ measurement of internal pressure of battery |
| CN110515000B (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2021-10-08 | 中国人民解放军陆军防化学院 | Integrated battery thermal runaway test system |
| CN112526360B (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2022-03-18 | 清华大学 | Battery module thermal runaway test triggering and monitoring system and method |
| CN111103404B (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2023-12-05 | 国联汽车动力电池研究院有限责任公司 | Analysis device and method for thermal runaway tail gas of power battery |
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| CN113659248B (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2023-09-22 | 经纬恒润(天津)研究开发有限公司 | Battery pack cooling system parameter design method and device |
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| CN115561646A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-01-03 | 中国民用航空飞行学院 | Method and device for testing external short circuit experiment of lithium ion battery in dynamic pressure and variable temperature environment |
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