CN113659248B - Battery pack cooling system parameter design method and device - Google Patents
Battery pack cooling system parameter design method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113659248B CN113659248B CN202110949263.7A CN202110949263A CN113659248B CN 113659248 B CN113659248 B CN 113659248B CN 202110949263 A CN202110949263 A CN 202110949263A CN 113659248 B CN113659248 B CN 113659248B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/633—Control systems characterised by algorithms, flow charts, software details or the like
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/651—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by parameters specified by a numeric value or mathematical formula, e.g. ratios, sizes or concentrations
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for designing parameters of a battery pack cooling system, comprising the following steps: performing a thermal runaway experiment on the battery pack to obtain the quality of the generated gas and different kinds of gases, and obtaining the quality of nitrogen and oxygen according to the volume of the sealed space of the battery pack; determining a gas system participating in the combustion reaction, calculating to obtain the density, the constant-pressure specific heat capacity and the mole fraction of each gas of the gas system, and determining the total package reaction of the combustion based on the gas system participating in the combustion reaction of the gas; selecting a combustion dynamics model to obtain elementary reactions and substances, and obtaining the reaction rate of each elementary reaction to obtain the total heat generation rate of gas combustion and the mole fraction change rate of each substance; obtaining a heat balance equation of the gas system based on the total heat generation rate and the heat dissipation power of the cooling system; and (3) adjusting parameters of the cooling system by using an iteration method in combination with a heat balance equation and the cooling system, so that the adjusted parameters meet the temperature design requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power batteries, in particular to a method and a device for designing parameters of a battery pack cooling system.
Background
As the specific energy of lithium ion batteries for vehicles increases, the safety design of the vehicle battery packs becomes increasingly important. In recent years, safety accidents of electric vehicles characterized by thermal runaway have occurred. During thermal runaway of the battery, a large amount of combustible gas such as gaseous substances of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, ethylene and the like is generated. Thermal runaway time delay occurs in the battery pack, and combustible gas can burn in the battery pack, so that personal safety of drivers and passengers is threatened. The cooling system aiming at the thermal runaway of the battery pack needs to be designed, so that the combustion and the temperature of gas in the battery pack are controllable when the thermal runaway of the battery pack is guaranteed, and the safety of the electric vehicle is guaranteed.
In the existing battery pack safety design method, the influence of the combustion of the generated combustible gas after the thermal runaway of the battery is not considered. And the thermal runaway test of the battery pack has the defects of high risk, difficult operation, high cost and the like.
Therefore, how to effectively ensure the safety of the battery pack after thermal runaway is a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for designing parameters of a battery pack cooling system, which can effectively ensure the safety of the battery pack after thermal runaway.
The invention provides a parameter design method of a battery pack cooling system, which comprises the following steps:
performing a single battery thermal runaway experiment on a target battery pack to obtain a gas type A generated by the target battery pack and the mass m of different types of gases a (a=1, 2,3,.,. A), wherein the target battery pack comprises B batteries, B, A is a positive integer of 1 or more;
obtaining the mass m of nitrogen in the sealed space of the target battery pack according to the volume V of the sealed space of the target battery pack N And oxygen mass m O ；
Based on the mass m of the gas type A and the gas of the different type a The mass m of nitrogen in the sealed space of the target battery pack N And oxygen mass m O Determining a gas system participating in gas combustion reaction, calculating to obtain the density rho of the gas system and the constant-pressure specific heat capacity C p And mole fraction Y of each gas c (c=1, 2,3,.,. C), wherein the gases involved in combustion in the gas system comprise C gases, each of which has a mass m c (c＝1，2，3，...，C)，m c The numerical value is B multiplied by m a Or m N ，m O ；
Determining a total package reaction of combustion based on the gas system participating in the gas combustion reaction;
selecting a combustion dynamics model based on the total package reaction of combustion to obtain primitive reactions and substances corresponding to the total package reaction of combustion, wherein the combustion dynamics model reflects a combustion dynamics mechanism of a combustion process of the total package reaction, and the total package reaction comprises i primitive reactions and k substances, and i and k are positive integers greater than or equal to 1;
obtaining the reaction rate of each elementary reaction based on the elementary reactions and the substances;
based on the reaction rate of each elementary reaction, obtaining the total heat generation rate of gas combustion and the mole fraction change rate of each substance;
obtaining a heat balance equation of the gas system based on the total heat generation rate and the heat dissipation power of a cooling system, wherein the heat dissipation power is determined by the cooling system;
and combining a heat balance equation of the gas system and a structure of the cooling system to obtain a gas system temperature Tx after the time t0, and adjusting parameters of the cooling system by using an iterative method, wherein the parameters of the cooling system obtained after the adjustment enable the gas system temperature Tx after the time t0 to meet the temperature design requirement of the cooling system, and at least part of parameters of the cooling system are used for determining the heat dissipation power of the cooling system.
Preferably, when the structure of the cooling system is of a type using phase change material, the heat dissipation power isWherein m is tr Is the mass, ΔH, of the phase change material that undergoes a phase change tr Is the latent heat of phase change,
combining the heat balance equation of the gas system and the structure of the cooling system to obtain the gas system temperature Tx after the time t0, adjusting the parameters of the cooling system by using an iterative method, wherein the parameters of the cooling system obtained after adjustment enable the gas system temperature Tx after the time t0 to meet the temperature design requirement of the cooling system, and the method comprises the following steps:
simulating the target battery pack and the cooling system by combining the heat balance equation and the heat dissipation power to obtain a gas system temperature Tx after the time t 0;
determining whether the gas system temperature Tx is lower than or equal to a target temperature T 0 If yes, the mass m of the phase change material which is subjected to the phase change at present tr Latent heat of phase change ΔH tr Parameters determined as the cooling systemIf not, adjusting the initial parameters of the cooling system until the gas system temperature Tx after the target battery pack and the cooling system are simulated to obtain the elapsed time T0 of the gas system is lower than or equal to the target temperature T, wherein the heat dissipation power of the cooling system and the heat balance equation are obtained based on the adjusted parameters 0 And determining the adjusted parameter as the parameter of the cooling system.
Preferably, adjusting the initial parameters of the cooling system includes:
increasing mass m of phase change material tr Or increase the latent heat of phase change delta H tr 。
Preferably, when the cooling system is of a type using air cooling, the heat dissipation power isWherein h is tr Is the average convection heat exchange coefficient in the air cooling system, A tr Is the heat exchange area, deltaT, in an air-cooled system tr Is the temperature difference between the temperature in the battery pack and the temperature of the external environment,
combining the heat balance equation of the gas system and the structure of the cooling system to obtain the gas system temperature T after the time T0 x The parameters of the cooling system are adjusted by using an iteration method, and the parameters of the cooling system obtained after adjustment enable the temperature Tx of the gas system after the time t0 to meet the temperature design requirement of the cooling system, and the method comprises the following steps:
simulating the target battery pack and the cooling system by combining the heat balance equation and the heat dissipation power to obtain a gas system temperature Tx after the time t 0;
determining whether the gas system temperature Tx is lower than or equal to a target temperature T 0 If yes, the average convection heat exchange coefficient h in the air cooling system is calculated tr Heat exchange area a in an air-cooled system tr Temperature difference AT between internal temperature of battery pack and external environment temperature tr Determining the parameters of the cooling system, and if not, adjusting the initial parameters of the cooling system untilSimulating the target battery pack and the cooling system until the gas system temperature Tx after the elapsed time T0 of the gas system is lower than or equal to the target temperature T, wherein the gas system temperature Tx is obtained based on the heat dissipation power of the cooling system and the heat balance equation obtained by the adjusted parameters 0 And determining the adjusted parameter as the parameter of the cooling system.
Preferably, adjusting the initial parameters of the cooling system includes:
increase the convection heat exchange area A tr Or increasing the average convective heat transfer coefficient h tr 。
Preferably, the thermal runaway test of the single battery is performed on the target battery pack to obtain the gas type A generated by the target battery pack and the mass m of different types of gases a (a=1, 2,3,) a, comprising:
based on the number B of the battery cells of the target battery pack and the gas type A and the mass m of different types of gases of the battery cells obtained by the battery cells through a thermal runaway experiment of the battery cells a Obtaining the gas type A obtained by the thermal runaway experiment of the single battery of the target battery pack and the mass B multiplied by m of different types of gases a Wherein, the single battery thermal runaway experiment adopts an adiabatic thermal runaway test.
Preferably, the mass m of the different kinds of gases based on the gas kind A a The mass m of nitrogen in the sealed space of the target battery pack N And oxygen mass m O Determining a gas system participating in gas combustion reaction, calculating to obtain the density rho of the gas system, and determining the pressure specific heat capacity C p And mole fraction Y of each gas c (c=1, 2,3,) C comprises:
based on the formulaCalculating to obtain the density rho of the gas system;
based on the formulaCalculating to obtain the constant pressure specific heat capacity Cp;
based on the formulaThe mole fraction of the c-th gas was calculated.
Preferably, the obtaining the reaction rate of each elementary reaction based on the elementary reactions and substances includes:
based on the formulaCalculating the reaction rate of a kth substance, wherein the kth substance participates in the kth 1, k2,.. ni A reaction metering coefficient of an nth substance representing the ith elementary reaction, Y ni Representing the mole fraction of the nth species of the ith elementary reaction, gamma k，i Reaction metering coefficient, K, representing the ith elementary reaction in which the kth substance participates in the total package reaction fi A reaction rate constant representing the reaction of the ith primitive;
the reaction rate constant of the ith elementary reaction is based on the formulaCalculated, wherein A fi Representing the forward factor of the ith elementary reaction, T representing the gas system temperature, E fi Represents the activation energy of the ith elementary reaction, R represents the gas constant, beta fi A temperature index representing the reaction of the ith element.
Preferably, based on the reaction rate of each elementary reaction, the total heat generation rate of gas combustion and the mole fraction change rate of each substance are obtained, including:
based on the formulaCalculating to obtain the total heat generation rate of gas combustion;
based onFormula (VI)Calculating the mole fraction change rate of the kth substance, wherein ρ represents the density of the gas system, C p Represents the isobaric specific heat capacity, h, of the gas system k Represents the specific enthalpy of the kth substance, W k Represents the molar mass of the kth substance, Y k Represents the mole fraction of the kth species, when Y k At 0, the kth species does not contribute to the rate of heat generation.
A battery pack cooling system parameter design apparatus, comprising:
a first obtaining module, configured to perform a thermal runaway experiment on a target battery pack to obtain a gas type a generated by the target battery pack and a mass m of different types of gases a (a=1, 2,3,.,. A), wherein the target battery pack comprises B batteries, B, A is a positive integer of 1 or more;
a second obtaining module, configured to obtain a nitrogen mass m in the sealed space of the target battery pack according to a volume V of the sealed space of the target battery pack N And oxygen mass m O ；
A first determination module for determining the mass m of the different kinds of gases based on the gas type A a The mass m of nitrogen in the sealed space of the target battery pack N And oxygen mass m O Determining a gas system participating in gas combustion reaction, calculating to obtain the density rho of the gas system and the constant-pressure specific heat capacity C p And mole fraction Y of each gas c (c=1, 2,3,.,. C), wherein the gases involved in combustion in the gas system comprise C gases, each of which has a mass m c (c＝1，2，3，...，C)，m c The numerical value is B multiplied by m a Or m N ，m O ；
A second determination module for determining a total package reaction of combustion based on the gas system participating in the gas combustion reaction;
the third obtaining module is used for selecting a combustion dynamics model based on the total package reaction of combustion to obtain primitive reactions and substances corresponding to the total package reaction of combustion, wherein the combustion dynamics model reflects the combustion dynamics mechanism of the combustion process of the total package reaction, the total package reaction comprises i primitive reactions and k substances, and i and k are positive integers greater than or equal to 1;
a fourth obtaining module, configured to obtain a reaction rate of each primitive reaction based on the primitive reaction and the substance;
a fifth obtaining module, configured to obtain a total heat generation rate of gas combustion and a mole fraction change rate of each substance based on the reaction rate of each elementary reaction;
a sixth obtaining module, configured to obtain a heat balance equation of the gas system based on the total heat generation rate and a heat dissipation power of a cooling system, where the heat dissipation power is determined by the cooling system;
the adjusting module is used for combining the heat balance equation of the gas system and the structure of the cooling system to obtain the gas system temperature Tx after the time t0, and using an iterative method to adjust the parameters of the cooling system, wherein the parameters of the cooling system obtained after the adjustment enable the gas system temperature Tx after the time t0 to meet the temperature design requirement of the cooling system, and at least part of the parameters of the cooling system are used for determining the heat dissipation power of the cooling system.
In summary, the invention discloses a method for designing parameters of a battery pack cooling system, which comprises performing a thermal runaway test of a single battery on a target battery pack to obtain a gas type A generated by the target battery pack and a mass m of different types of gases when the parameters of the battery pack cooling system are required to be designed a (a=1, 2,3,.,. A.) obtaining the nitrogen mass m in the target battery pack enclosed space from the volume V of the target battery pack enclosed space N And oxygen mass m O The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Based on the mass m of the gas of the type A and the gas of the different types a Nitrogen mass m in the sealed space of the target battery pack N And oxygen mass m O Determining a gas system participating in gas combustion reaction, calculating to obtain the density rho of the gas system, and determining the pressure specific heat capacity C p And a mole fraction Yc (c=1, 2,3,.., C) of each gas, determining a total package reaction of combustion based on a gas system participating in the gas combustion reaction; based on the total package reaction of combustion, selecting a combustion dynamics model to obtain primitive reactions and substances corresponding to the total package reaction of combustion; obtaining the reaction rate of each elementary reaction based on the elementary reaction and the substance; based on the reaction rate of each elementary reaction, obtaining the total heat generation rate of gas combustion and the mole fraction change rate of each substance; obtaining a heat balance equation of the gas system based on the total heat generation rate and the heat dissipation power of the cooling system; and combining a heat balance equation of the gas system and the structure of the cooling system to obtain the temperature Tx of the gas system after the time t0, and adjusting parameters of the cooling system by using an iteration method, wherein the parameters of the cooling system obtained after the adjustment enable the temperature Tx of the gas system after the time t0 to meet the temperature design requirement of the cooling system. According to the invention, through the design based on the battery gas combustion model, the simulation result of the model can be utilized to replace an experiment, so that the design cost is reduced, the design period is shortened, the defects of high risk and high operation difficulty in the thermal runaway experiment of the battery pack are effectively overcome, and the safety of the battery pack after the thermal runaway is effectively ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for designing parameters of a cooling system for a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for designing parameters of a cooling system for a battery pack according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for adjusting parameters of a cooling system using an iterative method in accordance with the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a parameter design apparatus for a cooling system of a battery pack according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a method flowchart of an embodiment of a method for designing parameters of a cooling system of a battery pack according to the present disclosure may include the following steps:
s101, performing a single cell thermal runaway experiment on a target cell pack to obtain a gas type A generated by the target cell pack and the mass m of different types of gases a (a=1, 2,3,.,. A), wherein the target battery pack includes B batteries, B, A is a positive integer of 1 or more;
when parameters of the cooling system of the battery pack need to be designed, a battery gas combustion model needs to be established. In order to build a cell gas combustion model, it is necessary to obtain the kind and quality of the gas involved in the combustion reaction.
Therefore, firstly, a target battery pack is obtained, namely, a battery pack needing to be subjected to cooling system parameter design is obtained, then as shown in fig. 2, a single battery thermal runaway experiment is carried out on B batteries in the obtained target battery pack, and gases generated in the experimental process are collected to obtain A different types of gases generated by the target battery pack and the mass m of the different types of gases a (a=1, 2,3,) a. Wherein B, A are positive integers of 1 or more.
For example, in one embodiment, based on the number B of the target battery cells and the thermal runaway of the battery cells, the gas type a and the mass m of the different types of the battery cells are obtained a Obtaining a target battery pack through a single battery thermal runaway experimentThe obtained gas has a type A and a mass B×m of different types of gas a Among them, the thermal runaway test of the unit cell may be used.
S102, obtaining the mass m of nitrogen in the sealed space of the target battery pack according to the volume V of the sealed space of the target battery pack N And oxygen mass m O ；
Meanwhile, as shown in fig. 2, the volume V of the sealed space of the target battery pack can be obtained according to the structure of the target battery pack, so as to obtain the mass m of nitrogen in the sealed space of the target battery pack N And oxygen mass m O 。
For example, in one embodiment, the volume y of the sealed space of the target battery pack can be obtained according to the structure of the target battery pack, and the air mass m in the target battery pack can be obtained air ＝ρ air V, ρ under standard conditions air =1.29 g/L, nitrogen mass fraction isOxygen mass fraction-> And further obtaining the quality of the corresponding nitrogen and oxygen in the sealed space of the target battery pack: m is m N ＝0.756m air ，m O ＝0.233m air 。
S103, based on the gas type A and the mass m of different types of gases a Nitrogen mass m in the sealed space of the target battery pack N And oxygen mass m O Determining a gas system participating in gas combustion reaction, calculating to obtain the density rho of the gas system, and determining the pressure specific heat capacity C p And mole fraction Y of each gas c (c=1, 2,3,.,. C), wherein the gases involved in combustion in the gas system comprise C gases, each of the C gases having a mass m c (c＝1，2，3，...，C)，m c The numerical value is B multiplied by m a Or m N ，m O ；
According to the produced gas type A and the mass m of different types of gases a Nitrogen mass m in the sealed space of the target battery pack N And oxygen mass m O The gas system participating in the gas combustion reaction can be determined, wherein the gas participating in the combustion in the gas system comprises C gases, and the mass m of each gas in the C gases c (c＝1，2，3，...，C)，m c The numerical value is B multiplied by m a Or m N ，m O The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to the gas type C participating in combustion in the gas system, inquiring the gas information database to obtain the isobaric specific heat capacity C of each gas participating in combustion p，c (c=1, 2,3,.,. C.) m, according to the mass of each of the C gases c (c=1, 2,3,., C.) the isobaric specific heat capacity C of each gas involved in combustion p，c (c=1, 2,3,., C) calculating to obtain the density ρ of the gas system, the specific heat capacity C at constant pressure p And mole fraction Y of each gas c (c＝1，2，3，...，C)。
In particular, it can be based on the formulaCalculating to obtain the density rho of the gas system;
in particular, it can be based on the formulaCalculating to obtain constant pressure specific heat capacity C p ；
In particular, it can be based on the formulaThe mole fraction of the c-th gas was calculated.
S104, determining a total package reaction of combustion based on a gas system participating in the gas combustion reaction;
after the gas system participating in the gas combustion reaction is determined, the total package reaction of the gas combustion is further determined according to the gas system participating in the gas combustion reaction.
S105, selecting a combustion dynamics model based on a combustion total package reaction to obtain elementary reactions and substances corresponding to the combustion total package reaction, wherein the combustion dynamics model reflects a combustion dynamics mechanism of a combustion process of the total package reaction, and the total package reaction comprises i elementary reactions and k substances, and i and k are positive integers greater than or equal to 1;
as shown in fig. 2, further according to the combustion process of the total package reaction, a combustion dynamics model capable of reflecting the combustion dynamics mechanism of the combustion process is selected, so that the total package reaction of combustion corresponds to i primitive reactions and k substances. Wherein i and k are positive integers of 1 or more, respectively.
S106, obtaining the reaction rate of each elementary reaction based on the elementary reaction and the substance;
after the elementary reactions and substances corresponding to the total package reactions of the combustion are obtained, the reaction rate of each elementary reaction is further obtained according to the elementary reactions and substances.
For example, in one embodiment, the formula is based onCalculating the reaction rate of the kth substance, wherein the kth substance participates in the kth 1, k2, & gt, kj primitive reactions, the ith primitive reactions have Ni substances which participate in the reactions, and gamma ni The reaction metering coefficient of the nth substance representing the ith elementary reaction, Y ni Represents the mole fraction of the nth species of the ith elementary reaction, gamma k，i Reaction metering coefficient, K, representing the ith elementary reaction in which the kth substance participates in the total package reaction fi A reaction rate constant representing the reaction of the ith motif;
the reaction rate constant for the ith primitive reaction is based on the formulaCalculated, wherein A f i represents the forward factor of the ith elementary reaction, T represents the gas system temperature, E fi Represents the activation energy of the ith elementary reaction, R represents the gas constant, beta fi Indicating the temperature index of the ith elementary reaction. At a known positionIn the case of the total package reaction, the forward factor, activation energy and temperature index of each elementary reaction can be obtained by looking up the combustion dynamics database.
S107, obtaining the total heat generation rate of gas combustion and the mole fraction change rate of each substance based on the reaction rate of each elementary reaction;
after the reaction rate of each elementary reaction is obtained, as shown in fig. 2, the total heat generation rate of gas combustion and the mole fraction change rate of each substance are further obtained according to the reaction rate of each elementary reaction.
For example, in one embodiment, the formula is based onCalculating to obtain the total heat generation rate of gas combustion;
based on the formulaCalculating the mole fraction change rate of the kth substance, wherein ρ represents the density of the gas system, C p Represents the isobaric specific heat capacity, h, of the gas system k Represents the specific enthalpy of the kth substance, W k Represents the molar mass of the kth substance, Y k Represents the mole fraction of the kth species, when Y k At 0, the kth species does not contribute to the rate of heat generation.
S108, obtaining a heat balance equation of the gas system based on the total heat generation rate and the heat dissipation power of the cooling system, wherein the heat dissipation power is determined by the cooling system;
for example, in one embodiment, the gas system dissipates heat to the cooling system of the target battery pack during combustion, and as shown in FIG. 2, the heat balance equation of the gas system can be obtained based on the total heat generation rate and the heat dissipation power of the cooling systemWherein (1)>Is a cooling systemIs provided.
S109, combining a heat balance equation of the gas system and a structure of the cooling system to obtain a gas system temperature Tx after the time t0, and adjusting parameters of the cooling system by using an iterative method, wherein the parameters of the cooling system obtained after the adjustment enable the gas system temperature Tx after the time t0 to meet the temperature design requirement of the cooling system, and at least part of the parameters of the cooling system are used for determining the heat dissipation power of the cooling system.
As shown in fig. 2, the gas system temperature Tx after the time t0 is obtained by combining the heat balance equation of the gas system and the structure of the cooling system, and the cooling system design parameters are obtained by iteration.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the following steps may be included:
s301, inputting initial parameters of the cooling system, and calculating heat dissipation power corresponding to the cooling system
When the cooling system is of a type using phase change material, the heat dissipation power isWherein the initial parameters of the cooling system include: mass m of phase change material undergoing phase change tr And latent heat of phase change ΔH tr ；
When the cooling system is of a type using air cooling, the heat dissipation power isWherein the initial parameters of the cooling system include: convection heat exchange area A in air cooling system tr Average convection heat exchange coefficient h in air cooling system tr And the temperature difference delta T between the temperature in the battery pack and the outside environment temperature tr 。
S302, simulating a target battery pack and a cooling system by combining a heat balance equation and heat dissipation power to obtain a gas system temperature Tx after time t 0;
s303, judgingWhether the gas system temperature Tx is lower than or equal to the target temperature T 0 If yes, the process proceeds to S304, and if no, the process proceeds to S305:
s304, determining initial parameters of the cooling system as parameters of the cooling system;
when the cooling system is of a type using phase change material, if the gas system temperature Tx is less than or equal to the target temperature T 0 Mass m of the phase change material which is to be phase-changed at present tr Latent heat of phase change ΔH tr Determining parameters of a cooling system;
when the cooling system is of a type using air cooling, if the gas system temperature Tx is lower than or equal to the target temperature T 0 Average convection heat exchange coefficient h in air cooling system tr Heat exchange area a in an air-cooled system tr Temperature difference delta T between internal temperature and external environment temperature of battery pack tr Is determined as a parameter of the cooling system.
S305, adjusting initial parameters of the cooling system.
When the cooling system is of a type using phase change material, if the gas system temperature Tx is higher than the target temperature T 0 The initial parameters of the cooling system are adjusted until the temperature Tx of the gas system after the time T0 of the gas system obtained by simulating the target battery pack and the cooling system is lower than or equal to the target temperature T, wherein the heat dissipation power and the heat balance equation of the cooling system are obtained based on the adjusted parameters 0 And determining the adjusted parameter as the parameter of the cooling system. Wherein the initial parameters of the cooling system are adjusted by increasing the mass m of the phase change material tr Or increase the latent heat of phase change delta H tr 。
When the cooling system is of a type using air cooling, if the gas system temperature Tx is higher than the target temperature T 0 The initial parameters of the cooling system are adjusted until the temperature Tx of the gas system after the time T0 of the gas system obtained by simulating the target battery pack and the cooling system is lower than or equal to the target temperature T, wherein the heat dissipation power and the heat balance equation of the cooling system are obtained based on the adjusted parameters 0 Will be adjustedThe parameter is determined as a parameter of the cooling system. Wherein, the initial parameters of the cooling system can be adjusted by increasing the convection heat exchange area A tr Or increasing the average convective heat transfer coefficient h tr 。
In summary, through the design based on the battery gas combustion model, the simulation result of the model can be utilized to replace an experiment, so that the design cost is reduced, the design period is shortened, the defects of high risk and high operation difficulty in the thermal runaway experiment of the battery pack are effectively overcome, and the safety of the battery pack after the thermal runaway is effectively ensured.
As shown in fig. 4, a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a parameter design apparatus for a cooling system of a battery pack according to the present disclosure may include:
a first obtaining module 401, configured to perform a thermal runaway test on a target battery pack to obtain a gas type a generated by the target battery pack and a mass m of different types of gases a (a=1, 2,3,.,. A), wherein the target battery pack comprises B batteries, B, A is a positive integer of 1 or more;
a second obtaining module 402, configured to obtain a nitrogen mass m in the sealed space of the target battery pack according to the volume V of the sealed space of the target battery pack N And oxygen mass m O ；
A first determination module 403 for determining the mass m of the different kinds of gases based on the gas kind A a Nitrogen mass m in the sealed space of the target battery pack N And oxygen mass m O Determining a gas system participating in gas combustion reaction, calculating to obtain the density rho of the gas system, and determining the pressure specific heat capacity C p And mole fraction Y of each gas c (c=1, 2,3,.,. C), wherein the gases involved in combustion in the gas system comprise C gases, each of the C gases having a mass m c (c＝1，2，3，...，C)，m c The numerical value is B multiplied by m a Or m N ，m O ；
A second determination module 404 for determining a total package reaction of combustion based on the gas system participating in the gas combustion reaction;
a third obtaining module 405, configured to select a combustion dynamics model based on a total package reaction of combustion, to obtain elementary reactions and substances corresponding to the total package reaction of combustion, where the combustion dynamics model reflects a combustion dynamics mechanism of a combustion process of the total package reaction, the total package reaction includes i elementary reactions and k substances, and i and k are positive integers greater than or equal to 1;
a fourth obtaining module 406, configured to obtain a reaction rate of each primitive reaction based on the primitive reactions and the substances;
a fifth obtaining module 407, configured to obtain a total heat generating rate of gas combustion and a mole fraction change rate of each substance based on the reaction rate of each elementary reaction;
a sixth obtaining module 408, configured to obtain a heat balance equation of the gas system based on the total heat generating rate and a heat dissipating power of the cooling system, where the heat dissipating power is determined by the cooling system;
a regulating module 409 for obtaining the temperature T of the gas system after the lapse of time T0 by combining the heat balance equation of the gas system and the structure of the cooling system x And adjusting parameters of the cooling system by using an iteration method, wherein the parameters of the cooling system obtained after adjustment enable the gas system temperature Tx after the time t0 to meet the temperature design requirement of the cooling system, and at least part of the parameters of the cooling system are used for determining the heat dissipation power of the cooling system.
In summary, the working principle of the parameter design device for the battery pack cooling system disclosed in the embodiment is the same as that of the above method for designing the parameter of the battery pack cooling system, and will not be described herein again.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the various illustrative elements and steps are described above generally in terms of functionality in order to clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. The software modules may be disposed in Random Access Memory (RAM), memory, read Only Memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. A method for designing parameters of a cooling system of a battery pack, comprising:
performing a single battery thermal runaway experiment on a target battery pack to obtain a gas type A generated by the target battery pack and the mass m of different types of gases a Wherein the target battery pack includes B batteries, B, A is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, a=1, 2,3, a;
according to the volume V of the sealed space of the target battery pack, obtainingThe mass m of nitrogen in the sealed space of the target battery pack N And oxygen mass m O ；
Based on the mass m of the gas type A and the gas of the different type a The mass m of nitrogen in the sealed space of the target battery pack N And oxygen mass m O Determining a gas system participating in gas combustion reaction, calculating to obtain the density rho of the gas system and the constant-pressure specific heat capacity C p And mole fraction Y of each gas c Wherein the gas involved in combustion in the gas system comprises C gases, and the mass m of each gas in the C gases c ，m c The numerical value is B multiplied by m a Or m N ,m O C=1, 2,3,; wherein, based on formulaCalculating to obtain the constant pressure specific heat capacity based on the formula +.>Calculating to obtain the mole fraction of the c-th gas; c (C) p，c For the isobaric specific heat capacity of the gases involved in combustion, c=1, 2,3,.. c Represents the molar mass of the c-th substance;
determining a total package reaction of combustion based on the gas system participating in the gas combustion reaction;
selecting a combustion dynamics model based on the total package reaction of combustion to obtain primitive reactions and substances corresponding to the total package reaction of combustion, wherein the combustion dynamics model reflects a combustion dynamics mechanism of a combustion process of the total package reaction, and the total package reaction comprises i primitive reactions and k substances, and i and k are positive integers greater than or equal to 1;
obtaining the reaction rate of various substances based on the primitive reaction and the substances;
based on the reaction rates of the various substances, obtaining the total heat generation rate of gas combustion and the mole fraction change rate of each substance;
obtaining a heat balance equation of the gas system based on the total heat generation rate and the heat dissipation power of a cooling system, wherein the heat dissipation power is determined by the cooling system;
combining a heat balance equation of the gas system and a structure of the cooling system to obtain a gas system temperature Tx after the time t0, and adjusting parameters of the cooling system by using an iterative method, wherein the parameters of the cooling system obtained after the adjustment enable the gas system temperature Tx after the time t0 to meet the temperature design requirement of the cooling system, and at least part of parameters of the cooling system are used for determining the heat dissipation power of the cooling system;
wherein the reaction rate of various substances is obtained based on the primitive reaction and the substances, and the reaction rate comprises:
based on the formulaCalculating the reaction rate of the kth substance, wherein the kth substance participates in the reactions of the kth 1, k2, … and kj motifs, the ith motif reaction participates in the reactions of the Ni substance, and gamma ni A reaction metering coefficient of an nth substance representing the ith elementary reaction, Y ni Representing the mole fraction of the nth species of the ith elementary reaction, gamma k，i Reaction metering coefficient, K, representing the ith elementary reaction in which the kth substance participates in the total package reaction fi A reaction rate constant representing the reaction of the ith primitive;
the reaction rate constant of the ith elementary reaction is based on the formulaCalculated, wherein A fi Representing the forward factor of the ith elementary reaction, T representing the gas system temperature, E fi Represents the activation energy of the ith elementary reaction, R represents the gas constant, beta fi A temperature index representing the reaction of the ith primitive;
the method for obtaining the total heat generation rate of gas combustion and the mole fraction change rate of each substance based on the reaction rates of the various substances comprises the following steps:
based on the formulaCalculating to obtain the total heat generation rate of gas combustion;
based on the formulaCalculating the mole fraction change rate of the kth substance, wherein ρ represents the density of the gas system, C p Represents the constant pressure specific heat capacity of the gas system, h k Represents the specific enthalpy of the kth substance, W k Represents the molar mass of the kth substance, Y k Represents the mole fraction of the kth species, when Y k At 0, the kth species does not contribute to the rate of heat generation, k=1, 2, 3.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat dissipation power is when the cooling system is of a type that uses phase change materialWherein m is tr Is the mass, ΔH, of the phase change material that undergoes a phase change tr The method is to obtain the temperature Tx of the gas system after the time t0 by combining the heat balance equation of the gas system and the structure of the cooling system, and adjust the parameters of the cooling system by using an iterative method, wherein the parameters of the cooling system obtained after adjustment enable the temperature Tx of the gas system after the time t0 to meet the temperature design requirement of the cooling system, and the method comprises the following steps:
simulating the target battery pack and the cooling system by combining the heat balance equation and the heat dissipation power to obtain a gas system temperature Tx after the time t 0;
determining whether the gas system temperature Tx is lower than or equal to a target temperature T 0 If yes, the mass m of the phase change material which is subjected to the phase change at present tr Latent heat of phase change ΔH tr Is determined to be theIf not, the initial parameters of the cooling system are adjusted until the heat dissipation power of the cooling system and the heat balance equation obtained based on the adjusted parameters, the target battery pack and the cooling system are simulated to obtain a gas system temperature Tx after the elapsed time T0 of the gas system is lower than or equal to the target temperature T 0 And determining the adjusted parameter as the parameter of the cooling system.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein adjusting initial parameters of the cooling system comprises:
increasing mass m of phase change material tr Or increase the latent heat of phase change delta H tr 。
4. The method of claim 1, wherein when the cooling system is configured to use air cooling, the heat dissipation power isWherein h is tr Is the average convection heat exchange coefficient in the air cooling system, A tr Is the heat exchange area, deltaT, in an air-cooled system tr The temperature difference between the temperature in the battery pack and the external environment temperature is combined with a heat balance equation of the gas system and the structure of the cooling system to obtain the gas system temperature Tx after the time t0, the parameter of the cooling system is adjusted by using an iterative method, and the parameter of the cooling system obtained after the adjustment enables the gas system temperature Tx after the time t0 to meet the temperature design requirement of the cooling system, and the method comprises the following steps:
simulating the target battery pack and the cooling system by combining the heat balance equation and the heat dissipation power to obtain a gas system temperature Tx after the time t 0;
determining whether the gas system temperature Tx is lower than or equal to a target temperature T 0 If yes, the average convection heat exchange coefficient h in the air cooling system is calculated tr Heat exchange area a in an air-cooled system tr Temperature difference delta T between internal temperature and external environment temperature of battery pack tr Determining the parameters of the cooling system, if not, adjusting the initial parameters of the cooling system until the temperature Tx of the gas system obtained by simulating the target battery pack and the cooling system based on the heat dissipation power of the cooling system and the heat balance equation obtained by the adjusted parameters is lower than or equal to the target temperature T after the elapsed time T0 of the gas system 0 And determining the adjusted parameter as the parameter of the cooling system.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein adjusting initial parameters of the cooling system comprises:
increase the convection heat exchange area A tr Or increasing the average convective heat transfer coefficient h tr 。
6. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the thermal runaway test of the single battery is performed on the target battery pack to obtain the gas type a generated by the target battery pack and the mass m of different types of gases a Comprising:
based on the number B of the battery cells of the target battery pack and the gas type A and the mass m of different types of gases of the battery cells obtained by the battery cells through a thermal runaway experiment of the battery cells a Obtaining the gas type A obtained by the thermal runaway experiment of the single battery of the target battery pack and the mass B multiplied by m of different types of gases a Wherein, the single battery thermal runaway experiment adopts an adiabatic thermal runaway test.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the mass m of the different kinds of gases based on the gas kind A a The mass m of nitrogen in the sealed space of the target battery pack N And oxygen mass m O Determining a gas system participating in gas combustion reaction, calculating to obtain the density rho of the gas system, and determining the pressure specific heat capacity C P And each gasMole fraction Y c C=1, 2,3, C, comprising:
based on the formulaThe density ρ of the gas system is calculated.
8. A battery pack cooling system parameter design apparatus, comprising:
a first obtaining module, configured to perform a thermal runaway experiment on a target battery pack to obtain a gas type a generated by the target battery pack and a mass m of different types of gases a Wherein the target battery pack includes B batteries, B, A is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1, a=1, 2,3, a;
a second obtaining module, configured to obtain a nitrogen mass m in the sealed space of the target battery pack according to a volume V of the sealed space of the target battery pack N And oxygen mass m O ；
A first determination module for determining the mass m of the different kinds of gases based on the gas type A a The mass m of nitrogen in the sealed space of the target battery pack N And oxygen mass m O Determining a gas system participating in gas combustion reaction, calculating to obtain the density rho of the gas system and the constant-pressure specific heat capacity C p And mole fraction Y of each gas c Wherein the gas involved in combustion in the gas system comprises C gases, and the mass m of each gas in the C gases c ，m c The numerical value is B multiplied by m a Or m N ,m O C=1, 2,3,; wherein, based on formulaCalculating to obtain the constant-pressure specific heat capacity C p Based on the formulaCalculating to obtain the mole fraction of the c-th gas; c (C) p，c For the isobaric specific heat capacity of the gases involved in combustion, c=1, 2,3,.. c Represents the molar mass of the c-th substance;
a second determination module for determining a total package reaction of combustion based on the gas system participating in the gas combustion reaction;
the third obtaining module is used for selecting a combustion dynamics model based on the total package reaction of combustion to obtain primitive reactions and substances corresponding to the total package reaction of combustion, wherein the combustion dynamics model reflects the combustion dynamics mechanism of the combustion process of the total package reaction, the total package reaction comprises i primitive reactions and k substances, and i and k are positive integers greater than or equal to 1;
a fourth obtaining module, configured to obtain reaction rates of various substances based on the primitive reactions and substances;
a fifth obtaining module for obtaining a total heat generation rate of gas combustion and a mole fraction change rate of each substance based on the reaction rates of the various substances;
a sixth obtaining module, configured to obtain a heat balance equation of the gas system based on the total heat generation rate and a heat dissipation power of a cooling system, where the heat dissipation power is determined by the cooling system;
the adjusting module is used for combining a heat balance equation of the gas system and the structure of the cooling system to obtain the gas system temperature Tx after the time t0, and adjusting the parameters of the cooling system by using an iterative method, wherein the parameters of the cooling system obtained after the adjustment enable the gas system temperature Tx after the time t0 to meet the temperature design requirement of the cooling system, and at least part of the parameters of the cooling system are used for determining the heat dissipation power of the cooling system;
wherein the reaction rate of various substances is obtained based on the primitive reaction and the substances, and the reaction rate comprises:
based on the formulaCalculating the reaction rate of the kth substance, wherein the kth substanceThe k substances participate in the reactions of the k1 th, k2 th, … th, kj primitive reactions, the i primitive reactions participate in the reactions of the Ni substances, gamma ni A reaction metering coefficient of an nth substance representing the ith elementary reaction, Y ni Representing the mole fraction, y, of the nth species of the ith elementary reaction k，i Reaction metering coefficient, K, representing the ith elementary reaction in which the kth substance participates in the total package reaction fi A reaction rate constant representing the reaction of the ith primitive;
the reaction rate constant of the ith elementary reaction is based on the formulaCalculated, wherein A fi Representing the forward factor of the ith elementary reaction, T representing the gas system temperature, E fi Represents the activation energy of the ith elementary reaction, R represents the gas constant, beta fi A temperature index representing the reaction of the ith primitive;
the method for obtaining the total heat generation rate of gas combustion and the mole fraction change rate of each substance based on the reaction rate of the substances comprises the following steps:
based on the formulaCalculating to obtain the total heat generation rate of gas combustion;
based on the formulaCalculating the mole fraction change rate of the kth substance, wherein ρ represents the density of the gas system, C p Represents the isobaric specific heat capacity, h, of the gas system k Represents the specific enthalpy of the kth substance, W k Represents the molar mass of the kth substance, Y k Represents the mole fraction of the kth species, when Y k At 0, the kth species does not contribute to the rate of heat generation, k=1, 2, 3.
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