CN115561646A - Method and device for testing external short circuit experiment of lithium ion battery in dynamic pressure and variable temperature environment - Google Patents
Method and device for testing external short circuit experiment of lithium ion battery in dynamic pressure and variable temperature environment Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010000369 Accident Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011076 safety test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/378—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] specially adapted for the type of battery or accumulator
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
Under the wide temperature range of aviation, wide atmospheric pressure environment, if lithium ion battery takes place outer short circuit trouble, short circuit duration is overlength, then battery self heat accumulation easily causes the battery safety problem, even thermal runaway. The invention provides a method and a device for testing an external short circuit experiment of a lithium ion battery in a dynamic pressure and temperature changing environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power batteries, and particularly relates to a method and a device for testing an external short circuit experiment of a lithium ion battery in a dynamic pressure and temperature changing environment.
Background
In recent years, due to rapid development of lithium ion battery technology, it has been widely used in various fields including the field of civil aviation. However, the lithium ion battery brings convenience and safety hidden danger. Lithium ion batteries are very prone to thermal runaway under abuse conditions such as force, heat, electricity and the like. In electrical abuse conditions, external short circuit failure is a common way to induce battery system failure and safety issues. However, the trigger mode of the external short-circuit fault is not fixed, and is often accidental, and the external short-circuit fault is caused by the short circuit of the battery electrode due to the falling of the lead caused by one-time accidental collision. When the lithium ion battery has an external short circuit fault, if the lithium ion battery cannot be timely treated, heat is accumulated and cannot be effectively dissipated, so that thermal runaway of the battery can be caused, and further a fire disaster is caused.
The invention discloses an experimental system and experimental steps for simulating the thermal runaway induced by the external short circuit of a lithium battery (application number: CN201911075631.9, publication number: CN 110687456A), the device comprises a centrifugal fan, an explosion-proof box, a paperless recorder, a continuous gas tester, a computer and a camera, an air inlet cylinder is connected between an air outlet of the centrifugal fan and one end of the explosion-proof box, a fixed column is fixedly arranged on the upper surface inside the explosion-proof box, temperature detecting heads are arranged on the fixed column, an insulating plate is embedded in the lower surface inside the explosion-proof box, an electronic balance scale and a photographing type three-dimensional scanner are arranged on the insulating plate, an infrared scanner is arranged on the inner top surface of the explosion-proof box corresponding to the upper part of the electronic balance scale, a lithium battery pack is arranged on the electronic balance, one end of the explosion-proof box far away from the air inlet cylinder is connected with an air outlet cylinder, the other end of the air outlet cylinder is connected with a third ball valve, and the other end of the third ball valve is connected with an aluminum foil exhaust pipe. The method is used for experimental simulation of the lithium battery pack to generate external short circuit and thermal runaway.
The invention relates to a dynamic pressure temperature-changing experimental cabin (application number: CN201910200287.5, publication (public) number: CN 109876873A), which comprises a cabin body, a temperature adjusting system and an air pressure adjusting system, wherein the air pressure adjusting system is connected with the cabin body, the temperature adjusting system is arranged on the inner wall of the cabin body, a temperature detector and an air detector are arranged on the inner wall of the cabin body, a combustion base is arranged in the cabin body, and a combustible is arranged in the combustion base and consists of aviation kerosene, a paper box and a lithium battery. The dynamic pressure variable temperature experiment chamber can effectively form an experiment chamber structure capable of simulating a high-altitude environment through the arrangement of the chamber body, the temperature adjusting system and the air pressure adjusting system, and can effectively simulate the fire accident of an airplane in the high-altitude process through the combustion of combustible materials on the combustion base through the arrangement of the temperature detecting meter, the air detecting meter and the combustion base.
The utility model relates to a simulation lithium cell external short circuit induces thermal runaway experimental system (application number: CN202022673486.9, publication (bulletin) number: CN 213457288U), including box, camera, temperature detection instrument and driving motor, the lower surface of box is breach column structure, explosion-proof glass's rear side is provided with the mounting panel that is connected with the box, the inside top fixedly connected with fixed plate of box, sheathed tube inside bottom is connected with the film, the top surface of inner bag is connected with the connecting plate, the temperature detection instrument is installed to the inner wall of box, the internally mounted of landing leg has driving motor, and driving motor's output is connected with the threaded rod, the below of box is provided with the diaphragm, and the upper surface of diaphragm is connected with the rubber pad, the upper surface of rubber pad is connected with the support plate. The experimental system for simulating the thermal runaway induced by the external short circuit of the lithium battery has the advantages that when the fire is small, the fire extinguishing agent does not need to be manually sprayed to extinguish the fire.
The civil aviation field has high requirements on safety, and any sign which may cause safety problems needs to be considered, especially the sign which may occur in the flight process of an airplane. With the increase of the flying altitude of an airplane, the environment of the airborne temperature and the air pressure changes, and the external short circuit fault and the safety problem of the battery under the corresponding environment are an important research topic. However, the existing experimental device related to the external short circuit of the battery basically induces thermal runaway by external short circuit of the battery under normal temperature and normal pressure, and an experimental device and a method which can be used for researching the external short circuit fault and the safety problem of the battery under the dynamic temperature and air pressure environment of aviation are lacked.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop an external short circuit experimental device and method for lithium ion batteries, which are applicable to aviation temperature and atmospheric pressure environments, and to explore the safety problem and the internal mechanism of the battery in which external short circuit faults occur in corresponding environments. On the basis, the invention provides an experimental device and a method which can solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Under the environment of wide temperature range and wide air pressure of aviation, if the lithium ion battery has an external short circuit fault and the short circuit duration is too long, the heat of the battery is accumulated, and the safety problem of the battery, even thermal runaway, is easily caused; the invention provides a method and a device for testing an external short circuit experiment of a lithium ion battery in a dynamic pressure and temperature changing environment.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the lithium ion battery external short circuit experiment testing device under the dynamic pressure temperature changing environment comprises a battery testing cabin, an air pressure adjusting system, a cooling system, a heating system, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a battery junction box and a short circuit resistance box, wherein the battery testing cabin is provided with the air pressure adjusting system to adjust the internal air pressure, and the pressure sensor reads an air pressure value; the battery test chamber is provided with a cooling system and a heating system to adjust the internal temperature, and a temperature sensor reads the temperature value; the battery junction box is connected with the short-circuit resistance box in series to form a loop and is arranged in the battery test chamber. According to the scheme, the short circuit characteristics and parameters of the battery are detected by adjusting the temperature, the air pressure and the short circuit resistance parameters, so that an external short circuit test of the lithium ion battery in a dynamic pressure and temperature changing environment is realized, and support is provided for researching the safety problem and the internal mechanism of the lithium ion battery in the external short circuit fault in the aviation temperature and air pressure environment.
As the preferred scheme of the testing device, a transparent glass window is arranged on the battery testing cabin and is opposite to the battery junction box.
As the preferred scheme of the testing device, the air pressure adjusting system comprises a vacuum pump, a one-way air suction port and a one-way air inlet, the one-way air suction port and the one-way air inlet are connected into the battery testing cabin, and the vacuum pump is communicated with the one-way air suction port and the one-way air inlet through pipelines.
As the preferred scheme of the testing device, the cooling system comprises an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, a liquid storage tank, an expansion valve and a fan motor, wherein the evaporator is arranged inside the battery testing cabin, the condenser is arranged outside the battery testing cabin, the evaporator, the compressor, the condenser, the liquid storage tank and the expansion valve are sequentially connected through pipelines, and the fan motor is over against the compressor.
As the preferred scheme of testing arrangement, heating system includes heater strip and constant voltage power supply, and the heater strip is installed inside the battery test chamber, and the heater strip is connected with constant voltage power supply electricity.
As the preferred scheme of the testing device, the temperature sensors are provided with a plurality of temperature sensors which are respectively and uniformly attached to the batteries to be tested.
As a preferred scheme of the testing device, the short-circuit resistance box comprises a short-circuit resistor, a short-circuit resistor contact piece, a rotating disc, a short-circuit resistor contact piece fixer and a variable resistance motor; the short-circuit resistance contact piece fixers are arranged on the same circumference by taking the rotating disc as the center, and short-circuit resistances with different resistance values are arranged on branches of the short-circuit resistance contact piece fixers and then are connected to a terminal of a short-circuit resistance box; the short-circuit resistance contact piece is arranged on the rotating disc and is connected into the other terminal of the short-circuit resistance box; the rotating disc is driven by a variable resistance motor.
As the preferred scheme of the testing device, the short-circuit resistance box also comprises a rotating pivot, and the rotating pivot drives the front end of the short-circuit resistance contact piece to stand up or put down.
As the preferred scheme of the testing device, the testing device also comprises a battery tester and a paperless recorder, wherein the battery tester and the paperless recorder are connected in series in a loop of the battery junction box and the short-circuit resistance box.
The test method for the lithium ion battery external short circuit experiment in the dynamic pressure and temperature changing environment adopts the test device for the lithium ion battery external short circuit experiment in the dynamic pressure and temperature changing environment to implement the following steps: installing a battery to be tested in a battery junction box; the rotating disc is driven to rotate by the resistance-variable motor, and short-circuit resistors with different resistance values are connected into a loop; setting the air pressure in the battery test chamber through an air pressure adjusting system; setting the temperature in the battery test chamber through a cooling system and a heating system; the test is started and the cell test phenomenon is observed through the transparent glass window; and changing the resistance value of the short-circuit resistor and the air pressure or temperature experimental conditions in the battery test chamber, and observing the battery test phenomenon.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the invention can realize the external short circuit test of the lithium ion battery under the dynamic pressure and variable temperature environment and monitor the original characteristic parameter change of each module in the short circuit process in real time. The tester can utilize the obtained original data to analyze and explore the influence of the temperature and air pressure changes on the safety of the lithium ion battery after the external short circuit in the environment of dynamic pressure and variable temperature. And the short-circuit resistance in the short-circuit resistance box can be replaced through corresponding requirements, so that the test environment needing to be carried out can be better attached.
2. The invention can observe whether the shape of the battery is deformed or not in an external short circuit test under the dynamic pressure and temperature changing environment through the transparent glass window and observe the voltage, current and surface temperature change of the battery in the short circuit process through the electronic display screen. And in a thermal runaway test induced by external short circuit of the battery, a thermal runaway phenomenon induced by the external short circuit at a dynamic pressure variable temperature and parameter changes of voltage, current and temperature of an electronic display screen can be observed through the transparent glass window.
3. The invention carries out external short circuit test and thermal runaway test induced by external short circuit on the lithium ion battery at the temperature. The tester can collect gas products in the thermal runaway process induced by external short circuit caused by external resistance of short circuit and different environmental temperatures and pressures at the air outlet, and analyze the gas components by means of related instruments.
4. In addition, when the short circuit degree of the short circuit variable resistance contact device is overlarge, the short circuit variable resistance contact device can erect the short circuit resistance contact piece through the rotating bearing, so that a short circuit is effectively disconnected, and the overall safety is improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a front view of the apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a rear view of the device;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the apparatus;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a battery mounting;
FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of a short-circuit resistor box;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a short-circuit resistive contactor.
Reference numbers and corresponding part names: 1-battery testing cabin door, 2-cabin door switch handle, 3-shell, 4-transparent glass window, 5-exhaust port, 6-valve, 7-electronic display screen, 8-power switch key, 9-direction key up, 10-direction key left, 11-confirmation key, 12-direction key down, 13-direction key right, 14-vacuum pump, 15-liquid storage bottle, 16-condenser, 17-one-way suction port, 18-one-way air inlet, 19-expansion valve, 20-lead, 21-positive connector, 22-heating wire, 23-battery, 24-temperature sensor, 25-pressure sensor, 26-negative connector, 27-evaporator, 28-compressor, 29-stabilized power supply, 30-blower motor, 31-variable resistance motor, 32-short circuit resistance box, 33-battery tester, 34-paperless recorder, 35-short circuit resistance, 36-short circuit resistance, 37-rotary hinge, 38-rotary disc, and 39-short circuit contact sheet resistance fixer.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description of the principles, features and the like of the present invention is made with reference to the following examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are only used for explaining the present invention, and are not used as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The terms used in the present specification are those general terms currently widely used in the art in consideration of functions related to the present disclosure, but they may be changed according to the intention of a person having ordinary skill in the art, precedent, or new technology in the art. Also, specific terms may be selected by the applicant, and in this case, their detailed meanings will be described in the detailed description of the present disclosure. Therefore, the terms used in the specification should not be construed as simple names but based on the meanings of the terms and the overall description of the present disclosure.
Under the environment of wide temperature range and wide air pressure of aviation, if the lithium ion battery has an external short circuit fault and the short circuit duration is too long, the heat of the battery is accumulated, and the safety problem of the battery, even thermal runaway, is easily caused; the invention provides a method and a device for testing an external short circuit experiment of a lithium ion battery in a dynamic pressure and temperature changing environment.
The invention is realized by the following specific embodiments:
example 1
As shown in fig. 1, 2, and 3, the external short circuit experimental testing device for a lithium ion battery in a dynamic pressure and temperature changing environment comprises a battery testing chamber, an air pressure adjusting system, a cooling system, a heating system, a pressure sensor 25, a temperature sensor 24, a battery junction box, and a short circuit resistance box 32, wherein the air pressure adjusting system is configured in the battery testing chamber to adjust the internal air pressure, and the pressure sensor 25 reads an air pressure value; the battery test chamber is provided with a cooling system and a heating system to adjust the internal temperature, and a temperature sensor 24 reads the temperature value; the battery junction box is connected with the short-circuit resistance box 32 in series to form a loop and is arranged inside the battery test chamber. The external short circuit test platform can be used for researching the external short circuit of the lithium ion battery in different temperature and air pressure environments, the short circuit characteristics and parameters of the battery 23 are detected by adjusting the temperature, the air pressure and the short circuit resistance parameters, the external short circuit test of the lithium ion battery 23 in a dynamic pressure and temperature changing environment is realized, and support is provided for researching the safety problem and the internal mechanism of the external short circuit fault of the lithium ion battery 23 in the aviation temperature and air pressure environments.
As an alternative embodiment of the testing device, as shown in FIG. 1, a transparent glass window 4 is arranged on the battery testing chamber, and the transparent glass window 4 faces the battery junction box. Specifically, the battery test chamber comprises a battery test chamber door 1, a chamber door switch handle 2, a shell 3, a transparent glass window 4, an exhaust port 5 and a movable valve 6, wherein the transparent glass window 4 and the exhaust port 5 are installed at the top of the shell 3, and the movable valve 6 is arranged in the exhaust port 5. The battery test chamber is also provided with an electronic display screen 7, a direction key upper 9, a direction key left 10, a confirmation key 11, a direction key lower 12, a direction key right 13 and a power switch key 8.
As an alternative embodiment of the testing device, as shown in fig. 2, the air pressure adjusting system includes a vacuum pump 14, a one-way air suction port 17 and a one-way air inlet 18, the one-way air suction port 17 and the one-way air inlet 18 are connected to the inside of the battery test compartment, and the vacuum pump 14 is communicated with the one-way air suction port 17 and the one-way air inlet 18 through a pipeline. Specifically, the air pressure adjusting system is provided with a vacuum pump 14 right behind the shell 3, and is connected with a one-way air suction port 17 and a one-way air inlet 18 on the shell 3 through an air suction pipe, so as to adjust the pressure in the battery test chamber.
As an alternative embodiment of the testing device, as shown in fig. 3, the cooling system includes an evaporator 27, a compressor 28, a condenser 16, a liquid storage tank 15, an expansion valve 19 and a fan motor 30, the evaporator 27 is disposed inside the battery test chamber, the condenser 16 is disposed outside the battery test chamber, the evaporator 27, the compressor 28, the condenser 16, the liquid storage tank 15 and the expansion valve 19 are sequentially connected through pipes, and the fan motor 30 faces the compressor 28. Specifically, an evaporator 27 is installed in an interlayer between the shell 3 and the battery test chamber, and is sequentially connected with a compressor 28, a condenser 16, a liquid storage tank 15 and an expansion valve 19 through pipelines, a fan motor 30 is connected with the compressor 28, refrigerant liquid is effectively circulated in the cooling system through the compressor 28, liquid refrigerant is subjected to heat exchange in the evaporator 27 and is converted into low-pressure gaseous refrigerant, the low-pressure gaseous refrigerant is converted into high-temperature high-pressure gaseous refrigerant by the compressor 28, the high-temperature high-pressure gaseous refrigerant is converted into high-temperature high-pressure liquid refrigerant in the condenser 16, the high-temperature high-pressure liquid refrigerant is converted into low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant through throttling of the expansion valve 19, finally the low-temperature low-pressure liquid refrigerant is converted into low-temperature low-pressure gaseous refrigerant through the evaporator 27, a cycle is formed in the whole process, and the temperature in the battery test chamber can be effectively reduced through the circulation of the refrigerant in liquid and gaseous states repeatedly in the cooling system.
As an alternative embodiment of the testing device, as shown in FIG. 3, the heating system comprises a heating wire 22 and a regulated power supply 29, the heating wire 22 is installed inside the battery test chamber, and the heating wire 22 is electrically connected with the regulated power supply 29. Specifically, a heating wire 22 is installed at the bottom in the battery test chamber, the heating wire 22 is connected with a stabilized voltage power supply 29 through a lead, and the temperature rising rate of the heating wire 22 is adjusted by the output current of the stabilized voltage power supply 29, so that the temperature in the chamber is changed. As shown in fig. 4, the temperature sensors 24 are provided with a plurality of (3 in this embodiment) and are respectively and uniformly attached to the batteries to be tested 2 along the length direction.
As an alternative embodiment of the testing device, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the short-circuit resistance box 32 includes a short-circuit resistor 35, a short-circuit resistance contact piece 36, a rotary disk 38, a short-circuit resistance contact piece holder 39 and a variable resistance motor 31; a plurality of (5 in this embodiment) short-circuit resistance contact sheet holders 39 are arranged on the same circumference with the rotating disk 38 as the center, and short-circuit resistances 35 with different resistance values are arranged on branches of each short-circuit resistance contact sheet holder 39, and then are connected to the terminals of the short-circuit resistance box 32; a short-circuit resistance contact piece 36 is arranged on the rotary disk 38 and is connected to the other terminal of the short-circuit resistance box 32; the rotary disk 38 is driven by the variable resistance motor 31. The short-circuit resistance box 32 further comprises a rotary hinge 37, and the rotary hinge 37 drives the front end of the short-circuit resistance contact piece 36 to rise or fall. As shown in fig. 3, the testing apparatus further includes a battery tester 33 and a paperless recorder 34, and the battery tester 33 and the paperless recorder 34 are connected in series in the loop of the battery junction box and the short-circuit resistor box 32.
Specifically, the positive and negative electrodes of the battery 23 are fixed at the bottom by two fixing plates, a pressure sensor 25 is arranged on the fixing plates, and the positive and negative electrodes of the battery are respectively connected with a positive electrode connecting port 21 and a negative electrode connecting port 26 through leads 20; after the positive electrode of the battery 23 is connected with the positive electrode connecting port 21 through the lead 20, the lead 20 is led out from the positive electrode connecting port 21 to be sequentially connected with the short-circuit resistance box 32, the battery tester 33 and the paperless recorder 34, finally, the lead 20 is connected to the negative electrode connecting port 26, and then the lead 20 is connected with the negative electrode of the battery 23 from the negative electrode connecting port 26; the short-circuit resistance box 32 is connected with the variable resistance motor 31, the rotating disc 38 is controlled to rotate by the variable resistance motor 31, the short-circuit resistance contact piece 36 is adjusted to be connected with the short-circuit resistance 35 with different resistance values, and the wire which can bear the maximum current in the short-circuit after the short-circuit resistance 35 is connected; the resistance-variable motor 31 also drives the rotating pivot 37 to control the short-circuit resistance contact piece to stand up or put down; the battery 23, the short-circuit resistance box 32, the battery tester 33 and the paperless recorder 34 are connected in sequence to form a loop.
In this embodiment, the battery 23 is a cylindrical battery, but is not limited to a cylindrical battery, and may be selected according to actual situations. For example, if a square battery is used, battery connecting clips can be added at the positive and negative electrode connecting ports to connect the battery.
Based on the embodiment, the invention has the following characteristics and beneficial effects:
1. the invention can realize the external short circuit test under different temperatures and pressures for the external short circuit test.
2. The external short circuit resistor belongs to a variable resistor, and in a dynamic pressure temperature-changing environment, different external short circuit tests can be performed on the battery 23 by changing the short circuit resistor 35, so that the safety performance change of the battery 23 body after the external short circuit of the battery 23 is carried out, or the product change after the thermal runaway is induced by the external short circuit of the battery 23 due to the resistance value is researched.
3. When the short circuit degree of the battery 23 is too large, the invention can ensure that the rotating hinge 37 stands up the short circuit resistance contact piece 36 by confirming the pause or termination test in related test options in the electronic display screen 7, effectively disconnect the connection circuit, stop further deepening of the short circuit degree and improve the overall safety.
4. The short-circuit resistor 35 in the short-circuit resistor box 32 can be changed according to specific experimental requirements, so that requirements of related safety test conditions can be met.
5. By utilizing the mode of combining the temperature sensor 24, the pressure sensor 25, the battery tester 33 and the electronic display screen 7, the electronic display screen 7 provides a prompt signal when the surface temperature of the battery 23 reaches a certain threshold value, and selects to perform an external short circuit test or an external short circuit induced thermal runaway test according to the will of an experimenter.
Example 2
The method for testing the external short circuit experiment of the lithium ion battery in the dynamic pressure and temperature changing environment adopts the device for testing the external short circuit experiment of the lithium ion battery in the dynamic pressure and temperature changing environment of the embodiment 1, and comprises the following steps: installing a battery to be tested in a battery junction box; the rotating disc is driven to rotate by the variable resistance motor, and the short-circuit resistors with different resistance values are connected into a loop; setting the air pressure in the battery test chamber through an air pressure adjusting system; setting the temperature in the battery test chamber through a cooling system and a heating system; the test is started and the cell test phenomenon is observed through the transparent glass window; and changing the resistance value of the short-circuit resistor and the air pressure or temperature experimental conditions in the battery test chamber, and observing the battery test phenomenon.
Specifically, the testing device is turned on through the power switch 8, so that the stabilized voltage power supply 29, the fan motor 30, the resistance-changing motor 31, the battery tester 33 and the paperless recorder 34 are in a standby state, the battery 23 to be tested is fixed in two fixing plates at the bottom of the battery test cabin and is connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery 23 through the positive electrode connecting port 21 and the negative electrode connecting port 26, the short-circuit resistance value of the short-circuit test is selected through a direction key on the electronic display screen 7 through a set integration program, after the short-circuit resistance is confirmed, the operation condition of the resistance-changing motor 31 is controlled through a corresponding program, and the resistance-changing motor 31 changes the position of the short-circuit resistance 35 corresponding to the short-circuit resistance contact piece 36 through controlling a rotating element under a rotating disc 38 in the short-circuit resistance box 32, so as to change the resistance value of the short-circuit resistance box 32; the output current of the stabilized voltage power supply 29 to the heating wire 22 can be controlled on the electronic display screen 7 through a corresponding program to change the heating rate and adjust the temperature in the cabin; and controlling the vacuum pump 14 to exhaust and add gas to the battery test chamber through the one-way exhaust port 17 and the one-way air inlet 18 by corresponding programs on the electronic display screen 7 so as to change the gas concentration in the chamber, thereby changing the pressure in the battery test chamber, and detecting real-time pressure change on the electronic display screen 7 through the pressure sensor 25 on the fixing plate at the bottom of the battery test chamber. After the temperature, the pressure and the short-circuit resistance are well adjusted, relevant test options can be selected on the electronic display screen 7, and the start, pause and termination of the test are controlled through a direction key and a confirmation key. The test starting item is selected through the direction key, the confirmation key 11 is determined on the test starting item, the rheostatic motor 31 is made to operate the rotating hinge 37 so as to put the short-circuit resistance contact piece 36 down to contact the short-circuit resistance contact piece fixer 39, the whole circuit forms a path, after the test is started, the test phenomenon of the battery 23 is observed through the transparent glass window 4, different program items are selected through the up-down key of the direction key and the left-right key of the direction key to control the forward and backward movement, and the corresponding program is selected to observe the change conditions of the pressure, the voltage, the current and the temperature, but the integrated program is not limited to only a program for recording parameters of the voltage, the current, the temperature and the like. The temperature data transmitted by the temperature sensor 24 in the electronic display screen 7 is set, so that when the surface temperature of the battery reaches a certain threshold value, a prompt signal can appear on the electronic display screen 7, the temperature and the short circuit duration of the battery 23 in the cabin at the current moment are recorded, whether the test is interrupted or not is displayed on the electronic display screen 7, if the test is not touched, the interruption is defaulted, and if the test is interrupted, whether the body of the battery 23 is disintegrated, cracked or ignited or not is observed through the transparent glass window 4 in the standing process; if the process is not interrupted, the change of relevant parameters in the process of inducing the thermal runaway by the external short circuit can be recorded by the paperless recorder 34, and the test phenomenon from the external short circuit of the battery 23 body to the thermal runaway process can be observed at the transparent glass window 4.
The above-mentioned embodiments, objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described in detail, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Lithium ion battery external short circuit experiment testing arrangement under dynamic pressure alternating temperature environment, its characterized in that: the battery testing cabin is provided with the air pressure adjusting system to adjust the internal air pressure, and the pressure sensor reads an air pressure value; a cooling system and a heating system are configured in the battery test chamber to adjust the internal temperature, and a temperature sensor reads the temperature value; the battery junction box is connected with the short-circuit resistance box in series to form a loop and is arranged in the battery test chamber.
2. The testing device for the lithium ion battery external short circuit experiment under the dynamic pressure temperature varying environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the battery test chamber is provided with a transparent glass window, and the transparent glass window is opposite to the battery junction box.
3. The device for testing the external short circuit experiment of the lithium ion battery in the dynamic pressure temperature-changing environment according to claim 1, wherein: the air pressure adjusting system comprises a vacuum pump, a one-way air suction opening and a one-way air inlet, the one-way air suction opening and the one-way air inlet are connected into the battery testing cabin, and the vacuum pump is communicated with the one-way air suction opening and the one-way air inlet through a pipeline.
4. The testing device for the lithium ion battery external short circuit experiment under the dynamic pressure temperature varying environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cooling system comprises an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, a liquid storage tank, an expansion valve and a fan motor, wherein the evaporator is arranged inside the battery test chamber, the condenser is arranged outside the battery test chamber, the evaporator, the compressor, the condenser, the liquid storage tank and the expansion valve are sequentially connected through a pipeline, and the fan motor is over against the compressor.
5. The device for testing the external short circuit experiment of the lithium ion battery in the dynamic pressure temperature-changing environment according to claim 1, wherein: the heating system comprises a heating wire and a stabilized voltage power supply, the heating wire is installed inside the battery testing cabin, and the heating wire is electrically connected with the stabilized voltage power supply.
6. The device for testing the external short circuit experiment of the lithium ion battery in the dynamic pressure temperature-changing environment according to claim 1, 4 or 5, wherein: the temperature sensors are provided with a plurality of temperature sensors which are respectively and uniformly attached to the batteries to be tested.
7. The device for testing the external short circuit experiment of the lithium ion battery in the dynamic pressure temperature-changing environment according to claim 2, wherein: the short-circuit resistance box comprises a short-circuit resistor, a short-circuit resistor contact piece, a rotating disc, a short-circuit resistor contact piece fixer and a variable resistance motor; a plurality of short-circuit resistance contact piece fixators are arranged on the same circumference by taking a rotating disc as a center, and short-circuit resistances with different resistance values are arranged on branch circuits of each short-circuit resistance contact piece fixator and then connected to a short-circuit resistance box terminal; the short-circuit resistance contact piece is arranged on the rotating disc and is connected into the other terminal of the short-circuit resistance box; the rotating disc is driven by a variable resistance motor.
8. The device for testing the external short circuit experiment of the lithium ion battery in the dynamic pressure temperature-changing environment according to claim 7, wherein: the short-circuit resistance box also comprises a rotating pivot which drives the front end of the short-circuit resistance contact piece to stand up or put down.
9. The device for testing the external short circuit experiment of the lithium ion battery in the dynamic pressure temperature-changing environment according to claim 7, wherein: the testing device also comprises a battery tester and a paperless recorder, wherein the battery tester and the paperless recorder are connected in series in the loop of the battery junction box and the short-circuit resistance box.
10. The method for testing the external short circuit experiment of the lithium ion battery in the dynamic pressure and temperature changing environment is characterized in that the device for testing the external short circuit experiment of the lithium ion battery in the dynamic pressure and temperature changing environment as claimed in claim 7 is adopted, and the following steps are implemented: installing a battery to be tested in a battery junction box; the rotating disc is driven to rotate by the resistance-variable motor, and short-circuit resistors with different resistance values are connected into a loop; setting the air pressure in the battery test chamber through an air pressure adjusting system; setting the temperature in the battery test chamber through a cooling system and a heating system; the test is started and the cell test phenomenon is observed through the transparent glass window; and changing the resistance value of the short-circuit resistor and the air pressure or temperature experimental conditions in the battery test chamber, and observing the battery test phenomenon.
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Application publication date: 20230103 |