CN109699650B - Composition for efficiently inducing litchi to generate disease resistance - Google Patents
Composition for efficiently inducing litchi to generate disease resistance Download PDFInfo
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- CN109699650B CN109699650B CN201910083485.8A CN201910083485A CN109699650B CN 109699650 B CN109699650 B CN 109699650B CN 201910083485 A CN201910083485 A CN 201910083485A CN 109699650 B CN109699650 B CN 109699650B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composition for efficiently inducing litchi to generate disease resistance, and mainly relates to the field of pesticides. Comprises an active component A and an active component B; the active component A is a hypersensitive protein; the active component B comprises any one of salicylic acid, compound potassium nitrophenolate and compound sodium nitrophenolate. The invention has the beneficial effects that: has obvious induced resistance synergy; has the functions of improving disease resistance, increasing production and income.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of pesticides, and particularly relates to a composition for efficiently inducing litchi chinensis to generate disease resistance.
Background
The mature period of the litchi fruits in China is in a high-temperature season, due to the fact that physiological metabolism is vigorous after picking, peels are browned and easily lose water, and diseases are serious after picking, fresh fruits are prone to browning and deterioration and not resistant to storage and transportation, and the fresh fruits are completely browned and rotten in 3-4 days at the room temperature of 28 ℃. Because the research on the cold-chain fresh-keeping storage and transportation technology of litchi in China is lagged, the sale of fresh fruits is limited, and the litchi chinensis can not be sold in a large scale in the northern market. Therefore, the preservation of the picked litchis is a problem to be solved urgently in production. The method is necessary to reduce the occurrence of the diseases of the picked litchis.
At present, a great deal of work is done by many scholars at home and abroad on the mechanism of litchi peel preservation, and the litchi peel can be effectively prevented from browning and kept red by using the sulfuration and pickling treatment. The technology is used in markets of litchi exported in south Africa, Israel and the like to Europe, and China also uses the technology to treat litchi exports in recent years. With SO2After fumigation, the litchi peel can be restored to red by acid treatment for 30 s. The sulfur treatment can inhibit the activity of polyphenol oxidase in litchi peel and also inhibit the respiration intensity of fruits, but improve the fruit cracking rate and the water loss rate in the storage process. But the current sulfur-fumigating and pickling treatment often causes SO2And the residue seriously limits the popularization and the application of the technology. Meanwhile, the method can be used for browning and protecting litchiThe study on freshness technology, domestic scholars also commonly include VC soaking, prochloraz chemical preservative and freshness preservation and other technologies related to litchi postharvest freshness preservation.
In the prior art, the postharvest disease control of litchi, whether by fumigation or by prochloraz soaking, has the possibility of pesticide residue exceeding standard, and influences the food safety. The plant inducer can enhance the self-resistance of plants, reduce the occurrence of diseases, reduce the using amount of pesticides, has little harm to people and livestock and does not pollute the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composition for efficiently inducing litchi chinensis to generate disease resistance.
Comprises an active component A and an active component B;
the active component A is a hypersensitive protein;
the active component B comprises any one of salicylic acid, compound potassium nitrophenolate and compound sodium nitrophenolate.
The weight ratio of the active component A to the active component B is 250: 1-1: 250.
Further, if the active component B is salicylic acid, the weight ratio of the active component A to the active component B is 200: 1-1: 15.
Further, if the active component B is compound potassium nitrophenolate, the weight ratio of the active component A to the active component B is 250: 1-1: 100.
Further, if the active component B is compound sodium nitrophenolate, the weight ratio of the active component A to the active component B is 250: 1-1: 100.
The content of the active component A and the active component B accounts for 0.1 to 95 percent of the total weight.
The content of the active component A and the active component B accounts for 1 to 95 percent of the total weight.
In specific application, the active component A and the active component B are used as active ingredients and prepared into solution for use.
In specific application, the active component A and the active component B are dissolved by using solvents respectively, and the prepared solutions are mixed for use.
When preparing the solution of the active component A and the solution of the active component B respectively, the used solvent is water or ethanol, and an emulsifier is added during the preparation.
Crops which can be applied comprise fruits and vegetables, grains, beans, sugar, oil, flowers and pasture crops.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) after the hypersensitive protein is compounded with salicylic acid, compound potassium nitrophenolate and compound sodium nitrophenolate, the resistance-inducing synergistic effect is obvious;
2) has the functions of improving disease resistance, increasing production and income.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the litchi storage conditions of the control group in example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the litchi storage conditions in the hypersensitive proteome of example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows the litchi storage conditions of the salicylic acid group in example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows the litchi storage conditions of the potassium nitrophenolate complex of example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows the litchi storage conditions of the compound sodium nitrophenolate group in example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 shows the litchi storage conditions of the hypersensitive protein + salicylic acid in example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 7 shows the litchi storage conditions in the hypersensitive protein + potassium nitrophenolate group of example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 8 shows the litchi storage conditions in the hypersensitivity protein + sodium nitrophenolate group of example 4 of the present invention.
Remarking: the black-and-white picture cannot see whether the dark part is a red part or a black part, so the description is as follows: the black spots were evident in the control group, whereas the black spots were less visible in FIGS. 6, 7, and 8.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and these equivalents also fall within the scope of the present application.
The instruments, reagents, materials and the like used in the following examples are conventional instruments, reagents, materials and the like in the prior art and are commercially available in a normal manner unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods, detection methods, and the like described in the following examples are conventional experimental methods, detection methods, and the like in the prior art.
Example 1: the present example provides a composition for efficiently inducing litchi chinensis to generate disease resistance
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
preparing a hypersensitive protein mother solution: weighing 1g of the hypersensitive protein, adding water for dissolving, adding 1601 emulsifier 3ml of water for constant volume to 1000 ml; obtaining 1000mg/L solution, and diluting with water to the concentration required by the test according to the requirement;
preparing a salicylic acid mother solution: weighing 1g of salicylic acid, adding 95% ethanol for complete dissolution, adding 1601 emulsifier 3ml, and metering to 1000ml with 95% ethanol; obtaining 1000mg/L solution, and diluting with water to the concentration required by the test according to the requirement;
preparing a compound potassium nitrophenolate (compound sodium nitrophenolate) mother solution: weighing 1g of compound potassium nitrophenolate (compound sodium nitrophenolate) and adding water for dissolving, adding 1601 emulsifier 3ml of water for constant volume to 1000ml, obtaining 1000mg/L solution, and diluting with water to the concentration required by the test according to the requirement;
mixing the two mother solutions.
When the plant pesticide is applied specifically, the pesticide is directly sprayed on the surfaces of target plants and crops by using a mist sprayer, and the front and the back of the plant pesticide are uniformly wetted.
Example 2: trial experiments using the composition formulated in example 1
The mist sprayer is directly sprayed on the surfaces of target plants and crops to enable the surfaces to be wetted uniformly.
And (3) observing disease prevention effect: the harvested fruits are stored at the temperature of 25 +/-1 ℃ and the relative humidity RH of 80-95% in every basket of 20 jin and every 6 baskets of processed fruits. Disease statistics: the incidence rate is multiplied by 100 percent by the number of fruits and vegetables with diseases/the total number of fruits; incidence index: the grading standard is that the disease level is 0 grade and no disease spot is generated according to the proportion of the disease spot area to the fruit surface; grade 1, the lesion area is less than 1/4; grade 2, the area of the scab is not less than 1/4 and is less than 1/2; grade 3, wherein the area of the scab is not less than 1/2 and is less than 3/4; grade 4, the lesion area is not less than 3/4, and the disease index ∑ (number of fruits at each grade × disease grade)/(total number of fruits × maximum disease grade) × 100.
TABLE 1 the Compounds used alone induce litchi disease resistance
And (3) knotting: as can be seen from Table 1, the treatments with different concentrations of the hypersensitive protein can achieve higher disease resistance of the fruits, wherein the treatment effect of the hypersensitive protein (200mg/L) is the best. The salicylic acid, the compound phenol potassium and the compound phenol sodium have the function of inducing the litchi fruits to resist diseases, but the effect is lower than that of the hypersensitive protein. When used alone, the optimal concentration is 50mg/L of salicylic acid, 500mg/L of compound phenol potassium and 500mg/L of compound phenol sodium.
Example 3: this example provides the effect of compounding compounds that efficiently induce plants to develop disease resistance
Specific formulation and methods of use reference example 1.
TABLE 2 Effect of different induced resistance compounds
And (3) knotting: as can be seen from Table 2, the effect of the combination of the hypersensitive protein, salicylic acid and potassium nitrophenolate (sodium nitrophenolate) is significantly higher than that of the combination of the hypersensitive protein and salicylic acid and potassium nitrophenolate (sodium nitrophenolate). The effect of compounding salicylic acid and compound potassium nitrophenolate (compound sodium nitrophenolate) is not obviously increased.
For the two examples, the action mechanism and the effect of each component are explained as follows:
the hypersensitive protein (harpinprotein) belongs to natural protein and has the effect of inducing and enhancing disease resistance of various plants. Salicylic acid, compound potassium nitrophenolate and compound sodium nitrophenolate belong to plant resistance inducer, and are applied to induce plants to generate disease resistance. The plant induced disease resistance refers to the resistance phenomenon to harmful pathogenic bacteria generated in plants after being induced by external factors, so that the use amount of the bactericide and the insecticide is reduced, and agricultural products are safer. Each plant resistance inducer has specific application, and the application technical requirements are quite strict, so that specific disease resistance effect can be generated on target plants only under specific application conditions (including external factors). Often, varying concentrations will produce opposite results, e.g., promoting at low concentrations and inhibiting at high concentrations. The single plant resistance inducer has relatively single disease resistance to induced plants of crops, and the compounding of the plant resistance inducers with different action mechanisms can effectively solve the problem.
The active component A and the active component B of the invention have different action mechanisms, have good synergistic effect in a certain range after being compounded with each other, and the compounding of the hypersensitive protein, the salicylic acid, the compound potassium nitrophenolate and the compound sodium nitrophenolate is not reported at home and abroad at present.
Example 4: preparation of different compositions for efficiently inducing plants to generate disease resistance and application of compositions to litchi fruit test
Test site: litchi garden
Variety: feizixiao (steamed bread with high-quality steamed bread)
Preparing a medicament:
preparing a hypersensitive protein mother solution: weighing 4g of the hypersensitive protein, adding water for dissolving, adding 1601 emulsifier 3ml of water for constant volume to 100 ml;
preparing a salicylic acid mother solution: weighing 1g of salicylic acid, adding 95% ethanol for dissolving, adding 1601 emulsifier 3ml, and metering to 100ml with 95% ethanol;
preparing a compound potassium nitrophenolate mother solution: weighing 10g of compound potassium nitrophenolate, adding water for dissolving, adding 1601 emulsifier 3ml of water for constant volume to 100 ml;
preparing a compound sodium nitrophenolate mother solution: weighing 10g of compound potassium nitrophenolate, adding water for dissolving, adding 1601 emulsifier 3ml of water for constant volume to 100 ml;
TABLE 3 Table for preparing different combinations of resistance inducers
The using method comprises the following steps: 3 days before harvesting, spraying litchi fruits on the litchi trees by using a mist sprayer (the combination concentration of the resistance inducing agents is shown in a table 3), and wetting the fruits on the front side and the back side uniformly.
And (3) observing disease prevention effect: the harvested fruits are stored at the temperature of 25 +/-1 ℃ and the relative humidity RH of 80-95% in every basket of 20 jin and every 6 baskets of processed fruits. Disease statistics: the incidence rate is multiplied by 100 percent by the number of fruits and vegetables with diseases/the total number of fruits; incidence index: the grading standard is that the disease level is 0 grade and no disease spot is generated according to the proportion of the disease spot area to the fruit surface; grade 1, the lesion area is less than 1/4; grade 2, the area of the scab is not less than 1/4 and is less than 1/2; grade 3, wherein the area of the scab is not less than 1/2 and is less than 3/4; grade 4, the lesion area is not less than 3/4, and the disease index ∑ (number of fruits at each grade × disease grade)/(total number of fruits × maximum disease grade) × 100.
Results and analysis:
TABLE 4 Effect of different resistance-inducing agent treatments on the postharvest morbidity of litchi
From the results in table 4 and fig. 1, it can be seen that the disease resistance of Feizixiao litchi fruits can be obviously improved and the occurrence of postharvest diseases of litchi can be reduced by mixing the hypersensitive protein with salicylic acid, potassium nitrophenolate and sodium nitrophenolate. The test merely illustrates the effect of the composition and the combined concentration is not limited to that of the test combination.
Claims (4)
1. The composition for efficiently inducing litchi chinensis to generate disease resistance is characterized by comprising the following components:
active component A and active component B;
the active component A is a hypersensitive protein;
the active component B is salicylic acid;
the weight ratio of the hypersensitive protein to the salicylic acid is 200 mg/L: 50 mg/L.
2. The composition for efficiently inducing litchi chinensis to generate disease resistance according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises: when the water-soluble organic fertilizer is specifically applied, an active component A and an active component B are used as active ingredients to be prepared into a solution for use, and the content of the active component A and the active component B accounts for 0.1-95% of the total weight of the solution.
3. The composition for efficiently inducing litchi chinensis to generate disease resistance according to claim 2, wherein the composition comprises: the content of the active component A and the active component B accounts for 1 to 95 percent of the total weight.
4. The composition for efficiently inducing litchi chinensis to generate disease resistance according to claim 2, wherein the composition comprises: in the specific application, the active component A and the active component B are respectively dissolved by using a solvent, the used solvent is water or ethanol, an emulsifier is added during preparation, and the prepared solution is mixed for use.
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| CN105767008A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2016-07-20 | 陕西美邦农药有限公司 | Efficient plant growth regulation composition containing harpin protein |
| CN105794849A (en) * | 2015-01-01 | 2016-07-27 | 陕西美邦农药有限公司 | Efficient plant growth regulation composition containing harpin protein |
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