CN102944575A - Lithium ion battery thermal performance testing method - Google Patents
Lithium ion battery thermal performance testing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102944575A CN102944575A CN2012105000193A CN201210500019A CN102944575A CN 102944575 A CN102944575 A CN 102944575A CN 2012105000193 A CN2012105000193 A CN 2012105000193A CN 201210500019 A CN201210500019 A CN 201210500019A CN 102944575 A CN102944575 A CN 102944575A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lithium ion battery thermal performance testing method. The method comprises the steps of: placing a fully-charged battery in a constant-temperature box, and detecting an open-circuit voltage and the surface temperature of the battery in real time; carrying out discharging operation by a preset current until the battery is discharged to a preset charge state; detecting the open-circuit voltage and the surface temperature of the battery at different discharge time points until the battery charge state is equal to zero to obtain an actual open-circuit voltage and an actual open-circuit voltage temperature coefficient B of the battery; discharging the fully-charged battery, and detecting a work voltage U and the surface temperature T of the battery in real time at different discharge time points; and calculating the heating power P of the battery at different discharge time points. The lithium ion battery thermal performance testing method disclosed by the invention can conveniently and reliably test the thermal performance of the lithium ion battery during discharge, and can accurately acquire the heating power, the change of heating power over time and the total heating amount of the lithium ion battery during discharge.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the battery technology field, particularly relate to a kind of method of testing of lithium ion battery thermal behavior.
Background technology
At present, the plurality of advantages such as lithium ion battery has long service life, environmental sound, specific energy is high, specific power is high, conversion ratio is high, not only on portable electric appts, be used widely such as mobile phone, Digital Video and laptop computer, and be widely used in the big-and-middle-sized electrical equipment aspects such as electric automobile, electric bicycle and electric tool.
In the manufacturing enterprises such as electric automobile, Moped Scooter, lithium ion battery is subject to special favor.In the application of power battery pack, the thermal behavior of lithium ion battery is the key factor that affects electric battery cycle life and security.
But at present the thermal value of lithium ion battery when discharge there is no desirable method of testing, and existing method testing expense is expensive, and the heating power that can't obtain lithium ion battery situation over time.Therefore, battery production producer can't accurately grasp the thermal behavior data of battery, and then can't make accurate judgement to cycle life and the security of power battery pack, has influence on the wide popularization and application of lithium ion battery.
Therefore, at present in the urgent need to developing a kind of method, it can be tested the thermal behavior of lithium ion battery when discharging easily and reliably, accurately obtain the heating power of lithium ion battery when discharge, heating power with the situation of change of discharge time and total thermal value numerical value, the method is implemented simple and convenient, low testing cost, applied widely.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the method of testing that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of lithium ion battery thermal behavior, it can be tested the thermal behavior of lithium ion battery when discharging easily and reliably, accurately obtain the heating power of lithium ion battery when discharge, and implement simple, increased substantially the performance test whole efficiency to lithium ion battery, low testing cost, be conducive to reduce the production cost of lithium ion battery, improve the market application foreground of lithium ion battery manufacturer product, be of great practical significance.
For this reason, the invention provides a kind of method of testing of lithium ion battery thermal behavior, comprise step:
The first step: battery is full of electricity, after cooling, puts into constant temperature oven, according to preset temperature size and the time interval temperature of constant temperature oven is carried out conversion, detect in real time open-circuit voltage Uoc and the battery surface temperature of battery;
Second step: at room temperature carry out discharge operation with predetermined current, until battery electric quantity is discharged to default state-of-charge SOC;
The 3rd step: detect in real time open-circuit voltage and the battery surface temperature of the lower battery of different somes discharge time, until the state-of-charge SOC of battery equals zero, calculate the actual open-circuit voltage Uoc that obtains battery;
The 4th step: according to open-circuit voltage and the battery surface temperature of the lower battery of above-mentioned different somes discharge time, calculate the actual open-circuit voltage temperature coefficient B of battery;
The 5th step: the battery that is full of electricity is discharged, detect in real time the above-mentioned different lower battery operated voltage U of some discharge time and battery surface temperature T;
The 6th step: according to default heating power computing formula, calculate the heating power P of the lower battery of described different somes discharge time.
Wherein, after the 6th step, also comprise step: the 7th step: according to default gross calorific power computing formula, the gross calorific power Q of calculating battery in the discharge time section.
Wherein, the computing formula of described gross calorific power Q is specially:
Q=
=
。
Wherein, after the 6th step, also comprise step: during according to battery discharge heating power P with the variation formula of discharge time, know lithium ion battery when discharging heating power with the situation of change of discharge time.
Wherein, heating power P is specially with the variation formula of discharge time during described battery discharge:
P=c
0+ c
1* t+c
2* t2+c
3* t3+ ... + c
n* t
nC wherein
0, c
1, c
2, c
3..., c
nBe constant.
Wherein, in the first step, the step of the temperature of constant temperature oven being carried out conversion according to preset temperature size and the time interval is specially:
Be the order of 25 ℃, 15 ℃, 5 ℃, 35 ℃ and 25 ℃ according to preset temperature, the temperature in every interval cyclic transformation in 3 hours one all constant temperature ovens.
Wherein, in second step, described predetermined current is the electric current of the size of current of 1 times of battery capacity, and described default state-of-charge SOC equals 90%.
Wherein, in the 3rd step, the f rank polynomial expression formula of actual open-circuit voltage Uoc is specially:
U
Oc=a
0+ a
1* t+a
2* t2+a
3* t3+ ... + a
f* t
fWherein, a0, a1, a2, a3 ... with af be constant.
Wherein, in the 4th step, the computing formula of actual open-circuit voltage temperature coefficient B is:
B=b
0+ b
1* t+ b
2* t2+ b
3* t3+ ... + b
Kt k, referred to as formula (2); B wherein
0, b
1, b
2, b
3..., b
kBe constant.
Wherein, in the 6th step, the heating power computing formula of described battery is specially:
Wherein: P is hot generating power, and I is electric current, and U is battery operated voltage, and Uoc is open-circuit voltage; B is the open-circuit voltage temperature coefficient of battery, and T is the absolute temperature of battery surface, and V is the volume of battery.
By above technical scheme provided by the invention as seen, compared with prior art, the invention provides a kind of method of testing of lithium ion battery thermal behavior, it can be tested the thermal behavior of lithium ion battery when discharging easily and reliably, accurately obtain the heating power of lithium ion battery when discharge, and implement simple, increased substantially the performance test whole efficiency to lithium ion battery, low testing cost, be conducive to reduce the production cost of lithium ion battery, improve the market application foreground of lithium ion battery manufacturer product, be of great practical significance.
In addition, total the present invention can also accurately obtain lithium ion battery when discharge heating power with the situation of change of discharge time and thermal value numerical value.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the method for testing of a kind of lithium ion battery thermal behavior of improving of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the voltage collector that adopts of the method for testing of a kind of lithium ion battery thermal behavior provided by the invention, Temperature sampler and the simplified schematic diagram that is connected of battery;
Fig. 3 is the variation schematic diagram of battery open circuit voltage along with discharge time;
Fig. 4 is when to be battery with the electric current of 1C multiplying power discharge, and open-circuit voltage and battery surface temperature are along with the variation schematic diagram of discharge time;
Fig. 5 is the variation schematic diagram of the open-circuit voltage temperature subordinate of battery along with discharge time;
Fig. 6 is that the battery-heating power of putting different discharge times changes schematic diagram;
Among the figure, 1 is voltage collector, and 2 is Temperature sampler, and 3 is thermopair, and 4 is battery, and 5 is constant temperature oven.
Embodiment
In order to make those skilled in the art person understand better the present invention program, the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments.
Referring to Fig. 1, the invention provides a kind of method of testing of lithium ion battery thermal behavior, its by the test lithium ion battery at the heating power in when discharge, heating power with the situation of change of discharge time and total thermal value numerical value, thereby allow battery production producer can accurately grasp the thermal behavior data of lithium ion battery when discharge, and then accurate judgement is made in cycle life and the security of power battery pack.The method specifically can may further comprise the steps:
Step S101: battery is full of electricity, putting into constant temperature oven after cooling (for example is can be at the constant temperature oven of 5 ~ 35 ℃ of temperature ranges adjustment, when selected a certain temperature, can constant temperature keep) in, according to preset temperature size and the time interval temperature of constant temperature oven is carried out conversion, detect in real time open-circuit voltage Uoc and the battery surface temperature of battery;
In step S101, described preset temperature size and the time interval can arrange according to user's needs, for example, described preset temperature size can be 25 ℃, 15 ℃, 5 ℃ and 35 ℃, the time interval between two temperature of arbitrary neighborhood can be 3 hours, the time that certainly, can also need for 2 hours and other users.
In the present invention, in order to carry out this step S101, on the specific implementation, referring to Fig. 2, positive pole and the negative pole of battery 4 shown in Figure 2 are connected wire, and post thermopair at battery surface, then the positive pole with battery is connected with voltage collector 1 with negative pole, and battery surface is connected with Temperature sampler 2 by thermopair 3.
In the present invention, on the specific implementation, the model that described voltage collector and Temperature sampler can be Anjelen Sci. ﹠ Tech. Inc's production is the multifunctional data acquiring switch measuring unit of 34980A.
Then, battery is full of electricity and fully puts into constant temperature oven 5 after the cooling, be that the order of 25 ℃, 15 ℃, 5 ℃, 35 ℃ and 25 ℃ is (as long as temperature changes according to preset temperature, other temperature also can) every interval 3 hours be (as long as can guarantee that battery temperature is fully balanced, time length is variable) temperature in cyclic transformation one all constant temperature ovens, and measure in real time the surface temperature of open-circuit voltage and the battery of battery.
Step S102: under room temperature (for example 20 ° ~ 30 ° temperature) take predetermined current (for example as being not more than the electric current of 1C, the i.e. electric current of 1 times of battery capacity, can also be other discharge-rate) carry out discharge operation, until battery electric quantity is discharged to default state-of-charge (State Of Charge, SOC);
Need to prove, described state-of-charge (SOC) use a period of time for battery or lie idle for a long time after the ratio of capacity of residual capacity charged state complete with it, percentage commonly used represents.Its span is 0 ~ 1, represents that when SOC=0 battery discharge is complete, represents that when SOC=1 battery is full of fully.
In step S102, the default state-of-charge of described battery electric quantity for example can be 90%, certainly, according to user's needs, can also be other number percent.
Step S103: under static condition, detect in real time open-circuit voltage and the battery surface temperature of the lower battery of different somes discharge time, until the state-of-charge SOC of battery equals zero, calculate the actual open-circuit voltage Uoc that obtains battery;
In step S103, referring to Fig. 3, the open-circuit voltage of battery under the different state-of-charge SOC of real-time detection record, then open-circuit voltage and different state-of-charge SOC corresponding different discharge times of point is done to carry out curve fitting according to f rank polynomial expression behind the curve, calculate the actual open-circuit voltage Uoc of battery, the f rank polynomial expression formula of actual open-circuit voltage Uoc is specially:
U
Oc=a
0+ a
1* t+a
2* t2+a
3* t3+ ... + a
f* t
f, referred to as formula (1); Wherein, a
0, a
1, a2, a
3... and a
fBe constant.
In the present invention, on the specific implementation, described constant a
0, a
1, a
2, a
3... and a
fCan in excel software, make curve map according to open-circuit voltage and different state-of-charge SOC corresponding different discharge times of point, as shown in Figure 3, then carry out polynomial curve fitting, interpolation Trendline function by excel software, obtain the polynomial expression of this curve, i.e. the f rank polynomial expression formula of above-mentioned actual open-circuit voltage Uoc.
Need to prove, in the polynomial expression formula of the f rank of actual open-circuit voltage Uoc, t is the time of discharge, according to test, emit 10% electricity at every turn, 10 discharges have been carried out altogether, also just obtained the open-circuit voltage under 10 SOC states, the 1C discharge is exactly that one hour (3600 seconds) are tele-release light, that is to say and therefore can adopt the 1C discharge to test, just can bleed off 10% electricity in per 360 seconds, because the present invention has just had 11 data to (comprising one of original state) open-circuit voltage and time t.Then these 11 pairs of data are carried out curve fitting with excel, form curve as shown in Figure 3, just obtained the polynomial equation of open-circuit voltage Uoc and time t, i.e. U
Oc=a
0+ a
1* t+a
2* t2+a
3* t3+ ... + a
f* t
f
In addition, in the process of curve, can select polynomial exponent number, select suitable exponent number just can obtain high fitting precision, f carries out match selected polynomial expression exponent number with f rank polynomial expression to curve with regard to expression.
For the present invention, by the f rank polynomial expression formula of this actual open-circuit voltage Uoc, as long as substitution random time t, just can calculate the battery open circuit voltage (actual measurement only have 11 pairs of data) of any time t, can improve like this precision of subsequent calculations.
Step S104: according to open-circuit voltage and the battery surface temperature of the lower battery of different somes discharge time among the above-mentioned steps S103, calculate the actual open-circuit voltage temperature coefficient B of battery;
In step S104, detect in real time open-circuit voltage and the battery surface temperature of battery under the different state-of-charge SOC, then with open-circuit voltage, battery surface temperature and different state-of-charge SOC corresponding different discharge times of point is made curve (as shown in Figure 4), then according to open-circuit voltage formula Uoc=A*t+B*T, this curve is returned computational analysis, calculate respectively the open-circuit voltage temperature coefficient under obtaining to put different discharge times, then, different open-circuit voltage temperatures coefficient and different state-of-charge SOC corresponding different discharge times of point is done to carry out curve fitting (as shown in Figure 5) according to k rank polynomial expression behind the curve, obtain the actual open-circuit voltage temperature coefficient B of battery, the k rank polynomial expression formula of actual open-circuit voltage temperature coefficient B is:
B=b
0+ b
1* t+ b
2* t2+ b
3* t3+ ... + b
Kt k, referred to as formula (2); B wherein
0, b
1, b
2, b
3..., b
kBe constant.
For open-circuit voltage formula Uoc=A*t+B*T, referred to as formula (3), wherein Uoc is open-circuit voltage, and unit is volt V; T is the time of discharge, with b in the formula (1)
0, b
1, b
2, b
3..., b
kThe t of back is the same, and unit is a second s; T is the temperature of battery surface, unit be K or ℃; A, B are constant.Corresponding to different state-of-charge SOC, constant b1, the b2 during each recurrence calculating obtains, b3 ..., b11 is the open-circuit voltage temperature coefficient that be used for to calculate the battery-heating amount under the different state-of-charge SOC.
Need to prove, can draw by formula Uoc=A*t+B*T, B is exactly the open-circuit voltage temperature coefficient, carry out curve fitting according to test data, can obtain the open-circuit voltage temperature coefficient B of different time points t, can by B value and time point are mapped and the higher order polynomial curve, can obtain the relation of B and t, i.e. B=b afterwards
0+ b
1* t+ b
2* t2+ b
3* t3+ ... + b
Kt k, wherein, selected polynomial expression exponent number during curve is exactly k.
Also need to prove, because open-circuit voltage Uoc is and time t, temperature T related amount, therefore represent with formula Uoc=A*t+B*T, such linear equation in two unknowns, can carry out regretional analysis with some data processing softwares (for example Software of Data Statistics Minitab15 of state Minitab company exploitation), just can obtain these two coefficients of A and B, wherein, B is required for the present invention wanting.
Step S105: the battery that is full of electricity is discharged, detect in real time and obtain the above-mentioned different lower battery operated voltage U of some discharge time and battery surface temperature T, referring to shown in Figure 4;
Step S106: according to default heating power computing formula, calculate the heating power P of the lower battery of described different somes discharge time;
In step S106, the heating power computing formula of described battery is specially:
Wherein: P is hot generating power, the w/m3(of unit watt every cubic metre); I is electric current, discharges to be negative value, the A of unit; U is battery operated voltage, the volt V of unit; Uoc is open-circuit voltage, the V of unit; B is the open-circuit voltage temperature coefficient of battery, and unit is V/K; T is the absolute temperature of battery surface, and unit is Kelvin K, and V is the volume of battery, and unit is m3.
Need to prove, for the present invention, the T in formula (3) and the formula (4) is the temperature of battery surface.Heating power computing formula for above-mentioned battery, electric current I wherein, operating voltage U, battery volume V and battery surface temperature T can obtain by the actual detection in the discharge process, open-circuit voltage temperature coefficient B and the open-circuit voltage Uoc of different time also obtain by the curve of front, therefore bring all parameters into this formula, just can calculate heating power P.
In the present invention, by step S101 to S105, can obtain the temperature T of battery open circuit voltage Uoc, battery operated voltage U, open-circuit voltage temperature coefficient B and the battery surface of each difference point discharge times, thereby according to above-mentioned formula (4), can calculate the heating power P that obtains the lower battery of different somes discharge time.
In step S106, with the P value of putting each different discharge time, with the n rank polynomial expression over time formula of heating power that carries out curve fitting when obtaining battery discharge, with heating power P with different discharge times point do matched curve and compare, know lithium ion battery when discharge heating power with the situation of change of discharge time, as shown in Figure 6.
Heating power P is specially with the variation formula of discharge time during battery discharge:
P=c
0+ c
1* t+c
2* t2+c
3* t3+ ... + c
n* t
n, referred to as formula (5);
C wherein
0, c
1, c
2, c
3..., c
nBe constant.
In the present invention, on the specific implementation, described constant a
0, a
1, a
2, a
3... and a
fCan in excel software, make curve map according to heating power and different state-of-charge SOC corresponding different discharge times of point, as shown in Figure 6, then carry out polynomial curve fitting, interpolation Trendline function by excel software, obtain the polynomial expression of this curve, the n rank polynomial expression formula of heating power P when being above-mentioned battery discharge, n is the exponent number that curve polynomial expression multiselect is used.
In above-mentioned formula (5), t refers to the time of discharge, c
0, c
1, c
2, c
3... and c
nThe t of back is the same.Therefore, formula (5) has shown the situation of change of heating power P with discharge time.
Step S107: according to default gross calorific power computing formula, calculate the gross calorific power of battery in the discharge time section.
In step S107, formula (5) to be carried out integration in discharge time in the section just can obtain the gross calorific power Q that battery can discharge in discharge process, the computing formula of gross calorific power value is specially:
Q=
=
, referred to as formula (6);
In above-mentioned formula (6), V is the volume of battery, and unit is m3;
Be illustrated in (0,3600) this interval heating power P is carried out integral and calculating, because the 1C used time of discharge is 3600 seconds, therefore select this interval.
Need to prove, because the gross calorific power of battery equals heating power and discharge time is long-pending.Therefore use integral and calculating Q=
Can obtain accurately thermal value.Wherein P is heating power, and dt represents time diffusion, (0,3600) expression integrating range.
In sum, compared with prior art, the method of testing of a kind of lithium ion battery thermal behavior provided by the invention, it can be tested the thermal behavior of lithium ion battery when discharging easily and reliably, accurately obtain the heating power of lithium ion battery when discharge, and implement simple, increased substantially the performance test whole efficiency to lithium ion battery, low testing cost, be conducive to reduce the production cost of lithium ion battery, improve the market application foreground of lithium ion battery manufacturer product, be of great practical significance.
In addition, total the present invention can also accurately obtain lithium ion battery when discharge heating power with the situation of change of discharge time and thermal value numerical value.
The above only is preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the method for testing of a lithium ion battery thermal behavior is characterized in that, comprises step:
The first step: battery is full of electricity, after cooling, puts into constant temperature oven, according to preset temperature size and the time interval temperature of constant temperature oven is carried out conversion, detect in real time open-circuit voltage Uoc and the battery surface temperature of battery;
Second step: at room temperature carry out discharge operation with predetermined current, until battery electric quantity is discharged to default state-of-charge SOC;
The 3rd step: detect in real time open-circuit voltage and the battery surface temperature of the lower battery of different somes discharge time, until the state-of-charge SOC of battery equals zero, calculate the actual open-circuit voltage Uoc that obtains battery;
The 4th step: according to open-circuit voltage and the battery surface temperature of the lower battery of above-mentioned different somes discharge time, calculate the actual open-circuit voltage temperature coefficient B of battery;
The 5th step: the battery that is full of electricity is discharged, detect in real time the above-mentioned different lower battery operated voltage U of some discharge time and battery surface temperature T;
The 6th step: according to default heating power computing formula, calculate the heating power P of the lower battery of described different somes discharge time.
2. method of testing as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises step after the 6th step:
The 7th step: according to default gross calorific power computing formula, the gross calorific power Q of calculating battery in the discharge time section.
3. method of testing as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the computing formula of described gross calorific power Q is specially:
Q=
=
。
4. method of testing as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises step after the 6th step: during according to battery discharge heating power P with the variation formula of discharge time, know lithium ion battery when discharging heating power with the situation of change of discharge time.
5. method of testing as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, heating power P is specially with the variation formula of discharge time during described battery discharge:
6. method of testing as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in the first step, the step of the temperature of constant temperature oven being carried out conversion according to preset temperature size and the time interval is specially:
Be the order of 25 ℃, 15 ℃, 5 ℃, 35 ℃ and 25 ℃ according to preset temperature, the temperature in every interval cyclic transformation in 3 hours one all constant temperature ovens.
7. method of testing as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in second step, described predetermined current is the electric current of the size of current of 1 times of battery capacity, and described default state-of-charge SOC equals 90%.
8. method of testing as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in the 3rd step, the f rank polynomial expression formula of actual open-circuit voltage Uoc is specially:
Wherein, a
0, a
1, a
2, a
3... and a
fBe constant.
9. method of testing as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in the 4th step, the computing formula of actual open-circuit voltage temperature coefficient B is:
10. method of testing as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in the 6th step, the heating power computing formula of described battery is specially:
Wherein: P is hot generating power, and I is electric current, and U is battery operated voltage, and Uoc is open-circuit voltage; B is the open-circuit voltage temperature coefficient of battery, and T is the absolute temperature of battery surface, and V is the volume of battery.
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