CN110274931B - Two-phase flow oscillation experimental device and experimental method - Google Patents

Two-phase flow oscillation experimental device and experimental method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110274931B
CN110274931B CN201910593648.7A CN201910593648A CN110274931B CN 110274931 B CN110274931 B CN 110274931B CN 201910593648 A CN201910593648 A CN 201910593648A CN 110274931 B CN110274931 B CN 110274931B
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test piece
oil cavity
piston oil
phase flow
cavity test
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CN110274931A (en
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朱海荣
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Hebei University of Science and Technology
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Hebei University of Science and Technology
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01KMEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K7/00Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
    • G01K7/02Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00Testing of machine parts
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • G01N25/20Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02Details
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/32Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
    • G01N3/38Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces generated by electromagnetic means

Abstract

The invention relates to a two-phase flow oscillation experimental device and an experimental method; the device comprises a workbench, a driving motor, a crank connecting rod, a diesel engine set, a connecting rod, a testing platform and a piston oil cavity test piece; a high-speed camera is arranged on the outer side of the piston oil cavity test piece; the experimental method comprises the steps of; the device can simultaneously perform a visual experiment and an oscillation heat transfer experiment, and improves the working efficiency; through an experimental method, images and temperature data of the two-phase flow oscillation flow process in the piston oil cavity test piece can be obtained simultaneously, and then the images and the temperature data are processed, so that the influence of the two-phase flow oscillation flow field change on the heat transfer effect can be evaluated.

Description

Two-phase flow oscillation experimental device and experimental method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a two-phase flow oscillation experimental device and an experimental method.
Background
The requirements of people on low emission, fuel economy and the like of an engine are increasingly improved, and as the working environment of the engine is quite bad, the engine is required to be well cooled to ensure the working reliability, durability and economy of the engine, and along with the continuous improvement of the power of a diesel engine, higher requirements are put forward on the reliability of parts of the engine, and the piston is required to bear higher heat load to meet the requirements, so that the effective cooling of the piston of the diesel engine is a precondition for ensuring the working durability, the reliability and the economy of the diesel engine. The common cooling mode is to take away heat through the oscillation of the engine oil in the internal cooling oil cavity; compared with other cooling technologies, the internal cooling oil cavity is a very effective structure in the enhanced heat transfer of the piston, plays a dominant role in the process of reducing the heat load of the head of the piston, and can greatly reduce the heat load of each part of the piston.
At present, the two-phase flow oscillation experiment is carried out at low frequency and low rotation speed, so that the frequency and rotation speed of normal operation of a diesel engine piston cannot be achieved, the influence of vibration of an experimental device on a motion rule is ignored during the reciprocating oscillation, and potential safety hazards exist in the experiment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a two-phase flow oscillation experimental device and an experimental method which have the same motion rule of an actual diesel engine piston and can synchronously carry out a two-phase flow visual observation experiment and a heat transfer measurement experiment.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the two-phase flow oscillation experimental device comprises a workbench, a driving motor fixedly arranged on the workbench, a crank connecting rod fixedly arranged on a driving shaft of the driving motor, a diesel engine set connected with the crank connecting rod, a connecting rod vertically arranged on the top of a piston of the diesel engine set, a testing platform fixedly arranged on the top of the connecting rod and a piston oil cavity testing piece fixedly arranged on the top of the testing platform; a high-speed camera is arranged on the outer side of the piston oil cavity test piece; and performing a visual observation experiment and/or a heat transfer measurement experiment on the piston oil cavity test piece.
The workbench comprises a frame body, a plurality of balancing weights arranged on a bottom plate of the frame body and damping feet fixedly arranged at the bottom of the frame body; the fixed seat is fixedly arranged on the top plate of the frame body, the driving motor is fixedly arranged on the fixed seat, and the diesel engine group is fixedly arranged on the other side of the top plate of the frame body.
According to the invention, a movable frame cover body is arranged outside the workbench, a detachable cross beam is arranged at the bottom of the movable frame cover body, universal wheels are arranged at the bottom of the movable frame cover body, and the piston oil cavity test piece is arranged outside the movable frame cover body; a sealing plate is arranged outside the movable frame cover body, and the sealing plate positioned at the upper part of the movable frame cover body is a transparent plate; the top plate of the movable frame cover body is provided with a through hole for the connecting rod to pass through.
When the visual observation experiment and the heat transfer measurement experiment are carried out on the piston oil cavity test piece, the top plate and the bottom plate are made of metal materials, the side plates are transparent plates, and the temperature sensors are arranged on the inner walls of the top plate and the bottom plate.
When the visual observation experiment is carried out on the piston oil cavity test piece, the top plate, the bottom plate and the side plates are transparent plates.
Rubber fixing blocks are arranged between four corners of the bottom of a workbench and the inner side of the bottom of a cover body of a movable frame.
The invention is arranged at the outer side of a piston oil cavity test piece and is provided with a protective cover at the top of a cover body of a movable frame.
The piston oil cavity test piece is a cube or a cylinder.
The two-phase flow oscillation experimental method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
step one, injecting engine oil with proper volume into a piston oil cavity test piece, and fixing the engine oil on a test platform after sealing;
step two, starting a dysprosium lamp, irradiating the piston oil cavity test piece, adjusting the position of the dysprosium lamp, and ensuring that the irradiation of the dysprosium lamp is at a certain angle, so that the piston oil cavity test piece can be imaged clearly and stably in a high-speed camera without shadow coverage;
heating the top surface of the piston oil cavity test piece by using a temperature heating device, and stopping heating to cool the piston oil cavity test piece when the temperature feedback signal of the temperature sensor reflects that the temperature of the inner side of the top surface is 100 ℃;
step four, starting a driving motor, enabling a piston of the diesel engine set to drive a connecting rod at the top and a testing platform to move up and down through a crank connecting rod, enabling a piston oil cavity test piece to perform reciprocating oscillation movement, and starting a high-speed camera to shoot the movement state and flow rule of gas-liquid two-phase flow in a cavity of the piston oil cavity test piece;
and fifthly, after the high-speed camera shoots the oscillatory motion of the two-phase flow and enters the periodical stable motion, triggering and starting the temperature sensor through the control cabinet to acquire temperature signals of all measuring points in the piston oil cavity test piece, and simultaneously, visually observing, and storing acquired temperature data into a computer for subsequent data processing.
The shooting and collecting frequency of the high-speed camera is 2000 frames per second, and the pixels are 1024 multiplied by 1024.
The invention has the following positive effects: the piston oil cavity test piece is made of metal and a transparent plate, can perform a visual experiment and an oscillation heat transfer experiment simultaneously, changes the rotary motion of a driving motor into the reciprocating motion of a piston, simulates the high-speed reciprocating motion of a diesel engine piston, enables the piston oil cavity test piece to reach the same oscillation frequency of the diesel engine piston, enables the oscillation motion rule of two-phase flow in the piston oil cavity test piece to be completely consistent with the flow process and the flow form in a cooling oil cavity of the diesel engine piston, performs visual observation on the piston oil cavity test piece by a high-speed camera, measures the oscillation heat transfer effect of the piston oil cavity test piece by an internal temperature sensor, and enables the piston oil cavity test piece to be a cube or a cylinder, to store gas and liquid two-phase media therein, thereby improving the working efficiency.
The detachable cross beam can be detached to set the workbench in the movable frame cover body, the sealing plate at the upper part of the movable frame cover body is a transparent plate, the movement conditions of the driving motor and the diesel engine set can be observed, the safety and reliability are realized, the balancing weight is arranged at the bottom of the workbench, the large vibration is prevented from being generated during experiments, and the universal wheels are arranged at the bottom of the movable frame cover body and can be fixed and movable, so that the transportation and the transfer of the experimental device are facilitated; rubber fixing blocks are arranged between four corners of the bottom of the workbench and the inner side of the bottom of the movable frame cover body, so that the workbench is prevented from moving, and the experimental effect is influenced.
Through the two-phase flow oscillation experimental method, the image and the temperature data of the two-phase flow oscillation flowing process in the piston oil cavity test piece 8 can be obtained simultaneously, and then the image and the temperature data are processed, so that the influence of the two-phase flow oscillation flow field change on the heat transfer effect can be evaluated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the movable frame cover of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the workbench of the invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-3, the two-phase flow oscillation experimental device comprises a workbench 1, a driving motor 2 fixedly arranged on the workbench 1, a crank connecting rod 4 fixedly arranged on a transmission shaft of the driving motor 2, a diesel engine set 5 connected with the crank connecting rod 4, a connecting rod 6 vertically arranged on the top of a piston of the diesel engine set 5, a testing platform 7 fixedly arranged on the top of the connecting rod 6 and a piston oil cavity test piece 8 fixedly arranged on the top of the testing platform 7; the high-speed camera 19 is arranged on the outer side of the piston oil cavity test piece 8, the dysprosium lamp 20 is arranged on one side of the high-speed camera 19 and used as auxiliary illumination, the shooting and collecting frequency of the high-speed camera 19 is 2000 frames per second, the pixels are 1024 multiplied by 1024, the imaging requirement is met, and the dysprosium lamp 20 is a dysprosium lamp with high light efficiency and high color rendering; the piston oil cavity test piece 8 is a cube or a cylinder, and a visual observation experiment and/or a heat transfer measurement experiment is carried out on the piston oil cavity test piece 8; when a visual observation experiment and a heat transfer measurement experiment are carried out on the piston oil cavity test piece 8, a top plate and a bottom plate are made of metal materials, thermocouples are arranged on the top plate and the bottom plate, the temperature measurement requirement is met, a side plate is a transparent plate, temperature sensors are arranged on the inner walls of the top plate and the bottom plate, the oscillation heat transfer effect is measured, and further the wall surface flow heat transfer coefficient is calculated to evaluate the oscillation heat transfer effect; when a visual observation experiment is carried out on the piston oil cavity test piece 8, the top plate, the bottom plate and the side plates are transparent plates. The wall surface temperature of the experimental part can be measured while visual shooting is performed, so that the wall surface-to-flow heat exchange coefficient is calculated to evaluate the oscillating heat transfer effect of the multiphase flow.
The workbench 1 comprises a frame 11, a plurality of balancing weights 12 arranged on the bottom plate of the frame 11, and damping feet 13 fixedly arranged at the bottom of the frame 11; a fixed seat 14 is fixedly arranged on the top plate of the frame 11, the driving motor 2 is fixedly arranged on the fixed seat 14, and the diesel engine set 5 is fixedly arranged on the other side of the top plate of the frame 11.
The invention is characterized in that a movable frame cover body 9 is arranged on the outer side of a workbench 1, a detachable cross beam 10 is arranged at the bottom of the movable frame cover body 9, universal wheels 16 are arranged at the bottom of the movable frame cover body 9, and a piston oil cavity test piece 8 is arranged outside the movable frame cover body 9; a sealing plate 15 is arranged on the outer side of the movable frame cover body 9, and the sealing plate 15 positioned on the upper part of the movable frame cover body 9 is a transparent plate; the top plate of the movable frame cover 9 is provided with a through hole 17 through which the link 6 passes. Rubber fixing blocks 18 are arranged between four corners at the bottom of the workbench 1 and the inner side of the bottom of the movable frame cover body 9, and the protective cover 3 is arranged at the top of the movable frame cover body 9 and positioned at the outer side of the piston oil cavity test piece 8, so that the safety of experimental personnel can be ensured, and accidents can be prevented.
The two-phase flow oscillation experimental method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
step one, injecting engine oil with a certain or proper volume into a piston oil cavity test piece 8, not filling an oil cavity, and fixing the engine oil on a test platform 7 after sealing;
step two, starting the dysprosium lamp 20, irradiating the piston oil cavity test piece 8, adjusting the position of the dysprosium lamp 20, and ensuring that the irradiation of the dysprosium lamp 20 is at a certain angle so as to avoid shadows formed by surrounding devices, so that the piston oil cavity test piece 8 can clearly and stably image in the high-speed camera 19 without shadow coverage; the dysprosium lamp 20 is adopted to irradiate so as to meet the shooting imaging requirement, and the background color is not required to be added on the piston oil cavity test piece 8, and trace particles are not required to be added in the experimental fluid;
heating the top surface of the piston oil cavity test piece 8 by using a temperature heating device, and stopping heating when the temperature feedback signal of the temperature sensor reflects that the temperature of the inner side of the top surface is 100 ℃ so as to naturally cool the piston oil cavity test piece 8; the temperature heating device is an infrared heater and is arranged on the top surface of the piston oil cavity test piece 8;
step four, starting a driving motor 2, enabling a piston of a diesel engine set 5 to drive a connecting rod 6 and a testing platform 7 at the top to move up and down through a crank connecting rod 4, enabling a piston oil cavity test piece 8 to perform reciprocating oscillation movement, and starting a high-speed camera 19 to shoot the motion state and flow rule of gas-liquid two-phase flow in a cavity of the piston oil cavity test piece 8;
and fifthly, after the high-speed camera 19 shoots the oscillating motion of the two-phase flow and enters the periodical stable motion, triggering and starting the temperature sensor through the control cabinet to acquire temperature signals of all measuring points in the piston oil cavity test piece 8, and simultaneously visually observing, storing the acquired temperature data into a computer for subsequent data processing, and evaluating the influence of the oscillating flow field change of the two-phase flow on the heat transfer effect of the two-phase flow. The control cabinet can control the rotating speed of the driving motor 2 on the workbench 1 and control the synchronous triggering of visual shooting and heat transfer measurement; the computer is used for collecting and storing the two-phase flow oscillation moving image shot by the high-speed camera and the acquired temperature data;
the piston oil cavity test piece 8 is made of metal and a transparent plate, and can perform a visual experiment and an oscillation heat transfer experiment simultaneously, the rotation motion of the driving motor 2 is changed into the reciprocating motion of the piston, and the high-speed reciprocating motion of the diesel engine piston is simulated, so that the piston oil cavity test piece 2 can reach the same oscillation frequency of the diesel engine piston, the oscillation motion rule of two-phase flow in the piston oil cavity test piece is completely consistent with the flow process and the flow form in a cooling oil cavity of the diesel engine piston, the high-speed camera 19 is used for visually observing the flow process and the flow form, meanwhile, the oscillation heat transfer effect of the piston oil cavity test piece 8 is measured through an internal temperature sensor, and the inside of the piston oil cavity test piece 8 can store gas and liquid two-phase media, so that the working efficiency is improved.
The detachable cross beam 10 can be detached to set the workbench in the movable frame cover 9, the sealing plate at the upper part of the movable frame cover 9 is a transparent plate, the movement conditions of the driving motor 2 and the diesel engine set 5 can be observed, the safety and reliability are realized, the counterweight 12 is arranged at the bottom of the workbench, the large vibration is prevented from being generated during experiments, and the universal wheel 16 is arranged at the bottom of the movable frame cover 9 and can be fixed and movable, so that the transportation and the transfer of an experimental device are facilitated; rubber fixing blocks 18 are arranged between four corners of the bottom of the workbench and the inner side of the bottom of the movable frame cover body 9, so that the workbench is prevented from moving, and the experimental effect is prevented from being influenced.
Through the two-phase flow oscillation experimental method, the image and the temperature data of the two-phase flow oscillation flowing process in the piston oil cavity test piece 8 can be obtained simultaneously, and then the image and the temperature data are processed, so that the influence of the two-phase flow oscillation flow field change on the heat transfer effect can be evaluated.

Claims (6)

1. The two-phase flow oscillation experimental device is characterized by comprising a workbench (1), a driving motor (2) fixedly arranged on the workbench (1), a crank connecting rod (4) fixedly arranged on a transmission shaft of the driving motor (2), a diesel engine set (5) connected with the crank connecting rod (4), a connecting rod (6) vertically arranged at the top of a piston of the diesel engine set (5), a testing platform (7) fixedly arranged at the top of the connecting rod (6) and a piston oil cavity test piece (8) fixedly arranged at the top of the testing platform (7); a high-speed camera (19) is arranged outside the piston oil cavity test piece (8);
performing a visual observation experiment and/or a heat transfer measurement experiment on the piston oil cavity test piece (8);
the workbench (1) comprises a frame body (11), a plurality of balancing weights (12) arranged on the bottom plate of the frame body (11) and damping feet (13) fixedly arranged at the bottom of the frame body (11); a fixed seat (14) is fixedly arranged on the top plate of the frame body (11), the driving motor (2) is fixedly arranged on the fixed seat (14), and the diesel engine unit (5) is fixedly arranged on the other side of the top plate of the frame body (11);
a movable frame cover body (9) is arranged on the outer side of the workbench (1), a detachable cross beam (10) is arranged at the bottom of the movable frame cover body (9), universal wheels (16) are arranged at the bottom of the movable frame cover body (9), and the piston oil cavity test piece (8) is arranged outside the movable frame cover body (9); a sealing plate (15) is arranged on the outer side of the movable frame cover body (9), and the sealing plate (15) positioned on the upper part of the movable frame cover body (9) is a transparent plate; a through hole (17) for the connecting rod (6) to pass through is arranged on the top plate of the movable frame cover body (9);
when a visual observation experiment and a heat transfer measurement experiment are carried out on the piston oil cavity test piece (8), a top plate and a bottom plate are made of metal materials, a side plate is a transparent plate, and temperature sensors are arranged on the inner walls of the top plate and the bottom plate.
2. The two-phase flow oscillation experimental device according to claim 1, wherein the top plate, the bottom plate and the side plates are transparent plates when a visual observation experiment is performed on the piston oil cavity experimental piece (8).
3. The two-phase flow oscillation experimental device according to claim 1, wherein rubber fixing blocks (18) are arranged between four corners of the bottom of the workbench (1) and the inner side of the bottom of the movable frame cover body (9).
4. The two-phase flow oscillation experimental device according to claim 1, wherein a protective cover (3) is arranged on the top of a movable frame cover body (9) outside a piston oil cavity experimental piece (8).
5. A two-phase flow oscillation experiment device according to claim 1, characterized in that the piston oil chamber test piece (8) is a cube or a cylinder.
6. A two-phase flow oscillation experimental method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, injecting engine oil with proper volume into a piston oil cavity test piece (8), and fixing the engine oil on a test platform (7) after sealing;
step two, starting a dysprosium lamp (20), irradiating the piston oil cavity test piece (8), adjusting the position of the dysprosium lamp (20), and ensuring that the irradiation of the dysprosium lamp (20) is at a certain angle, so that the imaging of the piston oil cavity test piece (8) in a high-speed camera (19) is clear, stable and free from shadow coverage;
heating the top surface of the piston oil cavity test piece (8) by using a temperature heating device, and stopping heating to cool the piston oil cavity test piece (8) when the temperature feedback signal of the temperature sensor reflects that the temperature of the inner side of the top surface is 100 ℃;
step four, starting a driving motor (2), enabling a piston of a diesel engine unit (5) to drive a connecting rod (6) at the top and a testing platform (7) to move up and down through a crank connecting rod (4), enabling a piston oil cavity test piece (8) to perform reciprocating oscillation movement, and starting a high-speed camera (19) to shoot the movement state and flow rule of a gas-liquid two-phase flow in a cavity of the piston oil cavity test piece (8);
step five, after the high-speed camera (19) shoots the oscillating motion of the two-phase flow and enters the periodic stable motion, triggering and starting the temperature sensor through the control cabinet to acquire temperature signals of all measuring points in the piston oil cavity test piece (8), and simultaneously visually observing, and storing acquired temperature data into a computer for subsequent data processing;
the shooting and acquisition frequency of the high-speed camera (19) is 2000 frames per second, and the pixels are 1024 multiplied by 1024.
CN201910593648.7A 2019-07-03 2019-07-03 Two-phase flow oscillation experimental device and experimental method Active CN110274931B (en)

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CN113281050B (en) * 2021-05-11 2022-08-02 华中科技大学 Pressure oil supply type piston oscillation cooling visual test device

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