CN108007693B - Internal combustion engine piston internal cooling oil duct oscillation flow simulation device and test method - Google Patents
Internal combustion engine piston internal cooling oil duct oscillation flow simulation device and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108007693B CN108007693B CN201711023450.2A CN201711023450A CN108007693B CN 108007693 B CN108007693 B CN 108007693B CN 201711023450 A CN201711023450 A CN 201711023450A CN 108007693 B CN108007693 B CN 108007693B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an internal combustion engine piston internal cooling oil duct oscillation flow simulation device and a test method, and belongs to the technical field of internal combustion engine piston tests. The method comprises the following steps: the device comprises a main body oscillation mechanism, a power system, an oil supply and residual oil collecting system and a control and measurement system; the main body oscillation mechanism comprises a variable crank connecting rod mechanism, an ejector rod, an oil duct transparent model and a rack comprising an ejector rod guide mechanism; the power system comprises a servo motor device; the oil supply system sprays engine oil to the oil duct transparent model through an oil nozzle aligned with an inlet of the oil duct transparent model, and the residual oil collection system finally collects the engine oil; the control and measurement system measures and controls the rotating speed, the oil injection pressure and the like of the servo motor device, and records the flowing condition of the engine oil and other data through high-speed photographic equipment. The invention has high simulation precision and strong universality, can dynamically simulate the engine oil oscillation flow distribution of the cold oil duct in the piston, can measure the oil injection performance of the oil injection nozzle and provides basis for the optimization design of the piston.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an internal combustion engine piston internal cooling oil duct oscillation flow simulation device and a test method, and belongs to the technical field of internal combustion engine piston tests.
Background
With the increasing of explosion pressure and power per liter in the cylinder of the diesel engine in recent years, the thermal load and the mechanical load of the piston of the diesel engine are greatly increased. In order to prevent the piston from failing and ensure the reliability and durability of the piston and the diesel engine, the maximum temperature of the piston must be controlled below an allowable value, and thus the piston needs to be effectively cooled. The cooling mode widely applied to the high-load piston at present is forced oscillation cooling of an internal cooling oil passage.
The forced oscillation cooling of the inner cooling oil duct is that the oil duct is cast in the inner side of the piston ring area, engine oil is sprayed to an engine oil inlet of the oil duct through an engine oil nozzle, and the engine oil enters the oil duct and then violently oscillates under the high-speed reciprocating motion of a piston and finally flows out of an oil duct outlet. Most of heat of the piston can be taken away by the engine oil in the oscillating process of the internal cooling oil channel, and the temperature of the piston is greatly reduced. In the research of the inner cooling oil duct, the earlier method is to evaluate the heat exchange performance of the inner cooling oil duct through a piston temperature field, and a satisfactory result cannot be obtained due to the limitation of the accuracy of boundary conditions.
At present, researches on forced oscillation cooling of an internal cooling oil duct mainly comprise oil duct flowing heat exchange simulation and research on an internal cooling oil duct oscillation flowing simulation test device. The simulation calculation of the flowing heat exchange of the oil duct simulates a simplified oil duct model, the accuracy of the model is difficult to guarantee, and experimental verification is needed. Examples of the development of the oscillatory flow simulation test device include: chinese patent application 200910047582.8 discloses a piston oscillation cooling simulation experiment device and an experiment method thereof. The motor drives the rotary disc to rotate, and the connecting rod drives the bracket to simulate the movement of a diesel engine piston under the limitation of the guide rail.
But the radius of the crank of the device can not be adjusted in a stepless way, and the universality is small; because of the guide rail used by the reciprocating mechanism, the engine oil is difficult to collect, and meanwhile, the engine oil splashes around at the engine oil inlet and cannot be collected; the oil duct model is small, so that the observation precision is low; in addition, the device does not consider lubrication of the guide rail and the high-speed reciprocating mechanism, and also does not consider vibration caused by high-speed dynamic unbalance.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the device can directly observe the oscillating flow distribution of the engine oil in the inner cooling oil duct, can accurately measure the oil passing rate of the inner cooling oil duct, and provides a basis for researching the flowing heat exchange of the inner cooling oil duct and the design of the inner cooling oil duct of the piston.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: an internal combustion engine piston internal cooling gallery oscillation flow simulator, comprising: the device comprises a main body oscillation mechanism, a power system, an oil supply and residual oil collecting system and a control and measurement system; wherein:
the main body oscillation mechanism comprises a frame 1, a crank length adjusting device 2, an ejector rod guide mechanism, a connecting rod 13, a variable crank connecting rod mechanism 14, an ejector rod 11, a test piece mounting platform 9, an oil duct transparent model 8 and a right main journal 21;
mounting holes are formed in the left side, the right side and the upper portion of the rack 1, a crank length adjusting device 2 penetrates through the mounting hole in the left side of the rack 1 and then is connected with the left side of a variable crank link mechanism 14 in the rack 1, a right main journal 21 penetrates through the mounting hole in the right side of the rack 1 and then is connected with the right side of the variable crank link mechanism 14, the right main journal 21 is axially fixed by the rack 1, a mandril guide mechanism is arranged at the mounting hole in the upper portion of the rack 1, a test piece mounting platform 9 is fixed right above the rack 1, the upper end of a mandril 11 is connected with the test piece mounting platform 9, the lower end of the mandril guide mechanism penetrates through the lower end and then is connected with the upper end of a connecting rod 13 in the rack 1, the lower end of the connecting rod 13 is connected with; the oil duct transparent model 8 comprises an oil inlet and an oil outlet;
the power system comprises a servo motor device 15, a motor output shaft 18 of the servo motor device 15 is connected with a right main journal 21, the servo motor device 15 drives a variable crank connecting rod mechanism 14 to reciprocate through the right main journal 21, and then the variable crank connecting rod mechanism 14 drives a connecting rod 13 to reciprocate up and down;
the oil supply and residual oil collection system comprises an oil supply device and a residual oil collection device 12, wherein the oil supply device is used for spraying engine oil to an oil inlet of the oil duct transparent model 8, and the residual oil collection device 12 is used for collecting the engine oil flowing out of an oil outlet of the oil duct transparent model 8 and the engine oil sprayed from the oil supply device but not sprayed into the oil inlet of the oil duct transparent model 8;
the control and measurement system comprises an upper computer, a lower computer and a high-speed photographic device 10, wherein the upper computer is connected with the lower computer and used for transmitting instructions to the lower computer, the lower computer is connected with the high-speed photographic device 10, an oil supply device and a servo motor device 15 and used for controlling the high-speed photographic device 10, the oil supply device and the servo motor device 15 to execute the instructions of the upper computer and feed back state data of the high-speed photographic device 10, the oil supply device and the servo motor device 15 to the upper computer, and the high-speed photographic device 10 is used for shooting the oil oscillation condition in the oil duct transparent model 8.
The crank length adjusting device 2 comprises a hand wheel 16, a sliding screw 17, a nut 29, a bearing 27, a sleeve 26, a thrust retaining ring or a double-nut fixed standard part 28; the sleeve 26 is installed in a mounting hole on the left side of the frame 1, the bearing 27 is installed inside the sleeve 26, the nut 29 is installed on the inner ring of the bearing 27 and is axially fixed, the thrust retaining ring or the double-nut fixing standard part 28 is fixed on the nut 29, the sliding screw 17 is in threaded connection with the inner wall of the nut 29, the left end of the sliding screw 17 is connected with the hand wheel 16, the right end of the sliding screw 17 is connected with the left end of the variable crank-link mechanism 14, and the axial position of the sliding screw 17 is changed by rotating the hand wheel 16, so that the variable crank-link mechanism.
The variable crank-link mechanism 14 comprises a left crank 25, a link journal 24 and a right crank 23, the left end of the left crank 25 is connected with the crank length adjusting device 2, the right end of the left crank 25 is connected with the left end of the link journal 24, the right end of the link journal 24 is connected with the left end of the right crank 23, the right end of the right crank 23 is connected with the right main journal 21, the middle part of the link journal 24 is connected with a link 13 above, the ejector rod guide mechanism comprises an ejector rod sleeve 19 and an ejector rod sleeve seat 20, the ejector rod sleeve seat 20 is positioned at the mounting hole on the upper part of the frame 1, the ejector rod sleeve 19 is mounted inside the ejector rod sleeve seat 20, the lower end of the ejector rod 11 passes through the ejector rod sleeve 19 and then extends into the frame 1, the ejector rod 11 freely slides in the ejector rod sleeve 19, the lower end of the ejector rod 11 is provided with a connecting lug, the connecting lug is provided with a pin hole, the upper end of the link 13 is, the connecting rod 13 is rotatably connected with the ejector rod 11 through a pin penetrating through a pin hole on the connecting lug and a pin hole on the small end of the connecting rod, and the large end of the connecting rod 13 is rotatably connected with the middle part of a connecting rod journal 24 at the lower end.
The variable crank link mechanism 14 further includes a vibration balance device 22 at the left end and the right end, the left end of the vibration balance device 22 at the left end is connected with the crank length adjusting device 2, the right end is connected with the left end of the left crank 25, the left end of the vibration balance device 22 at the right end is connected with the right end of the right crank 23, and the right end is connected with the right main journal 21.
The oil supply device comprises an oil storage tank 3, a high-pressure oil pump 4, an oil pump motor 5, a pressure accumulator 6 and an oil nozzle 7, wherein the high-pressure oil pump 4 is respectively connected with the oil storage tank 3, the oil pump motor 5 and the pressure accumulator 6, the pressure accumulator 6 is connected with the oil nozzle 7, and the oil nozzle 7 is adjusted by an oil nozzle position adjusting device to be aligned with an oil inlet of the oil duct transparent model 8.
The oil nozzle position adjusting device comprises three regulators which are connected together and have the same structure, namely a Z axial regulator 41, an X axial regulator 42 and a Y axial regulator 43, each regulator comprises a guide rail and a sleeve, the guide rails are sleeved in the sleeves, threaded holes are formed in the corresponding positions of the guide rail sleeves and the sleeves, and the Z axial regulator 41, the X axial regulator 42 and the Y axial regulator 43 are connected together through bolts penetrating through the threaded holes.
The residual oil collecting device 12 comprises an upper jacket box 30, a lower jacket box 31, a cavity 32, an oil outlet collecting pipe 33, an un-sprayed oil collecting pipe 34, an oil spraying oil way 35 and a ventilation window 36, wherein the upper jacket box 30 is fixed with the upper test piece mounting platform 9, the inlet of the upper jacket box 30 is communicated with the oil outlet of the oil duct transparent model 8, the lower jacket box 31 is positioned at the lower end of the upper jacket box 30 and is in clearance fit with the upper jacket box 30, the lower jacket box 31 contains a middle baffle 37, the cavity 32 with the ventilation window 36 is arranged at the outer side of the lower jacket box 31, a middle baffle 40 is arranged in the middle of the cavity, the ventilation window 36 is communicated with the atmosphere, the middle baffle 37 divides the lower jacket box 31 into a left box body and a right box body, engine oil flowing out from the oil outlet of the oil duct transparent model 8 flows through the upper jacket box 30 and then enters the left box body of the lower jacket box 31, the engine oil sprayed from the oil supply device, the oil-out collecting pipe 33 is communicated with the left cavity of the cavity 32, and the non-injected oil collecting pipe 34 is communicated with the right cavity of the cavity 32.
The section of the middle baffle 37 is in a crank shape.
The upper computer is an industrial personal computer, and the lower computer is a PLC.
A test method of an internal combustion engine piston internal cooling oil passage oscillation flow simulation device comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: manufacturing a simplified connecting rod 13 according to the length of the connecting rod of the researched machine type, and rotatably connecting the connecting rod 13 with a connecting rod journal 24; then the length of the simulated crank is adjusted to the length of the actual model crank by rotating the hand wheel 16; the connecting rod 13 is rotatably connected with the ejector rod 11; after installation, the variable crank link mechanism 14 is kept at the bottom dead center position; the ejector rod 11 is connected with the frame 1 in a sliding way through an ejector rod guide mechanism, and the perpendicularity of the ejector rod 11 is ensured by the ejector rod guide mechanism;
step two: according to the structure of the cold oil duct in the researched piston, a transparent oil duct model 8 is manufactured according to the similar theory; drilling holes corresponding to the positions of an inlet and an outlet of an oil channel on the test piece mounting platform 9, fixing the oil channel transparent model 8 on the upper part of the test piece mounting platform 9, and adjusting the position of an oil nozzle 7 to enable the oil nozzle to be opposite to an oil inlet of the oil channel transparent model 8;
step three: starting an oil pump motor 5, starting an oil nozzle electromagnetic valve after the pressure of a pressure accumulator 6 reaches an experimental value and is constant, injecting high-pressure engine oil into an oil inlet of an oil duct transparent model 8 by an oil nozzle 7, and observing the condition of oil injection when the transparent oil cavity model is still at a bottom dead center;
step four: the upper computer sends out a command, the lower computer controls the servo motor device 15 to start, so that the variable crank-link mechanism 14 stably runs at a certain rotating speed, and the connecting rod 13 and the ejector rod 11 drive the test piece mounting platform 9 and the oil duct transparent model 8 above the test piece mounting platform to reciprocate according to a given rule;
step five: after 30 seconds, the engine oil in the oil duct transparent model 8 moves in a stable periodic manner, and the high-speed photographing equipment 10 is started to photograph and record the oscillation condition of the engine oil in the oil duct transparent model 8;
step six: after 5 minutes, observing and recording, stopping oil injection and closing the servo motor device 15; the upper computer analyzes the collected data to obtain the oscillation distribution condition of the engine oil in the oil duct transparent model 8 and the average engine oil passing rate of the oil duct;
step seven: the oil injection temperature in the oil supply system, the oil injection pressure of the high-pressure oil pump 4 and the rotating speed of the servo motor device 15 are changed through the control and measurement system, and experimental data under different working conditions are obtained through experiments.
The principle of the design of the invention is as follows: the variable crank-link mechanism 14 is driven by the servo motor device 15 to drive the ejector rod 11 to do up-and-down reciprocating motion under the constraint of the guide mechanism of the frame 1, and the test piece (the oil duct transparent model 8) is fixed above the test piece mounting platform 9 above the ejector rod 11, so that the variable crank-link mechanism 14 is separated from the test piece (the oil duct transparent model 8), and an oil duct engine oil collecting device can be conveniently arranged and the variable crank-link mechanism 14 and the like can be conveniently driven to be lubricated; stepless adjustment of the axial position of the sliding screw 17 is realized through sliding screw transmission; the oil duct transparent model 8 is designed and manufactured based on a similar theory, the Reynolds number is controlled to be unchanged, and the actual oil duct size, the oil injection speed and the rotating speed are correspondingly adjusted to obtain similar model parameters; the huge vibration caused by the high-speed reciprocating motion of the components is balanced by adopting a semi-balance method by arranging a vibration balancing device 22 at the reverse position of the crank, namely, the whole centrifugal inertia force and a half reciprocating inertia force are balanced, and the balance mass is obtained by a semi-balance method formula of the variable crank connecting rod mechanism 14.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the piston moves to move upwards and translate through the sliding of the ejector rod 11 under the restraint of the ejector rod guide mechanism, so that the variable crank link mechanism 14 is separated from a test piece (the oil duct transparent model 8); and a residual oil collecting device 12 with a ventilation window 36 is arranged below the divided inner cooling oil channel model, and can collect the engine oil flowing out of the oil outlet of the oil channel transparent model 8 and the engine oil which is sprayed out of the oil supply device but not sprayed into the oil inlet of the oil channel transparent model 8. The reason is that the ventilation window 36 is communicated with the atmosphere, the internal pressure of the residual oil collecting device 12 is close to the atmospheric pressure and is consistent with the actual internal environment of the crankcase, and the influence of higher internal pressure of other engine oil collecting devices on oil outlet of the oil passage is avoided; meanwhile, the lower part of the frame is closed, so that the splash lubrication is facilitated through a crankshaft or an oil thrower.
2. The length of the crank can be adjusted in a stepless way within a certain range by the variable crank connecting rod mechanism 14 comprising 4 rotary connections, so that the experimental device has stronger universality.
3. The oil duct transparent model 8 applies a similar theory, and enlarges the oil cavity in proportion on the basis of ensuring that the Reynolds number is unchanged, thereby improving the observation precision.
4. The dynamic balance problem of the whole rack is considered, the vibration balance device 22 is introduced, vibration caused by unbalanced inertia force is greatly reduced by arranging the vibration balance device 22, and the service life of each part and the observation precision are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the general structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the main body oscillating mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a fuel injector position adjustment mechanism;
fig. 5 is an external structural view of the residual oil collecting device 12;
fig. 6 is a plan view of the residual oil collecting device 12;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the cross-sectional structure A-A of FIG. 6;
fig. 8 is a front view of the residual oil collecting device 12;
fig. 9 is a schematic view of the cross-sectional structure B-B in fig. 8.
The reference numbers in the figures are: 1. a frame; 2. a crank length adjusting device; 3. an oil storage tank; 4. a high-pressure oil pump; 5. an oil pump motor; 6. an accumulator; 7. an oil jet; 8. an oil duct transparent model; 9. a test piece mounting platform; 10. a high-speed photographing apparatus; 11. a top rod; 12. a residual oil collecting device; 13. a connecting rod; 14. a variable crank link mechanism; 15. a servo motor device; 16. a hand wheel; 17. a sliding screw; 18. an output shaft of the motor; 19. a jack rod sleeve; 20. a jack rod sleeve seat; 21. a right main journal; 22. a vibration balancing device; 23. a right crank; 24. a connecting rod journal; 25. a left crank; 26. a sleeve; 27. a bearing; 28. the standard component is fixed by the thrust retaining ring or the double nuts; 29. a nut; 30. putting a jacket box; 31. a lower sleeve box; 32. a cavity; 33. an oil outlet collecting pipe; 34. the oil collecting pipe is not sprayed; 35. an oil injection oil way; 36. a ventilation window; 37. an intermediate baffle; 38. a right square hole; 39. a left side square hole; 40. a middle partition plate; 41. a Z-axis adjuster; 42. an X-axis adjuster; 43. a Y-axis adjuster.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1 to 9, an oscillating flow simulation device for a cooling gallery in a piston of an internal combustion engine includes: the device comprises a main body oscillation mechanism, a power system, an oil supply and residual oil collecting system and a control and measurement system; wherein:
the main body oscillation mechanism comprises a frame 1, a crank length adjusting device 2, an ejector rod guide mechanism, a connecting rod 13, a variable crank connecting rod mechanism 14, an ejector rod 11, a test piece mounting platform 9, an oil duct transparent model 8 and a right main journal 21;
mounting holes are formed in the left side, the right side and the upper portion of the rack 1, a crank length adjusting device 2 penetrates through the mounting hole in the left side of the rack 1 and then is connected with the left side of a variable crank link mechanism 14 in the rack 1, a right main journal 21 penetrates through the mounting hole in the right side of the rack 1 and then is connected with the right side of the variable crank link mechanism 14, the right main journal 21 is axially fixed by the rack 1, a mandril guide mechanism is arranged at the mounting hole in the upper portion of the rack 1, a test piece mounting platform 9 is fixed right above the rack 1, the upper end of a mandril 11 is connected with the test piece mounting platform 9, the lower end of the mandril guide mechanism penetrates through the lower end and then is connected with the upper end of a connecting rod 13 in the rack 1, the lower end of the connecting rod 13 is connected with; the oil duct transparent model 8 comprises an oil inlet and an oil outlet;
the power system comprises a servo motor device 15, a motor output shaft 18 of the servo motor device 15 is connected with a right main journal 21, the servo motor device 15 drives a variable crank connecting rod mechanism 14 to reciprocate through the right main journal 21, and then the variable crank connecting rod mechanism 14 drives a connecting rod 13 to reciprocate up and down, so that the simulation of the motion of the cold oil duct in the piston is realized.
The oil supply and residual oil collection system comprises an oil supply device and a residual oil collection device 12, wherein the oil supply device is used for spraying engine oil to an oil inlet of the oil duct transparent model 8, and the residual oil collection device 12 is used for collecting the engine oil flowing out of an oil outlet of the oil duct transparent model 8 and the engine oil sprayed from the oil supply device but not sprayed into the oil inlet of the oil duct transparent model 8; the oil duct transparent model 8 is a similar model of the cold oil duct in the researched piston, and based on a similar theory, the oil duct is amplified by controlling the Reynolds number to be unchanged, so that high-precision observation can be carried out. The experimental oil gallery transparent models 8 are all circular in top view, but the cross-sectional shape may vary depending on design requirements.
The control and measurement system comprises an upper computer, a lower computer and a high-speed photographic device 10, wherein the upper computer is connected with the lower computer and used for transmitting instructions to the lower computer, the lower computer is connected with the high-speed photographic device 10, an oil supply device and a servo motor device 15 and used for controlling the high-speed photographic device 10, the oil supply device and the servo motor device 15 to execute the instructions of the upper computer and feed back state data of the high-speed photographic device 10, the oil supply device and the servo motor device 15 to the upper computer, and the high-speed photographic device 10 is used for shooting the oil oscillation condition in the oil duct transparent model 8.
Further, the crank length adjusting device 2 comprises a hand wheel 16, a sliding screw 17, a nut 29, a bearing 27, a sleeve 26, a thrust retainer ring or a double-nut fixed standard part 28; the sleeve 26 is installed in a mounting hole on the left side of the frame 1, the bearing 27 is installed inside the sleeve 26, the nut 29 is installed on the inner ring of the bearing 27 and is axially fixed, the thrust retaining ring or the double-nut fixing standard part 28 is fixed on the nut 29, the sliding screw 17 is in threaded connection with the inner wall of the nut 29, the left end of the sliding screw 17 is connected with the hand wheel 16, the right end of the sliding screw 17 is connected with the left end of the variable crank-link mechanism 14, and the axial position of the sliding screw 17 is changed by rotating the hand wheel 16, so that the variable crank-link mechanism. During operation, due to the self-locking function of the sliding screw 17 and the nut 29, the sliding screw 17 and the nut 29 rotate along with the variable crank-link mechanism 14 as a whole; when the length of the crank needs to be adjusted, the nut 29 is fixed, the hand wheel 16 is rotated, the axial position of the sliding screw 17 is changed, and therefore the variable crank connecting rod mechanism 14 is pushed to move. The shaft of the sliding screw 17 is provided with a crank radius scale value which is used for determining the radius of a crank in the current variable crank connecting rod mechanism 14. By turning the hand wheel 16, the axial position of the sliding screw 17 is changed, thereby pushing the variable crank mechanism 14 to move.
Further, the variable crank link mechanism 14 comprises a left crank 25, a link journal 24 and a right crank 23, the left end of the left crank 25 is connected with the crank length adjusting device 2, the right end of the left crank 25 is connected with the left end of the link journal 24, the right end of the link journal 24 is connected with the left end of the right crank 23, the right end of the right crank 23 is connected with the right main journal 21, the middle part of the link journal 24 is connected with the upper link 13, the ejector rod guide mechanism comprises an ejector rod sleeve 19 and an ejector rod sleeve seat 20, the ejector rod 11 is connected with the rack 1 in a sliding way through the guide mechanism, the ejector rod sleeve seat 20 is positioned at the mounting hole at the upper part of the rack 1, the ejector rod sleeve 19 is mounted inside the ejector rod sleeve seat 20, the lower end of the ejector rod 11 penetrates through the ejector rod sleeve 19 and then extends into the rack 1, the ejector rod 11 slides freely in the ejector rod sleeve 19, the ejector rod 11 and the ejector rod sleeve 19 are made of alloy, a reasonable gap is ensured, the gap is too large, oil leakage is easy to occur, and guiding is inaccurate; the clearance is too small, which is unfavorable for lubrication and easy to block. The lower end of the ejector rod 11 is provided with a connecting lug, the connecting lug is provided with a pin hole, the upper end of the connecting rod 13 is a connecting rod small end, the lower end of the connecting rod 13 is a connecting rod big end, the connecting rod small end is provided with a pin hole, a pin penetrates through the pin hole on the connecting lug and the pin hole on the connecting rod small end to enable the connecting rod 13 to be rotatably connected with the ejector rod 11, the connecting rod big end of the connecting rod 13 is rotatably connected with the middle part of a connecting rod journal 24 at the lower end, and as shown in fig. 3, the connecting rod journal 24 specifically penetrates through. The restriction of the seat hole on the big end of the connecting rod 13 ensures that the central line of the connecting rod journal 24 is parallel to the central line of the right journal 21, thereby realizing the correct piston motion law. The variable crank connecting rod mechanism 14 is rotationally connected with 4 positions at the crank throw, the crank length adjusting device 2 can adjust the axial position of one end of the crankshaft through screw transmission, and the other end of the crankshaft is axially fixed, so that the stepless adjustment of the crank length is realized; the lubrication is performed by partially immersing the crankshaft in an oil sump or by splash lubrication through an oil slinger attached to the crankshaft. The ejector rod 11 is rigidly connected with the test piece mounting platform 9 and the connecting lug at the lower end.
Further, the variable crank link mechanism 14 further includes a vibration balance device 22 at the left end and the right end, the left end of the vibration balance device 22 at the left end is connected to the crank length adjustment device 2, the right end is connected to the left end of the left crank 25, the left end of the vibration balance device 22 at the right end is connected to the right end of the right crank 23, and the right end is connected to the right main journal 21. The vibration balance device 22 comprises a disc fixed on the crankshafts of the left crank 25 and the right crank 23 and a balance weight fixed on the disc, and the mass and the arrangement position of the balance weight are determined by force calculation. The left vibration balance device 22, the left crank 25, the connecting rod journal 24, the right crank 23 and the right vibration balance device 22 are hinged with each other, so that the length change of the actual variable crank-connecting rod mechanism 14 can be realized when the hand wheel 16 is rotated. The unbalanced reciprocating and centrifugal inertial forces are dynamically balanced by arranging a vibration balancing device 22 on the opposite side of the crankshaft.
Further, the oil supply device comprises an oil storage tank 3, a high-pressure oil pump 4, an oil pump motor 5, a pressure accumulator 6 and an oil nozzle 7, wherein the high-pressure oil pump 4 is respectively connected with the oil storage tank 3, the oil pump motor 5 and the pressure accumulator 6, the pressure accumulator 6 is connected with the oil nozzle 7, and the oil nozzle 7 is adjusted by an oil nozzle position adjusting device to be aligned with an oil inlet of the oil duct transparent model 8. The oil supply device outputs stable pressure engine oil through the pressure accumulator 6 and a control system. Engine oil enters an accumulator 6 through a high-pressure oil pump 4 to be stabilized, and is finally sprayed out from an oil nozzle 7; the control and measurement system controls the rotating speed of the high-pressure oil pump motor 5 and the opening and closing of an electric control oil injection valve arranged on the oil injection nozzle 7, and controls a front pressure relief valve of the pressure accumulator 6 to stabilize the pressure of the pressure accumulator to an experimental value.
Further, the oil nozzle position adjusting device comprises three same-structure regulators which are connected together, namely a Z-axis regulator 41, an X-axis regulator 42 and a Y-axis regulator 43, each regulator comprises a guide rail and a sleeve, the guide rail is sleeved in the sleeve, threaded holes are formed in the corresponding positions of the guide rail sleeve and the sleeve, and the Z-axis regulator 41, the X-axis regulator 42 and the Y-axis regulator 43 are connected together through bolts penetrating through the threaded holes. The oil nozzle 7 is fixed on an oil nozzle position adjusting device, and the oil nozzle position adjusting device adjusts the position of the oil nozzle 7 in three directions through guide rails of XYZ three dimensions of a space coordinate system.
Further, the residual oil collecting device 12 includes an upper jacket 30, a lower jacket 31, a cavity 32, an oil outlet collecting pipe 33, an un-sprayed oil collecting pipe 34, an oil spraying oil path 35, and a ventilation window 36, the upper jacket 30 is fixed with the upper test piece mounting platform 9, an inlet of the upper jacket is communicated with an oil outlet of the oil passage transparent model 8, the lower jacket 31 is positioned at the lower end of the upper jacket 30 and is in clearance fit with the upper jacket 30, the lower jacket 31 contains a middle baffle 37, the cavity 32 with the ventilation window 36 is arranged at the outer side of the lower jacket 31, a middle baffle 40 is arranged in the middle of the cavity, the ventilation window 36 is communicated with the atmosphere, the middle baffle 37 divides the lower jacket 31 into a left box and a right box, the engine oil flowing out from the oil outlet of the oil passage transparent model 8 flows through the upper jacket 30 and then enters the left box of the lower jacket 31, the engine oil sprayed from the oil supplying device but not sprayed into the oil inlet of the oil passage transparent model 8 splashes on, the oil-out collecting pipe 33 is communicated with the left cavity of the cavity 32, and the non-injected oil collecting pipe 34 is communicated with the right cavity of the cavity 32.
The engine oil flows and is supplied to the oil nozzle 7 from the oil injection oil path 35 and is sprayed out by aligning with the oil inlet of the oil duct transparent model 8: the engine oil sprayed into the oil duct transparent model 8 oscillates along with the model, finally flows out of an oil outlet of the oil duct transparent model 8, is collected by the upper sleeve 30 and the lower sleeve 31, enters the right side isolation space of the cavity 32 through the right side square hole 38, and finally flows to a metering container through the oil outlet collecting pipe 33; the engine oil which is sprayed out from the nozzle and is not sprayed into the transparent oil cavity model 8 directly flows to the left isolated space of the cavity 32 through the left side square hole 39 after being collected by the upper sleeve 30 and the lower sleeve 31, and is finally discharged through the non-sprayed oil collecting pipe 34. Because the top of the isolation space at the left side and the right side of the cavity 32 is provided with the ventilation windows 36 to communicate with the atmospheric pressure, the internal atmospheric pressure of the upper jacket 30 and the lower jacket 31 is close to the atmospheric pressure in the relative movement process, so that the air pressure of the oil inlet and the oil outlet of the oil duct transparent model 8 is close to the actual air pressure of a crankcase (close to the atmospheric pressure), and the problem that the oil outlet is influenced by the high pressure of the oil outlet in the existing engine oil collection technology is.
The section of the middle baffle 37 is in a crank shape. Fig. 8 and 9 are a front view and a B-B sectional view of the residual oil collecting device 12: in order to avoid interference between the ejector rods 11 and the oil spray nozzle 7, the ejector rods are arranged as shown in fig. 9, the section of the intermediate baffle 37 is in a crank shape, and a gap is reserved between the upper sleeve box 30 and the lower sleeve box 31 to avoid friction during relative movement.
The upper computer is an industrial personal computer, and the lower computer is a PLC.
A test method of an internal combustion engine piston internal cooling oil passage oscillation flow simulation device comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: manufacturing a simplified connecting rod 13 according to the length of the connecting rod of the researched machine type, and rotatably connecting the connecting rod 13 with a connecting rod journal 24; then the length of the simulated crank is adjusted to the length of the actual model crank by rotating the hand wheel 16; the connecting rod 13 is rotatably connected with the ejector rod 11; after installation, the variable crank link mechanism 14 is kept at the bottom dead center position; the ejector rod 11 is connected with the frame 1 in a sliding way through an ejector rod guide mechanism, and the perpendicularity of the ejector rod 11 is ensured by the ejector rod guide mechanism;
step two: according to the structure of the cold oil duct in the researched piston, a transparent oil duct model 8 is manufactured according to the similar theory; drilling holes corresponding to the positions of an inlet and an outlet of an oil channel on the test piece mounting platform 9, fixing the oil channel transparent model 8 on the upper part of the test piece mounting platform 9, and adjusting the position of an oil nozzle 7 to enable the oil nozzle to be opposite to an oil inlet of the oil channel transparent model 8;
step three: starting an oil pump motor 5, starting an oil nozzle electromagnetic valve after the pressure of a pressure accumulator 6 reaches an experimental value and is constant, injecting high-pressure engine oil into an oil inlet of an oil duct transparent model 8 by an oil nozzle 7, and observing the condition of oil injection when the transparent oil cavity model is still at a bottom dead center;
step four: the upper computer sends out a command, the lower computer controls the servo motor device 15 to start, so that the variable crank-link mechanism 14 stably runs at a certain rotating speed, and the connecting rod 13 and the ejector rod 11 drive the test piece mounting platform 9 and the oil duct transparent model 8 above the test piece mounting platform to reciprocate according to a given rule;
step five: after 30 seconds, the engine oil in the oil duct transparent model 8 moves in a stable periodic manner, and the high-speed photographing equipment 10 is started to photograph and record the oscillation condition of the engine oil in the oil duct transparent model 8;
step six: after 5 minutes, observing and recording, stopping oil injection and closing the servo motor device 15; the upper computer analyzes the collected data to obtain the oscillation distribution condition of the engine oil in the oil duct transparent model 8 and the average engine oil passing rate of the oil duct;
step seven: the oil injection temperature in the oil supply system, the oil injection pressure of the high-pressure oil pump 4 and the rotating speed of the servo motor device 15 are changed through the control and measurement system, and experimental data under different working conditions are obtained through experiments.
The output end of the power system is connected with a variable crank connecting rod mechanism 14, and a push rod 11 and an oil duct transparent model 8 are driven by the variable crank connecting rod mechanism 14 to reciprocate at a high speed under the guidance of a guide mechanism of a frame 1. The cooling engine oil flows out from the oil storage tank 3 under the action of the high-pressure oil pump 4, enters the pressure accumulator 6 for pressure stabilization, is sprayed out to an oil inlet of the oil duct transparent model 8 from the oil nozzle 7 at constant pressure, and is collected through the residual oil collecting device 12. The control and measurement system is provided with high-speed photographic equipment and is used for observing and recording the oscillation flowing state of the engine oil in the cavity of the oil duct transparent model 8; meanwhile, the system takes an industrial personal computer as an upper computer, and takes a PLC as a lower computer to measure and control the rotating speed of a servo motor device 15, the oil injection pressure in an oil supply system, the oil injection flow, the temperature and the like. The invention has high simulation precision and strong universality, can dynamically simulate the engine oil oscillation flow distribution of the cold oil duct in the piston, can measure the oil injection performance of the oil injection nozzle and provides basis for the optimization design of the piston.
When the actual internal cooling oil cavity of the internal combustion engine piston is researched, the oil duct transparent model 8 is manufactured according to the actual internal cooling oil cavity structure and the amplification scale factor determined by the similar theory, and the oil injection speed and the engine rotating speed determined by the similar theory are tested. Before the experiment, a simplified connecting rod 13 is manufactured according to the length of the connecting rod of the actual model, and the length of the crank is adjusted to the actual model value through a hand wheel 16.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An internal combustion engine piston internal cooling oil passage oscillation flow simulation device is characterized by comprising: the device comprises a main body oscillation mechanism, a power system, an oil supply and residual oil collecting system and a control and measurement system; wherein:
the main body oscillation mechanism comprises a rack (1), a crank length adjusting device (2), an ejector rod guide mechanism, a connecting rod (13), a variable crank connecting rod mechanism (14), an ejector rod (11), a test piece mounting platform (9), an oil duct transparent model (8) and a right main journal (21);
the left side and the right side of the frame (1), mounting holes are formed in the upper parts of the crank length adjusting devices (2), the crank length adjusting devices penetrate through the mounting holes in the left side of the rack (1) and then are connected with the left side of a variable crank link mechanism (14) in the rack (1), a right main journal (21) penetrates through the mounting holes in the right side of the rack (1) and then is connected with the right side of the variable crank link mechanism (14), the right main journal (21) is axially fixed by the rack (1), a mandril guide mechanism is arranged at the mounting hole in the upper part of the rack (1), a test piece mounting platform (9) is fixed right above the rack (1), the upper end of a mandril (11) is connected with a test piece mounting platform (9), the lower end of the mandril guide mechanism penetrates through the upper end of a connecting rod (13) in the rack (1) and then is connected with the upper end of a connecting rod (13), the lower end of the connecting rod (13) is connected with the upper end of the variable crank link mechanism; the oil duct transparent model (8) is provided with an oil inlet and an oil outlet;
the power system comprises a servo motor device (15), a motor output shaft (18) of the servo motor device (15) is connected with a right main journal (21), the servo motor device (15) drives a variable crank connecting rod mechanism (14) to reciprocate through the right main journal (21), and then the variable crank connecting rod mechanism (14) drives a connecting rod (13) to reciprocate up and down;
the oil supply and residual oil collecting system comprises an oil supply device and a residual oil collecting device (12), wherein the oil supply device is used for spraying engine oil to an oil inlet of the oil duct transparent model (8), and the residual oil collecting device (12) is used for collecting the engine oil flowing out of the oil outlet of the oil duct transparent model (8) and the engine oil sprayed from the oil supply device but not sprayed into the oil inlet of the oil duct transparent model (8);
the control and measurement system comprises an upper computer, a lower computer and high-speed photographic equipment (10), wherein the upper computer is connected with the lower computer and used for transmitting instructions to the lower computer, the lower computer is connected with the high-speed photographic equipment (10), an oil supply device and a servo motor device (15) and used for controlling the high-speed photographic equipment (10), the oil supply device and the servo motor device (15) to execute the instructions of the upper computer and feed back state data of the high-speed photographic equipment (10), the oil supply device and the servo motor device (15) to the upper computer, and the high-speed photographic equipment (10) is used for shooting the oil oscillation condition in the oil duct transparent model (8);
the residual oil collecting device (12) comprises an upper sleeve box (30), a lower sleeve box (31), a cavity (32), an oil outlet collecting pipe (33), an un-sprayed oil collecting pipe (34), an oil spraying oil way (35) and a ventilation window (36), wherein the upper sleeve box (30) is fixed with a test piece mounting platform (9) at the upper part, the inlet of the upper sleeve box (30) is communicated with an oil outlet of the oil duct transparent model (8), the lower sleeve box (31) is positioned at the lower end of the upper sleeve box (30) and is in clearance fit with the upper sleeve box (30), the lower sleeve box (31) is internally provided with a middle baffle (37), the cavity (32) provided with the ventilation window (36) is arranged at the outer side of the lower sleeve box (31), a middle partition plate (40) is arranged in the middle of the lower sleeve box (31), the ventilation window (36) is communicated with the atmosphere, the middle baffle (37) divides the lower sleeve box (31) into a left box body and a right box body, and engine oil flowing out of the, the engine oil which is sprayed from the oil supply device but is not sprayed into an oil inlet of the oil duct transparent model (8) splashes onto the wall surfaces of the upper sleeve box (30) and the lower sleeve box (31), then falls into the right box body of the lower sleeve box (31) under the action of gravity, the cavity (32) is divided into a left cavity and a right cavity by the middle partition plate (40), a left side square hole (39) communicated with the left cavity of the cavity (32) is formed in the bottom of the left box body of the lower sleeve box (31), a right side square hole (38) communicated with the right cavity of the cavity (32) is formed in the bottom of the right box body of the lower sleeve box (31), the oil outlet collecting pipe (33) is communicated with the left cavity of the cavity (32), and the non-sprayed oil collecting pipe (34) is communicated with the.
2. The internal combustion engine piston gallery oscillating flow simulator of claim 1, wherein: the crank length adjusting device (2) comprises a hand wheel (16), a sliding screw (17), a nut (29), a bearing (27), a sleeve (26) and a thrust retainer ring or a double-nut fixed standard part (28); the sleeve (26) is installed in a mounting hole in the left side of the rack (1), the bearing (27) is installed inside the sleeve (26), the nut (29) is installed on an inner ring of the bearing (27) and is axially fixed, the thrust retainer ring or the double-nut fixing standard component (28) is fixed on the nut (29), the sliding screw (17) is in threaded connection with the inner wall of the nut (29), the left end of the sliding screw (17) is connected with the hand wheel (16), the right end of the sliding screw is connected with the left end of the variable crank link mechanism (14), and the axial position of the sliding screw (17) is changed by rotating the hand wheel (16), so that the variable crank link mechanism (14) is pushed to move.
3. The internal combustion engine piston gallery oscillating flow simulator of claim 1, wherein: the variable crank connecting rod mechanism (14) comprises a left crank (25), a connecting rod journal (24) and a right crank (23), the left end of the left crank (25) is connected with the crank length adjusting device (2), the right end of the left crank (25) is connected with the left end of the connecting rod journal (24), the right end of the connecting rod journal (24) is connected with the left end of the right crank (23), the right end of the right crank (23) is connected with the right main journal (21), the middle part of the connecting rod journal (24) is connected with a connecting rod (13) above, the ejector rod guide mechanism comprises an ejector rod sleeve (19) and an ejector rod sleeve seat (20), the ejector rod sleeve seat (20) is positioned at a mounting hole at the upper part of the rack (1), the ejector rod sleeve (19) is mounted inside the ejector rod sleeve seat (20), the lower end of the ejector rod (11) penetrates through the ejector rod sleeve (19) and then extends into the rack (1), and the ejector rod (11) freely slides in the ejector rod sleeve (19), the lower end of the ejector rod (11) is provided with a connecting lug, the connecting lug is provided with a pin hole, the upper end of the connecting rod (13) is provided with a small connecting rod head, the lower end of the connecting rod (13) is provided with a large connecting rod head, the small connecting rod head is provided with a pin hole, a pin penetrates through the pin hole in the connecting lug and the pin hole in the small connecting rod head to enable the connecting rod (13) to be rotatably connected with the ejector rod (11), and the large connecting rod head of the connecting rod (13) is rotatably connected with the.
4. The internal combustion engine piston gallery oscillating flow simulator of claim 3, wherein: the variable crank link mechanism (14) further comprises vibration balancing devices (22) at the left end and the right end, the left end of the vibration balancing device (22) at the left end is connected with the crank length adjusting device (2), the right end of the vibration balancing device (22) at the right end is connected with the left end of the left crank (25), the left end of the vibration balancing device (22) at the right end is connected with the right end of the right crank (23), and the right end of the vibration balancing device (22) at the right end is connected with the right main journal (21).
5. The internal combustion engine piston gallery oscillating flow simulator of claim 1, wherein: the oil supply device comprises an oil storage tank (3), a high-pressure oil pump (4), an oil pump motor (5), a pressure accumulator (6) and an oil nozzle (7), wherein the high-pressure oil pump (4) is respectively connected with the oil storage tank (3), the oil pump motor (5) and the pressure accumulator (6), the pressure accumulator (6) is connected with the oil nozzle (7), and the oil nozzle (7) is adjusted through an oil nozzle position adjusting device to be aligned with an oil inlet of an oil duct transparent model (8).
6. The internal combustion engine piston gallery oscillating flow simulator of claim 5, wherein: the oil nozzle position adjusting device comprises three regulators which are connected together and have the same structure, namely a Z axial regulator (41), an X axial regulator (42) and a Y axial regulator (43), wherein each regulator comprises a guide rail and a sleeve, the guide rail is sleeved in the sleeve, threaded holes are formed in the corresponding positions of the guide rail sleeve and the sleeve, and the Z axial regulator (41), the X axial regulator (42) and the Y axial regulator (43) are connected together through bolts penetrating through the threaded holes.
7. The internal combustion engine piston gallery oscillating flow simulator of claim 1, wherein: the section of the middle baffle (37) is in a crank shape.
8. The internal combustion engine piston gallery oscillating flow simulator of claim 1, wherein: the upper computer is an industrial personal computer, and the lower computer is a PLC.
9. A method for testing an oscillating flow simulator of a cold oil gallery in a piston of an internal combustion engine according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: manufacturing a simplified connecting rod (13) according to the length of the connecting rod of the researched machine type, and rotationally connecting the connecting rod (13) with a connecting rod journal (24); then, the length of the simulated crank is adjusted to the length of the actual model crank by rotating a hand wheel (16); the connecting rod (13) is rotationally connected with the ejector rod (11); after installation, the variable crank connecting rod mechanism (14) is kept at the bottom dead center position; the ejector rod (11) is connected with the frame (1) in a sliding way through an ejector rod guide mechanism, and the perpendicularity of the ejector rod (11) is ensured by the ejector rod guide mechanism;
step two: according to the structure of the cold oil duct in the researched piston, a transparent oil duct model (8) is manufactured according to the similar theory; drilling holes corresponding to the inlet and outlet positions of an oil channel on the test piece mounting platform (9), fixing the oil channel transparent model (8) on the upper part of the test piece mounting platform (9), and adjusting the position of an oil nozzle (7) to enable the oil nozzle to be over against an oil inlet of the oil channel transparent model (8);
step three: starting an oil pump motor (5), starting an oil nozzle electromagnetic valve after the pressure of a pressure accumulator (6) reaches an experimental value and is constant, injecting high-pressure engine oil into an oil inlet of an oil duct transparent model (8) by an oil nozzle (7), and observing the oil injection condition when the transparent oil cavity model is still at a lower dead point;
step four: the upper computer sends a command, the lower computer controls a servo motor device (15) to start, so that a variable crank connecting rod mechanism (14) stably runs at a certain rotating speed, and a test piece mounting platform (9) and an oil duct transparent model (8) above the test piece mounting platform are driven to reciprocate according to a given rule through a connecting rod (13) and an ejector rod (11);
step five: after 30 seconds, the engine oil in the oil duct transparent model (8) moves in a stable periodic manner, and high-speed photographing equipment (10) is started to photograph and record the oscillation condition of the engine oil in the oil duct transparent model (8);
step six: after 5 minutes, the observation and recording are finished, and the oil injection is stopped and the servo motor device (15) is closed; the upper computer analyzes the collected data to obtain the oscillation distribution condition of the engine oil in the oil duct transparent model (8) and the average engine oil passing rate of the oil duct;
step seven: the oil injection temperature in the oil supply system, the oil injection pressure of the high-pressure oil pump (4) and the rotating speed of the servo motor device (15) are changed through the control and measurement system, and experimental data under different working conditions are obtained through experiments.
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| US11568098B2 (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2023-01-31 | Autodesk, Inc | Designing convective cooling channels |
| CN110274931B (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2024-02-27 | 河北科技大学 | Two-phase flow oscillation experimental device and experimental method |
| CN110579355A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-12-17 | 华中科技大学 | device and method for testing vibration performance of cooling oil in piston of internal combustion engine |
| CN113281050B (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2022-08-02 | 华中科技大学 | Pressure oil supply type piston oscillation cooling visual test device |
| CN114608831B (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2024-03-22 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Be applied to experiment table device of diesel engine piston internal temperature field survey |
| CN117990375B (en) * | 2024-01-19 | 2024-08-16 | 昆明理工大学 | Follow shooting type oscillation flow simulation test device |
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