CN1097069A - 数字微反射器印刷机的方法和构造 - Google Patents
数字微反射器印刷机的方法和构造 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种用二进制空间光调制器实现高分辨率、高速
灰度印刷的技术。一个空间光调制器阵列被划分为
若干子阵列,并以各个等级(510,512,514,516)的调
制光源照亮该子阵列。此外,每个像素(520)可以划
分为四个相位,并按成对的相位印刷。
Description
本发明涉及印刷机,尤其涉及采用空间光调制器(SLM)的印刷机。
一个分立元件陈列典型地由空间光调制器组成。这些陈列例如有液晶显示器(LCD)和数字微反射器件(DMD)。有些SLM是二进制器件,即其各个单元或者为“导通”或者为“截止”,而另有一些则可以有若干电平。在产生灰色标度的印刷系统中,这将产生某些问题。
静电印刷系统典型地采用以下方法。印刷机接收来自原始图像,诸如计算机终端或已扫描了用以再现图像的扫描单元的数据。印刷系统将该数据转换为光信号,并将正确图案的光照射到光敏磁鼓上,在磁鼓上形成潜在的电荷图案。然后,磁鼓旋转通过调色剂分配器,并将调色剂粉粒吸引到磁鼓表面上的潜像上。磁鼓带着这些调色剂粉粒一起施转,并将它们转移到感光层典型地为一页纸上。然后,一般通过热将调色剂熔化在纸上,纸随后退出印刷机。
通常,大多数此类系统都采用激光扫描曝光系统以实现优质印刷。由于空间光调制器可能提供较多的印刷功能,故使用为最佳。激光扫描系统通过沿着光栅行扫描激光束印刷一个接一个的像素。例如,如果用户想要按每分钟40页的速度,用600点/英寸(dpi)的密度印刷8.5″×11″的纸张,那么每页将要求打印11″×600dpi即6600行。每分钟40页即相当于每秒4400行,其中每行有8.5×600即5100个像素。这样就要求每秒有22.44×106的像素,每个像素用时44.6毫微秒。但激光不可能在短短的像素时间内快速地以模拟形式调制提供灰度曝光。由于SLM具有能同时工作的大量光调制元件,故它们可以组态来一次印刷整行印刷信息。每秒钟印刷的像素量维持相同,但SLM方法提供了长达5100倍(5100×44.6毫微秒=227.5微秒)的时间用灰度调制印刷单一像素。
然而,SLM有其自身的问题,由于其导通/截止或若干电平工作方式的性质,产生灰度即在全导通(黑)与截止(无调色剂)图像之间产生灰度梯度变得相当困难。每个元件都具有一致的光点直径、形状和位置等优点,相对清晰的图像质量较高。然而,由于固定的曝光电平和像素位置限制,SLM陈列的分辨率可容易地做到例如300dpi,也难以再现曲线图形和细微的文本特征。
因此,解决上述问题提供了一个机会使印刷系统具有更好的质量,更低的价格以及更易于维修等性能。
本发明所揭示的印刷系统,结合了行积分、脉幅调制、脉宽调制和脉位调制,以实现更优质的印刷。该系统采用可调制光源,空间光调制器以及光敏介质,后者典型的可用有机光感受器,但是,同样的方法也适用于薄膜介质。
为了更完整地理解本发明及其进一步的优点,以下将结合附图和详细的说明书对本发明作进一步的描述。
图1表示行积分印刷图;
图2a-2f表示描绘几例脉幅调制的图;
图3a-3c描绘脉宽调制;
图4表示脉位调制示意图;
图5表示一例脉位调制与脉幅调制的组合。
空间光调制器典型地包括一个单元陈列,每个单元都有其自己的寻址手段。某种调制器,诸如数字微反射器件(DMD)内含存储单元,它能够接收和存储下一帧数据,同时显示当前数据。这就允许用于任何像素的数据在不同的单元之间,甚至在不同的列和行单元之间“移动”。数据实际上不“移动”,但在下一帧数据中置于与现行显示位置不同的位置。这一特征允许在诸如灰度印刷应用中利用许多不同的技术。
图1表示行积分印刷的一个方块图,用现行的一种技术来延长任何一批数据的曝光时间。在t1,表示用于空间光调制器(SLM)陈列中列114的第一单元的数据位于单元110。该数据用A表示。箭头112表示印刷介质,诸如光敏磁鼓相对此列单元114的运动。数据A用一个曝光周期转移到介质上。该单个曝光周期以显示图像118表示。
在t2,或者通过器件内部的直接转移,或者通过将移动到新位置的数据A重新输入调制器,使数据A沿着列陈到达单元116,一个标为B的新数据输入单元110。运动箭头112上的条形图有了改变。B的所示图像120作了一次曝光,而A的所示图像118已作了二次曝光。此过程在t3重复进行,其中A的图像118已作了三次曝光,B的图像120已作了二次曝光,单元110中标为C的新数据具有一次曝光图像122。当然,该过程可重复进行多次,由设计师决定为取得合适的曝光所需要的曝光次数。
在本发明的一个实施例中,将行积分与容积照度调制相结合,以形成灰度图像。现有技术的行积分方法,允许通过改变用以暴露给定像素的整个积分步骤的次数来形成灰度图像(即可用16个积分行实现16个灰度)。本发明结合行积分与容积照度调制,允许用极少的行(4位2进制加权的曝光量提供16个灰度)或更高的精度(16个行具有15个全曝光量,和1个半曝光量提供32个灰度)。
图2a-2f表示一个实例。此例中,该实施例假定采用诸如数字微反射器件(DMD)一类的反射式空间光调制器,当然,具有快速响应时间的任何二进制空间光调制器都可使用。DMD可以有多种不同的规格,此例假定一个DMD具有4行,图中仅示出一个4反射器列,作为一个时间过程。图2a表示在t1产生灰度等级的4反射器列,其中只有第一个图像单元接受其数据。在该时帧内,光源是全部照亮的。印刷列中框M1中的数字1表示印刷图像的第一个图像单元即像素的数据。
图2b表示,在t2,诸如发光二极管(LED)一类的光源,以其全部照度的二分之一照亮该列。位1的纸上图像已移动位于有反射器M2的行中,很像以上所述的行积分。然而,在该点上,像素1已接受了1个全照度脉冲和一个1/2照度脉冲。相对于印刷图像,用条形206表示其全部累积的照度脉冲。在该印刷图像中,像素2直接位于像素1之下,它已经接受了1/2照度脉冲,用条形208表示。
像素1在纸上图像上的实际全部照度可以是或不是1和1/2照度脉冲。在t1,反射器1可以已开通,允许1个照度脉冲,在t2,反射器2可以已关闭,以1个照度脉冲在纸上留下实际照度。总累积照度脉冲这一词仅仅意味着像素有可能接受该照度。通过四行反射器,总照度可能为最大照度的1.875倍。即1为全照度脉冲,0.5为第二照度脉冲,0.25为第三照度脉冲,0.125为第四照度脉冲,累加为1.875。
现在参见图2c,将光源调制到其满功率的1/4。此时,位于反射器M3的像素1具有1.875的总照度脉冲206。同样,在图2d中,像素1已经过了其全部可能的光源照度,如条形206所示,它具有1.875倍满功率照度的全部可能照度。注意,如条形208所示,像素2已经接受了总的可能照度脉冲的1/2+1/4+1/8即0.875。在图2e中,当像素2在t5接受全照度脉冲时,即完成其可能的组合。也请注意,在所示的4个像素之后,该列中的下一个像素一第5个像素开始移动通过灰度等级。
适合该方案的数据格式最好不在陈列中,该数据被送到已格式化的存储器单元,对脉幅调制起作用。它显示于图2f中。该数据如图示那样格式化。在时间t1,诸如位0以上三个单元的数据未图示(数据位的数字用下标表示,其中,0=用于全照度的数据位,等等),对于像素1(像素数字用上标表示)用0填充。曝光量沿底部横轴表示,例如EF表示全曝光量。
上例提供16个可能的灰度。每个像素可以有选择地接受或不接受4种不同的照明强度,16(24)种可能的组合。为了将灰度等级数增加到32,只需增加一个附加的照度等级,即全照度的1/16,并将像素行组合为5。可以组合任何行数,它仅取决于系统的限定。此外,组合为4的子集合可以重复,提供两倍的原始分辨率,即32个等级,如下所示。
上表说明,分辨率取决于该方法能达到多少步。通过将图2a-2f所讨论的型式重复一遍,可以提高功率和分辨率。根据系统所需的功率和寻址电路的复杂性,该电路必须能合适地对数据加以格式化,才能实现多种不同的组合。有时需要对数据进行更高程度的格式化,中到大的功率和高分辨率。此外,可以通过消除曝光等级中的一个等级达到中等的分辨率,同时获得大功率。下一张表说明了这一问题。注意,词“等级”指的是照度等级,而不是灰度等级。
至此,该技术已经假定在经过方向上一种均匀的像素宽度。当可以形成不同宽度的像素单元时,在二进制空间光调制印刷中就可以实现更多的灵活性。这可以用两种方法实现,尽管正方形像素已足够了,这两种方法都将受益于矩形像素的使用。这些技术称为脉宽调制。
图3a表示第一种方法。在该例中,我们对矩形像素采用了高宽比,如4∶1。此外,矩形像素间隔3个反射部分,如框301所示,它表示一个反射器列的4个反射器段。在此例中,列段301中只有开口的反射器被使用。通过点亮光源一段不同的时期,可以在该经过方向上形成不同宽度的像素单元。
图像304表示一个像素在一张纸上的长度306,而对应于该图像的陈列单元被照亮整个一行时间的25%。当然,这是假定该图像要显示的数据为1。如果数据为0,将无图像。图像308表示一个单元照亮50%时间时,该像素图像的长度310。同样,图像312和316表示75%照亮时间和100%照亮时间的相应长度。
根据实际的4∶1高宽比,有源反射器应与其它反射器间隔3行,以在光敏介质上形成全部4个脉宽。这将采用类似于图2f中所示的一个图,但现在下标应称为脉宽,而不是脉幅。下标0为25%宽度,下标1为50%宽度,等等。
注意,通过仅利用一行反射器,并转换反射器上的数据而不是转换光源,可以取得同样的效果。然而,这需要在一行的时间内4次将数据装入行中,而原先的方案每一行时间只需要一次。这两个实施例分别包含了激活和非激活单元的概念,或者通过下述方法中的物理方法,或者如上述方法中的那样,用光激活它们。
图3b表示用具有相同长度的照度脉冲达到与脉宽调制具有相同效果的第二种方法。在该方法中,多个邻接的反射器用以形成具有不同宽度的印刷位置。在4∶宽高比的例子中,它用了4行,但不跳过任何反射器。通过接通单元301a,印刷位置将具有与25%脉宽调制位置相同的宽度。接通301a和301b,宽度等于50%脉宽,接通301a-301c等于75%脉宽,接通301a-301d,则等于100%脉宽。为了使其具有精确的1∶2∶3∶4的比例且基本上不模糊,光必须有接近0%占空度,如图3b所示。由于光敏面的移动,较高的占空度将产生模糊并影响到所产生的脉宽比。
两种用于脉宽调制的方法均得益于矩形像素的使用。矩形像素或者取自于具有同构光学的空间光调制器陈列上的矩形单元,或者取自于具有合成光学的方形像素。合成光学压缩了方形像素的垂直分量,诸如DMD,并在水平分量上随其自然。这样就形成了很像脉宽调制中所述的一种矩形像素。然而,为了实现此举,应当制造一种特殊的阵列,其反射器行的间隔宽度等于像素尺寸乘以合成压缩比(例如,对于4∶1宽高比,行距应为4个像素的宽度)。这将允许脉宽印刷,而不会重叠印刷像素。注意,对于图3a所示的实际脉宽调制而言,这种特殊陈列将是唯一必需的。图3b采用邻接的反射器,因此不需要这种特殊的陈列。
脉宽调制可以改换以实现脉位调制,其中,宽度恒定,但光源开通时间延迟。图3C表示了此中一例。起始时间被延迟,并由4种不同的时间表示,允许脉冲加在介质的不同位置中。每次曝光320a-320d均被称为一个相位。
图4表示一种相位方法,它允许将一个像素图像分为几个相位,并一起印刷非重叠的相位。此例用了4个相位,但其它数量的相位,例如6个相位也能采用。其中,第一、第三和第五相位一起印刷,第二、第四和第六相位一起印刷。换句话说,在用于3次曝光的时间里,像素可以印刷两个相位。宏观像素P有4个相位φ1至φ4。在t1,由于它们相互偏离,相位φ1和φ3一起以矩形形式印刷。在t2,相位φ2和φ4一起印刷。该过程允许以两个步骤而不是四个步骤印刷宏观像素P的4个相位,在t3形成图像。根据调色剂的浓度,较宽或较窄的像素可以表现为灰度级。多种浓度调色剂的组合,与在一个宏观像素内选择相位的能力相结合在形成灰度级时提供更高的灵活性。
采用二进制空间光调制器,上述技术可以组合产生高分辨率(600dpi)的灰度级。图5表示脉幅调制与脉位调制的结合。每组括号510、512、514、516和518分别表示四个曝光级的一个。为便于讨论,将横穿介质追踪像素1(520)。注意,垂直方向上的运动为介质的经过方向,沿着水平方向的运动为时间。围绕像素对的虚线框表示当印刷时,相位是如何重叠的。
像素1(520)在括号510的左列中,是以全部功率当相位1和3时曝光的。四分之三的行时间(在时间轴530上用时间间隔t1表示)之后,相位2和4以全部功率曝光。该时间延迟必须补偿行时间的1/4,以允许两个相位对之间的1/4像素调整,导致t1等于3/4行时间,如图4中所示。上述讨论中,相位可以开通或关闭,曝光仅仅表示光已经转移到磁鼓上的可能。
宏观像素现已在所有四个相位,或两个相位对中按全照度曝光。括号512表示以1/2全照度曝光。括号510与512之间的时延在时间轴上用时间间隔t2表示,它为5/4的行时间。现在,像素转移到下一个单元或组成宏观像素的下一组单元,如图2中所述。同样需要附加的1/4行时间来完成相位对之间的调整。该过程沿着用于该特定的宏观像素的线524重复进行,直至在括号518中,它接收相位对用第1/8的照度级。对此,就该组行而言,完成了特定的宏观像素。参照上表所述,像素可以重复接收那组行。
注意,在括号510的右列,像素2的相位2被曝光。接着,与像素1(520)的过程相同,除了相位4的右列,位置526才接受全部功率的曝光。在一列中,该周期发生在每个像素之间。本技术不限于4个像素。如前所述,它可以根据设计师的需要采用许多像素,并仅仅局限于陈列和电子学的性能。
尽管以上描述了用二进制空间光调制器进行灰度印刷的实施例,但它们并非用来限制本发明的范围,除了所附权利要求书所表示的范围以外。
Claims (10)
1、一种脉幅调制方法,包括:
a)提供具有子阵列的空间光调制器阵列,它包括预定的行数;
b)将对应于一个像素的光源的曝光量的数据加到用以访问所述阵列一个单元的寻址电路;
c)根据所述的曝光量露出所述的单元,有选择地将所述数据成像或不成像在光敏介质上;
d)加入对应于所述光源下一个曝光量的数据,其特征在于,所述数据可以加到用于不同单元的电路中,以协调所述子阵列中所述数据的运动与所述介质的运动;
e)根据所述的下一个曝光量露出所述单元,有选择地将所述数据成像或不成像在所述光敏介质上,以及
f)重复加入数据和露出单元的步骤,直至根据每个预定曝光量的数字已经露出所述的单元为止。
2、如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述空间光调制器包括数字微反射器件。
3、如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述预定行数等于四。
4、一种脉宽调制方法,包括:
a)激发一个空间光调制器阵列中的一个单元,产生成像于一移动介质上的像素图;以及
b)在所述激发步骤后的一个预定的时间间隔里,不激发所述的单元,其特征在于,所述预定的时间间隔确定了像素在所述运动介质的运动方向上的尺寸。
5、如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述激发和不激发步骤分别通过开通和关闭光源完成。
6、如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述激发和不激发步骤分别通过开通和关闭所述单元完成。
7、一种脉宽调制方法,包括:
a)确定一个宏观像素,它包括一个空间光调制器阵列中的预定数量的单元;
b)选择所述预定数量的单元中一组邻接的子单元,其特征在于,其脉宽与所述预定数量一组子单元的尺寸成正比。
8、如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述空间光调制器包括数字微反射器件。
9、如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,通过固定所述脉冲的宽度并延迟所述脉冲开通的时间而设定所述脉冲。
10、一种脉位调制方法,包括:
a)沿经过方向将一个像素划分为若干相位,其特征在于,每个相位偏离邻近相位一个长度,该长度实际上等于该像素内所述若干相位的倒数;
b)露出所述相位中的一子组,其特征在于,所述一子组包括相互由至少一个相位隔开的相位;以及
c)露出前面未曾露出的相位,按为所述像素给定的照度完成曝光。
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1993
- 1993-03-29 US US08/038,398 patent/US5461411A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-03-10 CA CA002118728A patent/CA2118728A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-03-25 EP EP94200786A patent/EP0620676B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-03-25 DE DE69424714T patent/DE69424714T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-03-28 JP JP5765894A patent/JPH07125317A/ja active Pending
- 1994-03-28 KR KR1019940006204A patent/KR100296067B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-03-29 CN CN94103181A patent/CN1055588C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-10-18 TW TW083109630A patent/TW243518B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103309198A (zh) * | 2012-03-16 | 2013-09-18 | 兄弟工业株式会社 | 用于控制打印处理的控制设备 |
CN103309198B (zh) * | 2012-03-16 | 2016-08-31 | 兄弟工业株式会社 | 用于控制打印处理的控制设备 |
CN106545568A (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-03-29 | 马鞍山支点传孚智能摩擦工业研究院有限公司 | 一种滚动推力球轴承 |
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DE69424714T2 (de) | 2001-02-01 |
EP0620676B1 (en) | 2000-05-31 |
US5461411A (en) | 1995-10-24 |
KR940021264A (ko) | 1994-10-17 |
EP0620676A1 (en) | 1994-10-19 |
CN1055588C (zh) | 2000-08-16 |
KR100296067B1 (ko) | 2002-03-21 |
JPH07125317A (ja) | 1995-05-16 |
CA2118728A1 (en) | 1994-09-30 |
DE69424714D1 (de) | 2000-07-06 |
TW243518B (zh) | 1995-03-21 |
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