CN108398321A - The three-dimensional rectangular crack of observation is destroyed and the experimental method and experimental provision of strain field - Google Patents
The three-dimensional rectangular crack of observation is destroyed and the experimental method and experimental provision of strain field Download PDFInfo
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- CN108398321A CN108398321A CN201810077405.3A CN201810077405A CN108398321A CN 108398321 A CN108398321 A CN 108398321A CN 201810077405 A CN201810077405 A CN 201810077405A CN 108398321 A CN108398321 A CN 108398321A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/38—Diluting, dispersing or mixing samples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/44—Sample treatment involving radiation, e.g. heat
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the three-dimensional rectangular crack destruction of observation and the experimental methods and experimental provision of strain field, particle image velocimetry method and compression test are combined by this method this method, the rectangular crack test specimen of three-dimensional built-in is made using artificial injection molding, layering mixes uniform trace particle it is observed that the destruction characteristic in the rectangular crack of three-dimensional built-in and realizing that strain is field visualized under uniaxial compression, the understanding to three-dimensional built-in crack rupture failure is further improved, method is simple and practicable, at low cost.The experimental provision can simulate the reality of practical rock fracture using brittle transparent resin material, can be directed to the rectangular crack test specimen of three-dimensional built-in and measure strain field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mapping, Geotechnical Engineering fields, and in particular to destroys and answers in a kind of rectangular crack of observation three-dimensional
The experimental method and experimental provision of variable field.
Background technology
From the rock rupture mechanism of earthquake source, the destruction of civil engineering core mine engineering, the exploitation of oil gas, nuke rubbish
Storage isolation etc. need not be closely related with the crack propagation rule in rock.Large-sized rock mass construction process or outer carry become
In the case of change, often germinate from initial fissure tip with new crackle, extend even with the perforation of adjacent crack, finally results in
The destruction of entire rock mass.Rock mass strength reduction caused by crack propagation not only influences Rock Slide Stability, can result in many engineerings
Harm and natural calamity.For example, the unstable failure of the Ma Pasai dams of France is since the crack propagation in dam foundation gneiss is made
At；The accidents such as the Wa Yiang Slope Slidings of Italy and China Yangtze River Gorges Fengjie section somewhere landslide all expand with its own crack
It opens up related.When crack propagation problem in study of rocks medium, classical Theory of Fracture Mechanics is that the research of scaling problem is established
Theoretical foundation.Nevertheless, being never well solved for three-dimensional fracture scaling problem.Meanwhile with China
The implementation of various heavy constructions frequently encounters structural damage problem caused by three-dimensional cracks in engineering, therefore, carries out containing three-dimensional pre-
The research of rock mass with cracks structural damage is set, inquires into three-dimensional rock mass cracking destruction mechanism for ensureing that the stability of rock mass engineering project has emphatically
The theory value wanted, carrying out engineering construction and diaster prevention and control for the mankind has important practice significance.
It is well known that compression performance is the most basic mechanical property of material, studied in the mechanical property to material
In the process, it is an essential link to carry out stretching experiment to material.The destruction of crack rock, it is less to show as entirety
, comprehensively destroy simultaneously, and often enter the part of strong deformation pattern with slow plateau from homogeneous deformation pattern
Narrow strips are the pattern of leading deformation, and here it is the Progressive failure phenomenons that typically localizes very much in Jointed Rock Masses.For
The destructive process in three-dimensional built-in crack, with regard to its failure mechanism be a damage development, localization progressive process, need to establish it
The effect of visualization of destructive process.
Currently, both at home and abroad in heterogeneous material two-dimentional crack and transparent material in expansion under three-dimensional fracture uniaxial loading
It is more to open up law study, due to crack difficulty of processing is big and observation difficulty etc., three dimensional internal in rock material is split
Gap single shaft, the crack initiation under three axis loading environments, extension and perforation Mechanism Study are also fewer.Recent domestic scholar is more
Using under single (double, three) the axis loading environment of ceramics, organic material (PMMA), mixing material, gypsum and true rock mass research containing single
The crack propagation and coalescence mode of (more) crack (built-in or surface) rock, achieve more achievement.Huang Mingli, Huang Kaizhu
(Huang Mingli, yellow triumphant pearl three-dimensional surface crack interactions extension perforation mechanistic assays study [J] rock mechanics and engineerings
Report, 2007,26 (9):1794-1799.) uniaxial loading experiment, research three are carried out with the preset multiple three-dimensional surface crackles of Mechanical Method
Tie up extension and the perforation mechanism of face crack.The woods roc of Department of Water Conservancy of Tsinghua University, Zhou Yaneng, plum prosperous et al. (Lin Peng, Zhou Ya
Can, plum is prosperous, waits containing the three-dimensional preset single crack defect rock failure mechanism of rock experimental study [J] Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, and 2008,
27(s2):Contain three-dimensional preset list under the conditions of 3882-3887.) carrying out three axis using the electro-hydraulic servo dynamic static tri-axial machine developed
Flawed rock failure test research, and application CT scan technology observes sample damage and failure process, cannot test strain field.
It is accurate to measure, before the visualization of the compression macroscopic failure characteristic and strain field in evaluation three-dimensional built-in crack is current common concern
Along problem, be push the powerful measure of three-dimensional fracture extension development, but existing experimental technique development it is very limited can't be accurate
Really observe three-dimensional fracture failure mode.Therefore, for experimental provision and the side of the three-dimensional rectangular crack destruction of observation and strain field
The research of method is very necessary.
Invention content
In view of the deficienciess of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to：A kind of observation three-dimensional side is provided
Shape crack is destroyed and the experimental method and device of strain field.Particle image velocimetry method and compression test are combined by this method, are adopted
Manually injection molding makes the rectangular crack test specimen of three-dimensional built-in, and layering mixes uniform trace particle it is observed that under uniaxial compression
The destruction characteristic in the rectangular crack of three-dimensional built-in and realization strain are field visualized, further improve broken to the fracture of three-dimensional built-in crack
Bad understanding, method are simple and practicable, at low cost.The experimental provision can simulate practical rock fracture using brittle transparent resin material
Reality, the rectangular crack test specimen of three-dimensional built-in can be directed to and measure strain field.
The present invention solve the technical problem the technical solution adopted is that：
A kind of observation three-dimensional fracture is destroyed and the experimental method of strain field, the step of this method are：
(1) mold and crack are made：Make only suitable for reading unlimited, the rectangular mould that remaining direction is all closed, in mold
Two sides on drill through aperture, from mold it is suitable for reading in be put into crack made of flake aluminum, by thin cotton thread pass through aperture will be pre-
The crack of system is fixed on mould inside, then seals aperture on the outside of mold；
(2) trace particle is mixed：Using unit volume as number, 100 parts of liquid nonsaturated resins are taken with transparent vessel
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (density 1.053g/ml) with 0.5-2 parts prepares mixing liquid, keeps the color shade one of mixing liquid
It causes and bubble-free is assembled；By mixing liquid point, several are added in mold, and every batch of mixing liquid is uniform in the same direction after being added
Multiple trace particles are sprinkled into, multiple trace particles are evenly distributed in mixed liquor；
(3) solidification test specimen carries out uniaxial compression test：The mixing liquid after incorporation trace particle after being placed at room temperature for for 24 hours
Curing molding is three-dimensional built-in crack test specimen, and the test specimen after solidification is removed from the molds；It will before carrying out uniaxial compression test
Test specimen is placed on 6~8h of freezing in household freezer, and cryogenic temperature is not higher than -10 DEG C；The test specimen after freezing is taken out, rock is placed it in
Uniaxial compression load is carried out in stone mechanics machine, obtains load-deformation curve；To explore three-dimensional built-in crack propagation pattern,
15%, 30%, 45%, 60% and 75% pair of the compressive ultimate strength test specimen is respectively adopted and carries out precompressed；
(4) argon ion laser and its control circuit are put respectively in the right side of test specimen and front, the list in step (3)
Piece light light path is squeezed into during the experiment of axis compressive load, the trace particle of incorporation is tracked, tracking result imports record system
It unites, in the case of respectively obtain compressive ultimate strength 15%, 30%, 45%, 60% and 75%, the strain field of both direction, most
The orthogonal strain field result of three-dimensional built-in crack test specimen both sides is obtained eventually；
(5) during the experiment of step (3), the deformation of high speed camera real-time collecting and record three-dimensional built-in crack test specimen
Destructive process.
A kind of experimental provision for observing three-dimensional fracture destruction and strain field, it is characterised in that the device includes argon laser
In device and its control circuit, record system, Rock Mechanics Test machine, high speed camera, data collecting system, trace particle and three-dimensional
Set crack test specimen；Layered arrangement has a trace particle in the test specimen of the three-dimensional built-in crack, the length and width of three-dimensional built-in crack test specimen,
Thickness is 100mm, 100mm, 50mm respectively, and the length and width of built-in crack, thickness are 30mm, 25mm, 8mm respectively；The rock mechanics is real
It tests machine and provides vertical single-axle load for three-dimensional built-in crack test specimen, high speed camera face three-dimensional built-in crack test specimen is taken pictures in real time
Record test specimen damaged deformation situation；Argon ion laser and its control circuit are placed respectively on two quadrature positions of test specimen,
Each argon ion laser and its control circuit all have piece light light path, and two argon ion lasers and its control circuit connect simultaneously
Connect record system, the data collecting system respectively with high speed camera, Rock Mechanics Test mechatronics.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1, tracer grain is added in the test specimen that rectangular crack built in three-dimensional transparent is used in experimental provision of the present invention in test specimen
Son obtains the strain field in both direction by two orthogonally located argon ion lasers and its control circuit.It can realize
The destruction characteristic in the rectangular crack of three-dimensional built-in and the visualization understanding of strain field.
2, experimental method of the present invention is processed using mold, and layering is uniformly sprinkled into multiple trace particles, the party in the same direction
Method in manufacture craft more rapidly, conveniently, and the intuitive Strain field analysis for providing the rectangular crack of three-dimensional built-in.
3, fracture mechanics field is applied to using trace particle survey strain field in the method for the present invention to ask to study crack propagation
Topic is manually carried out making transparent test specimen, addition tracking particle using mold, and combines uniaxial compression, and the increasing with load is obtained
Add, the result of mode of extension and strain field is destroyed in crack.
4, particle image velocimetry method and compression test are combined to simulation brittleness three-dimensional built-in crack by the method for the present invention
Mechanical characteristic is explored, and the reality of practical rock fracture is simulated using brittle transparent resin material, is provided for three
The built-in rectangular crack test specimen of dimension measures the experimental provision of strain field, and obtains the destruction extension in three-dimensional built-in crack by experiment,
Observation obtains the macroscopic failure pattern with regularity, to the deformation in three-dimensional built-in crack of different shapes, intensity and destroys special
Property propose research means and direction.Especially getable macroscopic failure pattern, for understanding brittleness griotte joint fissure
Failure mechanism has certain practical engineering value.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 present invention observes the experimental provision structural schematic diagram of three-dimensional rectangular crack destruction and strain field；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the experimental method of the three-dimensional rectangular crack destruction of present invention observation and strain field；
In figure, 1 argon ion laser and its control circuit, 2 light light paths, 3 record systems, 4 uniaxial loadings, 5 high speed phases
Machine, 6 data collecting systems, 7 trace particles, 8 three-dimensional built-in crack test specimens.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is explained further with reference to embodiment and attached drawing, but not in this, as to the application protection domain
It limits.
The present invention observes that three-dimensional fracture is destroyed and the experimental method of strain field, the step of this method are：
(1) mold and crack are made：Make only suitable for reading unlimited, the rectangular mould that remaining direction is all closed, in mold
Two sides on drill through aperture, from mold it is suitable for reading in be put into crack made of flake aluminum, by thin cotton thread pass through aperture will be pre-
The crack of system is fixed on mould inside, ensures that the angle of fissure-plane and loading direction is 45 ° at this time, then will be small on the outside of mold
Hole seals；
(2) trace particle is mixed：Using unit volume as number, 100 parts of liquid nonsaturated resins are taken with transparent vessel
Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (density 1.053g/ml) with 0.5-2 parts prepares mixing liquid, keeps the color shade one of mixing liquid
It causes and bubble-free is assembled；By mixing liquid point, several are added in mold, and every batch of mixing liquid is uniform in the same direction after being added
Multiple trace particles are sprinkled into, multiple trace particles are evenly distributed in mixed liquor；
(3) solidification test specimen carries out uniaxial compression test：The mixing liquid after incorporation trace particle after being placed at room temperature for for 24 hours
Curing molding is the three-dimensional built-in crack test specimen with some strength, and the test specimen after solidification is removed from the molds；Carrying out list
Test specimen is placed on 6~8h of freezing in household freezer before axis compression test, cryogenic temperature is not higher than -10 DEG C, test specimen can be made to reach more
Good brittleness；The test specimen after freezing is taken out, progress uniaxial compression load in rock mechanics experiment machine is placed it in, is answered
Force-strain curve；For explore three-dimensional built-in crack propagation pattern, be respectively adopted compressive ultimate strength 15%, 30%, 45%,
60% and 75% pair of test specimen carries out precompressed；
(4) argon ion laser and its control circuit are put respectively in the right side of test specimen and front, the list in step (3)
Piece light light path is squeezed into during the experiment of axis compressive load, the trace particle of incorporation is tracked, tracking result imports record system
It unites, in the case of respectively obtain compressive ultimate strength 15%, 30%, 45%, 60% and 75%, the strain field of both direction, most
The orthogonal strain field result of three-dimensional built-in crack test specimen both sides is obtained eventually；
(5) during the experiment of step (3), high speed camera real-time collecting and record test piece deformation destructive process can be right
The understanding that test piece deformation destroys provides intuitive result.
The method of the present invention is further characterized by the length and width of the mold, thick respectively 100mm, 100mm, 50mm.It splits
Gap shape is rectangular, and length and width, thick respectively 30mm, 25mm, 8mm simulate Original Cracks using flake aluminum.Liquid in step (2)
The quantity of nonsaturated resin is 100 parts, and the addition number of trace particle is 200, can guarantee test result have it is high clear
Clear degree.
The present invention observes the experimental provision (abbreviation device, referring to Fig. 1) of three-dimensional fracture destruction and strain field, which includes
Argon ion laser and its control circuit 1, Rock Mechanics Test machine, high speed camera 5, data collecting system 6, are shown record system 3
Track particle 7 and three-dimensional built-in crack test specimen 8；Layered arrangement has trace particle 7, three-dimensional built-in in the test specimen of the three-dimensional built-in crack
The length and width of crack test specimen, thickness are 100mm, 100mm, 50mm respectively, the length and width of built-in crack, thickness be respectively 30mm, 25mm,
8mm；The Rock Mechanics Test machine provides vertical single-axle load 4 for three-dimensional built-in crack test specimen, in 5 face three-dimensional of high speed camera
Crack test specimen is set, photographs to record test specimen damaged deformation situation in real time；Argon ion is placed respectively on two quadrature positions of test specimen
Laser and its control circuit 1, each argon ion laser and its control circuit 1 have piece light light path 2, two argon lasers
Device and its control circuit 1 linkage record system 3 simultaneously, the data collecting system respectively with high speed camera 5, Rock Mechanics Test
Mechatronics.
Mold uses nonsaturated resin for material in the present invention, and the nonsaturated resin material in step (2) is epoxy resin
Material is transparent.In the present invention length and width of built-in crack, thickness be respectively 30mm, 25mm, 8mm be by a large number of experiments repeatedly
The size results of adjustment have dimensional effect if size is too big；If size is small, it is difficult to which crack occur destroys extension
Effect.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment observes the experimental method of three-dimensional fracture destruction and strain field, is as follows：
1, the making in mold and crack：Mold uses nonsaturated resin for material, and die size length and width, thickness are respectively
100、100、50mm.Mold unlimited lower end closed suitable for reading drills through aperture in two sides of mold.It uses primary with flake aluminum simulation
Crackle has studied the extension of parallel three-dimensional fracture group and perforation process under Uniaxial Compression.It is needed flake aluminum according to experiment
The length and width of reduction, it is thick be respectively 30,25,8mm.Wherein the inclination angle (angle with loading direction) of fissure-plane is 45 °.By thin
Cotton thread passes through aperture by inside prefabricated rectangle crack fixing mould, and seals aperture in mold outer layer.
2, the uniform incorporation of trace particle；Using unit volume as number, 100 parts of liquid unsaturation are taken with transparent vessel
Mixed liquor is made in resin and 0.5-2 parts of methyl ethyl ketone peroxides, keeps the color shade of mixed liquor consistent and bubble-free aggregation；It is made
Mixed liquor be added in six batches, in solution surface be uniformly sprinkled into 40 trace particles in the same direction after being added per a batch, altogether plus
Enter 200 trace particles, multiple trace particles are evenly distributed in mixing liquid.
3, the mixing liquid after the trace particle of incorporation, curing molding is with some strength after being placed at room temperature for for 24 hours
Test specimen after solidification is removed from the molds by test specimen.It is placed in household freezer and freezes 7 hours before uniaxial compression experiment, freeze
Temperature is -10 DEG C, then takes out the test specimen after freezing being placed on progress uniaxial compression load in rock mechanics experiment machine, obtain
Load-deformation curve.For explore the rectangular crack propagation pattern of three-dimensional built-in, be respectively adopted compressive ultimate strength 15%, 30%,
45%, 60% and 75% pair of test specimen carries out precompressed.
4, during experiment, high speed camera is also collected and records test piece deformation destructive process.
5, argon ion laser and its control circuit are put respectively in the right side of test specimen and front, squeezed into during experiment
Piece light light path, is tracked the trace particle of incorporation, as a result imports record system, respectively obtains compressive ultimate strength
15%, in the case of 30%, 45%, 60% and 75%, the strain field of both direction finally obtains the rectangular crack test specimen of three-dimensional built-in
The orthogonal strain fields of both sides as a result,
6, the understanding that the above process destroys test piece deformation provides intuitive as a result, finally obtaining the rectangular crack of three-dimensional built-in
Destruction mode of extension and strain it is field visualized.
The present invention does not address place and is suitable for the prior art, and involved component can be commercially available.
Claims (4)
1. the step of a kind of observation three-dimensional fracture is destroyed and the experimental method of strain field, this method is：
（1）Make mold and crack：Make only suitable for reading unlimited, the rectangular mould that remaining direction is all closed, the two of mold
Drill through aperture on a side, from mold it is suitable for reading in be put into crack made of flake aluminum, by thin cotton thread pass through aperture will be prefabricated
Crack is fixed on mould inside, then seals aperture on the outside of mold；
（2）Mix trace particle：Using unit volume as number, with transparent vessel take 100 parts of liquid nonsaturated resins and
0.5-2 parts of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide prepares mixing liquid, keeps the color shade of mixing liquid consistent and bubble-free aggregation；It will mix
It closes liquid point several to be added in mold, every batch of mixing liquid is uniformly sprinkled into multiple trace particles in the same direction after being added, more
A trace particle is evenly distributed in mixed liquor；
（3）Cure test specimen and carries out uniaxial compression test：Mixing liquid after incorporation trace particle is cured afterwards for 24 hours being placed at room temperature for
It is shaped to three-dimensional built-in crack test specimen, the test specimen after solidification is removed from the molds；By test specimen before carrying out uniaxial compression test
It is placed on 6 ~ 8h of freezing in household freezer, cryogenic temperature is not higher than -10 DEG C；The test specimen after freezing is taken out, rock power is placed it in
It learns and carries out uniaxial compression load in testing machine, obtain load-deformation curve；To explore three-dimensional built-in crack propagation pattern, respectively
Precompressed is carried out using the 15% of compressive ultimate strength, 30%, 45%, 60% and 75% pair of test specimen；
（4）Argon ion laser and its control circuit are put respectively in the right side of test specimen and front, in step（3）Uniaxial pressure
Piece light light path to be squeezed into during contracting load test, the trace particle of incorporation is tracked, tracking result imports record system, point
In the case of do not obtain compressive ultimate strength 15%, 30%, 45%, 60% and 75%, the strain field of both direction finally obtains three-dimensional
The orthogonal strain field result of built-in crack test specimen both sides；
（5）In step（3）Experiment during, high speed camera real-time collecting and record test piece deformation destructive process.
2. experimental method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the length and width of the mold, it is thick be respectively 100mm,
100mm、50mm；Crack shape is rectangular, and length and width, thick respectively 30mm, 25mm, 8mm are made of flake aluminum；Step（2）
The quantity of middle liquid nonsaturated resin is 100 parts, and the addition number of trace particle is 200.
3. experimental method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step（2）In nonsaturated resin material be asphalt mixtures modified by epoxy resin
Fat material, is transparent.
4. a kind of observation three-dimensional fracture is destroyed and the experimental provision of strain field, it is characterised in that the device includes argon ion laser
And its control circuit, record system, Rock Mechanics Test machine, high speed camera, data collecting system, trace particle and three-dimensional built-in
Crack test specimen；Layered arrangement has trace particle, the length and width of three-dimensional built-in crack test specimen, thickness in the test specimen of the three-dimensional built-in crack
It is 100mm, 100mm, 50mm respectively, the length and width of built-in crack, thickness are 30mm, 25mm, 8mm respectively；The Rock Mechanics Test
Machine provides vertical single-axle load, high speed camera face three-dimensional built-in crack test specimen, note of taking pictures in real time for three-dimensional built-in crack test specimen
Record test specimen damaged deformation situation；Argon ion laser and its control circuit are placed respectively on two quadrature positions of test specimen, often
A argon ion laser and its control circuit all have piece light light path, and two argon ion lasers and its control circuit connect simultaneously
Record system, the data collecting system are connect with high speed camera, Rock Mechanics Test machine respectively.
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