CN107247128B - Model test device for measuring traction type landslide sliding process under rainfall condition in real time - Google Patents
Model test device for measuring traction type landslide sliding process under rainfall condition in real time Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A model test device for measuring a traction type landslide sliding process under rainfall conditions in real time comprises a transparent model box body with an opening at the top and the front end, wherein a rainfall system is arranged at the upper end of the box body; the bottom of the front end of the box body is movably connected with a rack, a force loading device is arranged on the rack, a simulation sliding surface is connected with the force loading device through a dowel bar, and the simulation sliding surface and the dowel bar are positioned on the same plane; a force sensor is arranged on the dowel bar, and a water content sensor, a pore water pressure sensor, a suction sensor and a displacement sensor are arranged in the model box body; the force sensor, the water content sensor, the pore water pressure sensor, the suction sensor and the displacement sensor are connected with a data acquisition system. The indoor model test system can realize indoor model test research on the landslide destruction mode, the initial landslide time, the landslide destruction evolution process and the like under different rainfall conditions (rainfall intensity and rainfall mode) and different traction rates.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a geotechnical engineering landslide model test device, in particular to a model test device capable of measuring a traction type landslide sliding process under a rainfall condition in real time, which is applied to a landslide model test of geotechnical engineering.
Background
China is a country with frequent landslide geological disasters, and landslides cause great damage to life and property safety, economic development and environmental protection of people. According to the national geological disaster notification statistics of the ministry of homeland resources, in 2004 to 2012, more than 24 thousands of geological disasters occur in the whole country, 7000 people are lost and are in distress, 3000 people are injured, the direct economic loss reaches more than 300 billion yuan, and the landslide accounts for about 67%.
The relatively mature landslide model experiment technology at home and abroad mainly comprises a landslide bottom friction type landslide experiment, a push type landslide experiment and a centrifugal type landslide experiment, wherein the landslide bottom friction type landslide experiment utilizes the substrate friction force to replace the gravity to simulate the change and damage process of landslide, and the landslide experiment has the defect that the stress strain and displacement characteristics of landslide cannot be quantitatively researched; the push-type landslide model test adopts a mode of applying thrust on the rear side of a slope body to enable the slope body to slide, and has the defect that the evolution law of the traction type landslide, particularly the multi-section traction type landslide cannot be simulated; the centrifugal landslide model simulates relevant characteristics of landslide evolution by using a centrifugal test machine, and has the defect that the evolution process of landslide cannot be controlled.
The traction type landslide is an important landslide type, and the research on the starting, development, damage evolution process and damage mechanism of the traction type landslide is always a hotspot, a difficult point and a key point in the engineering geological field, particularly the research on the damage mode, initial landslide time, the damage evolution process and the damage mechanism of the traction type landslide under the rainfall condition is more important in the research.
For a long time, as for the research on rainfall induced landslide, scholars at home and abroad develop a large number of internal model tests, and remarkable results are obtained. The existing research at home and abroad shows that rainfall, earthquake and human engineering construction activities are the causes of landslide, and the rainfall is the most main cause of landslide induction. However, few researches are currently made on the destruction mode, initial landslide time, landslide destruction evolution process and destruction mechanism of the traction type landslide under the rainfall condition. Therefore, the deep research on the damage mode, the initial landslide time, the landslide damage evolution process, the damage mechanism and the like of the traction type landslide under the rainfall condition has important theoretical and practical significance for landslide prediction, treatment and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a model test device for measuring the sliding process of a traction type landslide in real time under a rainfall condition, which can be used for carrying out indoor model test research on the landslide damage mode, the initial landslide time, the landslide damage evolution process and the like under different rainfall conditions (rainfall intensity and rainfall mode) and different traction rates.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a model test device for measuring a traction type landslide sliding process under rainfall conditions in real time comprises a transparent model box body with an opening at the top and the front end, wherein a rainfall system is arranged at the upper end of the box body; the bottom of the front end of the box body is movably connected with a rack, a force loading device is arranged on the rack, a simulation sliding surface is connected with the force loading device through a dowel bar, and the simulation sliding surface and the dowel bar are positioned on the same plane; a force sensor is arranged on the dowel bar, and a water content sensor, a pore water pressure sensor, a suction sensor and a displacement sensor are arranged in the model box body; the force sensor, the water content sensor, the pore water pressure sensor, the suction sensor and the displacement sensor are connected with a data acquisition system.
The model box body is composed of a bottom plate and an organic glass plate on the bottom plate, and a steel frame is arranged on the outer side of the organic glass plate.
A rotating shaft is arranged at the bottom of the front end of the model box body, and gears with carved angles are arranged on two sides of the rotating shaft.
The simulated sliding surfaces are multi-section sliding surfaces, each two sections of simulated sliding surfaces are connected through a traction chain, the simulated sliding surface at the front end is connected with the clamp, and the other end of the clamp is connected with the dowel bar.
And a rainwater recycling groove is formed at the bottom of the rack and the model box body.
The rainfall system comprises a spray head positioned at the upper end of the box body and a water supply pipe connected with the spray head, and a rainfall controller, a flowmeter and a water valve are arranged on the water supply pipe.
Nine layers of the water content sensor, the pore water pressure sensor and the suction sensor are vertically arranged and respectively embedded in the top of the slope, the middle of the slope and the foot of the slope; the displacement sensors are distributed on the top of the slope, the middle of the slope and the foot of the slope in three layers.
The testing device further comprises a PIV measuring system and a three-dimensional laser measuring system.
The PIV measuring system comprises a hardware system and a software system, wherein the hardware system mainly comprises a light source, a camera and image acquisition and post-processing equipment; the three-dimensional laser measuring system comprises a hardware system and a software system, wherein the hardware system mainly comprises a light source, a camera and a three-dimensional laser scanner.
The test method of the model test device comprises the following steps:
(1) installing a model test device, and drawing an uphill surface line, a layer surface line for embedding a measuring instrument and a slip surface line on the side surface of a model box body in sequence;
(2) filling the prepared soil body into a model box body to a slope surface line in a layered mode, burying the measuring instrument when the soil body is filled to the layer surface line where the measuring instrument is buried, and laying a simulation sliding surface when the soil body is filled to a sliding surface line;
(3) adjusting the angle between the rack and the front end of the model box to a preset angle;
(4) and starting the rainfall system, the data acquisition system and the force loading device to start the test.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. the test device can simulate the sliding process of the traction type landslide under the rainfall condition, and can measure the initial landslide time and the landslide destruction evolution process in real time;
2. the test device can control the process of traction type landslide evolution under rainfall conditions, and refine and research landslide forms and evolution rules thereof at different evolution stages;
3. the test device can simulate landslides caused by different scale landslides under rainfall conditions, and contrasts and studies landslide forms and evolution laws thereof caused by different scale landslides;
4. the test device can simulate the landslide caused by the sliding surfaces with different inclination angles under the rainfall condition, and contrastively research the landslide form and the evolution law of the landslide caused by the sliding surfaces with different inclination angles;
5. the testing device is provided with the force sensor, the water content sensor, the pore water pressure sensor, the soil body suction sensor and the displacement sensor, and can accurately measure the stress, the water content, the pore water pressure, the soil body suction and the displacement of the sliding surface in real time;
6. the model test device is convenient to operate, and related instruments are simple in structure, strong in adjustability and easy to master.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a general perspective view of a model testing apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view of the model test apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a general plan view of a model testing apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an overall side view of the model test apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a top view of a model test apparatus sensor arrangement of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a side view of a model test rig sensor arrangement of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a rainfall map of the model test apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of the present invention with two segments of simulated sliding surfaces.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the slope surface line, slide surface line and buried instrument line design of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The model test device for measuring the traction-type landslide sliding process under the rainfall condition in real time, disclosed by the invention, comprises a model box system, a traction-type landslide model system, a rainfall system and a measuring system, and is shown in the figures 1-4. The model box system can mould the slope body, and traction landslide model system can simulate traction type landslide motion form, and rainfall system can simulate rainfall operating mode, and measurement system can carry out real-time, accurate measuration to indexes such as stress, displacement, deformation, water content, pore water pressure, soil body suction, soil body displacement field, soil body strain field, initial landslide time, landslide destruction evolution process of landslide under the rainfall condition.
The model box system comprises a transparent model box body with an opening at the top and the front end, and a rainwater recovery tank 12 is arranged at the bottom of the model box body; further, the model box comprises bottom plate 30 and organic glass board 1 on the bottom plate, and steelframe 2 is established to organic glass board 1 outside, on organic glass board 1 and the peripheral steelframe 2 vertical fixation on bottom plate 30. The model box is transparent material, is convenient for observe the stress strain and the whole deformation condition of gliding mass, and the steelframe is established in the glass board outside, and steelframe and glass board contactless can conveniently observe the soil body change in the box, and the effect of steelframe is the supply channel who supports water supply system. The rainwater recovery tank 12 is located on the whole mold box bottom plate.
The traction landslide model system comprises a rack 11 movably connected with the front end of the bottom of a model box, the included angle between the rack 11 and a box body bottom plate 30 is adjustable, a rotating shaft 4 is arranged on the lower edge of the front end of the model box body bottom plate preferably, the rotating shaft 4 is connected with the rack 11, and gears 3 with scales are arranged on two sides of the rotating shaft 4 for facilitating angle adjustment; a force loading device is arranged on the rack 11 and connected with a dowel bar 7, and the other end of the dowel bar 7 is connected with the simulation sliding surface 5 through a pincer-shaped clamp 6; the simulated sliding surface 5, the clamp 6 and the dowel bar 7 are positioned on the same plane, and the plane is parallel to the rack 11, so that the simulated sliding surface can slide according to a preset inclination angle. The rear end of the stand 11 is hollowed out to facilitate rainwater to flow out to the rainwater recovery tank 12.
In order to simulate the evolution law of the multi-section traction type landslide, the simulated sliding surfaces can be in a multi-section mode, every two adjacent sections of the simulated sliding surfaces are connected through a traction chain 32, the simulated sliding surface at the front end is connected with a clamp, and the size of the simulated sliding surface can be adjusted according to actual experiment requirements; the simulated sliding surface 5 is preferably a wire mesh, and the wire mesh surface is stressed more uniformly and has larger friction force with the surrounding soil body compared with the simulated sliding surface without meshes; when the simulated sliding surface, i.e. the wire mesh surface, is two sections or more than two sections, every two adjacent wire mesh surfaces are connected by the traction chain 32, as shown in fig. 8, the traction chain is preferably a clip; the force loading device is a speed reducing motor 10, and a force transmission box 9 is arranged between the force transmission rod and the speed reducing motor. Finally, the traction force generated by the speed reducing motor 10 pulls the wire 5 to move so as to simulate the sliding of the sliding surface.
The rainfall system comprises a spray head 17 positioned at the upper end of the box body and a water supply pipe 13 connected with the spray head, wherein the water supply pipe 13 is provided with a rainfall intensity controller 14, an electronic flowmeter 15 and a water valve 16, the spray head 17 is arranged on a rainfall water pipe 31 erected on a surrounding steel frame 2, preferably 3 rows of the rainfall water pipes 31 are arranged, and 3 spray heads 17 are arranged on each row of the rainfall water pipes 31; the rainfall intensity controller 14 can control the rainfall intensity, and the electronic flowmeter 15 can measure the rainwater flow. The rainfall intensity controller 14 adopts a PXJY-C type double-closed-loop full-automatic manual rainfall simulator of Qinghua university, an LED display screen is arranged in the rainfall intensity controller, countdown, real-time rainfall intensity and average rainfall intensity can be reliably displayed, and data can be quickly adjusted and tracked at a high speed. The electronic flowmeter adopts a DMF-1-3A type liquid mass flowmeter produced by the first Ke Shiwa company, the measuring range is 0-500kg/h, the working pressure is 0-4MPa, and the precision is +/-0.2%. The rainfall sprayer adopts a FULLJET rotary downward spraying type sprayer of the company SPRAYING SYSTEMS in America, the type is HHMFP, the specification is 3/4, the spraying angle is 60 degrees, the working pressure of the sprayer is as follows: 0.15-0.25MPa, flow: 70-120L/h.
The measuring system comprises a force sensor 8 arranged on the dowel bar 7, a water content sensor 18, a pore water pressure sensor 19, a suction sensor 20 and a displacement sensor 21 which are arranged in the model box body; the force sensor 8, the water content sensor 18, the pore water pressure sensor 19, the suction sensor 20 and the displacement sensor 21 are connected with a data acquisition system; the water content sensor 18 is used for testing the water content in the soil body, the pore water pressure sensor 19 is used for measuring the pore water pressure in the soil body, the suction sensor 20 is used for measuring the suction in the soil body, and the displacement sensor 21 is used for measuring the slope displacement; the water content sensor 18, the pore water pressure sensor 19 and the suction sensor 20 are embedded in a slope body in nine layers, namely an upper layer and a lower layer, and are respectively embedded in the top of the slope, the middle of the slope and the foot of the slope, and three sensors in each layer are respectively arranged one by one and are uniformly arranged left and right. The displacement sensors 21 are distributed on the top of the slope, the middle of the slope and the foot of the slope in three layers, and one displacement sensor is distributed on each layer. The sensors are arranged in detail as shown in fig. 5 and 6.
The model number of the force sensor 8 is P306S-01, the diameter is 6mm, the height is 2.5mm, and the accuracy of the measuring range of 100kg is 2 +/-0.01 mV; the pore water pressure sensor 19 is a BSY type inductance frequency modulation type pore water pressure sensor produced by the Lanhua sensor factory, and the measuring range is-500-100 kPa; the water content sensor 18 is an EC-5 volume water content sensor produced by the American Decagon company, the measuring range is 0 to saturation, and the precision is +/-2%; the suction sensor 20 is a 253 type soil suction sensor manufactured by Campbell of America, and the measuring range is-200 kPa-0 kPa; the displacement sensor 21 is a YWC-C type waterproof displacement sensor produced by Liyang super-source instrument factory, the maximum measuring range is 30mm, the sensitivity is 93 mu/mm, and the bridge circuit resistance is 5 omega.
The testing device also comprises a PIV measuring system and a three-dimensional laser measuring system. The PIV measuring system comprises a hardware system and a software system, wherein the hardware system mainly comprises two floodlight LED lamps, a CCD high-speed camera, image acquisition and post-processing equipment and the like, and the software system adopts DaVis 8.0 series software and PIVview2C software of Germany LaVision company to complete the acquisition and analysis of soil displacement images in the whole process of landslide sliding. The three-dimensional laser measuring system is an MS50 measuring system and comprises a hardware system and a software system, wherein the hardware system mainly comprises an LED floodlight light source, a Cannon Eos700d single-lens reflex camera, a Leica MS50 three-dimensional laser scanner (giving consideration to the function of a total station) and other equipment, and the software system adopts a GeoMos automatic monitoring system of the Switzerland leica company to complete the acquisition and analysis of surface deformation and single-point deformation in the moving process of a slope body. The PIV measuring system and the MS50 three-dimensional laser measuring system can be used for shooting and measuring the whole sliding process of the landslide, and can be used for accurately acquiring and analyzing soil displacement images, sliding surface deformation, single-point deformation and the like in the sliding process of the landslide in real time.
The rated power of the alternating current-direct current LED floodlight is 30W, the alternating current-direct current LED floodlight is convenient and practical, and the requirements on the brightness and the stability of a light source under laboratory conditions can be met; the Cannon Eos700d single-lens reflex camera has the resolution as high as 1800 ten thousand pixels, is developed by Leica corporation of Leica of Runshi of Leica of Deck MS50 three-dimensional laser scanners, has the scanning precision as high as 0.6mm, has more than 10 ten thousand points in the scanning region of the test, automatically scans the selected region, has accurate and reliable scanning data, and meets the requirement of a model test on the measurement precision.
The method comprises the steps of adopting a CR1000 type data acquisition instrument produced by Campbell of America to acquire test data measured by an EC-5 type volume water content sensor, a 253 type soil suction sensor and a BSY type inductance frequency modulation type pore water pressure sensor, and adopting a DH3821 static strain test analysis system produced by Towa test company to acquire test data measured by a YWC-C type waterproof displacement sensor and a P306S-01 type pressure sensor.
As shown in fig. 1, the slope model test device has a slope angle of 35 ° and a slope length of 66cm, a rainfall intensity of light rain (8 mm/d), and a rainfall mode of continuous rainfall, and the specific test method is as follows:
(1) installing a model box body, and calibrating a force sensor 8, a water content sensor 18, a pore water pressure sensor 19, a suction sensor 20 and a displacement sensor 21;
(2) according to the design, an upper slope surface line 33 (the vertical distance between the front end and a bottom plate is 18cm), a layer line 34 (the slope surface line translates downwards by 7cm), a sliding surface line 35 (the slope surface line translates downwards by 12cm), a layer line 36 (the slope surface line translates downwards by 17cm) of a second layer of embedded measuring instrument, a layer line 37 (the slope surface line translates downwards by 24cm) of a first layer of embedded measuring instrument are sequentially drawn on the outer walls of organic glass at two sides of a model box from top to bottom, and the inclination angles are 35 degrees as shown in FIG. 9;
(3) filling the prepared soil body to a layer line 37 of a first layer of buried measuring instrument layer by layer according to the drawn lines in the step (2), and then arranging a water content sensor 18, a pore water pressure sensor 19 and a suction sensor 20 according to the design; filling the prepared soil body to a layer line 36 of a second-layer buried measuring instrument layer by layer according to the drawn lines in the step (2), and then arranging a water content sensor 18, a pore water pressure sensor 19 and a suction sensor 20 according to the design; filling the prepared soil body to a slide surface line 35 according to the drawn lines in the step (2), and then arranging an iron wire net 5; filling the prepared soil body to a layer line 34 of a third layer of buried measuring instrument according to the drawn line in the step (2), and then arranging a water content sensor 18, a pore water pressure sensor 19 and a suction sensor 20 according to the design; filling the prepared soil body to a slope surface line 33 according to the drawn lines in the step (2), and then arranging the displacement sensors 21 according to the design;
(4) installing the rest parts of the traction landslide model system such as the pincerlike clamp 6 and the dowel bar 7 according to design, and adjusting the inclination angle of the motor bracket to 35 degrees;
(5) installing a rainfall system according to the design, and setting the rainfall intensity to be 8 mm/d;
(6) placing a floodlight LED lamp, a CCD high-speed camera and a Cannon Eos700d single-lens reflex of the PIV measuring system at a proper position on the left side of the model box, so that the side face of a slope body can be completely and clearly shot, and the slope is shot as a contrast picture before a test is started;
(7) placing an LED floodlight light source of an MS50 three-dimensional laser measurement system, a Cannon Eos700d single-lens reflex camera and a Leica MS50 three-dimensional laser scanner at a proper position at the front end of a model box from near to far, enabling the three-dimensional laser scanner to completely and clearly shoot a slope surface, and shooting the slope surface before a test is started to serve as a contrast picture; (8) starting a speed reducing motor, a rainfall system and a measuring system, and starting a test; under the traction of a speed reducing motor, a wire mesh surface is driven to move forwards along a sliding surface line, an upper soil layer, namely a slope surface, starts to deform under the influence of traction force while the wire mesh surface moves, displacement is generated, measured data can be transmitted to a data acquisition system by a force sensor 8, a water content sensor 18, a pore water pressure sensor 19, a suction sensor 20 and a displacement sensor 21 in real time, the stress, the water content, the pore water pressure, the soil body suction force and the displacement of the sliding surface of a soil body can be accurately measured in real time, meanwhile, the PIV measurement system and the MS50 three-dimensional laser measurement system shoot and measure the whole sliding process of the sliding slope, and the soil body displacement image, the sliding surface deformation, the single-point deformation and the like in the sliding process of the sliding slope can be accurately collected and analyzed in real time.
The test model can carry out model test on the traction type landslide with the landslide inclination angle of 35 degrees, the landslide length of 66cm, the rainfall intensity of light rain (the rainfall is 8mm/d) and the rainfall mode of continuous rainfall in real time, and researches the damage mode, the initial landslide time and the landslide process of the traction type landslide under the condition that the rainfall intensity is light rain; and then, landslide caused by the sliding surface under different scales, different inclination angles and different rainfall conditions can be simulated by adjusting different sliding surface inclination angles, sliding surface models, soil body layering, rainfall modes and the like.
Example 2
This embodiment is substantially the same as the first embodiment, and is characterized in that:
in this embodiment, the rainfall intensity is adjusted to be heavy rain (the rainfall is 48 mm/d). The method can be used for carrying out model tests on the traction type landslide with the landslide inclination angle of 35 degrees, the landslide length of 66cm, the rainfall intensity of heavy rain (the rainfall is 48mm/d) and the rainfall mode of continuous rainfall in real time, and researching the damage mode, the initial landslide time and the landslide process of the traction type landslide under the condition that the rainfall intensity is heavy rain. In combination with the first example, the effect of different rainfall intensities on the destruction mode of the traction-type landslide, the initial landslide time and the landslide process can be studied.
Example 3
This embodiment is substantially the same as the first embodiment, and is characterized in that:
in this embodiment, the rainfall mode is adjusted to be intermittent, the rainfall is performed for 60min, the rainfall intensity is changed to be light rain, then the rainfall is stopped for 60min, and the cycle is repeated, and the rainfall process is shown in fig. 7. The method can be used for carrying out model test on the traction type landslide with the landslide inclination angle of 35 degrees, the landslide length of 66cm, the rainfall intensity of light rain (the rainfall is 8mm/d) and the rainfall mode of intermittent rainfall in real time, and researching the damage mode, the initial landslide time and the landslide process of the traction type landslide under the conditions that the rainfall intensity is light rain and the rainfall mode is intermittent. In combination with the first example, the impact of different rainfall patterns on the failure mode, initial landslide time and landslide course of the traction landslide can be studied.
Example 4
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, and is characterized in that:
in this embodiment, the motor pull rate is reduced by half, i.e., 3 mm/min. The method can be used for carrying out model tests on the traction type landslide with the landslide inclination angle of 35 degrees, the landslide length of 66cm, the rainfall intensity of light rain (the rainfall is 8mm/d), the rainfall mode of continuous rainfall and the traction speed of 3mm/min in real time, and researching the damage mode, the initial landslide time and the landslide process of the traction type landslide with the rainfall intensity of light rain and the traction speed of halving. In combination with the first example, the effect of different traction rates on the failure mode of traction-type landslide under rainfall conditions, the initial landslide time, and the landslide course can be studied.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes and modifications can be made according to the purpose of the invention, and all changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations and simplifications made according to the spirit and principle of the technical solution of the present invention shall be equivalent substitution ways, so long as the purpose of the present invention is met, and the technical principle and the inventive concept of the model test device for measuring the sliding process of the traction-type landslide under the rainfall condition in real time shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A model test device for measuring a traction type landslide sliding process under a rainfall condition in real time is characterized by comprising a model box system, a traction landslide model system, a rainfall system, a measuring system, a PIV measuring system and a three-dimensional laser measuring system; the model box system comprises a transparent model box body with an opening at the top and the front end, and the rainfall system is arranged at the upper end of the box body; the bottom of the front end of the box body is movably connected with a rack, the bottom of the front end of the model box body is provided with a rotating shaft, and two sides of the rotating shaft are provided with gears with angles; the force loading device is arranged on the rack, the simulation sliding surface is connected with the force loading device through a dowel bar, and the simulation sliding surface and the dowel bar are positioned on the same plane; the simulated sliding surfaces are multi-section sliding surfaces, each two sections of simulated sliding surfaces are connected through a traction chain, the simulated sliding surface at the front end is connected with a clamp, and the other end of the clamp is connected with a dowel bar; the measuring system comprises a force sensor arranged on a dowel bar, and a water content sensor, a pore water pressure sensor, a suction sensor and a displacement sensor are arranged in a model box body; nine layers of the water content sensor, the pore water pressure sensor and the suction sensor are vertically arranged and respectively embedded in the top of the slope, the middle of the slope and the foot of the slope; the displacement sensors are distributed on the top of the slope, the middle of the slope and the foot of the slope in three layers; the water content sensor, the pore water pressure sensor, the suction sensor and the displacement sensor are connected with a data acquisition system.
2. The model test device of claim 1, wherein the model box body is composed of a bottom plate and a plastic glass plate on the bottom plate, and a steel frame is arranged outside the plastic glass plate.
3. The model test device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a rainwater recovery tank is provided at the bottom of the rack and the model case.
4. The model test device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rainfall system comprises a spray head at an upper end of the case and a water supply pipe connected to the spray head, and the water supply pipe is provided with a rainfall controller, a flowmeter and a water valve.
5. The model test apparatus of claim 1, wherein the PIV measurement system comprises a hardware system and a software system, wherein the hardware system is mainly composed of a light source, a camera, an image acquisition and post-processing device; the three-dimensional laser measuring system comprises a hardware system and a software system, wherein the hardware system mainly comprises a light source, a camera and a three-dimensional laser scanner.
6. The method of testing a model test apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) installing a model test device, and drawing an uphill surface line, a layer surface line for embedding a measuring instrument and a slip surface line on the side surface of a model box body in sequence;
(2) filling the prepared soil body into a model box body to a slope surface line in a layered mode, burying the measuring instrument when the soil body is filled to the layer surface line where the measuring instrument is buried, and laying a simulation sliding surface when the soil body is filled to a sliding surface line;
(3) adjusting the angle between the rack and the front end of the model box to a preset angle;
(4) and starting the rainfall system, the data acquisition system and the force loading device to start the test.
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